JOURNAL READING

“Analisis HSMBQ (Hypertension self-management behavior questionnaire) dan pengontrolan

tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dengan Pendekar Sakti (Pemeriksaan dan Deteksi Dini
PTM Karyawan dan Masyarakat Usia Produktif) Puskesmas Kota Wilayah Utara di masa
pandemi COVID-19”

Dosen Pembimbing:

dr. Gita Sekar Prihanti, M.Pd.Ked

Disusun Oleh: Kelompok O35

Latifa Kusumaningrum 202020401011156

Frilyannuur Esananda K.D 202020401011151
Ihya’uddin Muhammad A. 202020401011189
Sofia Mawaddatul Urfah 202020401011134
Savira Salsabila 202020401011175

STASE ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2021
No. Judul Jurnal Populasi Metode Variabel Hasil Kutipan Resume untuk BAB
dan Lokasi

1. Adherence Populasi: cross- Dependent The study HTN is a chronic BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
to semua sectiona variable: included 404 condition that leads to
recommend pasien l adherence to respondents with serious complications Hipertensi adalah
ed lifestyle recommended kondisi kronis yang
hipertensi a 97% response if the person cannot
modification lifestyle menyebabkan
s and factors yang rate; 210 (52%) control and manage
melakukan modifications. were male and the BP. HTN komplikasi serius jika
associated
for kunjungan Independent mean age was management consists orang tersebut tidak
hypertensive tindak variables: 54.00±10.77 of two main parts; dapat mengontrol dan
patients lanjut di sociodemographi years. The pharmacological mengelola BP.
attending rumah sakit c factors – age, respondents’ therapy and lifestyle Pengelolaan HTN
chronic sex, marital terdiri dari dua bagian
kesehatan adherence to modifications.
follow-up status, religion, utama; terapi
units of masyarakat lifestyle
di Addis ethnicity, level modifications was sex, age, work status, farmakologis dan
selected
public Ababa, of education; 23%. The lifestyle time since diagnosis, modifikasi gaya hidup.
hospitals in Ethiopia, personal factors adherence was comorbidity,
Addis – comorbidities, knowledge about the Jenis kelamin, usia,
dan found to be better
Ababa, knowledge about disease, self-efficacy, status pekerjaan, waktu
populasi in females,
Ethiopia the disease, and social support sejak diagnosis,
penelitian patients who had
duration of were found to be komorbiditas,
adalah comorbidities,
HTN; behavioral significantly pengetahuan tentang
pasien and had been
factors – self- associated with penyakit, efikasi diri,
terpilih knowledgeable
efficacy and lifestyle adherence. dan dukungan sosial
yang about the disease
social factors ditemukan secara
memenuhi and was poor
signifikan terkait
kriteria like support among young dengan kepatuhan gaya
inklusi dan from families adult respondents. hidup.
tersedia and nonfamily
selama members of the
waktu society
pengumpul
an data.

Penelitian
dilakukan
di unit
tindak
lanjut
kronis
Dagmawi
Menilik,
Tirunesh
Beijing,
Yekatit 12,
dan rumah
sakit
peringatan
Zewditu.
 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19700175819&tip=sid&clean=0

2. Lifestyle Populasi : cross- - lifestyle 55% of the Hypertensive BAB 6 (pembahasan)

and self- Penduduk sectiona variables participants had individuals, especially
management Kota Gold l (physical poor BP control. in the early stages, Penderita hipertensi,
determinant activity, alcohol terutama pada tahap
Coast, A significantly usually do not
s of overconsumptio awal, biasanya tidak
hypertensio Australia higher frequency experience physical
n, and smoking) of poor BP self symptoms and mengalami gejala fisik
n control in
a sample of Lokasi : monitoring was therefore may not feel dan oleh karena itu
- self-
Australian Unit observed in the need to adhere to mungkin tidak merasa
management
adults Penilaian individuals with treatment or control perlu untuk mematuhi
skills (self-
Medis poor control of their condition pengobatan atau
monitoring,
Rumah compared to their [36]. However, pengendalian kondisi
AHT adherence,
Sakit counterparts. Poor regular BP self- mereka. Namun,
self-efficacy of
Universitas self monitoring monitoring may pemantauan mandiri
diet, and
Gold and a sedentary increase awareness of BP secara teratur dapat
exercise)
Coast, dan lifestyle were the condition, the meningkatkan
unit associated with need for action, and kesadaran akan kondisi
Komunitas higher odds of an individual’s active tersebut, perlunya
adalah poor control (OR: involvement in tindakan, dan
Kelas Aktif 5.33, 95% CI: treatment keterlibatan aktif
dan Sehat 1.78 – 15.93; p < individu dalam
Dewan 0.01, and OR: pengobatan.
Kota Gold 4.69, 95% CI:
Coast; dan 1.00 – 22.25; p <
Universitas 0.05,
Griffith respectively). No
significant
association was
observed between
other variables
and hypertension
control.
 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=23205&tip=sid&clean=0

3. Primary Populasi : Studi - indicators of We observed a In our study, there BAB 1 (Latar
care in the pasien di deskript the Healthcare negative effect on was a decrease in Belakang)
time of Institut if quality standard 85% of the EQA follow-up indicators
COVID-19: (EQA), Dalam penelitian kami,
Kesehatan retrospe indicators in such as the number of
monitoring comprising ada penurunan
the effect of Catalan ktif March and 68% in type 2 diabetics taken
different types: April. 90% of the care of, the number of indikator tindak lanjut
the
pandemic Lokasi : di treatment, control indicators hypertensive patients seperti jumlah
and the 288 praktik follow-up, had a negative taken care of or the penderita diabetes tipe
lockdown perawatan control, effect, number of controls in 2 yang dirawat, jumlah
measures on primer screening, highlighting the patients with pasien hipertensi yang
34 quality of (PCP) dari vaccinations and control of LDL anticoagulants dirawat atau jumlah
care Institut quaternary cholesterol with a kontrol pada pasien
indicators prevention In our research, the
Kesehatan reduction of − dengan antikoagulan
calculated follow-up, control,
for 288 Catalan 2.69% (95%CI −
3.17% to − screening and Dalam penelitian ini,
primary care
practices 2.23%) in March vaccinations of tindak lanjut, kontrol,
covering and − 3.41% patients in primary skrining dan vaksinasi
about 6 (95%CI − 3.82% care were pasien dalam perawatan
million to − 3.01%) in significantly reduced primer berkurang
people in secara signifikan
April; and the
Catalonia
control of blood
pressure with a
reduction of −
2.13% (95%CI −
2.34% to − 1.9%)
and − 2.59%
(95%CI − 2.8% to
− 2.37%). The
indicators with
the greatest
negative effect
were those of
screening, such as
the indicator of
diabetic foot
screening with a
negative effect of
− 2.86% (95%CI
− 3.33% to −
2.39%) and −
4.13% (95%CI −
4.55% to −
3.71%) in March
and April,
respectively. Only
one vaccination
indicator, adult
Measles-Mumps-
Rubella vaccine,
had a negative
effect in both
months. Finally,
among the
indicators of
quaternary
prevention, we
observed negative
effects in March
and April
although in that
case a lower
inadequacy that
means better
clinical outcome.
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4. Self-care lansia cross- age, gender, The uncontrolled high self-efficacy is BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
behavior terdaftar di sectiona education level, hypertension associated with self-
and related satu pusat l economic status, group showed care behaviors such efikasi diri yang tinggi
factors in marital status, dikaitkan dengan
kesehatan lower scores for as weight
older duration of perilaku perawatan diri
patients masyarakat self-care behavior management, low-salt
dan dua hypertension, and self-efficacy diet adherence, seperti manajemen
with
uncontrolled rumah sakit and receipt of than the regular physical berat badan, kepatuhan
hypertensio medis di hypertension controlled exercise, medication diet rendah garam,
n Provinsi education hypertension adherence, and latihan fisik secara
Kyung-buk group. Only self- tobacco use cessation teratur, kepatuhan
Korea efficacy for controlling high pengobatan, dan
Selatan. significantly blood pressure penghentian
affected self-care penggunaan tembakau
behavior in the untuk mengendalikan
latter group, tekanan darah tinggi.
 whereas self-
efficacy,
education level,
and family
support affected
self-care behavior
in the former
group

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5. Associations patients cross- - Health Literacy There were 1460 medication adherence BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Between from the sectiona patients who based on self-reported
- Medication
Health Chicago l completed recall of recent use of kepatuhan pengobatan
Literacy and Self-
area with screening the chronic berdasarkan ingatan
Medication Management
uncontrolle interviews; 62.9% medications patients’ yang dilaporkan sendiri
Self-
d enrolled and had currently report tentang penggunaan
Managemen hypertensio complete baseline taking in this baru-baru ini dari
t Among n enrolled data collected, population of pengobatan kronis yang
Community between and were included community health dilaporkan pasien saat
Health
April 2012 in the analysis. Of center patients with ini dalam populasi
Center
Patients and 919 participants, uncontrolled pasien pusat kesehatan
with February 47.4% had likely hypertension was masyarakat dengan
Uncontrolle 2015 limited (low), lowest in the group hipertensi yang tidak
d 33.2% possibly with adequate health terkontrol adalah yang
Hypertensio limited, and literacy. This finding terendah pada
n 19.4% likely may be due to several kelompok dengan
adequate health factors. This study literasi kesehatan yang
literacy. included only memadai. Temuan ini
Compared to uncontrolled mungkin disebabkan
participants with hypertensive patients oleh beberapa faktor.
likely adequate so all patients had Penelitian ini hanya
health literacy, some reason for being melibatkan pasien
participants with uncontrolled. It seems hipertensi yang tidak
low health plausible that those terkontrol sehingga
literacy were less with lower health semua pasien memiliki
likely to have literacy may have had alasan untuk tidak
chronic inadequate disease terkontrol. Tampaknya
medications control due to masuk akal bahwa
reconciled (18.0% inadvertent errors in mereka dengan literasi
versus 29.6%, following prescribed kesehatan yang lebih
p=0.007), know regimens rendah mungkin
indications for (inadvertently memiliki
chronic omitting medications
medications intended by their
(64.1% versus clinicians or not
83.1%, p<0.001), taking medications at
and demonstrate the prescribed
understanding of frequency) but
instructions and believed they were
dosing (68.1% taking their
versus 82.9%, medications
p=0.001). correctlypengendalian
Selfreported penyakit yang tidak
adherence to memadai karena
hypertension kesalahan yang tidak
medications was disengaja dalam
higher among the mengikuti rejimen
low health yang ditentukan
literacy group (secara tidak sengaja
(65.6% versus menghilangkan obat
56.0%, p=0.010). yang dimaksudkan
In multivariable oleh dokter mereka
models, health atau tidak minum
literacy was obat pada frekuensi
strongly yang ditentukan)
associated with tetapi percaya bahwa
knowledge of mereka meminum
drug indications, obat dengan benar.
and understanding
of instructions
and dosing.
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6. Blood catatan studi - outcomes of Of 803 Our findings suggest BAB 1 (Latar
pressure medis kohort COVID-19 hypertensive that high SBP and PP Belakang)
control and individu retrospe infection patients, 67 and unstable SBP/DBP
adverse Temuan kami
yang ktif - Blood pressure (8.3%) were control were
outcomes of menunjukkan bahwa
COVID-19 dianonimka control admitted to the independently
n dari 4 ICU, 30 (3.7%) associated with greater SBP dan PP (pulse
infection in
patients Februari had respiratory risks of adverse pressure) yang tinggi
with (penerimaa failure, 26 (3.2%) outcomes, including dan kontrol SBP/DBP
concomitant n pasien had heart failure, mortality, ICU yang tidak stabil secara
hypertensio pertama) and 35 (4.8%) admission, and heart independen terkait
n in Wuhan, dengan risiko yang
hingga 31 died. After failure, in COVID-19
China lebih besar dari hasil
Maret 2020 adjustment for patients.
diambil confounders, the yang merugikan,
dari significant termasuk kematian,
database predictors of heart masuk ICU, dan gagal
elektronik failure were jantung, pada pasien
Rumah average systolic COVID-19.
Sakit blood pressure
Huoshensh (SBP) (hazard
an, sebuah ratio (HR) per 10
rumah sakit mmHg 1.89, 95%
lapangan confidence
akut yang interval (CI):
dibangun di 1.15, 3.13) and
Wuhan pulse pressure
(HR per 10
mmHg 2.71, 95%
CI: 1.39, 5.29).
The standard
deviations of SBP
and diastolic BP
were
independently
associated with
mortality and ICU
admission. The
risk estimates of
poor BP control
were comparable
between patients
receiving ARBs
and those not
receiving ARBs,
with the only
exception of a
high risk of heart
failure in the
nonARB group.
Poor BP control
was
independently
associated with
higher risks of
adverse outcomes
of COVID-19.
ARB drugs did
not increase the
risks of adverse
events in
hypertensive
patients.
 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=23752&tip=sid&clean=0

