DATA COMMUNICATION
(CSE 3121)
Fundamental of Data
Communications
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Communication: sharing information. Sharing can be local
(face to face) or remote (over distance)
Telecommunication (tele: far) means communication at a
distance (telephone, television, telegraphy).
Data refers to information presented in whatever form
is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.
Data communications are the exchange of data between
two devices via some form of transmission medium such
as a wire cable.
For data communication to occur, the communicating
devices must be part of a communication system made up
of a combination of hardware (physical equipment) and
software (program)
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Effectiveness of data communication depends on :
Delivery: System must deliver data to correct
destination. Data must be received by only
intended device or user.
Accuracy: The system must deliver data
accurately
Timeliness: the system must deliver data in a
timely manner. Data delivered later are useless.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Components of Communication System
Message: The message is the information (data) to be
communicated. It can be text, number, picture,
sound, video or any combination.
Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data
message
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Components of Communication System
Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the
message.
Medium: The transmission medium is the physical
path by which a message travels from sender to
receiver. It could be twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, or radio waves
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data
communications. It represents an agreement between
the communicating devices.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Direction of Data Flow
Communication between two devices can be
Simplex
Half-duplex
Full-duplex
Simplex: The communication is unidirectional. Only one
of the two devices can transmit; the other can only
receive. Ex: Keyboard and traditional monitor are both
example of simplex devices.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Direction of Data Flow
Half-Duplex: Each station can both transmit and receive,
but not at the same time.
When one device is sending, the other can only
receive, and vice versa.
The entire capacity of a channel is taken over by
whichever of the two devices is transmitting at the
time
Ex: Walkie-talkies and citizens band radio
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Direction of Data Flow
Full-Duplex: Both stations can transmit and receive
simultaneously.
In this mode, signals going in either direction share
the capacity of the link.
Ex: Telephone network, mobile communication
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Networks
A network is a set of devices (often referred
to as nodes) connected by communication links.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other
device capable of sending and/or receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network.
A link can be a cable, air, optical fiber, or any
medium which can transport a signal carrying
information.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Network Criteria
Performance: Performance can be measured in many
ways, including transmit time and response time.
Transmit time is the amount of time required for a
message to travel from one device to another
Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry
and a response
The performance depends on the number of users,
type of transmission medium, capabilities of the
connected hardware, and the efficiency of the
software
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Network Criteria
Reliability: network reliability is measured by the
frequency of failure, the time it takes to recover from a
failure, and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe
Security: Data protection against corruption/loss of
data due to:
Errors
Malicious users (unauthorized access)
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Type of Connection:
Point-to-Point: A point-to-point connection provides
a dedicated link between two devices.
The entire capacity of the link is reserved for
transmission between those two devices
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Type of Connection:
Multipoint: A multipoint or multidrop connection is
one in which more than two specific devices share a
single link.
In multipoint environment, the capacity of the
channel is shared
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Physical Topology:
It refers to the way in which a network is laid out
physically.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Mesh: In a mesh topology, every device has a
dedicated point-to-point link to every other device.
Here, dedicated means that the link carries
traffic only between two devices it connects.
A fully connected mesh network has n(n-1)/2
physical channels to link n devices.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Star: In a star topology, each device
has a dedicated point-to-point link
only to a central controller, usually
called a hub.
The devices are not directly
linked to one another.
A star topology does not allow
direct traffic between devices. If
one device wants to send data to
another, it sends the data to the
controller, which then relays the
data to other connected device.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Bus: A bus topology is a multipoint. One long
cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices
in a network.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Physical Structures
Ring: In a ring topology, each device has a dedicated
point-to-point connection only with the two devices
either side of it.
A signal is passed along the ring in one direction,
from device to device, until it reaches its
destination.
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Categories of Networks
Local Area Networks (LANs)
Short distances
Designed to provide local interconnectivity
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
Provide connectivity over areas such as a city, a
campus
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Long distances
Provide connectivity over large areas
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
LAN
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
MAN
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
WAN
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Thanks for your Attention
