Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected

to:
1. illustrate the differentiation rules of
transcendental functions
2. apply the differentiation rules in computing
the derivative of exponential and logarithmic
functions

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

Lesson 2.2. Rules of Differentiation

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

Lesson 2.2. Rules of Differentiation
Illustrative Examples: Differentiate the following:

• 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥
3𝑥 2
•𝑦=𝑒
• 𝑦 = 105𝑥
• 𝑦 = log 2 5𝑥
• 𝑦 = ln 5𝑥 2 + 3

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

Copy first then answer in 1 whole sheet of paper
TRY THIS:

Seat work 1.1

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners are

expected to:
1. Illustrate the differentiation rules in
trigonometric functions
2. apply the differentiation rules in
computing the derivative of trigonometric
functions and inverse trigonometric functions
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
Lesson 2.2. Rules of Differentiation

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

Lesson 2.2. Rules of Differentiation

Examples:
𝑦 = cot(4𝑥 2 )
𝑦 = −3 sec 6𝑥
𝑦 = csc(3𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑦 = tan(sin 𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝑥)
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
Copy first then answer in 1 whole sheet of paper

TRY THIS:
d. 𝑓 𝑥 = −3𝑥 cos(tan 5𝑥)
e. 𝑔 𝑥 = 5 sin(7𝑥 2 )

Seat work 1.2

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Note that the derivatives of arccos u,

arccot u, and arccsc u are the negatives of
the derivatives of arcsin u, arctan u, and
arcsec u, respectively.
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Example 4 – Differentiating Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples:

The absolute value sign is not necessary because e2x > 0.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners are

expected to:
1. solve optimization problems that yield
polynomial functions
2. apply implicit differentiation in solving
related rates problem

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Optimization:

In solving optimization problems, the first thing to do is to

determine what is to be optimized or maximized. Then,
determine the constraint and solve.

In solving such practical problems, the greatest challenge

is often to convert the word problem into a
mathematical optimization problem—by setting up the
function that is to be maximized or minimized.
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Example #1:
The sum of two positive numbers is 12. What are
these numbers if their product is a maximum?

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Steps:
1. Assign variables in the problem. Draw a diagram if applicable.
2. Write one or more equations using the information given in the problem.
(Constraint equation)
3. Determine the variable that is to be maximized or minimized.
(Optimization equation)
4. If necessary, use substitution to write the variable that is to be
maximized or minimized as a function of a single variable.
5. Find the first derivative of step #4, then equate to zero to find the
critical value.
6. Substitute to the constraint equation to solve another variable. Be sure
to use the correct units.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Example #2
You have 40 feet of fence to enclose a rectangular
garden along the side of a barn. What is the
maximum area that you can enclose?
A = x ( 40 − 2 x )

A = 40 x − 2 x 2
x x
A = 40 − 4 x
40 − 2x 0 = 40 − 4x There must be a local
maximum here, since
w= x w = 10 ft 4 x = 40 the endpoints are
minimums.
x = 10
l = 40 − 2 x l = 20 ft
→
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 A = x ( 40 − 2 x )

A = 40 x − 2 x 2
x x
A = 40 − 4 x
A = 10 ( 40 − 2 10 )
40 − 2x 0 = 40 − 4x
A = 10 ( 20 )
w= x w = 10 ft 4 x = 40
x = 10 A = 200 ft 2
l = 40 − 2 x l = 20 ft
→
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Copy first then answer in 1 whole sheet of paper
TRY THIS!
1. A farmer has 2400 ft of fencing and wants
to fence off a rectangular field that borders
a straight river. He needs no fence along
the river. What are the dimensions of the field that
has the largest area?
2. You are asked to fence a rectangular region and maximize the
area. You are given 260 meters of fencing materials. What
should be the dimensions of the rectangular region?
Seat work 1.3

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners are

expected to:
1. Illustrate implicit differentiation
2. apply implicit differentiation in solving
related rates problem

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Implicit and Explicit Functions

Consider the following functions and find

the first derivative:

2
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 5
2. 𝑥𝑦 = 1
2 3
3. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 2

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Implicit and Explicit Functions
Most functions have been expressed in explicit form.

For example, in the equation , the variable y

is explicitly written as a function of x.

Some functions, however, are only implied by an

equation. For instance, the function y = 1/x is defined
implicitly by the equation

xy = 1. Implicit form
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Implicit and Explicit Functions
➢To find dy/dx for this equation, you can write y
explicitly as a function of x and then differentiate.