7. Predictors adults aged cross- health- The mean and Social support is an BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
of health- 60 years sectiona promoting standard deviation interpersonal
promoting old and l behaviour (Mean ± SD) of influence that was Dukungan sosial
behaviour (namely, merupakan pengaruh
above with each positively correlated
among older education, interpersonal yang
adults with hypertensio questionnaire with health-
n from four knowledge, self- were as follows: promoting behaviour. berkorelasi positif
hypertensio
n in primary efficacy, HPLP II, 2.55 ± Social support was dengan perilaku
Indonesia health perceived 0.19; HK-LS, the second strongest promosi kesehatan.
centres barriers, social 11.83 ± 3.00; predictor of health- Dukungan sosial
(PHCs) in support and SRAHP, 2.00 ± promoting memanfaatkan sumber
Bengkulu situational 5.87; BAS, 27.89 behaviour.Social daya pendukung yang
City, influences) ± 2.70; BES, support taps into the ditawarkan oleh orang
Bengkulu, 34.29 ± 2.29; sustaining resources lain, yang dapat berupa
Indonesia MSPSS, 60.35 ± offered by other anggota keluarga,
8.12; and SIQ, people, who can be teman, atau orang
47.71 ± 6.66. family members, penting lainnya
According to the friends or significant
multiple linear others.
regression model,
36.9% of the
variation in
health-promoting
behaviour among
older adults with
hypertension can
be explained by
six variables,
namely,
education,
knowledge, self-
efficacy,
perceived
barriers, social
support and
situational
influences
(adjusted R2 ¼
0.369).
 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100469749&tip=sid&clean=0

8. Profile and all cross- respondent The majority were Non-pharmacological BAB 7 (Saran)
Lifestyle of hypertensiv sectiona characteristics, women with age treatment, such as
Hypertensiv e patients l diet pattern, >60 years and education to prevent Penatalaksanaan
e Patients, physical activity, nonfarmakologi seperti
who came two-thirds of all the complication must
Cardiovascu patient’s edukasi untuk
lar for health hypertensive be done by any
examinatio socioeconomic cases had health-care provider mencegah komplikasi
Comorbidity
, and ns in the conditions, uncontrolled in PHC. For example, harus dilakukan oleh
Complicatio past 3 genetic factors, blood pressure the doctors or nurses setiap tenaga kesehatan
ns in a months at pharmaceutical (69.2%). reminded the di Puskesmas.
Primary one of the and non- Laboratory patients to take Misalnya, dokter atau
Health pharmaceutical perawat mengingatkan
PHC on results showed medication regularly,
Center in therapy from pasien untuk minum
Surabaya, Surabaya in abnormalities: to visit for
2018 primary health Dyslipidemia examination, and to obat secara teratur,
Indonesia
services, (50.5%), high avoid foods that have mengunjungi untuk
controlled blood fasting blood a role as the risk of pemeriksaan, dan
pressure status, sugar (38.6%), increasing high blood menghindari makanan
hypertensive and high uric acid pressure. As with yang memiliki peran
comorbidities, (10.1%). Nearly younger people, this sebagai risiko
and hypertensive one-third of non-pharmacological peningkatan tekanan
complications. patients (27.9%) intervention must be darah tinggi. Seperti
already had started before using halnya orang yang
abnormalities in drugs . Hence, the lebih muda, intervensi
the majority of nonfarmakologis ini
electrocardiograp hypertensive patients harus dimulai sebelum
hy (ECG) since filled the menggunakan obat.
the procedure questionnaires that Oleh karena itu,
been done rarely. they received sebagian besar pasien
Contrarily, most education from the hipertensi mengisi
of them health-care provider kuesioner bahwa
committed to a in PHC in Surabaya, mereka menerima
healthy diet and especially by the pendidikan dari
taking the doctors. This means penyedia layanan
medication that one program for kesehatan di Puskesmas
regularly in line disease prevention di Surabaya, terutama
with doctor’s with education has oleh dokter. Artinya,
education when been well-provided salah satu program
they visit PHC. pencegahan penyakit
Regarding dengan edukasi telah
exercise, most of dilaksanakan dengan
them stated not to baik
do it regularly.
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9. The Population case- - Physical The result of the The nature of modern BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Relationship in this control Activity (mild, research showed life, with more caloric
of Physical study study moderate, that there was intake, particularly Sifat kehidupan
Activity and severe) modern, dengan lebih
where all design significant from fast food and
Obesity banyak asupan kalori,
with the hypertensiv - Obesity relationship of less physical activity,
e patients physical activity engenders more terutama dari makanan
Incidence of (Obesity,
Hypertensio aged 26-45 (p = 0.000; OR = obesity, which is now cepat saji dan kurang
n in Adults years in 3.6; 95% CI, a worldwide aktivitas fisik,
Aged 26-45 four 1.802-7.270) and epidemic. Any degree menyebabkan lebih
Years in selected obesity (p = of weight gain, even banyak obesitas, yang
Medan public 0.000; OR = 4; to a level that is not sekarang menjadi
health 95% CI, 2.030- defined as epidemi di seluruh
centres in 7.900) with the overweight, is dunia. Setiap tingkat
Medan city incidence of associated with an kenaikan berat badan,
hypertension in increased incidence of bahkan ke tingkat yang
Penelitian 26-45-year-old hypertension tidak didefinisikan
dilakukan respondents. sebagai kelebihan berat
di Kota badan, dikaitkan
Medan dengan peningkatan
dengan insiden hipertensi
mengambil
sampel dari
Puskesmas
Mandala,
Amplas,
Tuntungan
dan Padang
Bulan
Selayang
dua.
 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100824403&tip=sid&clean=0

10. Associations adults with cross- - Hypertension The youngest age identification of these BAB 1 (Latar
between hypertensio sectiona Management group (18–39) patients who might Belakang)
Socio- n in l during the years, the lowest have increased
Demographi COVID-19 identifikasi pasien-
Malaysia income group, challenges with their
c Factors Pandemic pasien ini yang
and was unemployed and disease management
conducted unmarried during the pandemic mungkin mengalami
Hypertensio - Socio-
n for a period individuals, had might suggest a role peningkatan tantangan
Demographic
Managemen of three significantly for relevant health dengan manajemen
Factors (health
t during the months higher pandemic authorities in penyakit mereka
literacy,
COVID-19 between impact scores. executing appropriate selama pandemi
Pandemic: adherence, and
January This denotes that public health mungkin menyarankan
Preliminary impact of the
and April those individuals measures and policies peran otoritas
Findings pandemic of
2021. were more prone to ensure the kesehatan terkait dalam
from each
Malaysia to be negatively maintenance of good melaksanakan langkah-
participant,)
affected by the hypertension langkah dan kebijakan
pandemic management during kesehatan masyarakat
regarding their the ongoing yang tepat untuk
hypertension pandemic. memastikan
management. pemeliharaan
Most participants manajemen hipertensi
reported relatively yang baik selama
controlled blood pandemi yang sedang
pressure and good berlangsung.
levels of health
literacy as well as
adherence amidst
the pandemic. To
a moderate extent,
study participants
perceived that the
pandemic had a
negative effect on
hypertension
management. The
perceived
negative impact
of the pandemic
was attributed to
several socio-
demographic
factors, such as
age, household
income,
 employment, and
marital status.

