[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
44 views20 pages

PF Ue Lec 6

Uploaded by

hamzaamir9733
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views20 pages

PF Ue Lec 6

Uploaded by

hamzaamir9733
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Programming Fundamentals

(COMP1112)
Arrays

Division of Science & Technology


University of Education, Lahore.
Arrays
• Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of
declaring separate variables for each value.
Declaring array
• To declare an array, define the variable type, specify the name of the array
followed by square brackets and specify the number of elements it should store.
dataType arrayName[arraySize];
Examples:
float mark[5];
string cars[4];
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
To create an array of three integers, you could write:
int myNum[3] = {10, 20, 30};
Access the Elements of an Array

• You access an array element by referring to the index number.


• This statement accesses the value of the first element in cars:
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
cout << cars[3];
Loop Through an Array
You can loop through the array elements with
the for loop.
The following example outputs all elements in
the cars array

string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};


for(int i = 0; i <4; i++) {
cout << cars[i] << "\n";
}
Omit Array Size

• You don't have to specify the size of the array. It will be as big as the
elements that are inserted into it:
string cars[] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford"}; // size of array is 3
Example- calculating average of 10 numbers
int main()
{
int i;
float num[10], sum=0.0, average;
for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
cout << i + 1 << ". Enter number: ";
cin >> num[i];
sum += num[i];
}
average = sum / 10;
cout << "Average = " << average;
return 0;
}
Example- Finding largest element of array
int i, n;
float arr[10];
cout << "Enter total number of elements: ";
cin >> n;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
cout << "Enter Number " << i + 1 << " : ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
// Loop to store largest number to arr[0]
for(i = 1;i < n; ++i)
{ if(arr[0] < arr[i])
arr[0] = arr[i];
}
cout << "Largest element = " << arr[0];
Example- take 5 numbers in array from user
and display those in reverse order
int arr[5];
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
cout << "Enter Number " << i + 1 << " : ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
cout << "reverse order"<<endl;
for(int i = 4;i>=0; i--)
{
cout << arr[i];
}
Array of characters
Two ways of declaration and initialization:
• char name[]="khan ali";
• char name2[]={'a','b','c'};

Note: ‘\0’ is inserted as end of string incase of name[]


Exercise
• Write a C++ program that checks palindromes ( e.g. MADAM) entered
by user and displays appropriate messages on finding and not finding
a string as palindrome.
Two-dimensional or 2D array
• In C++ two Dimensional array is an array that consists of more than
one rows and more than one column. In 2-D array each element is
refer by two indexes. Elements stored in these Arrays in the form of
matrices. The first index shows a row of the matrix and the second
index shows the column of the matrix.
• A two-dimensional array is, in essence, a list of one-dimensional
arrays.
• Declared as
type arrayName [ R ][ C ];
Formation
• Arr[0][0]=10; // 10 stored in first column of first row
• Arr[0][1]=20; // 20 stored in second column of first row
• Arr[0][2]=30; // 30 stored in third column of first row
• Arr[1][0]=40; // 40 stored in first column of second row
• Arr[1][1]=50; // 50 stored in second column of second row
• Arr[1][2]=60; // 60 stored in third column of second row
Initializing 2D Array

• The process of assigning values during declaration is called initialization.


The 2D array can be initialized by putting the curly braces around each row
separating by a comma also each element of a matrix should be separated
by a comma.
int mat [3][3]= {
{ 3,6,8 },
{ 5,4,7 },
{ 2,4,7 }
};
int mat[3][3]={3, 6, 8, 5, 4, 7, 2, 4, 7};
main()
{
int k=0;
int matrix [5] [5];
for (int i=0 ; i<5 ; i++)
{
for (int j=0 ; j<5 ; j++)
{
matrix [i] [j] = ++k;
}
}
}
Entering data in 2D array
• Nested loop is used to enter data in 2-D arrays. Generally, the outer
loop acts as the number of rows of a matrix and the inner loop acts as
the number of columns of a matrix.
int arrp[2][4];
for( int i =0; i <2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
cin>>arr[i][j];
int matrix [2][3]; //Displaying elements of a matrix
//Taking integer inputs in a matrix
for (int m1=0 ; m1<2 ; m1++)
for (int m1=0 ; m1<2 ; m1++) {
{ for (int m2=0 ; m2<3 ; m2++)
for (int m2=0 ; m2<3 ; m2++) {
{ cout<<"Your Entered Integer are :";
cout<<"Enter Integer :"; cout<<matrix [m1][m2];
cin>>matrix [m1][m2]; cout<<endl;
} }
} }
cout<<endl;
//Program to initialize a 2D array and display maximum and minimum numbers
int max, min;
int arr[2][4]= {{15, 21, 9, 84},{33, 72, 18, 47}};
max=min =arr[0][0];
for (int i=0;i<2;i++)
for (int j=0;j<4;j++)
{
if (arr[i][j]>max)
max = arr[i][j];
if (arr[i][j]<min)
min = arr[i][j];
}
cout<<“Maximum: “<<max<<“ Minimum: “<<min;
}
References
• C++ How to Program
By Deitel & Deitel

• The C++ Programming Language


By Bjarne Stroustrup

• Object oriented programming using C++ by Tasleem Mustafa, Imran Saeed, Tariq Mehmood, Ahsan Raza

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus

• http://ecomputernotes.com/cpp/introduction-to-oop

• http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial

• https://www.guru99.com/c-loop-statement.html

• www.w3schools.com

You might also like