１

Opthalmology
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subject .

I apologize in advance to You ...

Sincere efforts have been put to make sure that this set of questions is
error - free including as many as important questions as possible.

Any error is far beyond any human scope .

Your suggestions are most welcome

to help me to make this Question bank as strong as possible
 ３

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS :

THANK YOU SO MUCH !!!

Mukesh . M - for sending the department questions

Raja Swetha . M ]

Durga Lakshmi . R ] for suggestions of University exam

Suriya Praba . R ] questions

This Question bank currently includes

All Possible Questions From Each Chapter .

University questions have been included here & there

( but NOT Complete !!! )

I've prepared them based on the idea :

" Each and every Final year Part 1 student

must know atleast these topics

before moving onto the next year " .

 ４

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But I dayachesii humbly request You Not to

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2. TO OTHER COLLEGE friends

So this Question bank belongs only to our batch

PROMETHIANZ

NO OTHER PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO USE THIS.

( It's my hard work ,

I've spent countless hours on this project

I've had sleepless nights

All these things I did only for our batch !!! )

But if still , You need to send these to above mentioned people ,

then You must get my Permission !!!
 ５

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FROM THE START !!!

They have a different set of pattern and they have a Blue print , which
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They have MCQ s & 15 marks as essays

Sending these questions will never be enough for them ,

THEY NEED TO WORK MORE !!! )

Dayachesi , Please I beg You !

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THANK YOU SO MUCH &

SORRY SO MUCH

ALL THE BEST

WISHING YOU All 3 DISTINCTIONS AND THE FIRST PLACEs

YOU CAN DO IT !!!

Yours truly - N. Shakthi . G.S

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Table of contents
SECTION 1

Anatomy & Physiology of Eye ( pg 8 )

SECTION 2

Optics & Refraction ( pg 9 , 10 )

SECTION 3

Diseases of Eye ( pgs 11 - 31)

A. CONJUNCTIVAL DISEASES ( pg 11 , 12 )

B. CORNEAL DISEASES

( pg 13 , 14 )

C . SCLERAL DISEASES

( pg 15 )

D. UVEAL TRACT DISEASES ( pg 16 , 17 )

E. LENS DISEASES ( pg 18 , 19 )

F. GLAUCOMA ( pg 20 , 21 )
 ７

G. VITREOUS DISEASES ( pg 22 )

H .RETINAL DISEASES ( pg 23 , 24 )

I.NEUROPTHALMOLOGY ( pg 25 )

J. OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS

( pg 26 )

K. EYELIDS DISORDERS ( pg 27 , 28 )

L. LACRIMAL APPARATUS

DISEASES ( 29 M.ORBIT DISEASES (

pg 30 )

N.OCULAR INJURIES ( pg 31 )

SECTION 4

Ocular Therapeutics ( pg 32 )

SECTION 5

Systemic & Community Ophthalmology ( pg 33 )

SECTION 6
Practical Ophthalmology ( pg 34 , 35 )
 ８

SECTION 1
Anatomy & Physiology of Eye

( Go through them once !

Very basic & must know

to understand further topics * )

But few possible questions that can be asked :

1. Structures of eye developed from each embryonic layer *

2. Wald ' s visual cycle

3.Differences between light & dark adaptation

4.Coats of eyeball & its appendages *

5.Define phototransduction
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SECTION 2
Optics & Refraction

( Important for Viva )***

Essay

1.myopia ***

2.astigmatism**

3.hypermetropia***

4.Refractive surgery ( may be asked )

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5m

1. Types & uses of each optical lens ( ** mainly for viva )

2.pseudophakia ***

3.aphakia ***

4.Anisoemtropia *

5.presbyopia ***

6.contact lens *

7.LASIK *

2m

1.mechanism of accomodation

2.spasm of accomodation

3.paralysis of accomodation

4,strum ' s conoid **

 １１

SECTION 3
Diseases of
Eye

A . CONJUNCTIVAL DISEASES

Essay
1.phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis **

2.Trachoma ***
3.bacterial conjunctivitis *

4.allergic conjunctivitis *
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5m
1.acute bacterial conjunctivitis