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No. Judul Jurnal Populasi Metode Variabel Hasil Kutipan Resume untuk BAB
dan Lokasi
11. An - 148 Rando - The socio- Female patients Adherence to self- BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Examination patients mized demograp were found to be management was found to Kepatuhan terhadap manajemen diri
of the Socio- with controll hic less likely to be associated with socio- berkaitan dengan karakteristik
demographic coexistin ed trial characteri exercise regularly demographic sosio-demografis (jenis kelamin,
Correlates of g type 2 stics (sex, (odds ratio [OR] = characteristics (sex, age, usia, status hidup, status kesehatan
Patient diabetes age, 0.49, P = 0.03) and living status, perceived yang dirasakan). Self-efficacy
Adherence to mellitus education more likely to avoid health status). Self- adalah mediator penting dalam
Self and level, tobacco and alcohol efficacy was an important beberapa asosiasi ini, menunjukkan
Management hyperten living (OR = 9.87, P < mediator in some of these bahwa kepatuhan pasien dapat
Behaviors sion status, 0.001) than male associations, suggesting ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan
and the - diabetes patients. Older that patient adherence may manajemen diri pasien, seperti
Mediating duration, patients were found be improved by increasing dengan pemberdayaan pasien,
Roles of hypertensi to be patients’ self-management perawatan kolaboratif, atau
Health on more likely to efficacy, such as by peningkatan interaksi pasien-dokter.
Attitudes and duration, adhere to diet patient empowerment,
Self-efficacy and therapy (OR = 2.21, collaborative care, or
among perceived P = 0.01) and self- enhanced patient–
Patients with health monitoring/self- physician interactions
Coexisting status) care (OR = 2.17, P
Type 2 - Self- = 0.02). Patients
Diabetes and efficacy in living with family
Hypertension performin or others (e.g.,
g self caregivers) were
managem found to be more
ent likely to exercise
regularly (OR =
3.44, P = 0.02)
and less likely to
avoid tobacco and
alcohol (OR = 0.10,
P = 0.04) than those
living alone.
Patients with better
perceived health
status were found to
be more likely to
adhere to
medication therapy
(OR = 2.02, P =
0.03). Patients
with longer diabetes
duration (OR =
2.33, P = 0.01) were
found to be more
likely to adhere to
self-monitoring/self
care.
Self-efficacy was
found to mediate
the association
between older age
and better
adherence to diet
therapy,
while no significant
mediating effects
were found for
health attitudes.
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12. The Effect of - Patients - Rando - HBP-HL The data was Correlation analysis BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
High Blood with m - HRQoL analysed by showed that HRQoL had a Analisis korelasi menunjukkan
Pressure- hyperten cluste - Self- SPSS18.0 and significantly positive bahwa HRQoL memiliki korelasi
health sion r managem AMOS 18.0 correlation with HBP-HL, positif signifikan dengan HBP-HL,
Literacy, - Kazakh sampl ent software. 516 self-management perilaku manajemen diri, kepatuhan
Self- settleme ing behavior Kazakh behavior, therapeutic terapi, dukungan sosial, dan efikasi
management nts in - Questio - Therapeutic hypertension adherence, social support, diri. Selanjutnya, intervensi yang
Behavior, Xinjiang nnaire adherence patients were and self-efficacy sesuai dengan faktor-faktor tersebut
Self Efficacy surve - Self- recruited, and diterapkan untuk pasien, dan pada
and Social y and efficacy 94.4% of them had Next, tailored akhirnya akan berkontribusi untuk
Support on physi - Social a relatively low interventions are mengontrol tekanan darah dan
the Health cal support HBP-HL score. The implemented for patients, meningkatkan HRQoL pasien.
Related exami mean standardized and ultimately it will
Quality of nation scores of HRQoL, contribute to control blood
Life of self management, pressure and improve
Kazakh therapeutic patients’ HRQoL.
Hypertension adherence were
Patients in a poor; they were
Low-income 63.5, 66.2, and
Rural 64.4, respectively.
Area of But 96.1% and
China: a 98.3% of
Structural the participants had
Equation high levels of self-
Model efficacy and social
support. The SEM
of the HRQoL had
a good overall fit
(χ2/
df = 2.078, AGFI =
0.944, GFI = 0.968,
CFI = 0.947, IFI =
0.949, RMSEA =
0.046). The model
indicated that the
HBP-HL
has the highest
correlation with
HRQoL, following
with self-
management
behavior, social
support, and self-
efficacy.
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13. Hypertension - 31 - Descr - Stress Focus group Three major themes BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Self- African iptive - Self- participants were emerged from these data Tiga hal utama yang menjadi
Management America qualit managem mostly female as primary stressors sebagai stressor utama yang terkait
Perspectives n older ative ent (87%), and mean related to hypertension dengan manajemen diri pada pasien
From adults analys behaviors age was 72 self-management: dengan hipertensi adalah masalah
African diagnose is years (range: 62-91 communication, healthy komunikasi, makan sehat, dan tidur.
American d with years). Three eating, and sleep.
Older Adults hyperten major themes
sion emerged from these
- data as primary
stressors related to
hypertension
self-management:
communication,
healthy eating, and
sleep.
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14. Well-being - 517 - Cross - Socio- Of the 517 patients Our findings demonstrated BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Mediates the patients - demograp with hypertension, that well-being mediated Kesejahteraan, dukungan sosial, dan
Effects of with sectio hic the mean age was the effects of social fungsi keluarga berhubungan
Social hyperten nal - Self- 71.40 ± 8.61 years, support and family dengan manajemen diri pada pasien
Support and sion study managem and 41.4% function on self- dengan hipertensi dan menunjukkan
Family - Two ent were male. management in patients bahwa meningkatkan manajemen
Function on tertiary - Social Correlation with hypertension and diri pada pasien dengan hipertensi
Self- hospitals support analysis revealed indicated that improving harus menjadi pendekatan yang
management in - Family that social support, self-management in komprehensif yang harus
in Elderly Tianjin, function family function and patients with hypertension mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor
Patients with China well-being were should be a ini.
Hypertension positively comprehensive approach
associated with which should take these
self-management factors into account.
and correlation
coefficients were
0.19, 0.19 and 0.39,
respectively (p <
0.01). In this
analysis, self-
management was
the dependent
variable, and the
independent
variables were as
follows: career,
education level,
salary, payment of
medical expenses,
social support,
family function and
well-being which
were significantly
related to self-
management in
univariate analysis
and correlation
analysis. In the final
model, well-being
and salary were
significant
predictors of the
self-management,
other variables were
excluded from the
model.
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15. Iranian Study - 240 Cross-s - Self-mana In this research 197 We found that BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
on Social patients ectional gement patients were self-management has a Manajemen diri pada pasien
Determinants with study - Social studied. Mean age positive relationship with hipertensi memiliki hubungan
of hyperten determina of the participants financial ability of positif dengan kemampuan
Self-manage sion nts was 56.6 ± 10.1 securing the education and finansial, sementara itu memiliki
ment in - health years. The mean ± health expenditure, while hubungan negatif dengan usia.
Patients with care SD (standard it had a negative Selain itu, tidak ada hubungan yang
Hypertension centers deviation) of relationship with age. signifikan antara skor manajemen
Referring to affiliated self-management Moreover, there was no diri dan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan,
Tabriz Health with score was 81.51 ± significant relationship tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan,
Care Centers Tabriz 13.16. The between self-management kemampuan finansial untuk
in 2017-2018 Universi correlation score and gender, mengamankan pakaian dan nutrisi
ty of coefficient of self occupation, education dan buah-buahan serta nilai moneter
Medical -management with level, income, financial perumahan dan nilai moneter mobil.
Sciences financial ability of ability of securing clothes
in Iran securing the and nutrition and fruits
education expenses, also monetary value of
nutrition and fruits, housing and monetary
and health care value of car.
expenses were
0.228 (P = 0.001),
0.149 (P value
<0.05), and 0.28 (P
< 0.001)
respectively. Also,
the correlation
coefficient of age
with
self-management
was − 0.206 (P
value = 0.004). Item
level analysis
showed strong
significant
associations
between social
determinants and
three items related
to lifestyle and two
items related to
monitoring of blood
pressure (BP) at
home.
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16. A - 60 Rando - Health Mean systolic and After completing the 3- BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Community individu mized outcomes diastolic BP at month intervention to Setelah menyelesaikan intervensi 3
and als who controll - Clinical baseline was 150.49 improve hypertension self bulan untuk meningkatkan self
Technology- were ed trial characteri (SD = 13.89) and management, the groups management pada hipertensi, tidak
Based prescribe stics 86.80 (SD = did not significantly differ didapatkan perbedaan secara
Approach for d - Behaviora 13.39), in BP control and HRQoL. signifikan dalam kontrol BP dan
Hypertension antihype l respectively. After HRQoL.
Self- rtensive outcomes completing the 3-
Management medicati - Self- month intervention
(COACHMA ons and managem to improve
N) to owning ent hypertension
Improve a process selfmanagement,
Blood smartph - Contextua the groups did not
Pressure one l factors significantly differ
Control in - Commu in BP control and
African nity HRQoL. Clinically
Americans: clinics at relevant BP
Results from Universi reduction was
a Pilot Study ty observed in the
Hospital intervention group.
s Paired t-test showed
 Clevelan that mean
d medication-taking
Medical adherence scores
Center’s significantly
(UHCM improved in the
C) intervention group
(P = 0.023)
compared to the
control group (P =
0.075).

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17. The Effects - 118 Rando - Self- At baseline, there This study concludes that BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
of Self- elderly mized managem were no significant one-month SME tailored Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa
management people controll ent between-group to patients’ health literacy SME (Self Management Education)
Education with ed trial education differences (based on HLI) can dalam satu bulan yang disesuaikan
Tailored to uncontro regarding significantly promote dengan literasi kesehatan pasien
Health lled participants’ medication adherence and dapat secara signifikan
Literacy on primary demographic decrease the mean of meningkatkan kepatuhan
Medication hyperten characteristics, systolic and diastolic pengobatan dan menurunkan rata-
Adherence sion and medical history, and blood pressure among rata tekanan darah sistolik dan
and Blood inadequa medication elderly patients with diastolik di antara pasien usia lanjut
Pressure te health adherence. After the uncontrolled primary dengan hipertensi primer yang tidak
Control literacy intervention, hypertension and terkontrol.
among - Fayyazb between-group inadequate HL.
Elderly akhsh comparisons
People with hospital, adjusted for pretest
Primary Tehran, scores showed a
Hypertension Iran significant
:A reduction in the
Randomized mean score
Controlled of systolic and
Trial diastolic blood
pressure and
increase adherence
to medication due
to intervention
(P < 0.05).
However, the
proportions of
controlled systolic
and diastolic blood
pressure were not
statistically
significant different
between-group (P >
0.05).
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18. Self- - 301 Cross- - Self- The lowest level of The intrapersonal and BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
management elderly sectiona managem self-management interpersonal levels were Tingkat intrapersonal dan
Among patients l study ent behaviors was in significant interpersonal adalah faktor
Elderly with behaviors exercisemanagemen factors influencing self- signifikan yang mempengaruhi
Patients hyperten - Intraperso t, and the highest management behaviors. perilaku manajemen diri.
With sion nal level was inmedication There is a need to develop Diperlukan pengembangan dan
Hypertension - Tertiary informatio management. The and test individualized intervensi individual yang
and Its hospitals n results interventions that improve meningkatkan manajemen diri pada
Association in - Institution of multiple linear self-management in pasien usia lanjut dengan hipertensi.
With Tianjin, al level regression analysis elderly patients with Khususnya, intervensi untuk
Individual China, informatio showed thatwell- hypertension. Specifically, mempromosikan olahraga di pada
and Social from n being, family interventions to promote orang tua dengan hipertensi yang
Environment October - Communit function, sex, exercise among elderly hidup sendiri.
al Factors 2016 to y level education level, and persons with hypertension
in China Septemb informatio age were pivotal who are single and living
er 2017 n individual and alone are needed.
- Public social
policy environmental
level factors influencing
informatio self-management
n behaviors among
 - elderly patients
with
hypertension.

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19. The Effect of - 1000 - Cross - Demogra Demographic Age, education level, self- BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
Health patients - phic characteristics, management efficacy and Usia, tingkat pendidikan, self-
Literacy and with sectio character health literacy and health literacy were all management dan health literacy
Self- hyperten nal istics self-management related to the HRQL of semuanya berhubungan dengan
management sion study - Self- efficacy have all patient with hypertension, HRQL (Health Related Quality of
Efficacy on - A rural - Cluste managem significant effects which means that patients Life) pasien hipertensi, yang berarti
the Health area of red ent on who are more elderly and bahwa pasien yang lebih tua dan
Related southwe rando efficacy HRQL. Age, have lower education memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang
Quality of stern mized - Health education level, level, low self- lebih rendah, self-management yang
Life of China. contro literacy self-management management efficacy and rendah, dan literasi kesehatan yang
Hypertensive lled - Health- efficacy and health poor health literacy get buruk memiliki HRQL yang lebih
Patients in a trial related literacy were worse HRQL. buruk.
Western quality of significantly related
Rural Area of life to the HRQL.
China: The constructed
A Cross- model had a good
sectional fit for the data
Study according to the
model fit indices.
Based on the
model, health
literacy (r = 0.604,
p = 0.029) and Self-
management
efficacy (r = 0.714,
p = 0.018) have a
significant impact
on HRQL.
Demographic
characteristics were
inversely related to
HRQL (r = −0.419,
p = 0.007), but have
a significant impact
on health
literacy (r = 0.675,
p = 0.029) and self-
management
efficacy (r = 0.379,
p = 0.029). At the
same time, self-
management
efficacy was
positively
correlated to health
literacy (r = 0.413,
p <0.01).
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20. Self-manage - Tianjin Cross- - Self-man Among all patients, The present study strongly BAB 6 (Pembahasan)
ment and Medical sectiona agement 128 (58.2%) were suggests that self- Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa
Psychologica Universi l study - Psycholo female, 106 management and bahwa self dan faktor psikologis
l Resilience ty gical (48.2%) had a psychological resilience dapat memoderasi hubungan antara
Moderate General resilience bachelor degree or could moderate the gejala dan (Health Related Quality
the Hospital - Physical higher, and 133 relationships between of Life) HRQoL.
Relationships (China) or mental (60.5%) had symptoms and HRQoL.
Between health-rel moderate to severe
Symptoms ated Charlson
and quality of Comorbidity Index.
Health-relate life Both self-
d Quality of management and
Life psychological
among resilience were
Patients with negatively
Hypertension correlated
in China to symptoms (r = −
0.259, p < 0.001; r
= − 0.282, p <
0.001) but
positively
correlated to
physical (r = 0.316,
p < 0.001;
r = 0.344, p <
0.001) and mental
(r = 0.273, p <
0.001; r = 0.309, p
< 0.001) HRQoL.
After controlling
for potential
covariates,
self-management
 could moderate the
associations
between symptoms
and physical
HRQoL (p = 0.041,
ΔR2 = 0.010),
while
psychological
resilience could
moderate the
relationships
between symptoms
and mental HRQoL
(p = 0.02, ΔR2 =
0.010).

