Additional Resources

Table 1. Volcano Characteristics

Most common
Tectonic Setting Typical type(s) of volcanoes Most common hazards Examples
magma type
Divergent plate Mid-ocean ridge; fissures and
Basaltic Lava flows; ejecta Mid-ocean ridges, Iceland
boundary vents; shield volcanoes
Varied: fissures and vents, Lava flows; explosive
Basaltic or Columbia River (OR, WA); Rio Grande Rift
Intracontinental flood eruptions, cinder cones, volcanism including
bimodal (NM, CO); Basin and Range (NV, UT, CA);
extension stratovolcanoes, caldera pyroclastic flows, ejecta,
silicic/basaltic East African Rift
complexes ash fall, lahars
Generally Cascades volcanoes including Mt. St.
Explosive volcanism:
Convergent plate intermediate, Helens; Pacific rim, Central American, and
Stratovolcanoes pyroclastic flows, ejecta,
boundary but can be silicic Caribbean volcanoes; Krakatoa; Tambora;
lahars, ash fall
or basaltic Galunggung; Pelee
Hot spots
Oceanic plate Basaltic Shield volcano Lava flows Hawaii
under

Continental Explosive volcanism (see

Silicic Caldera complex Yellowstone
plate above)

Table 2. Magma Types

Magma Composition Rock Type Silica Content Viscosity Flow Rate Explosiveness

Mafic Basalt Low Low High volume (runny and thin) Non-explosive

Intermediate Andesite Medium Medium Medium volume Intermediate

Felsic Tuff High High Low volume (thick and sticky) Very explosive

Table 3. Characteristics

SHAPES SLOPES COMPOSITION

Wide dome Low (0–10%) Mafic

Steep cone Medium (11–20%) Intermediate

Open crater with raised rim Steep (>20%) Felsic

 How to Navigate Google Earth Tours

Tours are created with a viewing experience in mind. Most slides will fly you to a specific location and are
designed for you to experience in 3D map mode with specific, initial viewing angles. You can move the
view around for further investigations. For this lab, all locations have been programmed in the slides
for you. You will not need to click on any place markers or use the “Search” function. Just move
through the slides using the slide arrow buttons, and you will be flown to the volcano location.

A recommended watch: Google Earth Basics Tutorial Video - https://youtu.be/-nN11Yhk8f0

This video shows you how to generally open up Google Earth Web, how to navigate the controls, and
how to zoom/pan/tilt the 3-D map views with your mouse and keyboard. It is not specific to Tours, but
provides the necessary details. Google Earth tours work best on Chrome Internet Browser, but it runs just
as well on other internet browsers. These tours are viewable on most platforms (e.g., laptops, Chrome
laptops, cell phones, tablets, etc.) and do not require any downloading of programs.

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
 LET’S BEGIN!
1. Click on the Volcanos Lab Google Earth tour link to launch the tour.
2. Familiarize yourself with the navigation controls.

Map viewer
Project’s Table of Contents window

Left-hand menu
pane where you
can access the
ruler tool, search,
Navigation
enable gridlines,
Controls
access Projects,
and other map
options.
Status Bar

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
3. Start the tour by clicking . You will be taken to the first slide of the tour.

4. Notice that the left-hand navigation pane is no longer viewable in “Present” mode. In Part 2 of the lab
assignment, you will need to use the ruler tool to answer some questions. To get back to the left-hand
menu pane, just click the back button (at upper left corner) to exit out of “Present” mode. Once you’ve
completed the measurement, go back to “Present Mode.”

Looking at the bottom left corner, you can see that there are 34 slides, and that you are on the Slide 1. To
move through the tour, click on the right and left arrows (at bottom left corner) to move between slides.
Note: It is recommended that you move to each stop by clicking on the left and right arrow
buttons. When needing to skip and return to a different slide, you can use the arrows OR the table
of contents button (as mentioned in Step 5 below).

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
5. You can skip and return to specific slides by clicking on the tour/project’s Table of Contents menu. Slide
numbers are listed on the right side of the Table of Contents menu.

