2024-2025
RA GEETA SR SEC
SCHOOL
SHANKAR NAGAR
DELHI-110051
[Document title]
computer science PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY:-
DEEPANSHU SHARMA
ROLL NO:
Certificate
This is to certify that
Deepanshu Sharma
Has successfully completed his computer science
project titled
ONLINE RAILWAY TICKET RESERVATION
Under the supervision and guidance of
Mrs. Ruchi Vyas
(Subject teacher)
In the partial fulfilment of c.s practical assessment
conducted during the academic year 2024-2025
EXAMINER TEACHER
__________ __________
ACKNOWLEDGEM
ENT
I extend my sincere thanks to my dedicated
computer teacher, Mrs. Ruchi Vyas, for their
exceptional guidance and support during the
execution of this engaging C.S project. Their
mentorship and encouragement have been
vital in enhancing my understanding of the
subject matter.
I am also indebted to my parents and friends
for their unwavering belief in my abilities and
for providing valuable assistance throughout
the project’s journey. Their unwavering
support has kept me motivated and focused.
Furthermore, I am grateful to the school
administration for granting us the opportunity
to explore and showcase our scientific acumen
through this project. Their continuous support
has been immensely encouraging and
inspiring.
INTRODUCTION
The Online Railway Ticket Reservation
System is a web-based platform designed
to streamline the process of booking train
tickets. It enables passengers to reserve
train seats, check availability, make
payments, and even manage reservations
from the convenience of their homes or
mobile devices. This digital system
replaces traditional methods of waiting in
line at ticket counters, offering a more
efficient and user-friendly way to plan
train journeys.
Online railway reservation systems
typically provide a range of functionalities,
including:
1. Ticket Booking and Seat Selection:
Users can view available trains, select
preferred seats or berths, and make
bookings based on their travel
schedule.
2. Real-time Availability and Pricing:
The system displays real-time
information on seat availability, fare
details, and class options, making it
easier for passengers to make informed
choices.
3. Payment and Confirmation:
Integrated with secure payment
gateways, the system supports online
payments, allowing users to instantly
confirm and receive their tickets.
4. PNR and Booking Management:
Each ticket is assigned a unique PNR
(Passenger Name Record) number,
which allows passengers to check the
status of their reservation, download e-
tickets, or make changes if necessary.
5. Cancellation and Refunds: In case
of a change in plans, passengers can
use the system to cancel bookings and
initiate refund processes.
Benefits of an Online Railway Ticket
Reservation System
Convenience: Travelers can book
tickets anytime and from anywhere
with internet access.
Time-saving: The system eliminates the
need to wait in long queues, saving
time for passengers.
Transparency: Detailed information
about train schedules, routes,
availability, and fares enhances
transparency.
Reduced Operational Costs:
Automating the booking process
reduces the need for physical counters,
optimizing resources for railway
authorities.
ONLINE RAILWAY TICKET RESERVATION
Online Railway ticket reservation is very useful nowadays.
This is very important to design a good-working system
software for ticket booking and related transactions. To
design it, full-track documentation of models(ER, DFD, Class,
Use-case, Activity, Sequence) is required as per as software
development is concerned.
Features of the System:
The Reservation system should contain the following
features:
1. If a passenger wants to reserve ticket(s), firstly, he/she
has to log in to the Railway system with valid
credentials. Then, the passenger has to provide his/her
details with the date of the journey, names of the
passengers and their details, origin station details,
destination station details, and the class type of the
required ticket(s).
2. The Railway Reservation System will provide the
available Train-list, and Seat-availability, via-details.
3. To book a ticket passengers can pay through
online/offline mode. After successful payment of the
ticket fare the System will generate the ticket and PNR
no. will be given to the passenger. The System also
keeps the payment details and sends them to the
system Admin.
4. The Passenger can check PNR status (confirmed, RAC,
waiting list) by entering the PNR no. into the Reservation
system.
5. The Reservation system should store all train details,
fare details (by zone, class, and date wise), PNR no, date
of trains, etc. This maintenance should be controlled by
the Admin.
6. The System also has refund rules which have a date of
reservation, ticket fare, and refundable percentage. The
passenger can simply cancel the ticket(s) by entering the
PNR no and a cancel ticket request. After cancelation,
the Admin will pass the refundable amount to the
System and the System will give the refundable amount
to the passenger.
Building an online railway ticket reservation system involves
multiple components, including user interfaces, databases,
and server-side processing. This project helps in
understanding system interactions that covers system design
fundamentals for building robust applications.
Required Diagrams:
Entity Relationship(ER) Diagram:
ER diagram displays the relations between the various
entities(classes and their attributes) stored in the database.
ER diagrams are very important for any database project.
This diagram shows the communication between entities and
their attributes.