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21. Self- Populasi = Cross Individual/ All models had a This is one of the few BAB 6
management 873 adults sectiona family (age, good fit based on studies using IFSMT variabel yang terkait dengan
and blood with l Study sex, marital the Hosmer-Le- theory to assess how durasi penyakit yang lebih lama
pressure hypertensi status, meshow test. In
context and process dan NCMS asuransi kesehatan
control in on, education, model 1, personal
China: a including employment income and health variables affect self- (tunjangan rawat jalan yang tidak
community- 360 men , personal insurance were management and BP in memadai untuk penduduk
based and 513 incomes significant for BP individuals with pedesaan) dikaitkan dengan
multicentre women. and health control.
hypertension. Context kontrol yang buruk terhadap
cross- insurance) Participants with
sectional Lokasi = MI, WC, NCMS (medical variables associated hipertensi di Cina. Pembagian
study Eight disease scheme mainly for with longer disease biaya rawat jalan yang lebih
communit rural residents) duration and NCMS rendah perawatan, meningkatkan
y health duration, compared with health insurance akses ke perawatan pencegahan
centres on comorbiditi UEMI (medical (inadequate outpatient dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas
four cities es, family insurance mainly benefits for the rural ke obat-obatan dan strategi
in the history, for urban
Northeast smoking population) is manajemen diri gies untuk
employees)
(Shenyang and alcohol increased the odds associated with poor pendaftar NCMS harus
), consumptio of poor BP control control over dipertimbangkan oleh orang Cina
Northwest n (OR 2.70, 95% CI hypertension in China. pembuat kebijakan kesehatan.
(Xi’an), 1.28 to 5.67). When Lower outpatient cost Selain itu, seks dan gender-re-
Southwest Treatment BMI, WC, smoking, sharing care, improve faktor terkait termasuk strategi
(Chengdu) management drinking, family access to preventive untuk meningkatkan kemampuan
and South , diet history, disease
(Changsha management care and improve keterampilan penuaan dan
duration and
) of China. , physical comorbidities were accessibility to memberikan dukungan sosial
exercise added into model 2, medications and self- perlu diselidiki dalam uji coba
management there was a slightly management strategies terkontrol secara acak di masa
, lifestyle lower odds of gies for NCMS depan.
management NCMS compared registrants should be
, risk factors with UEMI
management considered by Chinese
affecting poor BP
, CHC visits health policy makers. In
control (OR 2.69,
and 95% CI 1.27 to addition, sex and
hospitals 5.69). A higher odd gender-re- related
visits of factors including
having poor BP
control was also strategies to improve
observed with a capabilities aging skills
longer duration of and providing necessary
disease (OR 1.03,
social support
95% CI 1.01 to
1.04). A investigated in future
similar pattern was randomized controlled
observed when trials.
treatment
management, diet
management,
physical exercise
management,
lifestyle
management, risk
factor management,
CHC visits and
hospital visits were
added to model 3.
Self-management
treatments reduced
the odds of poor BP
control in the final
model (OR 0.98,
95% CI 0.97 to 0.99
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q=19800188003&tip=sid&clean=0
22. Factors Populasi = Cross association There were Compliance, behavior, BAB 6
affecting self- Warga sectiona between significant motivation, and self- Kepatuhan, perilaku, motivasi,
management Arab l study self-manage correlations care among dan perawatan diri di antara
of Saudia ment and between behavior
hypertensive patients pasien hipertensi yang
hypertensive usia > 17 age, gender, and
patients tahun duration of gender (P < visiting a primary care mengunjungi klinik perawatan
attending HPB, 0.001), BMI (P < clinic in low primer di populasi yang
family Lokasi = self-rated 0.001), age (P < representative representatif rendah. Berbagai
medicine Saudi health 0.001), population. Various faktor ditemukan berhubungan
clinics in Arabia status, status (P < 0.001), factors found associated dengan perilaku yang buruk,
Riyadh, marital duration of HBP with poor behavior, motivasi yang buruk, dan
Saudi Arabia status, (P = 0.022),
poor motivation, and kurang percaya diri untuk
education presence
level, of cardiac disease lack of self-confidence melakukan pemantauan BP di
comorbiditi (P < 0.001), and to do BP monitoring at rumah, untuk berolahraga lebih
es, BMI, dyslipidemia (P = home, to exercise more, banyak, membatasi garam
etc. 0.011). limit salt intake, and asupan, dan nilai kontrol HBP.
Motivation was control HBP values. Ada kebutuhan untuk
significantly There is a need for kesehatan praktisi untuk
correlated with
health practitioners to menilai aktivitas perawatan diri
gender (P = 0.003),
BMI (P < 0.001), assess self-care dan tekanan darah mengontrol,
age (P < 0.001), activities and blood dan mendidik pasien
status (P < 0.001), pressure control, and pentingnya pemantauan HBP
duration of HBP
educate patients on the dan mengajarkan teknik praktis
(P = 0.005),
smoking (P < importance of untuk meningkatkan
0.001), and monitoring HBP and kepercayaan diri mereka dan
presence of teach practical motivasi untuk mencapai
cardiac disease (P techniques to increase perilaku, perawatan diri, dan
< 0.001). their confidence and kepatuhan yang lebih baik
Self-efficacy was motivation to achieve untuk manajemen.
significantly
better behavior, self-
correlated with
gender (P < 0.001), care, and compliance
BMI (P < 0.001), for management.
age (P < 0.001),
status (P < 0.001),
duration of HBP (P
= 0.008),
smoking (P <
0.001), presence of
cardiac disease (P <
0.001),
and dyslipidemia
(P = 0.023).
Compliance was
significantly
correlated to age
(P = 0.003),
occupation (P =
0.002),
duration of HBP
(P < 0.001), the
 number of
anti-HBP
medications (P <
0.001), and stroke
(P = 0.017).

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23. integrating Populasi = Cross ●demograph The first hypothesis The findings have several BAB 6
factors Inklusi : Section ic was supported by practical implications for Temuan memiliki beberapa implikasi
associated Individual al Study ●disease the structural medical professionals and praktis untuk profesional medis dan
with s who had characterist model. individuals. hypertension individu. pasien hipertensi yang masih
patient who are young and muda dan dengan penyakit onset baru,
hypertensive lived in ics Self-efficacy was
with new-onset disease, low risiko CVD rendah, sedikit
patients’ self- the ●disease positively and CVD risk, little knowledge pengetahuan penyakit atau dukungan
management communit knowledge significantly of illness or social support, sosial, dan inferior kemanjuran diri
using y for at ●social associated with and inferior self-efficacy is a adalah populasi yang rentan di mana
structural least 6 support self-management vulnerable population where medis profesional harus lebih
equation months, ●Self-efficac (β=0.954, P,0.001). medical professionals should diperhatikan. Berbeda dengan sosio-
modeling: a aged 45– ●self- Hypertension self- pay more attention. In determinan ekonomi, yang kurang
cross- 70 years manageme efficacy predicted contrast to socio- economic dapat diubah, penyakit pendidikan dan
sectional old, with a nt 90.9% of self- determinant, which is less kelompok saling membantu adalah
study in definite management. modifiable, disease education solusi potensial. Selain pendidikan
guangdong, diagnosis and mutual assistance groups reguler, para ahli harus fokus pada:
The second are potential solutions. In hasil penyakit yang merugikan dan
china of primary
addition to regular education, perawatan farmasi untuk
hypertensi hypothesis was
experts should focus on: menghilangkan kekhawatiran pasien
on, and proved. Disease
taking or knowledge adverse disease outcomes tentang efek samping dan
had ever (β=0.142, P=0.028) and pharmaceutical meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat.
taken and social support treatments to allay patient Kelompok gotong royong harus
antihypert (β=0.292, P,0.001) concerns about side effects diselenggarakan secara teratur untuk
and improve medication memberikan dukungan sebaya dan
ensive had significant
adherence. The gotong memberikan kesempatan untuk berbagi
drugs. direct effects on royong group must organized pengetahuan penyakit dan perwakilan
Exclusion self-efficacy and regularly to provide peer pengalaman, dua komponen penting
: significant support and provide dari self-efficacy.
individuals indirect effects on opportunity to share disease
with self-management knowledge and
severe (β=0.135 and representatives experience,
cognitive β=0.279, two important components of
or respectively). self-efficacy.
communic
ation In this study, age,
disorder, CVD risk, and
severe disease course were
clinical signifi-
complicati cantly associated
ons with self-efficacy
requiring and positively
hospitaliza correlated
tion, and with self-
were management. The
participati total standard
ng or had effects of age, CVD
participate risk, and disease
d in other course on
similar hypertension self-
programs management
within the were 0.237, 0.067,
last 6 and 0.107,
months. respectively.
 Lokasi = Additionally,
Guangzho disease knowledge
u, China. was positively
correlated with
social
support (β=0.245,
P,0.001),
suggesting that
increased
social support
would improve
patients’ perception
of disease.
Several error terms
were correlated
after model
modification,
indicating they
reflected a common
latent trait

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24. Perception Populasi = Cross age, gender, Hypertension was Age, gender, BMI, BAB 6
and self- All in- Section academic more prevalent in smoking, family history of Usia, jenis kelamin, BMI, merokok,
management service al Study degree, male cardiologists CVD and comorbidities riwayat keluarga CVD dan
of cardiologis hospital than in females are well-known risk Komorbiditas adalah faktor risiko
hypertension ts were level, body (p<0.001) (table 3). factors for hypertension. yang terkenal untuk hipertensi. sion,
in Chinese surveyed mass index More male sion, adherence to kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan dan
cardiologists (BMI), cardiologists were medication and/or / atau mencapai target tekanan
(CCHS): a Lokasi = smoking taking achieving blood pressure darah.33-35 Aboyans et al11
multicenter, 2441 and antihypertensive targets.33-35 Aboyans et menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran dan
large-scale hospitals comorbiditi drugs (33.5% vs al11 showed that smoking manajemen strategi berhenti
cross- across es 28.8%, p<0.001), cessation awareness and merokok egies di antara perokok
sectional China but more female management strategies ahli jantung Prancis rendah. Dalam
study cardiologists among smokers of French penelitian ini, usia, jenis kelamin,
achieved the target cardiologists was low. In BMI, merokok dan keluarga riwayat
blood pressure this study, age, gender, CVD dikaitkan dengan risiko
(44.3% vs 39.8%, BMI, smoking and family memiliki hipertensi, dengan risiko
p=0.036). history of CVD were at tidak minum obat anti obat
risk of having blood hipertensi dan dengan risiko tidak
Table 4 shows pressure, with the risk of tercapainya target tekanan darah.
that hypertension not having the risk of Bahkan jika usia, jenis kelamin dan
was more antihypertensive drugs and biditas adalah faktor risiko yang
prevalent in the the risk of not achieving tidak dapat dimodifikasi, mereka
older age groups the blood pressure target. dapat membantu mengidentifikasi
(p<0.001). The Even if age, gender and ahli jantung yang membutuhkan
highest propor- bidity are undetermined lebih banyak upaya untuk
tions of risk factors, they can help menemukan perawatan
cardiologists taking find specialists who need kardiovaskular yang tepat. Hal ini
antihypertensive more effort to find the didukung oleh penelitian
drugs were found right cardiovascular sebelumnya di berbagai populasi
in the 50–59 treatment. This is
(42.0%) and 60–69 supported by previous
(48.8%) years age studies in various
groups. The populations
highest proportions
 of cardiologists
reaching the target
blood pressure
were found in the
20–29 (48.4%), 30–
39 (43.6%) and 40–
49 (41.7%) years
age groups. Online
supplementary
tables S2 and S3
show

that similar
patterns were
observed when the
analyses

were performed by
gender.

