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CONSUMER CHEMISTRY
Quarter 1 - Organic Chemistry
Week 3 Module 3: Saturated and
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Consumer Chemistry — Grade 9 Special Science Elective
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Organic Chemistry
Week 3 Module 3: Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2nd Edition, September 2021
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Published by the Department of Education-Division of Cebu City Schools
Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar Angtud, CESO VI
Development Team of the Module
Writer / Compiler: MARY JANE B LUCERO, Teacher III, Apas National HS
ENGR. ZENAIDA C. GRAPA, MT II, Talamban NHS
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons are divided into two classes: aromatic
compounds and aliphatic compounds, also known as non-aromatic hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic compounds can be divided into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, based
on the presence of single, double, or triple bonds in the chemical structure. Aromatic
compounds or arenes, contain a benzene ring, which alters their properties.
However, our focus in this module is all about aliphatic compounds that
includes saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
What I Need to Know
This module will allow you to learn about saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
So, let’s start. Just read and follow the instruction in this module. Good luck
and have fun!
In this module, you are expected to:
1. classify the different classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons;
2. compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons;
3. name aliphatic hydrocarbons given their formulas; and
4. write the molecular or condensed structural formula given the name of the
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
What I Know
Directions: Write the letter of your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A saturated hydrocarbon always has _________
A. a ring C. at least one double or triple bond
B. only single bonds D. more carbon atoms
2. Which hydrocarbon compound has a single bond in the molecule?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Alkyl
3. Alkene is a hydrocarbon structure with carbon to carbon double bond. C 6H12
could represent an _______.
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Alkyl
4. The hydrocarbon molecule with molecular formula of C5H8 is named as ______.
A. butyne B. hexyne C. pentyne D. propyne
5. Hexene is an example of hydrocarbon alkene. How many number of carbon
3
and hydrogen atoms are present in hexene?
A. 3 carbon and 6 hydrogens C. 5 carbons and 10 hydrogens
B. 4 carbons and 8 hydrogens D. 6 carbons and 12 hydrogens
6. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
only. Which of the following hydrocarbons consist of single bond only?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Organic
7. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Crude
8. Which alkane has four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms?
A. butane B. hexane C. methane D. propane
9. Butyne is one of the alkyne hydrocarbon compound. What is the molecular
formula of butyne?
A. C3H4 B. C4H6 C. C5H8 D. C6H10
10. Hydrocarbons are grouped into three families namely alkane, alkene and
alkyne. How many bonds are present in alkyne?
A. double B. multiple C. single D. triple
11. Alkene is an example of hydrocarbon compound with double bond. What is
the IUPAC name of CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH – CH3?
A. butene B. decene C. hexene D. pentene
12. Alkane, alkene and alkyne are the groups of hydrocarbon. What is the general
formula of alkyne hydrocarbon?
A. CnH2n B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1
13. Which of the following is the condensed structural formula of C 3H8?
A. CH3 – CH2 – CH3 C. CH3 – CH2 – CH2
B. CH2 – CH2 – CH2 D. CH2 – CH2 – CH3
14. Which of the following is the molecular formula of CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3?
A. C3H6 B. C4H8 C. C5H10 D. C6H12
15. The carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon can form single, double or triple bonds.
The simplest way to represent a hydrocarbon with the number of atoms is
called ______ formula.
A. condensed B. chemical C. molecular D. structural
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
What’s In
Count the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms of the given hydrocarbons
in Table 1. Write your answers in a tabular form on your answer sheet.
Table 1. Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons No. of C No. of H
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1.
2. CH3 -CH3
3. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
4. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What’s New
Identify two consumer products below that contain aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Write your answer on your paper.
Fig. 1 – Consumer products
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/485755509780040080/
What is it
Saturated Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only the elements
hydrogen and carbon.
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds
between carbons atoms. They are the simplest class of hydrocarbons. They are called
saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as
possible. In other words, the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen
In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the bonds are single bonds. Alkane is another
name for a saturated hydrocarbon.
Alkanes
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Alkanes are organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon
and hydrogen atoms and lack any other functional groups. Alkanes have the
general formula CnH2n+2. With this formula, you can determine an alkane’s molecular
formula from its number of carbon atoms. For example, butane has 4 carbon atoms,
so its molecular formula is C4H10. An alkane’s IUPAC name always ends in this suffix
- ane. The root part of an alkane’s name tells you how many carbon atoms it has.
