ASSIGNMENT-3 1

GEOMETRY
1. [2014] Two vertices of square lie on a circle of radius r, and the other two vertices lie on a tangent to
this circle. Then each side of the square is
Options:
3r 4r 6r 8r
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 5 5
2. [2014] Consider a cyclic trapezium whose circumcentre is on one of the sides. If the ratio of the two
parallel sides is 1 : 4, what is the ratio of the sum of the two oblique sides to the longer parallel side ?
Options:
(a) 3: 2 (b) 3:2 (c) 2 :1 (d) 5: 3
3. [2016] Consider a circle of unit radius and a chord of that circle that has unit length. The area of the
largest triangle that can be inscribed in the circle with that chord as its base is
4. [2019] In the following picture, ABC is an isosceles triangle with an inscribed circle with center O.
Let P be the mid-point of BC. If AB = AC = 15 and BC = 10, then OP equals:

Options:

5 5
(a) (b) (c) 2 5 (d) 5 2
2 2
5. AB and CD are two common tangents to circles which touch each other at C. If D lies on AB such that
CD = 4 cm, then AB is equal to
Options:
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 12 cm
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6. Two circles C1 and C2 of radii 10 cm and 8 cm respectively are tangent to each other internally at a
point A. AD is the diameter of C1 and P and M are points on C1 and C2, as shown in the figure below.

If PM = 20 cm and PAD = x0, find the value of x

7. As shown in the figure below, circles C1 and C2 of radius 360 are tangent to each other, and both
tangent to straight line l. If circle C3 is tangent of C1, C2 and l and Circe C4 is tangent to C1, C3 and l
find the radius of C4

PA + PC PD
8. A square ABCD is inscribed in a circle and a point P is on arc BC then prove that =
PB + PD PA
9. A regular pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a circle and point P is chosen on arc BC.
Prove that PA + PD = PB + PC + PE.
10. (Miquel Point of a Triangle). Points D, E, F lie on lines BC, CA, and AB of ABC, respectively. Prove
that there exists a point lying on all three circles (AEF), (BFD), (CDE).
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ANSWER KEY
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c)

6. (60) 7. (40)

Solutions
1. [2014] Two vertices of square lie on a circle of radius r, and the other two vertices lie on a tangent to
this circle. Then each side of the square is
Options:
3r 4r 6r 8r
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 5 5
Ans: (d)
Solutions:
OS2 = OM2 + MS2
r2 = (a - r)2 + a2/4
a = 8r/5

2. [2014] Consider a cyclic trapezium whose circumcentre is on one of the sides. If the ratio of the two
parallel sides is 1 : 4, what is the ratio of the sum of the two oblique sides to the longer parallel side ?
Options
(a) 3: 2 (b) 3:2 (c) 2 :1 (d) 5: 3
Ans: (a)
Solution:
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RS = r/2
RM2 = QR2 – QM2 = OR2 – OM2
QR2 = 9r2/16 + r2 – r2/16 = 3r2/2
QR + QP = √6𝑟
3. [2016] Consider a circle of unit radius and a chord of that circle that has unit length. The area of the
largest triangle that can be inscribed in the circle with that chord as its base is
Options:

1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3
(a) + (b) + (c) + (d) +
2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
Ans: (c)
Solution:

√3
OMN is equilateral triangle, OQ = 2

√3
MN = 1, PQ = 1 + 2
1 √3 1 √3
Area = 2 × 1 × (1 + ) =2+
2 4

4. [2019] In the following picture, ABC is an isosceles triangle with an inscribed circle with center O.
Let P be the mid-point of BC. If AB = AC = 15 and BC = 10, then OP equals:
 5

Options:

5 5
(a) (b) (c) 2 5 (d) 5 2
2 2
Ans: (b)
Solution:
Area of triangle = rs
√𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = 𝑟𝑠
s = 20
√20(5)(5)(10) = 20𝑟

5
r=
2
5. AB and CD are two common tangents to circles which touch each other at C. If D lies on AB such that
CD = 4 cm, then AB is equal to
Options:
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 12 cm
Ans. (c)
Solution.
AD = DC = 4
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DB = DC = 4
AB = 8
6. Two circles C1 and C2 of radii 10 cm and 8 cm respectively are tangent to each other internally at a
point A. AD is the diameter of C1 and P and M are points on C1 and C2, as shown in the figure below.