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25. Prevalence Populasi = Cross · Self Care In multivariate Low salt diet (30.5%) self- BAB 6
and Patient at Section Practice logistic regression, care practice, physical Praktik perawatan diri diet rendah
predictors of Jimma al Study · Self normal weight activity (44.9%), drug use garam (30,5%), fisik aktivitas
self care University Efficacy patients were 1.82 (61.9%) and body weight (44,9%), penggunaan obat (61,9%)
practices Specialize · times more likely management (56.9%) is dan berat badan manajemen
among d Hospital. Medication to adhere medi- low while self-care (56,9%) rendah sedangkan praktik
hypertensive Adherence cation usage practices non-alcoholic perawatan diri tiket penggunaan
patients Lokasi = · Low-salt practice than over and non-smoking use non-alkohol dan non-merokok
at Jimma Ethiopia diet weight respondents tickets are good. Self- bagus. Self-efficacy adalah
University · Physical (AOR = 1.822, efficacy is an independent prediktor independen dari SCP
Specialized activity 95% CI 1.073– predictor of low SCP salt rendah diet garam dan manajemen
Hospital, · Non- 3.093). diet and weight berat badan. Perempuan mandiri-
Southwest Smoker However, management. independent prediktor independen dari non-
Ethiopia: · Alkohol participants of woman- independent merokok.
cross- · Weight poor self-efficacy predictor of non-smoking.
sectional management (AOR = 0.407,
study · Social 95% CI 0.227–
support 0.730) were less
· likely to adhere
Knowledge medication usage
· Urban than participants of
Residence good self-efficacy.
Participants who
get greater social
support were 2.81
times (AOR =
2.811, 95% CI
1.209–6.534) more
likely adherent to
low salt diet than
their counterparts.
Female were 3.63
time more likely
to non-smoking
than male (AOR =
3.626, 95% CI
1.211–10.851).
Respondents having
adequate knowledge
of hyper-tension
were 2.58 times
more likely (AOR
= 2.585, 95% CI
1.125–5.940) to
adhere practicing
physical activity.

However, female
(AOR = 0.517, 95%
CI 0.301–0.887).
respondents were
less likely to
adhere physical
activity than male.
Normal weight
respondents were
2.22 times more
likely (AOR =
2.219, 95% CI
1.218–4.043) to
practice weight
management.
Besides, having
good self-efficacy
were 2.60 times
more likely (AOR =
2.584, 95% CI
1.411–
 4.731) to maintain
their weight than
poor self-efficacy
(Table 3).

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26. Knowledge Populas Desc Sociode 4.1.1. As shown above and BAB 6
on i = 384 riptiv mographi Sociodemographi mentioned by different
Hypertension HTN e c c Characteristics literatures, Seperti yang ditunjukkan di atas
and Self-Care patient Cros dan disebutkan oleh literatur
variables of Hypertensive
Practice s understanding the level yang berbeda, memahami tingkat
among Adult Secti and Patients. *e
knowled response rate of of patients knowledge pengetahuan pasien tentang
Hypertensive onal
Patients at Lokasi Stud ge level the study was on hypertension and its kebersihan hipertensi dan
University of = y with self- 100%. *e self-care measures are tindakan perawatan diri
Gondar care median age of an important merupakan hal yang penting
Univers
Comprehensi the participants topik yang akan dibahas untuk
ity of topic to be addressed to
ve practice mengisi kesenjangan pengobatan.
Gondar was 56 years (SD
Specialized fill treatment gaps. the saat ini Studi menunjukkan
Compre ±13.6). Most of
Hospital, current
hensive the respondents, bahwa keterlibatan pasien dalam
Ethiopia,
Speciali 178 (46.4%), perawatan sendiri dapat
2019 study points out that the
zed membawa hasil klinis yang baik.
were within the patient’s involvement in
 age group of
Hospita 41–60 years. their own care can bring akan memiliki dampak untuk
l, Majority of the good clinical outcome. mencegah komplikasi terkait
Ethiopi is will have an impact hipertensi dan kematian.
a respondents, 139
(36.2%), 266 to avert hypertension-
(69.3%), and 255 related complication
(66.4%), were and mortality.
housewife, lived
in urban
area, and
married,
respectively. A
large proportion
of the
study
participants, 303
(78.9%), had no
family history of
hypertension
(Table 1). 4.1.2.
Knowledge of
Hypertensive
Patients about
Hypertension. *e
majority, 365
(92.4%) and 379
(98.7%),
reported that
hypertension is a
serious disease
and regular
check-ups
are important,
respectively. But,
144 (37.5%) of
the
respondents were
not aware about
the normal BP
level. Most of
the respondents,
305 (79.4%) and
339 (88.3%),
were aware of
about the
negative impact
of smoking of
cigarette and
alcohol drinking,
respectively.
Around half of
the re-
spondents,
188 (49%), knew
diets that consist
of low-fat milk
and whole wheat
bread (Table 2).
Two hundred
fifteen (56%)
(95% CI: 51%,
60.7%) of
participants
scored median
and above and
considered
having
good knowledge
towards
hypertension,
while 169
(44%)
(95% CI: 39.3%,
49.0%) scored
below the
median and
considered
having poor
knowledge
(Figure 1). 4.1.3.
Self-Care
Practice among
the Respondents.
Of the study
participants, 228
(59.4%) (95%
CI: 54.9%,
64.6%) had
good self-care
practice, while
156 (40.6%)
(95% CI: 35.4%,
45.1%) had
poor self-care
practice. In terms
of the six do-
mains of self-
care practice,
261 (68%), 266
(69.3%), and 81
(21.1%) had
adherence to
medication, low-
salt diet, and
physical
activity,
respectively
(Table 3). In the
cross-tabulation
of self-care
practice with
knowledge level,
 a higher
frequency of
good self-care
practice
was observed
among those who
had good hyper-
tension
knowledge

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27. Exploring Populasi = Cross occupational The outcome for this The most significant BAB 6
Predictors 94 African Sectional status, study was information contribution of this Kontribusi yang paling signifikan
American Study income, use. Demographic
of women education, factors were entered study was the dari penelitian ini adalah
Informatio with information at Step identification of identifikasi berbagi informasi
n Use to hypertensio seeking, 1, explaining 4% of information sharing as sebagai prediktor yang signifikan
Self- n who attitude, the variance in a significant predictor of dari penggunaan informasi.
attended the social norms, information use. After
Manage church and entry of information information use. The Mayoritas sampel berpartisipasi
Blood conference. information seeking at majority of the sample dalam beberapa bentuk berbagi
Pressure in Inclusion sharing Step 2, the total participated in some informasi. Ini mungkin sebagian
Midwester criteria variance explained by form of information karena fakta bahwa perempuan
were: (a) the model as a whole
n African age 18 was 15%, F (4, 82) = sharing. This may be dalam sampel kemungkinan
American years of age 3.47, p = . due in part to the fact memiliki jaringan yang tersedia
or older, (b) 01. After entry of the
Women diagnosed individual factors at that women in the untuk berbagi informasi (gereja
with with high Step 3, the total sample likely had an mereka). Hal ini mirip dengan
Hypertensi blood variance explained by available network to temuan lain yang menyoroti
on pressure or the model share information (their pentingnya memiliki jaringan
hypertensio as a whole was 20%,
n, and (c) F (6, 80) = 3.31, p church). This is similar agar dapat berpartisipasi dalam
self- = .01. After the entry to other findings that berbagi informasi.30 Ada
identified of information highlight importance of kemungkinan bahwa perempuan
as an sharing at Step belonging to a network dalam sampel cenderung
African 4, the total variance
American. explained by the in order to be able to melaporkan berbagi informasi
model as a whole was participate in karena mereka berusaha
Lokasi = 36%, F (7, 79) = 6.29, information sharing.30 memenuhi kebutuhan psikososial:
United p < .001. It is possible that the merasa tenang atau memahami
States As shown in Table
IV, information women in the sample pengalaman orang lain dengan
sharing was were likely to report hipertensi. Selain itu, berbagi
statistically information sharing informasi dengan orang lain dapat
significant variable in because they were memperdalam pembelajaran
the final
model (beta = .46, p < attempting to meet peserta mengenai informasi
.001). psychosocial needs: manajemen tekanan darah.
The final model feeling reassured or Interaksi dengan informasi
suggests that the understanding other's tekanan darah dan satu sama lain
information sharing
was the best predictor experience with juga bisa menjadi waktu yang
to explain hypertension. tepat bagi perempuan untuk
information use to Additionally, it is mengidentifikasi profesional
self-manage blood possible that sharing kesehatan yang terpercaya,
pressure. This means
that women who information with others khususnya jika perawatan
reported deepened participants' tambahan diperlukan (panduan
sharing blood
pressure information learning regarding blood tentang bagaimana membuat
with others were pressure management perubahan gaya hidup, memulai
almost twice as likely
to report using information. terapi pengobatan).36,37
information to self- Interactions with blood Eksplorasi potensi motivasi untuk
manage their blood pressure information berbagi informasi diperlukan
pressure. Initially, and each other could karena dapat memandu
information seeking
and subjective also be an opportune pengembangan intervensi. Studi
norms were time to for the women to kualitatif sebelumnya
significant in identify trusted mengidentifikasi hubungan antara
explaining healthcare pencarian, berbagi, dan
information use.
However, once professionals, penggunaan informasi di antara
information sharing specifically if additional komunitas berisiko tinggi lainnya
was entered into the care is needed (guidance (pria Afrika-Amerika) dengan
model, information on how to make lifestyle penyakit kronis yang berbeda
seeking and
subjective norms changes, initiating (HIV).30 Sepengetahuan kami,
were no longer medication kami adalah tim pertama yang
significant. Attitude, therapy).36,37 mengidentifikasi berbagi
income, occupational Exploration of potential informasi sebagai prediktor
status, and education
were not significant motivations for penggunaan informasi di antara
explanatory variables information sharing is wanita Afrika Amerika dengan
in this model necessary as it can guide hipertensi. Temuan memperluas
intervention pekerjaan sebelumnya dengan
development. Previous menunjukkan kekuatan asosiasi
qualitative studies secara kuantitatif. Studi tambahan
identified relationships diperlukan untuk melanjutkan
among information pemeriksaan perilaku informasi
seeking, sharing, and pada populasi ini, serta kelompok
use among another ras lain dan populasi dengan
high-risk community penyakit kronis yang berbeda
(African American men)
with a different chronic
illness (HIV).30 To our
knowledge, we are the
first team to identify
information sharing as a
predictor of information
use among African
American women with
hypertension. The
findings extend prior
work by demonstrating
the strength of the
association
quantitatively.
Additional studies are
needed to continue
examination information
behaviors in this
population, as well as
other racial groups and
populations with
different chronic
illnesses
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28. Self- Populasi = Cross- Self Of the 200 Hypertension control is BAB 6
management 200 sectiona management hypertensive good in older people Kontrol hipertensi baik pada orang
approaches hypertensi l Study residents recruited under nursing home care, tua di bawah perawatan panti
among ve age, gender, in this study, 124 which could jompo, siapa yang bisa
hypertensive residents ethnicity, (62%) had their berhubungan dengan tingkat
residents in and 30 body mass blood be attributed to their level pengetahuannya, sikap dan persepsi
nursing caregivers index and of knowledge, kronis ini penyakit. Pengembangan
homes in from 24 level of pressure within the attitude and perception of sebuah pendidikan program yang
Malaysia nursing education normal range, this chronic melibatkan residen hipertensi dan
homes while 76 (38%) disease. The development pengasuh mereka di panti jompo
Lokasi = residents were of an educational akan berguna dalam meningkatkan
Kuala categorised into the program involving manajemen diri hipertensi pada
Lumpur uncontrolled blood hypertensive residents populasi.
and pressure group and
Selangor, (Table 1). The their caregivers in nursing
Malaysia average blood homes would be
pressure was 134 beneficial in improving
mmHg systolic the self-management of
and 78 mmHg hypertension in the
diastolic. The residents
majority of
residents (91.5%, n
= 113) did not
remember their
last blood pressure
reading. In this
study, factors like
age, gender,
ethnicity,
body mass index
and level of
education were
associated with
blood pressure
control (p >
0.05). About 58.5%
(n = 117) of the
residents
were prescribed
with one
antihypertensive
drug and 59% (n =
108) of the residents
had at least
one co-morbidity,
specifically diabetes
mellitus,
hyperlipidaemia or
heart disease. Less
than half of the
residents (46.5%, n
= 93) reported
exercising regularly,
and the mean
exercise frequency
was 5 times per
week. Almost all
of the residents
(91.5%, n = 183)
agreed about
the importance of
a healthy diet in
managing their
hypertension.

