TOUR AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 2| FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAVEL AND TOURS

Below are the terms used most frequently in the travel

Nature and Travels and Tours
and tour industry;

✱ Domestic Tourism ✱ Travel

- refers to travel taken exclusively within the - refers to a movement from one place to another.
national boundaries of the traveler’s country. - This can refer to short- and- long distance travel,
domestic and international travel, and other
✱ FAM Tours various forms.
- an abbreviation for familiarization tours usually - It also includes both round trips and one- way
offered to travel agents and tour operators as journeys, with a wide array of travel purposes.
complimentary or at a reduced rate to familiarize
them with a specific destination or attraction to The travel industry is also called the tourism network.
stimulates sales.
Sectors of the Travel Industry
✱ Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)
- a tour in which the tourist travels with the
1. Transportation
company of other tourists.
- the main purpose of this sector is to make it
possible for people to go from one place to
✱ Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT)
another. This includes a wide variety of different
- a tour in which the tourists travels to his
types of travel including air, land, sea, and
destination individually
railway modes.

✱ Independent Tour
✱ Airline Industry
- is a tour in which the tourist buys tourism
- the airline industry is a popular choice among
components (transportation, accommodation,
who want to arrive at destinations quickly. The
food and beverage, entertainment, etc.)
development in air transportation in the tourism
separately. This can be done in advance through
industry introduced many undiscovered areas to
a travel agent.
the travel community
- has managed to increase a significant part of the
✱ International Tourism
transportation market in recent years, especially
- refers to travel across international boundaries. It
to destinations farther 500 kilometers away.
is more difficult to travel outside one’s own
country because the country to be visited has
✱ Car rental
requirements such as passports, visas, and other
- has been in close connection with the airline
conditions to be met by tourists.
and railway transportations since its early years
and is considered a similar part of the travel
✱ Package Tour
service industry
- sometimes called “inclusive tour” is an
arrangement in which tourism components such
✱ Water Transport
as transportation, accommodation, food and
- is a major factor in tourism and hospitality. An
beverage, entertainment, etc. are brought by
example of this is the cruise ships which became
the tourist at an all- inclusive price.
known in recent years because of the idea of
developing “floating resorts” or “flotels”.
✱ Tour Operator
- organizes packages tours and purchases other
tourism services such as transport and
accommodation in advance, usually at a lower
price because he/ she is buying it in bulk.
✱ Coach Services
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CHAPTER 2| FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAVEL AND TOURS

- buses and coaches are the modes of ✱ Hostels

transportation preferred by those in any social - provide minimal amenities such as a bunk bed
class to reach their destinations. and commonly shared toilets and bathrooms.
- In the 21st century, buses became a safe, green, - They are typically categorized as a budget
comfortable, and affordable tool for choice and are usually provided on a self-
transportation. catering basis.
- cater not only for intercity lines or long- distance - They appeal mostly to young travelers.
travel but also as charter vehicles for excursions,
corporative trips, or just carrying from airport or ✱ Camping
railway station to hotel and back. - this is a type of outdoor accommodation that
makes use of temporary shelter, usually in the
✱ Railway form of a tent.
- the majority of seasoned travelers prefer to travel - It appeals mostly to families who travel in
by train because of its safety record and the recreational vehicles.
convenience and satisfaction of viewing the
scenery from a comfortable air-conditioned car. ✱ Bed and Breakfast
The appeal of rail travel has been further - bed and breakfast accommodations provide a
enhanced by the recent introduction of high- room, bath, and a hearty breakfast to tourists.
speed trains. They are known as B&Bs or BnBs.

✱ Spacecraft ✱ Timeshare Accommodation

- is now becoming known as form as a form of - is a modern tourism product that succeeds in
transportation, which is going to become combining tourism and real estate in such a way
increasingly influential in the years ahead. The to satisfy the ever- changing needs of the tourist
year 2001 marked the beginning of space purchaser.
tourism as wealthy California businessman,
Dennis Tito, became the first paying passenger 2. Food and Beverage
for space flight - tourists look for food and beverages everywhere.
- It is a significant aspect of anyone’s journey and
2. Accommodation often shapes one’s satisfaction with a trip.
- while away from home, the tourist needs to eat - In some cases, it is the reason some people
and sleep. Sleeping accommodations range travel.
from hotels of international standards to
condominiums, campgrounds, and homes of ✱ Restaurants
relatives and friends. - is a business where people sell food and drinks to
customers in a public place in exchange for
✱ Hotels money
- the most popular form of accommodation for
tourists ✱ Catering
- it provides meals and refreshments for those who - the catering industry nowadays plays an
may reserve their accommodations in advance important role in the travel and tourism industry.
but need to do so. Like restaurants and take- away outlets, caterers
provide products and services to hotels and
✱ Shared Accommodation airlines.
- it is said that Airbnb favors the growth of shared
accommodation. Travelers nowadays use Airbnb
as an online platform to rent spaces for their stay
in a destination