➢This strategy works whenever you can solve for the

function explicitly.
➢You cannot, however, use this procedure when you
are unable to solve for y as a function of x.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Implicit and Explicit Functions

For instance, how would you find dy/dx for the

equation

For this equation, it is difficult to express y as a

function of x explicitly. To find dy/dx, you can
use implicit differentiation.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Implicit and Explicit Functions
To understand how to find dy/dx implicitly, you
must realize that the differentiation is taking
place with respect to x.

This means that when you differentiate terms

involving x alone, you can differentiate as usual.

However, when you differentiate terms

involving y, you must apply the Chain Rule,
because you are assuming that y is defined
implicitly as a differentiable function of x.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 IllustrativeExample
Examples:
1 – Differentiating with Respect to x

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 IllustrativeExample
Examples:
1 – Differentiating with Respect to x cont’d

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Implicit Differentiation

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Example
Illustrative 2 – Implicit Differentiation
Examples:
e. Find dy/dx given that y3 + y2 – 5y – x2 = –4.

Solution:
1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect
to x.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Example 2 – Solution cont’d

2. Collect the dy/dx terms on the left side of the

equation and move all other terms to the right side of
the equation.

3. Factor dy/dx out of the left side of the equation.

4. Solve for dy/dx by dividing by (3y2 + 2y – 5).

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Copy first then answer in one whole sheet of paper
Try This! Differentiate using implicit
differentiation.
2 2
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25
2
2. 7𝑦 + sin 5𝑥 = 4𝑥
3. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑦2
4. 4 tan 2𝑥 + = 1 𝑥
4 4
5. 4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
Seat work 1.4
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Related Rates
In a related-rates problem, the idea is
to compute the rate of change of one quantity in terms
of the rate of change of another quantity—which may
be more easily measured.

❑ The procedure is to find an equation that relates

the two quantities and then use the Chain Rule to
differentiate both sides with respect to time.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Related Rates
Example #1. Air is being pumped into a spherical
balloon so that its volume increases at a rate of
100 cm3/s. How fast is the radius of the balloon
increasing when the diameter is 50 cm?

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Related Rates
Solutions:

Let V be the volume of the balloon and

let r be its radius.
In this problem, the volume and the radius are
both functions of the time t.
The rate of increase of the volume with respect
to time is the derivative dV / dt.
The rate of increase of the radius is dr / dt.

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Related Rates
Solutions:
• Thus, we can restate the given and
the unknown as follows:
• Given: dV = 100cm3 / s
dt

• Unknown: dr
when r = 25 cm
dt

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Related Rates
Solutions:
To connect dV / dt and dr / dt, first
we relate V and r by the formula for
the volume of a sphere:
V = r 4
3
3
If we put r = 25 and dV / dt = 100 in this
equation, we obtain:
dr 1 1
= 100 =
dt 4 (25) 2
25
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Related Rates
Example #2. A ladder 10 ft long rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom
of the ladder slides away from the wall at a rate of 1 ft/sec, find how fast
is the top of the ladder sliding down the wall when the bottom of the
ladder is 6 ft from the wall?

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success

 Related Rates
• Solutions:
In this problem, the relationship between
x and y is given by the Pythagorean Theorem:
x2 + y2 = 100 The fact that dy / dt is negative means that
the distance from the top of the ladder to
dx dy
2x + 2 y =0
the ground is decreasing at a rate of ¾ ft/s.
That is, the top of the ladder is sliding down
dt dt the wall at a rate of ¾ ft/s.

dy x dx
=−
dt y dt
dy 6 3
= − (1) = − ft / s
dt 8 4
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
 Copy first then answer in one whole sheet of paper
Try This
1. A ladder 20 ft long leans against a vertical wall. If the top of
the ladder slides downward at a rate of 2 ft/sec, find how fast
the lower ends is moving when it is 16 ft from the wall?
2. A light on the ground at the Mercado’s building is 30 meters
away from the building. Mr. Rodrigo is 2 meters tall. He walks
from the light to the building at 1 meter per second. How fast is
the shadow of Mr. Rodrigo on the building changing when the
man is 15 meters from the building?

Seat work 2.1

Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success
Calibrating through Commitment, Service, and Integrity, Soaring high in success