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29. The impact Populasi = Random Demographi The baseline The results of this study BAB 6
of hypertensi ized c characteristics such showed that using the Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan
educational ve (BP ≥ controll characteristi
as age, weight, participatory method of bahwa dengan menggunakan
intervention 140/90 ed trial. c BMI, BP and education based on metode pendidikan partisipatif
principals of chronic disease
on self-care mm Hg) biochemical berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip
self-management
behaviors in 18 at Self- variables (P > manajemen diri penyakit kronis
among hypertensive women
overweight least in efficacy, 0.050) can improve the self- antara wanita hipertensi dapat
hypertensive recent 6 some self- except cholesterol efficacy, physical activity, meningkatkan self- khasiat,
women: A months, management (P = 0.046) and healthy nutrition, and aktivitas fisik, nutrisi sehat, dan
randomized being on behaviors LDL (P = 0.009) reduces BP. mengurangi BP.
control trial medication before as shown at table
, 1. Before Similar to the results of
having a intervention, total Park et al.12 and Jung
body mass self- and Lee,26 our results
index efficacy, healthy showed significant
improvement in self-
(BMI) ≥ nutrition, and
efficacy, physical activity,
25 kg/m2, physical activity and
being in have healthy nutrition after
the 30-65 not significant educational intervention.
age range, difference in the Therefore, control of
willing to control and behavior more efficient using
take part intervention groups this strategy as a key
in the (P > 0.050) (Table construct to boost of self-care
survey, 2). behavior in educational
lacking the As shown in table 2, programs. Physical activity
ability to a significant in the intervention group
improved significantly
walk, difference is in
during follow ups. This
having no the mean of self- result is similar to another
serious efficacy between behavioral interventions
diseases the groups study.27 Studies have
such as (P < 0.001) and shown inactivity elevated
diabetes or follow-up time (P < hypertension prevalence
hypothyroi 0.001). So that as 5-12%28 and adherence to
dism or the mean of self- the physical activity is
severe efficacy improve recommended to control of
complicati immediately after hypertension.29 The
ons. The intervention and 6 rate of physical activity in
the subjects of our
patients months later in
research was very low and
who comparison to the significant difference
preferred control group after was nearly according to the
not to adjusting for related studies.
continue baseline.
or were Siu et al.27 and Obarzanek
absent for fter adjusting for et al.31 studies showed
more than age, LDL, and benefits of these programs in
2 cholesterol physical activity, healthy
sessions showed there is diet and weight loss in
were not significant Chines population.
difference in the However,
excluded
our results demonstrated an
from the mean of healthy
increase of adherence to a
study. nutrition between healthy diet was notable in
two groups the intervention group,
Lokasi = (P = 0.250). although it was not
Isfahan, Although the mean effective to weight loss. It
Iran of healthy nutrition seems
increases in the this difference was due to
intervention group stretching exercise. Our
immediately participants recommended to
after intervention focus more on
(P < 0.001) and stretching exercises than
aerobic exercises. While
decreases after
other
6 months in the studies have shown sports
intervention group which involve big muscles
so that this are effective in weight loss.
improvement is not The reason of doing more
a sustainable stretching exercises in our
change after study may be related to
6 months. comorbidities such as
Furthermore, this arthritis and back pain
difference between preferred
to do this type of activity.
before intervention
Other self-management
and 6 months later studies have pointed to
is not increase of healthy
significant in the nutrition after participation
intervention group in
(P > 0.050). the self-management
Results showed programs as an outcome.32
there is not any Hence, increases of exercise,
significant as well as adherence to
difference between DASH, are different
the mean of healthy strategies to effect on one
special group of hypertensive
nutrition in
patients,29,33,34
different times in designing a combined
control group. intervention could be
Freidman test considered in educational
shows that there is intervention.
a significant
difference in
physical activity
between two
groups
after follow-up (P <
0.001). So that the
intervention
group immediately
after intervention
have a higher
average of
physical activity
than the control
group
(P < 0.001).
Although there is
not any significant
differences
between
immediately after
intervention
and 6 months later
in terms of
physical activity in
the intervention
group (P = 0.120)
(Table 2).
Before intervention,
there was not any
significant
difference between
the mean of
systolic
BP between two
groups (0.148). As
shown in table 3,
results show that
there is a
significant
difference
between systolic
BP of intervention
and control
group overall (P =
0.045)
Trend of these
changes is
significant in two
groups
too (P < 0.001) so
that systolic BP
decrease as 7
mmHg in the
intervention group,
while this decrease
is
3 mmHg in control
group after 6
months (P < 0.001).
After adjusting for
age, LDL, and
cholesterol
show, there is a
significant
difference in
diastolic BP
between the groups
(P = 0.010) and
follow-up time
in the intervention
group (P = 0.013).
The changes
of diastolic BP in
control group is not
significant at
follow-up time
(Table 3).
Before intervention,
the control and
intervention
groups are not
significantly
different in the
mean of
weight (P <
0.674).
Furthermore, there
is not any
significant
difference in weight
between two groups
(P = 0.461).
Although there was
a decreasing trend
in the mean of
weight in two
groups, this change
is
not a significant
(Table 3
 https://
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30. Development Populasi = Cross medication, In a cross-sectional The Dimension of BAB 6
and 203 Section weight study applied to follow-up consisted of Dimensi tindak lanjut terdiri
evaluation of patients al Study management exploratory factor regular visit to the dari kunjungan rutin ke dokter,
the with HTN , physical analysis, 203
doctor, undergo menjalani tes yang
psychometric activity, patients with HTN
properties of Lokasi = tobacco completed the recommended test, and direkomendasikan, dan
a Isfahan, exposure, questionnaire of having someone's blood pengukuran tekanan darah
hypertension Iran alcohol which 101 (49.8%) pressure is measured seseorang secara teratur.
self-care intake, and are women with a regularly. Dimensi gaya hidup sehat
questionnaire healthy diet mean age of 62.72 terdiri dari mengikuti pola
± 10.48 years and Dimensions of A hidup sehat diet rendah garam,
102 are men with a healthy lifestyle mengontrol berat badan, latihan
mean age 64 ± 8.98 consists of following a
years. The patient fisik, dan Menghindari stres.
healthy lifestyle low
has a minimum age
37 years and a salt diet, weight control, Dimensi mempromosikan
maximum of 82 physical exercise, and kualifikasi yang terdiri dari
years. KMO the Avoid stress. peningkatan
value of 0.829 and pengetahuan tentang hipertensi
the Bartlett test the dan pengobatannya,
value of sphericity mengajukan pertanyaan untuk
(P < 0.001) for the lebih memahami penyakit dan
questionnaire Dimension promote
rekomendasi medis, manfaat
indicates that the qualifications consisting
factor analysis can dukungan keluarga dan medis,
of upgrading
be used for these dan keakraban dengan pusat
data. Result of self- knowledge about HTN rujukan dan dukungan untuk
care factor analysis and its treatment, ask pasien hipertensi.
16 items questions to better
questionnaire using Terapi dimensi obat terdiri dari
understand the disease
orthogonal 25 pengadaan obat yang tepat
equamax rotation and medical
recommendations, waktu, dan kepatuhan terhadap
revealed 5
dimensions for the benefits of family and rekomendasi dari dokter dan
questionnaire, medical support, and tim medis tentang ketepatan
which including familiarity with referral waktu, dosis dan penyimpanan
follow-up (3 items), obat.
centers and support for
healthy lifestyle (5
items), promote hypertensive patients.
Dimensi terakhir terdiri dari
qualification (4
mengikuti anjuran tim medis
items), drug therapy
(2 items), and the tentang berhenti/tidak merokok
The dimension of dan minum alkohol,
following:
recommendation (2 medication therapy menghindari perokok pasif, dan
items). consists of timely menjaga tekanan darah di
procurement bawah 140/90 sesuai anjuran
medications, and dokter.
adherence to
recommendations from
doctors and medical
team on appropriate
 timing, dosage and
storage from drugs.

The last dimension

consists of follow the
recommendations of the
medical team about
quitting/not smoking
and drinking, avoid
passive smoking, and
maintain it blood
pressure below 140/90
as recommended by the
doctors.

