UNCU WEEK 5

1 Society is a group of individuals engaged in continuous social interaction, or a large social group sharing
the same or special social territory, often governed by the same political authority and same cultural expectations govern.
Culture provides people with the norms, values, expectations, and other information needed to live with other members of
the group. The values and norms of a society are imparted or internalized by its members through socialization or cultural
processes.
Socialization is the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable like the values and customs of our
society or social group. We can distinguish three main aspects of; the contexts in which it occurs, the actual content
and processes people use to socialize others, and the results that arise from those contexts and processes.
Socialization refers to the coaching of novices to end up contributors of a current crew and to think, feel, and act in
approaches the team considers appropriate. Socialization is a central process in social life. Its importance has been noted
by sociologists for a long time, but their image of it has shifted over the last hundred years.
Socialization is learning on how our society and specific communities, or groups works so we can be a part of
them. It’s a process of working together in developing responsibility in our community. Individual learns to conform to the
norms and values in a group and develops his/her own self by learning and knowing about his/her own self from the others.
Socialization focuses on the following.
1. Acquisition of Knowledge, 2. Language, 3. Values, 4. Habits, 5. Skill in the Society

2 TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Primary Socialization- occurs early in a child’s lifestyle and is primarily due to have an impact directly from the family and
close friends. Through fundamental socialization, a baby learns basic societal norms and customs. Example Mano or
pagmamano as an "honoring-gesture" to the elders.
2. Secondary Socialization -occurs when a person learns on appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group
which still part of a larger society. Example joining a club or organization in college, getting employed in a new workplace.
3. Anticipatory Socialization-Adolescence is initiated between the ages of childhood and adulthood. During this stage,
children start to participate in Anticipatory Socialization. They also learn about their group culture and what they should
expect in the future.
4. Professional or Developmental Socialization- This process of socialization occurs during the early years of an individual's
life. It develops his skills and attitudes for the future and prepares him for the various roles and responsibilities that he will
assume as an adult.
5. Re-Socialization- When an individual moves to a new group, he has to learn the new values and beliefs of the new group.
This process of re-socialization helps him to get used to the new ways of life.

3 THREE PARTS OF SOCIALIZATION

1. Context - denotes culture, language, social structures, and the individual’s rank within them. It includes the history and
roles played by the people and institutions in the past.
2. Content and Process – the work or activity in socialization. Content refers to the details of what passed from a member to
a new member. While process means the interactions and ways these new norms, values and customs are thought to a
novice.
3. Results and Outcomes-refers to what happens to an individual after being exposed to a particular contents and process.

4 CONTEXT OF SOCIALZIATION
Biological Context - Sociobiologist suggest that some human capacities may be "wired into" our biological makeup. Some
hormones (i.e. vasopressin and oxytocin) encourage human to interact and socialize with other people.
Psychological Context - composed of (1) emotional states and unconsciousness (2) cognitive theories of development (3)
social and historical events (4) social position as part of the context
Socialization is also known as enculturation. Enculturation occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on to the next
bearer which will perpetuate and ensure the continuance of their traditions and practices (Santarita and Madrid, 2016).
For an individual to become a member of a society he/she must go through these two processes: socialization /
enculturation. For instance, act of courtesy and hospitality of Filipinos are acquired through socialization because these two
learned with their nearest group like family and friends. On the other hand, enculturation takes place when one culture or
tradition is adopted.

5 Overall enculturation and socialization process results to:

Identity formation – An individual’s identity is formed through his interaction with other people. A person’s socialization with
individuals or groups allows him or her to imbibe certain characteristics and interests that contribute to his/her identity. (Idea
derived from Newman, 2012). For example, the centuries of Philippine Chinese expose to Filipino culture made them imbibe
facets of Filipino character in the same way Filipinos learned to love Chinese culture like food (e.g. preference for noodle-
based cuisine like pancit).
Norms and values – On the other hand, norms are culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what is right,
wrong, proper, or improper. Norms create predictability in daily affairs and interactions, making it easier to live with other
members of society (Newman, 2012). These norms are fundamental to the establishment of social order in any society
(Newman, 2012).
Status – position that an individual can occupy in society (Newman, 2012). It is not ranked position, but simply a label that
implies certain roles that must be performed.

6 2 Types of Status

Achieved status is one that a person has earned or chosen based on his/her abilities and hard work. This is usually signified
by a certain profession, such as a professional athlete.
Ascribed status is not earned, and it is not something that people have control over. For instance, it can be ascribed to a
person's race or sex. Also, it is not usually a choice in most matters.
Social group is a collection of individuals who have relations with one another that make them interdependent to
some significant degree.
Interdependence – a necessary condition that exists within social groups because it is what enables its members to pursue
shared goals, value and principles.

7 It differentiates social group from an aggregate, or a mere collection of people within a particular place and time.

Members of society belong to the following social groups:

1. Primary group –a small, intimate, and less specialized group whereby members engaged in emotion-based interaction
and interdependence over an extended period of time.
2. Secondary group – a larger, less intimate and more specialized group whereby members engaged in objective-oriented
relationships for a limited period of time.
3. In-group- a group to which a person belongs, and with which he or she feels sense of identity. An out-group meanwhile, is
a group to which one does not belong and to which he or she may feel hostility.
4. Reference group – a group which has a strong influence on an individual’s, beliefs, values, behavior and attitude.
5. Network group –refers to the structure of relationship which has interconnections, ties, and linkages between people, their
groups, and the larger social institutions to which they all belong.