Substitution
At this level, technology replaces traditional tools directly without changing
the task fundamentally.
Traditional: Students write essays with pen and paper.
Substitution: Students type essays using a word processing software like
Microsoft Word.
Augmentation
Technology enhances the task, providing some functional improvement over
traditional methods.
Traditional: Students read a printed textbook.
Augmentation: Students read an e-book with digital highlighting and note-
taking features.
Modification
Technology enables significant task redesign, allowing for new possibilities
and activities that were not possible before.
Traditional: Students give oral presentations to the class.
Modification: Students create multimedia presentations using tools like
PowerPoint or video editing software, incorporating images, audio, and video
clips.
Redefinition
Technology leads to the creation of entirely new tasks that were previously
inconceivable without technology.
Traditional: Students write a research paper and present findings.
Redefinition: Students collaborate on a global online platform to conduct
real-time, international research with peers from different countries, creating
a multimedia-rich virtual exhibition to showcase their findings.