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 Judul Jurnal Populasi Metode Variabel Hasil Kutipan Resume untuk
No. dan Lokasi BAB

31. Association of Populasi = Descriptive, - Clinical Daily vegetables Observed Bab VI

lifestyle Patients cross- - Sociodemogra and fruits intake suboptimal BP (Pembahasan)
modification (n=229) sectional phic and were linked to control despite
and diagnosed randomly lifestyle lower BP, HR and pharmacological Pengendalian
pharmacologic with selected - Food intake BMI (p<0.05). adherence tekanan darah
al adherence on primary respondents and dietary Intake of foods suggests lifestyle dikaitkan dengan
blood pressure hypertensio patterns high in saturated modification is penuaan, jenis
control among n for at - Anthropometri fat and cholesterol needed besides kelamin wanita,
patients with least 6 c were associated antihypertensive makanan cepat saji,
hypertension at months. - Adherence to with raised HR medication dan asupan lemak
Kenyatta anti- (p<0.05). hewani. Alkohol dan
National Lokasi = hypertensive Respondents on merokok terjadi pada
Hospital, Medical medications antihypertensive laki-laki dengan
Kenya: a cross- wards and - Knowledge on medication, those kontrol BP buruk.
sectional study outpatient hypertension engaged in healthy Asupan sayuran dan
clinic of a and its lifestyle and took buah-buahan setiap
national management their prescribed hari dikaitkan dengan
referral medications had kontrol BP yang
hospital in lower mean BPs baik. Meskipun
Kenya than those on kepatuhan
medication only farmakologis
(138/85 vs menunjukkan hal
140/90). baik, modifikasi gaya
hidup diperlukan.
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32. Uncontrolled among Hospital - Socio- Prevalence of Non-adherence to Bab VI

hypertension adult based cross- demographic uncontrolled anti-hypertensive (Pembahasan)
and associated hypertensiv sectional - Clinical hypertension was medications,
factors among e patients study design characteristics found 52.5%. overweight, Hipertensi tidak
adult attending Simple of Patients Overweight comorbidity, non- terkontrol berkaitan
hypertensive in Ayder random - Behavioral (AOR = 4.527, adherence to dengan kepatuhan
patients in comprehen sampling practices 95% CI: 2.247 physical exercise pasien terhadap
Ayder sive - Uncontrolled 9.123), and non- pengobatan
comprehensive specialized hypertension comorbidity adherence to antihipertensi, latihan
specialized hospital (AOR = 2.112, alcohol fisik dan pantang
hospital, 95% CI: 1.218– abstinence were alkohol harus
Tigray, 3.662), non- the independent dimaksimalkan.
Ethiopia, 2018 adherence to anti- predictors of Penurunan berat
hypertensive uncontrolled badan dan
medication (AOR hypertension identifikasi dini serta
= 2.062, 95% pengelolaan penyakit
CI:1.030–4.129), penyerta juga
non-adherence to penting.
physical activity
(AOR = 1.931,
95% CI: 1.074–
3.470) and non-
adherence to
 alcohol
abstinence (AOR
= 2.093, 95% CI:
1.109–3.948).

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33. Adherence to Populasi = descriptive - adherence to Out of the 300 The rate of Bab VI
Lifestyle hypertensiv cross- lifestyle participants, adherence to (Pembahasan)
Modification e clients at sectional modification 72.0% of the lifestyle
among Juaso study - hypertensive participants were modification Tingkat kepatuhan
Hypertensive district patients adherent to among modifikasi gaya
Clients: A hospital → lifestyle hypertensive hidup pada pasien
Descriptive 300 modification. The patients was hipertensi cukup
Cross- respondent level of education high tinggi. Faktor sosio-
Sectional Study s (p < 0.0001), demografi seperti
marital status (p tingkat pendidikan,
Lokasi = in < 0.0001) and status perkawinan
the Ashanti duration of dan durasi penyakit
Region disease (p < secara signifikan
of Ghana. 0.0001) mempengaruhi
statistically tingkat kepatuhan
significant secara umum.
influenced the
general rate of
 adherence.

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34. Analysis of Populasi = Cross- - Knowledge From chi-square There is a Bab VI

Factors Related patients sectional - family analysis test was significant (Pembahasan)
to Self with support obtained relationship
Management hypertensio Purposive - self-efficacy significant between self - Perilaku manajemen
Behavior n in sampling - self- relationship efficacy with diri seperti
(SMB) in working management between SMB in patients perubahan gaya
Hypertensive area of behavior knowledge, with hidup, kontrol
Patients Batua (SMB) in family support, hypertension in tekanan darah,
Makassar patients with and self-efficacy Batua Makassar. modifikasi diet dan
hypertension with SMB in the aktivitas fisik.
Lokasi = in Batua patients with Perilaku manajemen
Batua Makassar. hypertension in diri berhubungan
Makassar Batua Makassar dengan tingkat
(p-value 0.001, pengetahuan,
0.000, 0.000). dukungan keluarga,
dan efikasi diri.
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35. Hypertension Hypertensi Cross- - Hypertension The mean score for Factors Bab VI
self-care ve patients sectional - Self care hypertension self- associated with (Pembahasan)
practice and in public study practice care was 37.7 ± 8.2 hypertension
associated health and 51% scored self-care practice Faktor yang
factors among facilities in below the mean. are marital berhubungan
patients in Dessie Divorced participants status, education, dengan praktik
public town, (p-value < 0.01) and source of self- perawatan diri
health facilities Ethiopia. those who lack care information, hipertensi adalah
of Dessie town, source of place for status perkawinan,
Ethiopia information (p-value exercise, social pendidikan,
< 0.01) were less support, and sumber informasi
likely to have good self-care agency perawatan diri,
self-care practice. tempat
But, participants who berolahraga,
had convenient place dukungan sosial,
for exercise (p-value dan lembaga
< 0.01), who had perawatan diri
good social support
(p-value < 0.01),
who had traditional
clergy-based
teaching (p-value <
0.05), and who had
 good self-care
agency (p-value <
0.05) were more
likely to have good
self-care practice.

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36. Adherence to The Cross- - Adherence to Overweight and A better Bab VI

treatment and participants sectional treatment and obesity was declared communication (Pembahasan)
evaluation of were recruited study evaluation of in 42.2% and 35.3%, between patients
disease and randomly disease and respectively. Only and their physicians, Peserta ditemukan
therapy from patients therapy 52.6% of participants the use of a special patuh terhadap
knowledge in visiting - Knowledge reported visiting container for pengobatan, dan
lebanese outpatient hypertension their physicians for medication kelupaan disebut
hypertensive clinics located regular checkups, packaging, and sebagai alasan
patients in hospitals, and 72% claimed reminder to refill utama
community checking their BP prescriptions are ketidakpatuhan
and hospital routinely at home. important terhadap terapi
pharmacies However, our results parameters to
and from showed that 89.2% enhance adherence Meningkatkan
private of the participants to treatment. HT can kepatuhan
cardiology were found to be be better managed if pengobatan. HT
clinics located adherent to an educational dapat dikelola
in Baabda, in treatment, and system is dengan lebih baik
 the forgetfulness was implemented to jika pendidikan
Governorate cited as the main increase awareness. diterapkan untuk
of Mount reason for non- meningkatkan
Lebanon adherence to therapy. kesadaran.
Only health coverage
showed statistical
significance (p=0.01)
between adherent
and non-adherent
participants.

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37. Understanding Participants A directed - Non- The reasons Several factors at Bab VI
Non-Adherence to were qualitative adherence to affecting adherence various levels (Pembahasan)
Treatment in composed of content treatment to hypertension including
Hypertension: A 35 patients analysis - Hypertension treatment were individual, family, Beberapa faktor di
Qualitative Study afflicted with approach. analyzed in three and community are berbagai tingkatan
hypertension Using general categories known to affect termasuk individu,
and 3 purposeful and of predisposing, adherence to keluarga, dan
cardiologist in heterogeneous enabling and hypertension masyarakat
the form of in- method reinforcing factors treatment. Diversity mempengaruhi
depth based on the model of these reasons is kepatuhan pengobatan
interviews and structures. an indication for hipertensi.
focused group increasing the Keragaman alasan ini
 discussions, patients’ awareness, merupakan indikasi
Tehran Iran. empowerment and untuk meningkatkan
self-efficacy is kesadaran pasien,
necessary. pemberdayaan dan
efikasi diri.

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38. Evaluation of Hypertensive cross- - medication The mean Medication Bab VI

medication patients who sectional stud adherence Medication adherence of (Pembahasan)
adherence in were - hypertensive Adherence Self- hypertensive
hypertensive admitted to patients Efficacy Scale score patients included in Kepatuhan pasien
patients and Akdogan was found to be this study was found dalam minum obat
influential factors Health Center 70.29 ± 8.52. Age, to be satisfactory. It antihipertensi dalam
duration of HT, the was also found that penelitian ini
frequency of follow- age, duration of HT, dianggap memuaskan.
up visit for HT, the taking medication Juga ditemukan
status of taking regularly and use of bahwa usia, durasi
medication alternative methods HT, minum obat
regularly, the were the factors secara teratur dan
frequency of blood leading to penggunaan metode
pressure differences in the alternatif adalah
measurement and adherence levels of faktor yang
the status of the patients to the menyebabkan
alternative method medication. perbedaan kepatuhan
 use were found to tingkat pasien
be effective in terhadap obat
medication
adherence.

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No Judul Populasi dan Metode Variabel Hasil Kutipan Resume untuk BAB
. Jurnal Lokasi

39 Sixty adult Quasi- Pengetahuan Program HTN, BAB 1 (Pendahuluan)

Effect patients of experi pasien ini also
both sexes mental dengan efektif known as HTN atau yang juga diketahui dengan
of
divided researc perilaku self untuk high tekanan darah tinggi memiliki efek pada
nursin
equally into 2 h management meningk blood jutaan orang di dunia.
g
teachi groups study design atkan pressure
BAB 2
ng and control pengetah (BP),
progra group (thirty uan affects Etiologi primer dari hipertensi adalah
m on for each) → pasien millions herediter, lingkungan, kebiasaan dan pola
knowl department of serta of people; makan.
edge internal kebiasaa
medicine, n self Recomme BAB 7 (Kesimpulan dan Saran)
and
ndations;
self-
outpatient manage education Rekomendasi; program edukasional akan
manag
patient ment al self-management hypertension harus di
ement
program rencanakan dan di berikan kepada pasien
behavi Assiut should be secara berkala
ors for University planned
patient Hospital and
s
offered to
with
patients
essenti
on regular
al
basis.
hypert
ension The
primary
causes of
essential
hypertens
ion
include
heredity,
environm
ent,
habits,
and
dietary
history;
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40 Populasi: Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Bab 2:

Bedtime :a
hypertensio Pria dan multice Demografi ,k Terjadi Such Pemberian obat di waktu yang berbeda
Wanita ntre, arakteristik penuruna administr memberikan efek menurunkan hipertensi
n treatment
spanyol yang controll klinis pasien, n tekanan ation-time karena pengaruh irama sikardian baik di
improves memiliki ras pemeriksaan darah difference farmakokinetik,farmakodinamik serta
ed,
cardiovascu kaukasia laboratorium saat ingin s in the mekanisme regulasi tekanan darah.
PROB
lar risk berusia >18 E dan tidur effects of
reduction: tahun, telah (prospe pemeriksaan BP-
diberi ctive, tekanan lowering
 informed random darah di medicatio
the Hygia consent untuk ized, kedua waktu ns arise
Chronother kriteria inklusi, open- (saat from
apy Trial dimana label, beraktivitas circadian
individu blinded dan saat rhythm-
tersebut endpoi ingin tidur) dependent
memiliki nt) influences
aktivitas di both on
siang hari dan their
memiliki pharmaco
jadwal tidur di kinetics
malam hari and
dan pharmaco
terdiagnosa dynamics
hipertensi as well as
on the
Lokasi: mechanis
ms of BP
Spanyol
regulation
.
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41 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:

Lokasi: :
Predictors of perceived Hasil Affecting BAB 1 (Pendahuluan)
Self- Partispan Multipl stress was mengindi 1 in 3
Management berusia 63-96 e linear measured kasikan adults, its HT dimiliki di 1 dari 3 orang dewasa,
dengan usia regressi using the self- prevalenc prevalensinya meningkat tanpa mengenal
Behaviors in
rerata 77 tahun on Perceived manage e rises usia, terutama pada usia 60 tahun keatas
Older Adults
using Stress Scale ment across all
with Lokasi: Studi membuktikan bahwa dengan
the (PSS4), bahwa age-
Hypertension mengadopsi self-management behaviors
stepwis social terdapat specific
Kota besar pada orang dewasa, bahkan lansia
e support was karakteri categories
area timur laut sekalipun tekanan darah yang lebih
method measured stik ,
rendah dapat dicapai.
using the umum particularl
Duke Social akan y those
Support keingina aged 60
Index n untuk and older
(DSSI), mengontr
stage of ol Studies
change tekanan demonstr
 (SOC) was darah, ate it is
measured membaca possible
using the label for adults,
SOC for makanan, including
physical dan older
activity, and pemeriks adults, to
adherence to aan achieve
the DASH sendiri lower
diet plan was akan blood
measured kesehata pressure
using the n by
DASH Food adopting
Frequency self-
Questionnair managem
e (DASH ent
FFQ). behaviors
.

