Unit-2

Question Bank
Q. 1 When a voltage of 100V at 50Hz is applied to a coil A, the current taken is 8 A and the
power 120W. When applied to coil B the current is 10A and the power 500 W. What
current and power will be taken when 100 V is applied to the two coils connected in
series?

Ans. 4.52A, 140W

Sol.

Coil A:

V 100
Z1 =   12.5
I 8

P = RI2

120
 R1 =  1.875
64

 X 12 = Z12–R12 = 12.52–1.872= 152.7

 X1 = 12.36 

V 100
Coil B: Z2=   10
I 10

500
R2   5
102

X 22  Z 22  R22  102  52  100  25  75

X 2  8.66

When connected is series

Z = (R1+R2)+j(X1+X2)

= 6.875+j21.02 = 22.12 75 

100
The current =  4.52A Ans.
22.12
140W Ans.
The power = RI2=6.875×4.522=
Q. 2 Draw a vector diagram for the circuit shown indicating the terminal voltage V1 and V2 and
the current. Find the values of (a) the current (b) V1 and V2 (c) the power factor.

Ans. (a) 5.84A; (b) 108.2V, 221.5V; (c) 0.875 leading

Sol.

Vector diagram

OA = 10 

AB = ωL1= 314×0.05

= 15.7 

BC = 20 

CD = ωL2= 314 × 0.1

= 31.4 

1 106
DE = 
C 314  50

= 63.7 

The impedance triangle OBE will represent V1,V2 & V to a different scale.

Z1 = 10 + j15.7

Z = 18.6 

Z2 = 20 + j31.4–j63.7 = 20–j32.3

Z2 = 38 

The total impedance Z = Z1+Z2 = 30–j16.6 = 34.3 29 

0.875 leading Ans.
The power factor = cos29° = (the circuit is capacitive)
 200
The current I =  5.84A Ans.
34.3
108.2 V Ans.
V1 = Z1I = 18.6×5.83 =

221.5 V Ans.
V2 = Z2I = 38 ×5.83 =

Q. 3 A coil with L = 2H and R = 362  is connected to a 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate the energy
stored when the instantaneous voltage is (a) zero and (b) a maximum.

Ans. (a) 0.152 and (b) 0.051 J

Sol.

Z = R+jωL

= 362 + j314 × 2

= 362 + j 528 = 724.4 60 

230
I = 60  0.317 60 A
724.4

If the voltage is v = 200 2 sin ωt

The current i = 0.317 2 sin (ωt–60°)

(a) v = 0 at t = 0

The current i = –0.317 2 sin 60 = –0.388 A

And the energy stored = ½ LI2

0.152 J Ans.
2
= ½ × 2 ×0.388 =

(b) v is maximum when ωt = π / 2 or 90°

Then i = 0.317 2 × sin (90°–60°)

= 0.317 2 × sin 30° = 0.224 A

0.51 J Ans.
2
The energy shored = ½ × 2 × 0.224 =

Q. 4 A resistor of 12  and an inductance of 0.025H are connected in series across a 50Hz

supply. What values of resistance and inductance when connected in parallel will have the
same resultant impedance and p.f. Find the current in each case when the supply voltage
is 230V.
 Ans. 17.14  , 83.2mH, 16.04 33.2 A

Sol.

At 50Hz, the series R-L circuit has an impedance of Zs given by

Zs = 12+j (314 × 0.025) = 12+j7.85 = 14.34 33.2 

230 0
Is = (230+j0) / (12+j7.85) = = 16.04 33.2 A Ans.
14.34 33.2

= 13.42–j8.8A

Out of these two components of Is, the in-phase components is 13.42A and quadrature component
(lagging) is 8.8A. Now let the R-L parallel combination be considered. R carries the in-phase
component, and L carries the quadrature-component (lagging). For the two systems to be
equivalent,

It means

Ip = 13.42A

Iq = 8.8A
17.14  Ans.
Thus, R = 230 / 13.42 =

XL = 230 / 8.8 = 26.14 

83.2mH Ans.
L = 26.14 / 314 =

Q. 5 A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series across a 150V ac supply. When the
frequency is 40Hz, the circuit draws 5A. When the frequency is increased to 50Hz, it draws
6A. Find the values of resistance and capacitance. Also find the power drawn in the second
case.