Slide numbers

“Table of Contents” menu bar

6. When going through each slide, note if the info box contains any supplementary content that can help you
answer your questions. Most, but not all, info boxes will have photos, videos, and external links.

Content gallery may contain multiple files. Click the arrows

to review all of them. The paragraph(s) below will provide
any additional information regarding the attached content.

Additional resources that may be helpful are also listed,

which includes links to resources, online databases, and
panoramic views of the location stop.

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
 How to Move Around

Keyboard & Mouse shortcuts

Arrow keys
Move the globe
(pan the view)
Left-click and hold down on your mouse.
Rotate the globe Shift + arrow keys
Hold down shift key, hold down left-click
Tilt the view
button on mouse.
Windows: Page up / page down
Mac: Fn + up or down arrow keys

Double-click (left for zoom in)

Double-click (right for zoom out)
Zoom in/out
Use mouse scroll

Click on the + or – buttons on bottom-

right corner.

Navigate by Zooming

Zoom In by Double-Clicking the Map

The simplest way to zoom in to an area on the map is to double-click directly on the location you want to
zoom in to.

If you have a scrolling wheel on your mouse, you can zoom in that way.

If you are using a trackpad on a laptop, you can hold your finger(s) down and slide back and forth on the
trackpad.

You can click the + or – button on your keyboard to zoom in and out.

Zoom In Using Placemarks

In Google Earth, a placemark is a symbol that marks a location. The default placemark symbol is a
pushpin with a text label.

Zoom in on Mt. St. Helens using an existing placemark:

1. Double-click the Mt St. Helens placemark icon on the map. Google Earth will zoom to the
that location.

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
Zoom Out and In Using the Mouse
Zoom out from Mt. St. Helens with your mouse, using one of these methods:

 If your mouse has a scroll wheel or trackball, move your mouse over the map and roll the
wheel or ball DOWN (toward yourself).
 or, move your mouse over the map, right-click, and move your mouse DOWN (toward
yourself).

Zoom in to Mt. St. Helens with your mouse, using one of these methods:

 If your mouse has a scroll wheel or trackball, move your mouse over the map and roll the
wheel or ball UP (away from yourself).
 or, move your mouse over the map, right-click, and move your mouse UP (away from
yourself).
 NOTE: If you zoom in far enough, the view point tilts up until you are looking parallel to
the ground.

Navigate by Tilting

Tilt Using Your Mouse

Tilting lets you change the downward angle of your view, from a nadir (straight down) view to
a tangent or horizon (parallel to the ground) view.

1. Zoom to Mt. St. Helens using your mouse or the navigation controls.
The Eye Alt value at the right end of the Status Bar represents the elevation of your
viewpoint.
2. If your mouse has a scroll wheel or trackball, tilt the view by holding down the SHIFT key
and scrolling DOWN to tilt the Earth toward nadir view, or scrolling UP to tilt the Earth
toward horizon view.
3. If your mouse doesn't have a scroll wheel, hold down the left mouse button while you
move the mouse forward or backward to tilt the view.

Tilt Using the Keyboard

You can also tilt using the keyboard:

1. Hold down the SHIFT key and press the up arrow key on your keyboard to tilt up toward
the horizon.
2. Hold down the SHIFT key and press the down arrow key to tilt down toward the nadir.

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources
 Navigate by Looking and Moving Around

Look and Move Around

In Google Earth, you can look around and move around. These are different, and it's useful to know the
difference. Think of looking around as turning your head around from one vantage point to another.
Moving around involves walking from one place to another. Both actions change your perspective.

To move around using the mouse, hold down the SHIFT key while moving the mouse from side to side.
(Moving the mouse diagonally while holding the SHIFT key tilts the view as it rotates—beware of motion
sickness if you do this too much!)

1. To look around using the keyboard, hold down the SHIFT key and press the right arrow
key to rotate clockwise and the left arrow key to rotate counterclockwise.
To move around:

1. To move around with the mouse, click and drag directly on the map in any direction.
2. You can also move around using the arrow keys on your keyboard—up (forward), down
(backward), left, and right.

It’s a big world out there.

Get “out” and explore!

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GEOL 1121K Volcano Lab – Additional Resources