✱ Bars and Coffee Shops

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CHAPTER 2| FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAVEL AND TOURS

- provide a relaxing atmosphere for travelers to provide pertinent commentary and look after
eat and drink. their general well- being.
- Bars tend to focus on serving alcoholic and non-
alcoholic beverages; 6. Connected Industries
- are industries that are linked to the travel and tourism
✱ Coffee shops industry itself.
- tend to focus on serving hot drinks, frappes, and - These include companies and businesses that assist to
light snacks. Both environments also provide a connect travelers with travel and tourism products and
place for people to socialize. local agencies that provide practical support and
assistance for tourists and travelers.
✱ Nightclubs
- are establishments that stay open until late at ✱ Foreign Exchange
night and offer food and beverage along with - the foreign exchange market is an institutional
entertainment. Most of them have stage arrangement for buying and selling foreign
performers and a spacious dance floor for the currencies.
customers. - It is especially important when we travel because
it is the only to transact in a foreign land, be it
5. Entertainment paying for a cab fare or just buying a meal.
- Tourists, once arrived at their chosen destination, often
look for entertainment, any form of activity that can ✱ Travel Agents
satisfy the interest of the tourists during their stay in a - are middlemen that act as intermediaries
destination. between the suppliers and the tourists.
- They sell tourist products and receives a
✱ Casino commission from the supplier as their income.
- is an entertainment establishment that provides
people with opportunities to gamble. ✱ Tour Operators
- It is often connected with hotels, restaurants, - are wholesalers of tourist products.
resorts, cruise ships, and other related tourism - they produce tour packages which usually
establishments that are also known for hosting compose of complete itineraries from
entertainment such as musicals, concerts, and transportation, accommodations, food and
comedy performances. beverage, as well as entertainment and the
service of a tour escort or tour guide.
✱ Tourist Information
✱ Online Travel Agencies (OTA)
- travelers usually are overwhelmed with the
information and options they have once they - is very much like the traditional travel agency
arrive at a new destination. when it comes to its role, only that it uses the
- A tourist information center provides reliable internet as its main source of operation.
information and resources about the destination. - They both connect with the tourists to sell travel
It motivates tourists to stay longer by feeding products and services on behalf of the suppliers.
them information about what the destination
can offer. ✱ Tourism Organizations
- could be government and nongovernment units
as well as tourism councils which are usually
✱ Tourist Guides and Tour
composed of the different tourism sectors.
- a tourist guide is an individual who, either as an
- Their main purpose is to support the interests of
employee or an affiliate of a licensed tour
the tourism industry.
operator, accompanies tourists, both foreign and
domestic, for a fee or any other form of lawful
remuneration on local sightseeing excursions to
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✱ Educational 2. Travel Services

- includes academic institutions and tourism - are services provided by tour operators and
organizations that organize or sponsor activities travel agents that have something to do with the
like seminars, conferences, exhibitions, training, tourists’ travel such as ticket reservation, booking,
and tourism skills competitions. or both, for local and international, for air, sea,
railroad, and land travel.

Types of Tours; 3. Tour Operation Business

- this is a type of travel business that assembles the
1. Independent Tour tourism products from different suppliers
- is a tour in which the tourist buys tourism - to create a complete tour package and sells it
components (transportation, accommodation, to the tourists directly or through travel
food and beverage, etc.) separately. intermediaries
- This can be done in advance through a travel
agent.

2. Escorted Tour
- is a tour in which tourists are accompanied by a
tour director or tour manager who arranges
everything and takes charge of the entire tour
from the beginning until its completion.
- Tourists who avail of this kind of tour are not
familiar with the destination they are visiting.

3. Hosted Tour
- is a tour in where tourists are accompanied by a
tour guide once the tourists arrive at the
destination region.
- It is called a “hosted tour” because the tour
operator usually acts as the host to the tourists
during their stay.

4. Incentive Tours
- is given to employees as a reward for their
excellent performance in achieving the
company’s or organization’s goals.
- The expenses of this tour are paid or sponsored
by the company or organization.

Key Concepts;

1. Travel Industry
- is composed of businesses that provide services
needed by travelers or tourists when they travel
from one place to another.
- This industry includes transportation,
accommodations, food and beverages, services
of a travel agency, foreign exchange, etc