Ans. 11.662  , 144µF, 420W

Sol.

Use suffix 1 for 40Hz and 2 for 50Hz.

Z1 = 150/5 = 30  at 40Hz

Or R2+X2C1 = 900

Similarly, R2+X2C2 =625 at 50Hz, since Z2 = 25 

Further, capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency.

XC1/XC2 = 50/40 or XC1 = 1.25XC2

X2C1–X2C2 = 900–625= 275

X2C2(1.252–1)= 275 or X2C2 = 488.9, XC2 = 22.11 

XC1 = 1.25×22.11 = 27.64 

11.662  Ans.
R2 = 900–X2C1 = 900–764 = 136, R =

1 144 F Ans.
C= 
2  40  27.64
420W Ans.
Power drawn in the second case = 62×11.662 =

Q. 6 Two impedance Z1 and Z2 when connected separately across a 230-V, 50Hz supply
consumed 100W and 60W at power factors of 0.5 lagging and 0.6 leading respectively. If
these impedances are now connected in series across the same supply, find:

(i) total power absorbed and overall p.f. (ii) the value of the impedance to be added in
series so as to raise the overall p.f. to unity. Ans. (i) 99W, .92
leading (ii) 195 

Sol.

P1= V1I1 cos 1  230×I1×0.5 = 100; I1 = 0.87A

Now, I12 R1 =power or 0.872 R1= 100; R1 =132  ; Z1 = 230/0.87 = 264 

XL = Z12  R12  2642  1322  229

Similarly in case of capacitive Impedance I2 = 60/230×0.6 = 0.434A ; R2 = 60/0.4342 = 318 

Z2 = 230/0.434 = 530  ; XC = 5302  3182  424 (capacitive)

When Z1 and Z2 are connected in series

R = R1+R2 = 132+318 = 450  ; X=229–424 = –195  (capacitive)

Z= R 2  X 2  4502  (195)2  490, I  230 / 490  0.47 A

99W Ans.
(i) Total power absorbed = I2R = 0.472×450 =

0.92 (leading) Ans.

cos  = R/Z = 450/490 =
(ii) Power factor will become unity when the net capacitive reactance is neutralized by an equal
is  Ans.
inductive reactance. The reactance of the required series pure inductive coil195

Q. 7 A 200V 50Hz supply is connected to a 20  resistor in series with a coil. The reading of the
voltmeter across the resistor is 120V and across the coil 144V. Calculate the power and the
reactive VA in the coil and the P.F. of the circuit.

Ans. 121W, 855VAR, 0.7

Sol.

The current

120 200 100

I=  6A Z=  
20 6 3

If R and X are the resistance and reactance of the coil

2
 144 
R2+X2 =    24 ……………(1)
2

 6 
2
 200  100
2
(R+20)2+X2 =    ……..(2)
 6  9

(2)–(1) gives

10, 000
40R+400= – 242  535
9

135
` R= = 3.375 
40

X2=242–3.3752=564.6

X = 23.76 

For the coil

Power =RI2 =3.375 × 62= 121 W Ans.

855 VAR Ans.

Reactive VA =XI2= 23.76×62 =

R 20  3.375
The circuit PF =   0.7 Ans.
Z 100 / 3
Q. 8 A leaky capacitor Zc = 74.5  is in series with a coil ZL = 40  and a resistor R = 56  .
When a voltage V = 200 V is applied I = 2.5 A and the p.d. across R and ZL combined is
194V. Find the loss in the capacitor.
Ans. 24.3 W

Sol.

