Quantum Circuits
Quantum Circuits
Just like we can draw a classical circuit diagram consisting
of bits and logic gates, we can draw quantum circuit
diagrams consisting of qubits and quantum gates.
HSTH|0⟩ :
With
Measurment
Quantum Circuits
A great web-based tool for simulating quantum circuits
is Quirk at : https://algassert.com/quirk
Another one is at https://thequantumlaend.de/quantum-
circuit-designer/
Quantum Circuits
Try HSTH|0⟩ with and
without Quirk
Quantum Circuits
Quantum Circuits
Mathematical
Representations
Mathematical Representations
Qubits are Column Vectors
We write |0⟩ and |1⟩ as column vectors
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A generic qubit with amplitudes α and β would be
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For example, |i⟩ can be written as a column vector:
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Question: A qubit is in the following state:
Write this state as a column vector.
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Gates are matrices
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Let
Applying U transforms this to
Using Matrix
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Then, as a
matrix,
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Question: Consider an operator U performs the following mapping
on the Z-basis states:
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Without Matrix
With Matrix
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HXH = Z
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Row Vectors
In quantum computing, we typically
use the conjugate transpose, which is
obtained by taking the complex
conjugate of each component of the
transpose. It is denoted by † (a dagger)
This is used so frequently in quantum
mechanics that bra-ket notation has a
special way of writing it: with an angle
bracket and a vertical bar, called a bra
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Then, a bra is the conjugate transpose of a ket, and
conversely, a ket is the conjugate transpose of a bra
DUAL DUAL
DUAL
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The Dual of Is given by
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Question: Consider the following two states |a⟩ and |b⟩
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is ⟨a| in terms of ⟨0| and ⟨1|?
(b) What is ⟨a| as a row vector?
(c) What is ⟨b| in terms of ⟨0| and ⟨1|?
(d) What is ⟨b| as a row vector?
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Inner Products :
Say we have two states,
The inner-product of |ψ⟩ and |φ⟩ is defined
as ⟨ψ| times |φ⟩:
SCALER
=
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Question: Consider
(a) Find ⟨a|b⟩
(b) Find ⟨b|a⟩
(c) What is the relationship between your answers to parts (a) and
(b)?
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