2.ophthalmia neonatorum **

3.pterygium ***

4.spring catarrhal (vernal keratoconjunctivitis) ***

5.viral conjunctivitis *

6.ecchymosis / subconjuctival haemorrhage ***

2m
1.parts of conjunctiva

2.blood supply of conjunctiva

3.differences between viral / bacterial / allergic / chlamydial

conjunctivitis *

4.chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

5, angular bacterial conjunctivitis

6.epidemic keratoconjunctivitis *

7.simple allergic conjunctivitis

8.atopic keratoconjunctivitis

9.pinguecula *
10.
Name some tumors of conjunctiva
 １3

B. CORNEAL DISEASES

essays
1. bacterial corneal ulcer ***

2. fungal / mycotic corneal ulcer **

3. herpes zoster opthalmicus **

4.ocular lesions of herpes simplex & HSV keratitis **

5m
1.keratoconus ***

2.Management of corneal ulcer ***

3. complications of corneal ulcer **

4.acanthamoeba keratitis **

5. keratoplasty ***

6.corneal degeneration ( see through once )

7.Dystrophies of cornea ( see through once )

8.Interstitial keratitis *
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2m

1. Layers of cornea *

2, Is cornea vascular ? Mention the mechanism of its transparency *

3.hypopyon corneal ulcer

4.treatment of non healing corneal ulcer *

6.Mooren's chronic serpinguous ulcer

7.marginal & geographical & dendritic ulcer s **

8.exposure keratopathy *

9.photo - ophtalmia*

10. congenital megalocornea

11.Arcus senilis **5

12.keratitis - neuroparalytic

13, Mention few refractive corneal surgery

14.causes for corneal oedema *

15.pannus **
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C . SCLERAL

DISEASES

5m

1. episcleritis *

2. scleritis **

3.. staphyloma

2m

1. Conditions causing blue sclera

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D. UVEAL TRACT DISEASES

Essay

1.anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis) ****

5m
1.classification of uveitis **

2. granulomatous & non granulomatous inflammation of uvea

3. Management of uveitis **

4.differences between acute iridocyclitis ,

acute congestive glaucoma & acute conjunctivitis

5. endopthalmitis ***

6. panopthalmitis ***

7.malignant melanoma of uvea *

8intermediate uveitis

9. Posterior uveitis *
 １７

2m

1.iris & ciliary body & choroid structure *

2.keratic precipitates **

3. Bechets syndrome

4. Reiters syndrome

5. AIDS manifestation of uvea ( CMV retinitis ) *

6.iris nodules *

7.aqueous flare *

8.hypopyon **

9.pthisis bulbi

10.Vogt - Koyanagi - Harada syndrome

11. Evisceration ***

12.mention few congenital anomalies of uveal tract

 １８

E. LENS DISEASES

Essay
1.Define cataract . Classify cataract . Write in detail Age related
/ Senile cataract ***

( etiopathogenesis , types , stages , clinical features & management )

2.Complications of Cataract surgery ***

5m
1. Congenital cataract ***

2.complicated cataract **

3.pre operative investigations for cataract surgery ***

4.conventional ECCE surgery ***

5.phacoemulsification ***

6.Intra Ocular Lens ***

7.After / Secondary cataract ***

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2m

1.describe lens structure ***

2.Reasons for lens transparency ***

3.hypermature cataract *

4.metabolic cataract *

5.grading of nuclear hardness on slit lamp biomicroscopy *

6.preoperative preparation s & medications for cataract surgery **

7.SRK formula for IOL power calculation ***

8.dislocation of lens

9.lenticonus

10.iris shadow ***

11.differences between nuclear cataract

& immature cortical cataract ***

12.recent trends in cataract surgery

 ２０

F. GLAUCOMA

essays

1. Define glaucoma . Explain in detail Primary open angle glaucoma POAG

***

( etiopathogenesis , clinical features , management )