V 200
The total circuit impedance Z =   80
I 2.5

194
Impedance of R and ZL in series =  77.6
2.5

Let Zc = R1–jX1 and

ZL = R2+jX2

For the total impedance

Z = (R1+R2+56)+j (X1–X2)

Hence for the magnitudes we have the following equations:

R12  X 12  74.52 ………..….(1)

R22  X 22  402 …………….……(2)

(56  R2 ) 2  X 22  77.6 2 ………...............(3)

And (R1+R2+56)2 + (X1–X2)2 = 802…….(4)

From (2) and (3)

112 R2+562=77.62–1600

112 R2 = 77.62–1600–562 = 1286

1286
R2=  11.5
112

From (2) X 2  1600  11.5  1468

2 2

Or X2 = 38.3 

Hence (4) will be

(R1+67.5)2 + (X1–38.3)2 = 802…………(5)

(5)–(1) gives
 135R1+67.52= 76.6x1+38.32=802–74.52

135R1–76.6x1 = 6400–74.52–67.52–38.32

= –5173

135R1  5173
x1=  1.76 R1  67.5
76.6

From (1) we have

R12  (1.76 R1  67.5) 2  74.5

4.1R12  238 R1  74.52  57.5 2  994

Solving this we get

R1= 3.89 

The loss in the capacitor

24.3W Ans.
2 2
= R1I = 3.89 × 2.5 =

Q. 9 Find the value of R and C so that Vb = 3Va and Vb and Va are in quadrature. Find also the
phase relation between V and Vb; Va and I.

Ans. R = 2.66  ; C = 1590µF

Va lags behind the current by 37°

Vb leads the current by 53°

Vb leads V by 18.3°

Sol.

With same current

Vb = 3Va means

Zb = 3Za

ωL = 314×0.0255 = 8
 Zb = 6 + j8 = 10 53

Since Za = 1/3 Zb and two are at right angles

10 10 8
Za = 37 = (0.8  j 0.6)   j 2
3 3 3

8
R=  2.66  Ans.
3

And Xc = 2  . If C is capacitance in µF

106 106
2 or C =  1590  F Ans.
314C 628

Phase relations

Taking current as ref.

I = I 0

10
Va = IZa = I 37 V
3

(i.e.) Va lags behind the current by 37°

Vb = IZb = 10 I 53 V……………(1)

(i.e.) Vb leads the current by 53°

Z = Za+Zb = 2.66–j2+6+j8

= 8.66+j6 = 10.5 34.7 

V = 10.5 I 34.7 ………………...(2)

(i.e.) the supply voltage leads the current by 34.7°……… (3)

From (1) and (2)

Vb leads V by 53–34.7 = 18.3°

Q.10 A 480V source energizes two loads in parallel supplying 2KVA at a 0.5 lagging power factor
to one load and 4 KVA at a 0.6 leading power factor to the other load. Find the source
current and also the total impedance of the combination. Ans. I = 7.72 23.5 A , Z =

62.17 23.5

Sol.
For the impedance Z1

P1 = S1 Cos  1

= 2 × .5

= 1 kw

For the impedance Z2

P2 = S2 Cos  2

=4 × 0.6

= 2.4 kW

1 = Cos-1 0.5 = 60° Sin  1 = .86

2 = Cos-–0.6 = –53.13° Sin(–  2) = –.8

Q1 = S1 Sin  1

= 2 ×.86

= 1.72KVAR

Q2 = S2Sin  2

= –4 × .8

= –3.2 KVAR

Total absorbed power = P1+P2= 1+2.4=3.4KW

Reactive Power = Q1–Q2 = 1.72–3.2 = –1.48 KVAR (capacitive)

P 3.4
Power factor =  = .917 leading = Cos  or  = 23.5°
P Q
2 2
3.4  1.482
2

Total Power
P = VI Cos 

3.4  103
I=  7.72 23.5 A Ans.
480  .917

480
Z=  62.17 23.50   Ans.
7.08 23.50

Q. 11 Two impedances Z1 = (8+j6) and Z2 = (3-j4)  are in parallel. If the total current of this
combination is 25A, find the power taken by each Impedance and voltage across them.

Ans. PZ1 = 1KW , PZ 2 = 1.5KW, 111.8 26.57 V

Sol.

Current I is taken as reference phasor.