Table 2. Hydrocarbon Prefixes
Number of Carbon Atoms
Root Word Condensed Formula
1 Meth- CH3
2 Eth- CH3-CH3
3 Prop- CH3-CH2-CH3
4 But- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
5 Pent- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
6 Hex- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH3
7 Hept- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH3
8 Oct- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH2-CH3
9 Non- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH2-CH2-CH3
10 Dec- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-
CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Steps for Naming Alkanes
1. Identify the root word / parent chain.
●Identify
the longest continuous chain.
●Find the root name for the number of carbons in the chain.
2. Identify the suffix.
●Longest chain has 6 carbon atoms
●Root name is hex-
●Compound is alkane
●Suffix is -ane
Example:
Condensed formula →CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
1 2 3 4 5 6
IUPAC Name → Hex + ane → Hexane
Molecular formula → C6H14
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double or triple
covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. The term “unsaturated” means more
hydrogen atoms may be added to the hydrocarbon to make it saturated.
Alkenes
unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon to carbon double
bond. The names of molecules in the alkene family end in the suffix-
ene.
more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of double bond.
General formula for alkenes is CnH2n because alkenes have 2 fewer
hydrogen atoms than alkanes. In naming alkenes and alkynes, follow
the steps in naming alkanes but changing the suffix to - ene or - yne.
unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon to carbon double
bond. The names of molecules in the alkene family end in the suffix -
ene.
more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of double bond.
General formula for alkenes is CnH2n because alkenes have 2 fewer hydrogen
atoms than alkanes. In naming alkenes and alkynes, follow the steps in naming
alkanes but changing the suffix to -ene or -yne.
Alkynes
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unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon
triple bond. The general formula is CnH2n-2. Alkynes use the ending -
yne
unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon to carbon double
bond. The names of molecules in the alkene family end in the suffix -
ene
more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of double bond
General formula for alkenes is CnH2n because alkenes have 2 fewer hydrogen
atoms than alkanes. In naming alkenes and alkynes, follow the steps in naming
alkanes but changing the suffix to -ene or -yne.
Table 3. Alkenes
Table 4. Alkynes
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Table 5. Structure of Hydrocarbons
What’s More
Activity 1
Alkanes
Objectives:
1. Identify and name simple (straight-chain) alkanes given formulas
2. Write formulas for alkanes given their names.
Materials:
Paper Pen
Procedure:
1. For task A, supply the missing word/words in the paragraph below.
2. Given the number of carbon atoms, write the IUPAC name, condensed
formula, and molecular formula of the following alkanes. Refer to the table
in task B. The first number is given as an example.
A. On a separate sheet of paper, copy and supply the missing word/s in the
paragraph.
An alkane is a type of __________ hydrocarbon, which means it contains
only _____and ________atoms. Alkanes are organic compounds that consist of
________ atoms. The general formula for an alkane is _______.
B. Copy and fill-out the table.
No. of Carbon IUPAC Name Condensed Molecular Formula
Atoms Formula
2 Ethane CH3 – CH3 C2H6
9
3
4
5
6
7
Guide Questions:
1. What is the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in decane?
2. What is the molecular formula of octane?
Activity 2
Alkenes and Alkynes
Objectives:
1. Write the molecular formula of the following compound.
2. Give the IUPAC name of the compound.
Materials:
Paper Pen
Procedure:
1. Study the given structures below.
2. Write the molecular formula of the compound.
3. Give the IUPAC name of the compound.
1. 5.
H H
| |
H–C=C–C-H
| | CH2 = CH2
H H
2. 6.
CH3 – C ≡ C - CH3 CH3 – C ≡ C - CH2 – CH2 – CH2 - CH3
3. 7.
H H H H
| | | | CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH - CH3
H–C–C–C≡C–C–C-H
| | | |
H H H H
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4.
H H H 8. H H H H H H
| | | | | | | | |
H–C– C = C–H H-C– C–C=C–C–C- H
| | | | |
H H H H H
Guide Questions:
1. What is an alkene? An alkyne?
2. What is the general formula for alkene? For alkyne?
What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the paragraph below and write the answers on your paper.
Because of the existence in great number of organic compounds, they are
being classified so that they can be studied by similarities. Two main groups of
carbon compounds are (1) _____ and (2) _____. The hydrocarbons have only the
elements (3) ___ and (4) _____. Hydrocarbons can be (5) _____ which have open chain
and (6) ____ with ring structure. When the chemical bonds joining the carbon atoms
are all single bonds, the structure is described as (7) _____. When there are double
or triple bonds between carbon atoms, the structure is described as (8)______.