If PM = 20 cm and PAD = x0, find the value of x

Ans. (60)
Solution.

Let O be the centre of C2 and let PA intersect C2 at B. The homothety centred at A mapping C2 to C1
AB 8
has similitude ratio 8/10. It maps B to P. Thus = . (This can also be seen by connecting P to the
AP 10
centre O’ of C1 so that the triangles ABO and APO’ are similar.) The power of P with respect to C 2 is
AB 8
PM2 = 20. Thus PB  PA = 20, or equivalently (PA – AB)PA = 20. Together with = , we obtain
AP 10
AB = 8 and AP = 10. Consequently, the triangle ABO is equilateral, and hence PAD = BAO = 60°.
7. As shown in the figure below, circles C1 and C2 of radius 360 are tangent to each other, and both
tangent to straight line l. If circle C3 is tangent of C1, C2 and l and Circe C4 is tangent to C1, C3 and l
find the radius of C4
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Ans. 40
Solution:
Let R be the radius of C3. Then
(360 – R)2 + 3602 = (360 + R)2  R = 90.

Let r be the radius of C4. Then

= ( 360 + r ) − ( 360 − r ) + ( 90 + r ) − ( 90 − r ) = 90  r = 40
2 2 2 2

PA + PC PD
8. A square ABCD is inscribed in a circle and a point P is on arc BC then prove that =
PB + PD PA
Solution:

Since in a square ABCD, AB = BC = CD = DA = a (Say) and AC = BD = a 2 In cyclic

quadrilateral APCD, by
Ptolemy’s theorem
PA ⋅ CD + AD ⋅ PC = PD ⋅ AC]

⇒ (PA + PC)a = PD ⋅ a 2
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⇒ PA + PC = PD a 2 (1)
In cyclic quadrilateral ABPD, by using Ptolemy’s theorem
PD ⋅ AB + PB ⋅ AD = PA ⋅ BD

⇒ (PD + PB)a = PA ⋅ a 2

⇒ PB + PD = PA a 2 (2)
PA + PC PD
From Eq. (1)/ Eq. (2) we get, =
PB + PD PA
9. A regular pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a circle and point P is chosen on arc BC.
Prove that PA + PD = PB + PC + PE.
Solution:
In cyclic quadrilateral ABPC, ABPD and ABPE by using Ptolemy’s theorem we get
AB ⋅ PC + AC ⋅ PB = AP ⋅ BC (1)
AB ⋅ PD + AD ⋅ PB = AP ⋅ BD (2)
AB ⋅ PE + AE ⋅ PB = AP ⋅ BE (3)
From Eq. (1) + Eq. (3) - Eq. (2)

AB(PC + PE - PD) + (AC + AE - AD)PB = (BC + BE – BD)APAB[PC + PE - PD] + AE ⋅ PB =

BC ⋅ AP (As AC = AD; BE = BD)
⇒ PC + PE - PD + PB = PA (As AB = AE = BC)
⇒ PC + PE + PB = PA + PD.
10. (Miquel Point of a Triangle). Points D, E, F lie on lines BC, CA, and AB of ABC, respectively. Prove
that there exists a point lying on all three circles (AEF), (BFD), (CDE).
Solution:
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let Circumcircles of BFD and CDE intersect at P other than D.

∠FPD = 180 – ∠B and ∠EPD = 180 – ∠C

⇒ ∠FPE = 360 – (∠FPD + ∠EPD) = ∠B + ∠C
⇒ ∠FPE + ∠A = 180
⇒ AFPE is cyclic quadrilateral.