Z1 = 8+j6 = 10 36.86 

Z2 = 3-j4 = 5 53.13  

Z1+Z2 = (8+ 3)+j (6–4) = 11+j2 = 11.18 10.30

I  Z2 25 0 5 53.13
I1 = 
Z1  Z 2 11  2 j

125 53.13 
=
11.18 10.30 

I1= 11.18 63.43  A

I  Z1 25 0 10 36.86
I2 = 
Z1  Z 2 11  2 j

250 36.86
=
11.18 10.30
=22.36 26.5 A

Power taken by Z1= I12R1 = (11.18)2 8

1000 watt Ans.

=

1500 watt Ans.

Power taken by Z2 = I22 R2 2
= (22.36) 3 =

Voltage across impedance = I1Z1=I2Z2

111.8 26.57  Ans.
V = 11.18 63.4310 36.86 =

Q. 12 When a 240V, 50Hz supply is applied to a combination of a resistor 15  in parallel with

an inductor the total current is 22.1 A. What value must the frequency have for the total
current to be 34.0 A?
Ans. 25.5Hz

Sol.

If the suceptances at the two frequencies are B1 and B2 we have at frequency of 50Hz

2 2 2
1  I1   22.1 
   B1        0.0085
2

 15   V   240 

B12 = 0.0085–0.0044 = 0.0041

B1= 0.064 S at 50Hz

and at the requd. frequency

2 2
 34   1 
B 
2
2   
 240   15 

= 0.02 – 0.0044 = 0.0155

Or B2 = 0.125 S

The susceptances are inversely proportional to the frequency. Hence if f is the requd. frequency.

B1 f

B2 50

Or 0.125f = 0.064 × 50
 0.064  50 25.5Hz Ans.
Or f= =
0.125

Q. 13 Two impedances Z1 and Z2 are connected in parallel. The first branch takes a leading
current of 16 A and has a resistance of 5  , while the second branch takes a lagging
current at P.F. 0.8. The total power supplied is 5kW, the applied voltage being 100 + j
200V. Determine the complex expressions for the branch and total currents and for the
circuit constants.

Ans. I1 = –10.8+j11.8 I2= 18.7 + j9.5 I = 7.9 +

j21.1A

Z1 = 5.0 – j13.1; Z2 =8.57 + j6.42 Z = 9.85–

j1.05 

Sol

V = 100 + j200 = 223.6 63.4 V

V 223.6
Z1 =   13.98
I 16

Z1 must be capacitive since the current is leading

Z1 = 5 – jX1 (say)

 13.982  52  X 12

This gives

X1 = 13.1 

5.0–j13.1  = 14 69.1  Ans.

Z1 =

V 223.6 63.4
I1    16 132.5 A
Z1 14 691

–10.8+j11.8 A Ans.
=

The total power = 5kW = 5000W

Power in Z1 = R1I12 = 5 × 162 = 1280W

Power in Z2 = 5000–1280 = 3720W

Watts 3720
VA of circuit 2 =   4650
P.F . 0.8

VA 4650
I2 =   20.88 A
Volts 223.6

V 223.6
Z2 =   10.71
I 20.88

Since the P.F. is 0.8 lagging

8.57+j 6.42  Ans.
Z2 = 10.71 (0.8+j0.6) = 10.71 36.9 =

V2 223.6 63.4
I2 =  = 20.88 26.5
Z 2 10.71 36.9

(i.e.) I2 = 18.7 + j 9.3 A Ans.

The total current I = I1+I2 = –10.8+j11.8

+18.7 + j9.3

7.9+j21.1A A Ans.
(i.e.) I=

= 22.5 69.5 A

V 223.6 63.4
Z=   9.93 6.1
I 22.5 69.5

9.85–j1.05  Ans.
Or Z=

Q. 14 A single phase 240 V induction motor is tested in parallel with a 160  resistor; the motor
takes 2.0A and the total current is 3.0A. Find the power and power factor of (a) the whole
circuit and (b) the motor. Ans. (a) 594W,
0.82, (b) 234W, 0.49
Sol.