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a gojr.com
/
journalsearch.php?q=21100230018&tip=sid&clean=0
42 Acute and Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
Chronic Lokasi:48 :
effects of dengan Bebas: Bagaima PEH BAB 6 Pembahasan:
aerobic hipertensi Rando olahraga napun, could
mized aerobic masih occur due Post hypertension hypotension dapat
exercise on melakukan
controll belum to muncul akibat penurunan pada resistensi
blood olahraga
ed Terikat: jelas alteration vaskular perifer dan/ cardiac output,
pressure in aerobic dengan
clinical tekanan apakah s in meningkatkan bioavaibilitas vasodilator,
resistant intensitas yang
trial. darah olahraga diverse menurunnya aktifitas saraf simpatis,
hypertensio berbeda-beda
dapat mechanis meningkatnya modulasi parasimpatis dan
n: Study dan di hari
menghasi ms such meingkatnya sensitivitas barorefleks
protocol to yang berbeda-
Randomize beda lkan hal as
d yang reduced
Controlled lebih peripheral
Clinical baik pada vascular
Trial pasien resistance
dengan and/or
hipertens cardiac
i output
[5–7],
increased
vasodilato
r
bioavaila
bility [6,
8, 9],
reduced
sympathet
 ic nerve
activity,
increased
parasymp
athetic
modulatio
n and
improved
baroreflex
sensitivity

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43 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:

Exercise in lokasi: :
patients Terikat: Terdapat No BAB 2:
150 pasien parallel hipertensi 37 difference
with Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan
hipertensi, design partisipa was
hypertensio Brazil random Bebas: n yang found in, pada tekanan darah, berat badan dan
n and ized olahraga memiliki BP, body profil lipid diantara 2 grup.
 controll kedatang weight, or Seluruh parameter kesehatan dapat
chronic ed an lipid dimodifikasi dengan aktivitas fisik
kidney clinical setidakny profile sehingga dapat menurunkan faktor risiko
disease: a tria a 70% changes penyakit cardiovascular salah satunya
untuk between adalah hipertensi
randomized
sesi the
controlled
olahraga groups
trial dan tidak
tampak All the
perubaha health
n yang parameter
signifika s
n modified
by
Sehingga physical
membutu activity in
hkan this study
penelitia are
n lebih cardiovas
lanjut cular
disease
risk
factors,
the
leading
cause of
death in
individual
 s

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44 Aerobic Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
versus lokasi:75 :
isometric pasien prospec Terikat: Olahraga Aerobic BAB 7 (kesimpulan dan saran):
handgrip hipertensi tive, Hipertensi Isometric exercise,
handgrip even as Olahraga aerobic, meskipun tidak
exercise in random
Jerman Bebas: training, an terkontrol dan dilakukan secara teratur
hypertensio ized,
olahraga tidak uncontroll tanpa adanya pengawasan ketat, dapat
n: a controll
aerobic, mengura ed and menurunkan tekanan darah secara
randomised ed
isometric ngi unsupervi signifikan
controlled study handgrip tekanan sed BAB 2:
trial darah exercise
sedangka regimen, Pada pasien hipertensi, efek olahraga
n untuk led to a tampak jelas jika dilakukan dengan
aerobic, significan teratur. Olahraga dapat menurunkan
terdapat t tekanan darah sistolik 7-8 mmHg dan 6-7
penuruna reduction mmHg pada tekanan darah diastolik.
n tekanan of
darah ambulator
secara y and
signifika office BP
n
In
hypertens
ive
patients,
this effect
is more
pronounc
ed:
Regular
exercise
may lead
to a BP
reduction
of 7–8
mmHg
SBP and
 6–7
mmHg
DBP

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45 Rationale Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
and study lokasi: :
design of Terikat: Dengan While BAB 1 (Pendahuluan)
the 310 dewasa Rando menggun hypertens
muda dengan mized Hipertensi akan ion self- Program self-management pada
MyHEART
etnis yang controll aplikasi managem umumnya memiliki target dengan usia
study: A Bebas:
berbeda-beda ed trial MyHEA ent >50 tahun untuk mengurangi tekanan
young adult
yang memiliki RT programs darah. Teknik yang seringkali menjadi
hypertensio MyHeart
hipertensi terbukti targeted fokus adalah pengaturan pengobatan.
n self- (aplikasi
manageme yang tidak untuk terjadi towards
BAB 2:
nt terkontrol hypertension penuruna adults
randomized self n yang ≥50 years Dalam kuesioner self-management,
Lokasi:Univer signifika old
controlled management pasien mendefinisikan tekanan darah,
sity of n pada reduce
trial -kompeten tekanan darah target, serta konsekuensi
Wisconsin-
Madison untuk tekanan blood kesehatan jangka panjang.
memanajeme darah pressure
n hipertensi/ partisipa they
tidak, n primarily
motivasi dibandin focus on
untuk gkan medicatio
mengontrol dengan n
tekanan manajem titrationD
darah, en terapi efine
kepatuhan pada
minum obat, umumny blood
hasil) a pressure,
goal
blood
pressure,
long-term
health
conseque
nces
 https://

w ww.sc imagojr.co
m /

journalsearch.php?q=28200&tip=sid&clean=0
46 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
Comparing lokasi: :
the Terikat: Banyak The usual Bab 1 (Pendahuluan)
132 pasien A two- hipertensi studi care
effectivene Perawatan pasien hipertensi
hipertensi arm, meneliti includes,
ss of the berusia 30-60 parallel Bebas: efektifita measurin adalah sebagai berikut, mengukur
BPMAP tahun -design BPMAP dan s dari g the tekanan darah pasien, assesment yang
(Blood random self- aplikasi patient’s disesuaikan dengan riwayat pasien,
Tehran Heart ized management hp, BP, situasi, hasil pemeriksaan dokter
Pressure
center controll of primary memiliki necessary spesialis, resep obat dan pertimbangan-
Manageme hypertension pertimbangan medis lainnya.
ed hasil assessme
nt clinical yang nts based
Application trial positif on the
) and usual patient’s
care in self- history
and
manageme
circumsta
nt of nces, the
primary specialist
hypertensio physician
n and ’s
judgment,
adherence
medicatio
to treatment n
in patients prescripti
aged 30-60 on, and
years: study other
medical
protocol for
measures
a
47 Populasi dan Metode: Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
Effect of Lokasi:
Electronic Rando 1. usia> Terdapat Modest BAB 1 (pendahuluan):
3 group cluster mized 18 penuruna improvem
Health Peningkatan kepatuhan/pergantian
clinical tahun n ent in
Record- Lokasi: trial 2. Sudah signifika medicatio regimen minum obat tidak menjamin
Based chicago, menjal n pada n terjadinya terapi yang lebih intensif.
Medication illinois ani tekanan reconcilia
Support pengob darah tion does
atan 3 sistolik not mean
and Nurse-
bulan that
Led 3. Hipert patients
Medication ensi received
Therapy 4. Skorin more
Manageme g intensive
MINI- treatment.
nt on
Cog
Hypertensi minim
on and al 3
Medication 5. Konsu
Self- msi
obat-
manageme
obatan
nt: A di atur
Randomize oleh
d Clinical diri
Trial sendiri
6. Tidak
ada
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48 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB 7 (kesimpulan dan
Home and Lokasi: : saran):
Online HOME BP hasil Target
552 pasien Rando (Home and disebutka blood Target tekanan darah yang tercapai
Manageme Online
hipertensi mized n bahwa pressure populasinya kurang dan dengan populasi
nt and controll Management jenis levels are yang semakin meningkat, diharapkan
Evaluation Lokasi: and
ed trial kelamin, reached intervensi untuk mengontrol tekanan
Evaluation of
of Blood tekanan for less darah semakin meningkat bagi seluruh
Oxford Blood
Pressure Pressure) darah than half lapisan masyarakat
University’s
sebelum of adults,
(HOME Primary Care
hipertens and with
BP) using a Clinical Trials
i, an ageing
digital Unit
Kekuran populatio
interventio gan tidur n, novel
n in poorly merupak interventi
an ons are
controlled
penyebab required
hypertensio hipertens to
n: i improve
randomised blood
controlled pressure
control.
trial

https://www.scimagojr.com/
49 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB
Impact of Lokasi: :
self- Terikat: Mayoritas SMBP is BAB 1 (pendahuluan):
912 pasien pria Retrosp tekanan partisipan the
measured Self management blood pressure
hipertensi dan ective darah yang measurem
blood 2021 pasien cohort selalu ent of BP merupakan pengukuran tekanan darah
pressure wanita study Bebas: menambah by oleh pasien sendiri dan terbukti dapat
monitoring hipertensi membaca pengetahu patients meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan
selama periode pengetahuan an tentang themselve pasien, meningkat antusias pasien untuk
on
2016-2017 tentang hipertensi s and has sembuh dan bagi pasien yang memonitor
hypertensio hipertensi sendiri hanya memerlukan sedikit obat-
memiliki been
n Lokasi: penurunan shown to obatan.
manageme tekanan increase
Lousiana,
nt darah adherence
Amerika
sebanyak to
serikat
(17,7%) hypertens
dibanding ion
kan treatment,
dengan has
yang tidak improved
patient
engageme
nt, and
people
who self-
monitor
their BP
have
required
50 Populasi dan Metode Variabel: Hasil: Kutipan: Resume untuk BAB:
Effects of a lokasi: :
low salt Bebas: Terjadi Salt BAB 7 (Kesimpulan dan Saran):
125 pasien Rando penuruna restriction
diet on 25 pasien Pengurangan garam dapat mengurangi
hipertensi mized n tekanan could
isolates dibagi menjadi controll hipertensi darah reduce volume load, sehingga dapat menurunkan
systolic 2 kelompok ed trial dibagi pada volume tekanan darah serta dapat memberikan
hypertensio menjadi 2 partisipa load, keuntungan bagi pasien cardiovascular
Lokasi: kelompok; 1. n yang thereby hipertensi
n. A
Konsumsi mengkon lowering
community Tiongkok garam Hasil menunjukkan bahwa partisipan
sumsi BP and
-based rendah yang mengkonsumsi garam rendah
garam providing
population sodium dan sodium terjadi penurunan tekanan darah
rendah cardiovas
2. Konsumsi dibandingkan dengan partisipan yang
sodium cular
garam dapur mengkonsumsi garam dapur selama
benefits
selama 6 intervensi 6 bulan
to ISH
bulan patients

Terikat: The
hipertensi results
showed
that in the
ISH
participan
ts, the
SBP of
the
LSSalt
group
was
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