Saturated hydrocarbons belong to the (9) ____ family. Aliphatic hydrocarbon
containing double bonds are called (10) _____, while those containing triple bonds
are called (11)_____.
The large number of carbon compounds is the result of (12) _____. The
phenomenon wherein a variety of different structures may conform with one
molecular formula is called (13) ______. Different structures that have the same
molecular formula are called (14) ______.
What I Can Do
Using available materials at home, c reate a simple model of any of the
following:
1. alkane 2. alkyne 3. Alkene
Criteria for rating your output:
Relevance to the topic – 35 %
Creativity - 35 %
Punctuality/Neatness – 30 %
Total - 100 %
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Assessment
Direction: Write the letter of your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the condensed structural formula of C 3H8?
A. CH3 – CH2 – CH3 C. CH3 – CH2 – CH2
B. CH2 – CH2 – CH2 D. CH2 – CH2 – CH3
2. Which of the following is the molecular formula of CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH – CH3?
A. C3H6 B. C4H8 C. C5H10 D. C6H12
3. Hexene is an example of hydrocarbon alkene. How many number of carbon and
hydrogen atoms are present in hexene?
A. 3 carbon and 6 hydrogens C. 5 carbons and 10 hydrogens
B. 4 carbons and 8 hydrogens D. 6 carbons and 12 hydrogens
4. Hydrocarbons are grouped into three families namely alkane, alkene and
alkyne. How many bonds are present in alkyne?
A. double B. multiple C. single D. triple
5. Alkene is an example of hydrocarbon compound with double bond. What is the
IUPAC name of CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH – CH3?
A. butene B. decene C. hexene D. pentene
6. Alkane, alkene and alkyne are the groups of hydrocarbon. What is the general
formula of alkyne hydrocarbon?
A. CnH2n B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1
7. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Alkyl
8. Which alkane has 4 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms?
A. butane B. hexane C. methane D. propane
9. Butyne is one of the alkyne hydrocarbon compound. What is the molecular
formula of butyne?
A. C3H4 B. C4H6 C. C5H8 D. C6H10
10.Which hydrocarbon compound has a single bond in the molecule?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Alkyl
11. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
only. Which of the following hydrocarbons consist of double bond?
A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alkyne D. Alkyl
12.The hydrocarbon molecule with molecular formula of C 5H8 is named as _____.
A. butyne B. hexyne C. pentyne D. propyne
13. The carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon can form single, double or triple bonds.
The simplest way to represent a hydrocarbon with the number of atoms is
called _____ formula.
A. condensed B. chemical C. molecular D. structural
14. A saturated hydrocarbon always has _____.
A. a ring C. at least one double or triple bond
B. only single bonds D. more carbon atoms than hydrogen atoms
15. Alkene is a hydrocarbon structure with carbon to carbon double bond. C 6H12
could represent an _____.
A. alkane B. alkene C. alkyne D. alkyl
References
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A. Books
LeMay, et.al, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World, Prentice
Hal
B. Photo Credits
https://images.app.goo.gl/yNZZNQubz2S4neit6
https://images.app.goo.gl/ngjbKLNy8CPgG4VWA
https://images.app.goo.gl/UKHLese8XWUyMAFx5
https://images.app.goo.gl/JRZv7uT2Zfi24yPp6
https://images.app.goo.gl/JusG1wEhXGL6knqh6
https://images.app.goo.gl/aeJ1xdTdNvHPydHU6
C. Links
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry_A_Molec
ular_Approach
https://www.assignment.com/science/physics/about-
hydrocarbon.html
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https3A2F2Fwww.slideshare.net2Fm
obile2Fsaisukesaiful2Fintroduction-of-organic-chemistry
Answer Key
Guide Questions:
7
6
13 5
4
3
C 2H 6 CH3 – CH3 Ethane 2
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Activity No. 2
Alkenes and Alkynes
1. 1-Propene 5. Ethene
C 3H 6 C 2H 4
2. Butyne 6. 2- Heptyne
C 4H 6 C7H12
3. 3-Hexyne 7. 2-Pentene
C6H10 C5H10
4. 1-Propene 8. 3-Hexene
C 3H 6 C6H12
Guide Questions:
1. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond.
2. General formula for alkene is C nH2n and CnH2n-2 for alkyne.
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