The current in the resistor

= I2 =240 / 160 = 1.5 A

Let the motor current be X–jY

Then with the given current values

X2+Y2=22=4……………………(1)

The total current = X + 1.5– jY and hence

(X + 1.5)2+Y2=32 = 9……………………..(2)

(2)–(1) gives

3X+2.25 = 9–4 = 5

2.75
X= = 0.917
3

From (1) Y2 = 4 – 0.9172= 3.16

Or Y = 1.78

Hence the motor current is

I1 = 0.977–j1.78 A and

The total current I = 2.477 – j1.78 A

234W Ans.
The motor power = 240 (Real part of I1) =

The total power = 240 ×Real part of I

594W Ans
= 240 × 2.477 =

Watts 234
Motor P.F. =   0.49 Ans.
VI 240  2

Power factor of the circuit

Watts 594
=   0.82 Ans.
VI 240  3
Q. 15 A coil having a resistance of 4  and an inductance of 1 H is connected in parallel with a
circuit comprising a similar coil in series with a capacitor C and non-inductive resistor R.
Calculate the values of C and R so that the currents in either branch of the arrangement
are equal but differ in phase by 90°. Frequency 50Hz.
Ans. C = 10.3µF, R = 310 

Sol.

Z1 = R1+jωL = 4 + j314 

Since the currents and hence the impedances are equal in magnitude and differ in phase by 90° we
must have

Z2 = 314 –j4

 314 – j4 = (R+4)–jX + j314 

Where X = reactance of capacitor

310  Ans.
 R = 314 – 4 =

and X – 314 = 4 or X = 318 

If C is the capacitance in µF

106 106
X=  318 or C  10.3µF Ans.
314C 314  318

Q. 16 A coil of resistance 6  and inductance 100µH is placed in parallel with a variable

capacitor. This combination is in series with a resistor of 5000  . The entire circuit is
connected to a 200V, 500kHz source. Calculate

(a) value of C to cause resonance

(b) Q0 of the coil at resonance

(c) current in each branch of the parallel circuit.

Ans. (a) 1013pF (b) 52.4 (c) .488A, .488A

Sol. Given

Resonant frequency = 500kHz

Hence,

XL= 2π f0 L = 2 π × 500 × 103 × 10–4  = 314 

1
Resistance R (=6  ) <<XL. Hence frequency of resonance is given by, f0 =
2 LC
 1 1
Hence  500  103 or C 
2 100  10 6  C 4  500 106 100 106
2 2

1013 pF Ans.
(a) Hence C = 1013 × 10–12 F =

2 f 0 L 314
(b) Q0 =   52.4 Ans.
R 6

L 104
(c) Dynamic resistance of the circuit = R0=    16.45k 
CR 1013 1012  6

Total equivalent resistance of the entire circuit = (16.45 + 5)k  =21.45k 

200
Current I = A  9.324mA
21.45 103

Potential drop across the tuned circuit = V  = I × R0 = 9.324 × 10–3 16.45 × 103 = 153.4V

153.4 0
Current through inductive branch IL=  0.488 88.9 A Ans.
(6) 2  (314)2 tan 1 (314 / 6)

V
Current through capacitor branch IC=  CV  90
1/ ( jC )

Or IC = 2π × 500 × 103 × 1013 × 10–12 ×153.4 90 =

0.488 90 A Ans.

Q. 17 Determine the value of capacitance C which will cause the total current of the circuit to be
in phase with the applied voltage. With this value of C, determine the total current and the
power.

Ans. 159µF, 16A, 3840W

Sol.

10(10  jX C ) (100  j10 X C )(20  jX C ) (2000  10 X 2C )  j100 X C

Z23 =  
(20  jX C ) 400  X 2C 400  X 2C
 2000  10 X 2C 100 X C
Hence Z = Z1+Z23 = (7.5+j2.5)+ j
400  X C2
400  X 2C

 2000  10C2   100 X C 

=  7.5   j  2.5  ……………….(1)
 400  X C2   400  X C
2


The circuit current is in phase with the circuit voltage if the j term in Eq (1) is zero.

