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12th Maths Activity No 5 (In NCERT Activity No 14)

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124 views2 pages

12th Maths Activity No 5 (In NCERT Activity No 14)

Uploaded by

bdjsjdnxnsj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Activity 5 (In NCERT Book Activity No 14)

Objective: To understand the concepts of local maxima, local minima and point of
inflection.

Material required: White paper, coloured pens, pencil, glue, items of geometry box.

Method of construction:
1. We take a white sheet paper and draw two perpendicular lines representing x-axis and
y-axis.
2. We draw a curve as shown in the figure.
3. We draw lines parallel to x –axis at the points A, B, C, D and P as shown in the figure.

Demonstration:
1. In the figure, lines at the points A, B, C and D represent tangents to the curve and are
parallel to the x –axis. The slopes of tangents at these points are zero i.e. the value of
the first derivative at these points is zero.
2. The line through the point P parallel to x –axis is also a tangent at P but it intersects
the curve.
3. At the point A, value of the function is less as compared to values of the function at
points near to A. Same is true for point B also. So Points A an B are the points of local
minima.
4. At the point C, value of the function is more as compared to values of the function at
points near to C. Same is true for point D also. So Points C an D are the points of local
maxima.
5. At the points near to P to the left of P, values of the function are less than the value
of the function at P. Also, at the points near to P to the right of P, values of the
function are more than the value of the function at P. So the point P is a point of
inflection.
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Observation:
1. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to the
immediate left of A is negative and immediate right of A is positive, So point A is a
point of local minima.
2. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to the
immediate left of B is negative and immediate right of B is positive, So point B is a
point of local minima.
3. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to the
immediate left of C is positive and immediate right of C is negative. So point C is a
point of local maxima.
4. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to the
immediate left of D is positive and immediate right of D is negative. So point D is a
point of local maxima.
5. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to the
immediate left of P is positive and immediate right of P is also positive. So P is a point
of inflection.

Application:
1. This activity may help in explaining the concepts of points of local maxima, local
minima and inflection.
2. The concepts of maxima/minima are useful in problems of daily life such as making of
packages of maximum capacity at minimum cost.

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