2. Define glaucoma . Explain in detail primary angle closure disease

( complete ) PACD ***

( etiopathogenesis , clinical features , management )

3. Classify secondary glaucoma . Explain in detail the following

( lens induced* , neovascular** , uveitis induced , steroid

induced glaucomas )
 ２１

5m
1. Primary congenital / developmental glaucoma **

2. anti - glaucoma drugs ***

3. normal tension glaucoma *

4.Optic disc changes & visual field defects in POAG***

5.primary angle closure glaucoma *

2m
1. anatomy of angle of anterior chamber **

2. aqueous humor - formation & drainage ***

3.Shaffer ' s grading of angle width of anterior chamber

4.Ocular hypertension *

5.peripheral iridectomy

6.glaucoma drainage devices

7.primary angle closure suspect *

8.Laser trabeculoplasty*

9.trabeculectomy
 ２２

G. VITREOUS
DISEASES

2m

1.vitreous haemorrhage

2.vitreous detachment

3.vitreous opacity

4.pars plana vitrectomy

5.vitreous substitutes *
 ２３

H .RETINAL DISEASES

Essays

1. Diabetic retinopathy ***

2. Hypertensive retinopathy ***

3. retinoblastoma **

5m
1.retinopathy of prematurity

2.cystoid macular oedema *

3.central retinal artery occlusion **

4. retinal vein occlusion ***

5. retinitis pigmentosa **

6. retinal detachment **

7. age related macular degeneration **

 ２４

2m
1. retinal applied anatomy

2.Eale ' s disease *

3.central serous chorioretinopathy

4. layers of retina

5.toxemia of pregnancy *

6. Photoretinitis /solar retinopathy

7.arteriolar reflex changes in hypertensive retinopathy **

8.congenital diseases of optic disc

9.cotton wool spots **

10.drusen ***

11. A - V crossing changes ***

12.ocular ischemic syndrome

13.leucocoria **

14.enucleation ***
 ２５

I. NEUROPTHALMOLOGY
5m
1. papilloedema ***

2. optic neuritis ***

3. optic atrophy *

4.toxic / nutritional optic neuropathy i.e Toxic amblyopia **

5.lesions of visual pathway *

6.abnormalities of pupillary reactions ***

7.differences between papilloedema , papillitis , pseudopapillitis *

8.colour blindness & tests for colour vision *

2m
1.amaurosis *

2. optic nerve anatomy

3. visual pathway

4.pupillary relexes **

5.amblyopia
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J. OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS

( see through once ...

not important for UG point of view in our University )

Possible Questions That Are Commonly Asked :

5m
1.Define strabismus / squint .* Classify them * and write in detail

( any one type can be asked )

2.strabismus surgery

3. Nystagmus

2m
1.Name the extra ocular muscles . What are their actions ? **

2.name the synergists , antagonists & yoke muscles of eyeball

3.amblyopia *

4.diplopia *

5.Maddox rod & wing tests

6.differences between paralytic & non paralytic squint *

 ２７

K. EYELIDS
DISORDERS

5m
1.blepharitis **

2.chalazion ***

3.hordeoulum externum ( stye ) ***

4.ectropion ***

5.entropion ***

6.ptosis ***

7.tumours of eyelid **
 ２８

2m
1. anatomy of eyelids*** ( layers & glands mainly )

2.name some congenital anomalies of eyelids

3.lid oedema causes

4.hordeoulum internum

5, trichiasis **

6, distichiasis **

7, madarosis **

8.symblepharon *

9.lagophthalmos *

10. Lid retraction causes

 ２９

L. LACRIMAL APPARATUS DISEASES

5m

1.tear film - describe the structure & functions ***

Write in detail about dry eye & it's management ***

2.watery eye - epiphora & hyper lacrimation ***

( causes & investigation )