100 X C 5
Hence 
400  X C 2
2

Or X2C–40XC+ 400 = 0

Hence XC= 20 

1
Hence C = F 159µF Ans.
2  50  20

Using XC= 20  we get,

240 0
Z = 15 + j0 = 15 0  . Hence I = = 16A Ans.
15 0
3840 watts. Ans.
Power = I2R = (16)2 × 15 =

Q. 18 A 200  resistor is placed in shunt with a 1 H inductor. This parallel circuit is placed in
series with a variable capacitor C A 200V, 50Hz supply is connected to the circuit.
Determine

(a) the value of C to give unity power factor

(b) total current drawn from the source

(c) currents in the resistor and the inductor and

(d) voltages across the capacitor and the parallel circuit.

 Ans. (a) 35.1µF (b) 1.408 0 A (c) 1.19 32.5 A, 0.757 57.5 A (d) 127.7 270 V, 237.6

32.5 V

Sol.

(a) gives the circuit arrangement XL= 2π × 50 × 1 = 314

Impedance of the parallel circuit is,

200  j 314 62800 90

Z2 = 
200  j 314 372 57.5

= 168.8 32.5 = (142 + j 90.7) 

(a) To make the power factor unity, the magnitude of capacitive reactance of C must be equal
to the magnitude of the inductive reactance of the parallel branch.
1 1
Hence   j 90.7 or C  F= 35.1µF Ans.
j 2  50C 100  90.7

V 200 0
(b) I=   1.408 0 A Ans.
R 142 0
j 314 1.408 0 314 90
(c) IR=I   1.19 32.5 A Ans.
200  j 314 372 57.5
200 1.408 0 200 0
IL = I   0.757 57.5 A Ans.
200  j 314 372 57.5

(d) V1=I(–jXC) = 1.408 0 90.7 270  127.7 270 V Ans.

237.6 32.5 V Ans.

V2=I.Z2 = 1.408 0168.8 32.5 

Q. 19 Find the values of resistance R and inductance L which when connected in parallel will take
the same current at the same power factor from 200V, 50Hz supply as the coil of
resistance R1 = 10  and inductance L1 = 0.4 H from the same source of supply.

Ans. 125.7  , 1589

 , 0.403H

Sol.

1 R  jX 1
Z = R1 + jXL. Hence Y =  12
R1  jX 1 R1  X 12

R1 X
Or Y = j 2 1 2
R  X1
1
2 2
R1  X 1
 R1 X
Hence G = ;B  2 1 2
R  X1
1
2 2
R1  X 1

1 R12  X 12 R 2  X 12
Hence R =  ; XL  1
G R1 X1

Now R1 = 10  ; X1 = 2π × 50 × 0.4 = 125.7  Ans.

(10) 2  (125.7) 2 (10) 2  (125.7) 2

Hence R = = 1589  Ans. XL= = 126.5 
10 125.7

126.5
Hence L = H 0.403H Ans.
2  50

Q. 20 Impedances Z2 and Z3 in parallel are in series with an impedance Z1 across a 100-V, 50Hz
a.c. supply. Z1 = (6.25 + 1.25)  ; Z2 = (5+j0)  and Z3 = (5–jXc)  . Determine the value of
capacitance of Xc such that the total current of the circuit will be in phase with the total
voltage. What is then the circuit current and power? Ans. 318µF,
10A, 1000W

Sol.

5(5  jXc)
Z23 =
10  jXc

25  j 5 Xc 10  jXc 250  5 X C2 25 Xc
=   j
(10  jXc) 10  jXc 100  X C 2
100  X C2

250  5 X C2 ) 25 Xc
Z = 6.25+j1.25+ j
(100  X C )
2
100  X C2

 250  5 X C2   25 Xc 5
=  6.25   j  
 100  X C2   100  X C 4 
2

Power factor will be unity or circuit current will be in phase with circuit voltage if the j term in the
above equation is zero.

 25 Xc 5
  0
 100  X C 4 
2

or Xc = 10 

1/ωC = 10 
318µF Ans.
or C = 1 / 314 × 10 =
Substituting the value of Xc = 10  above, we get

Z = 10–j0 = 10 0 and I = 100/10 = 10A Ans.

1000W Ans.
Power = I2R = 102×10 =