The above ER diagram illustrates the key information about
the railway reservation system, including entities like
PAX_info, Login_credentials, Ticket_reservation, refund_rule,
via_details, train_fare, Train, Seat_availability, Class, Zone,
station, pay_info. This diagram also shows the relationships
between entities.
Entities and their attributes are:
PAX_info: Attributes of PAX_info entity are Passenger_id
(primarykey) ,SRL_no ,PAX_name ,PAX_age ,PAX_sex ,fare,se
at_no.
Login_credentials: Attributes of Login_credentials entity
are login_id(PK) , password.
Ticket_reservation: Attributes of Ticket_reservation
entity are PNR_no(pk),to-date, from-date, to-km, from-
km, to-station, from-station, Train_code.
Refund_rule: Attributes of refund_rule entity are to-
time, from-time, refundable-amt.
via_details: Attributes of via_details entity are
Details_id(PK), Train_code, via_station_code,
km_from_origin, Reach_time.
train_fare: Attributes of train_fare entity are to-date,
from-date, to-km, from-km, Fare, Class_id.
Train: Attributes of Train entity are Train_code(PK),
Distance, Train_name, Start_time, End_time,
Start_station_code, End_station_code, Frequency.
Seat_availability: Attributes of Seat_availability entity
are Train_code, Class_code, and Number of seats.
Class: Attributes of Class entity are Class_id(PK),
coach_prefix, class_code, Class_name, seat_per_coach.
Zone: Attributes of Zone entity are zone_id(PK),
Zone_name,Zone_code.
Station: Attributes of station entity are
Station_id(PK),Station_code,station_name, zone_id.
Pay_info: Attributes of Pay_info entity are
payment_id(PK), pay_mode, amount, pay_date, srl-no,
PNR_no, inst_type, inst_amt.
Relationships between Entities:
One-to-one relation: PAX_info to login_credentials ,
PAX_info to refund_rule, Train to Via_details, Class to
train_fare, PAX_info to pay_info.
Many-to-one relation: PAX_info to ticket_reservation,
Zone to the station, Class to seat_availability.
Many-to-many: Train to the station, Train to class.
Data-Flow Diagram(DFD):
This diagram represents various operations by dataflow
movement.
Level 0 DFD:
Level 1 DFD:
Class Diagram:
These diagrams describe the operation and attributes of a
class with imposed constraints in the system. In this article
the classes to be considered are ‘payment’, ‘train’,
‘passenger’, ‘ticket’, ‘railway reservation system’, ‘admin’.
The description of the classes is given below.
Class Attributes Processes
Payment amount ticketGeneration
train code, train
Train —
name, frequency
login, search Train,
modify the form,
PAX_id,
passenger pay charges, book
name,age,sex
tickets now ticket,
cancel tickets
PNR_no, status,
payment type,
train code search new Ticket, delete
ticket
train, tickets
date of journey
railway system response
Class Attributes Processes
reservation
system
formDetails,
Admin ID, name cancellationForm,
refundAmt
Use-Case Diagram:
By using use case diagrams, the interactions between a
system and the users within that system will be represented.
Use-Case Descriptions:
The relationship between the actors and the use cases of the
online Railway reservation system is given below–>
1. Passenger Entity: Use cases of passengers are login,
ticket availability, Filling the form, Book ticket, Canceling
ticket, and Refund money.
2. Railway Reservation System: Use cases of the Railway
Reservation System are login, ticket availability, Fill the
form, Book ticket, Cancel ticket, and Refunding money.
3. Admin: use cases of Admin are Print ticket, refund
money. Admin also controls the whole Railway
Reservation System in different cases.
Activity Diagram:
This diagram shows the flow of processes from one to
another activity
.
Sequence Diagram:
This diagram shows how and in which order a group of
objects works together in a system. This is an interactive
diagram and this is mostly used by software developers.
CONCLUSION
The Online Railway Ticket Reservation
System has revolutionized the way
passengers book and manage their train
journeys. By offering an easy-to-use,
accessible, and reliable platform, it has
replaced traditional ticketing methods
with a streamlined, efficient digital
process. This system not only benefits
passengers by saving them time and
effort but also supports railway
authorities in managing reservations,
optimizing resources, and improving
service quality. Overall, the Online
Railway Ticket Reservation System
stands as a prime example of how digital
transformation can enhance public
transportation services, making train
travel more accessible, transparent, and
convenient for millions of passengers
worldwide.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Indian Railways Catering and Tourism
Corporation (IRCTC). IRCTC Official
Website. https://www.irctc.co.in.
2.Online Railway Reservation Systems: A
Technological Overview. Retrieved from
ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/.
3. Smith, J., & Kumar, R. (2020). Digital
Transformation in Public Transport: A Case
Study on Online Railway Reservation
Systems. International Journal of
Technology and Innovation, 5(3), 45-62.