3.congenital dacrocystitis ***

4. chronic dacrocystitis **

5.acute dacrocystitis **

6.dacryo cysto rhinostomy *** ( DCR )

7.dacryo adenitis *

2m

1.lacrimal apparatus **

2.mention the lacrimal glands **

3.Mikulicz ' s syndrome

4.dacryopes

5.mention some tumors of lacrimal gland

6.Dacryo cystectomy ( DCT ) ***

7.mucocoele **
 ３０

M.ORBIT DISEASES
( see through once ...

not important for UG point of view in our University )

Possible questions that are commonly asked :

5m
1.proptosis *

2.orbital cellulitis***

3.cavernous sinus thrombosis

4.endocrine exopthalmos ( thyroid eye disease ) **

5.blow - out orbital fracture *

2m
1.describe the formation , walls & contents of orbit *

2.enopthalmos

3. Lid signs of thyroid eye disease ***

4.name some tumors of orbit

5.exenteration ***
 ３１

N.OCULAR INJURIES

10m
1. Ocular injuries ***

5m
1.blunt ocular injuries *

2.intra ocular foreign body

3.chemical ocular injuries *

4.sympathetic opthalmitis *

2m
1.penetrating & perforating ocular injuries *

2.siderosis bulbi *

3.chalcosis

4.extra ocular foreign body

 ３２

SECTION 4

Ocular Therapeutics
( see through once ...

not important for UG point of view in our University )

Possible questions that are commonly asked :

2m
1. Mention 4 anti viral drugs for ophthalmic use *

2..Mention 4 anti fungal drugs for ophthalmic use *

3.mention 4 anti glaucoma drugs with dosage & mechanism of action **

4.Mention 4 corticosteroids for ophthalmic use & mention the

indications **

5.Mention few tear film substitutes *

6.mention few intra ocular irrigating solutions & visco

elastic substances used for cataract surgery *

7.anti - VEGF - examples and indications for use

8.name some lasers used in ophthalmology & with their indication *

 ３３

SECTION 5

Systemic & Community

Ophthalmology

( Important for Viva )***

5m
1.xeropthalmia ***

2.National Program for Control of Blindness ( NPCB ) ***

2m
1. Ocular involvement in AIDS *

2.Definitions of blindness ***

3.Vision 2020 ***

4, major causes of blindness in India *

5.SAFE strategy for Trachoma control

6.eye camp *

7.eye bank *

8.District Blindness Control Society ( DBCS ) *

 ３４

SECTION 6

Practical Ophthalmology
( see through once ...

not important for UG point of view in our University )

Possible questions that are commonly asked :

5m
1.fundus fluorescein angiography *

2.Ocular ultra sonography *

3. Optical coherence tomography *

2m
1. Common ocular symptoms & signs and their causes

( any symptom & sign can be asked - refer to

Comprehensive Ophthalmology by AK Khurana 6th edition

 ３５

pg s. 494 , 495 , 496 for symptoms

pg s . 523 , 524, 525 for signs )

2.tests for near & distant visual acuity * ( Snellens )

3.differences between conjunctival & ciliary congestion

4. uses of pinhole ***

5, What is the normal Intra ocular pressure ( IOP ) ?

How will you measure it ? ( name different tyoes of tonometers )

6.what is the normal extent of visual field ?

Define scotoma and list different types of perimeters

7.electro retino graphy ( ERG ) & electro oculo graphy ( EOG ) - Uses

8,slit lamp examination *

9, gonioscopy - angle structures seen & applications *

10.mention few darkroom procedures **

11.keratometry - principle & uses

12.retinoscopy - mention mydriatics and cycloplegics used ***

& mention the observation with

inference 13.peribulbar block

14.differences between direct & indirect opthalmoscopy *

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ALL
THE
BEST