RECTILINEAR MOTION Contents Page No. Theory Exercise-1 Exercise -2 Exercise-3 Exercise -4 Answer Key Syllabus Kinematics in one dimension.RECTILINEAR MOTION KEY CONCEPTS THINGS TO REMEMBER : = | se vdtsy fea 1 ve jae ® . Fa ae where the symbols have their usual meaning 2. The equations of motion for a body moving in straight line with uniform acceleration, are @ — veusat di) veur+2as (wy) ssu+t ant wm s(%2} 3. Ifa body is thrown vertically up with a velocity u in the uniform gravitational field then (neglecting air resistance) () Maximum nigh atained = £ (ii) Time of ascent = time of descent & Gil) Total time of fight = (iv) Velocity of fall at the point of projection = u downwards 4, KINEMATIC GRAPH : Slope of the displacement time graph at any particular time gives the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at that particular time Slope of the v-t graph will give the magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration. The area between the v-t graph, the time axis and the ordinates erected at the beginning & end of ime interval considered will represent the total displacement of the body. ETO! ETOOSINDIA.COM “Etods India's No.t Online Coaching for JEE Main & Advancod ~~ rd Floor, H.No.50 Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan 324005 HelpDesk : Tel. 092142 33303PART - 1: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS * Marked Questions are having more than one correct option. Section : (A) Distance and Displacement A-1. Aman walks 3m in east direction and then 4m in north direction. Distance covered and the displacement covered by man. (A) 7m, 6m (8) 7m, 5m (C) 7m, 1m (0) 7m, 7m A-2. Acar starts from P and follows the path as shown in figure. Finally car stops at R. Distance travelled and (A) 48m, 36m (B) 48m, 42m (C) 48m, 32m (D) 48m, 40m Section : (B) Average speed and average velocity B-t. Acar travels from Ato B at a speed of 20 km h~’ and returns at a speed of 30 km hr’. The average speed of the car for the whole journey is : (A) 5km h* (8) 24 kmh (C) 25 km tr* (0) 50 km b* B-2". Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock. In one hour (A) the displacement is zero (B) the distance covered is zero (C) the average speed is zero (D) the average velocity is zero B-3.* A person travelling on a straight line without changing direction moves with a uniform speed v, for half fance and next half distance he covers with uniform speed v, . The average speed vis given by 244 detigalt = WMiN2 Ov Vy ve OV Ve _ 2viV2 (AY eve (8) 1 1 B-4. Abody covers first ~ part of its journey with a velocity of 2 m/s, next = part with a velocity of 3 m/s. and rest of the journey with a velocity 6m/s. The average velocity of the body will be 1 8 4 (A) 3 mis @) 3 ms (©) 5 ms (0) 5 mis Section : (C)Equations of motion and motion under gravity C-4. The distance travelled by a particle is proportional to the squares of time, then the particle travels with (A) Uniform acceleration (B) Uniform velocity {C) Increasing acceleration (D) Decreasing velocity €-2. Astone is released from an elevator going up with an acceleration a and speed u. The acceleration and speed of the stone just after the release is (A) a upward, zero (B) (9-2) upward, u (C) (g-a) downward, zero (D) g downward, uC3. C5. C7. C9. C10. Aparticle moving with a constant acceleration from A to Bin the straight line AB has velocities uand vat Aand B respectively. If Cis the mid-point of AB then the velocity of particle while passing C will be view 2 (8) ‘A stone A is dropped from rest from a height h above the ground. A second stone B is simultaneously thrown vertically up from a point on the ground with velocity v. The line of motion of both the stones is same. The value of v which would enable the stone B to meet the stone A midway (at mid point) between their initial positions is (A)2gh (8) 2Vgh (C) fen (0) 2sh. A ball thrown up in vacuum returns after 12 sec. Its position after five seconds will be same as after : (A) 7 sec (B) 3 sec (C) 4 sec (0) 3.5 sec The points A, B, Cand Die in a vertical line such that AB = BC = CD. If a body falls from rest at A, then the times of descent through AB, BC and CD are in the ratio of (A) 1: V2:v3 (8) J2:V3:1 (C) 5:1: (0): (W2—-D:W3-V2) ‘A body when projected vertically up covers a total distance D. The time of its flight is t. If there were no gravity, the distance covered by it during the same time is equal to (ayo @)D (©) 2D (0) 4D particle is projected vertically upwards from a point Aon the ground. It takes t, time to reach a point B but it stil continues to move up. If it takes further t, time to reach the ground from point B then height of point B from the ground is 1 1 2 1 (A) 58th +t @att © gst” OZ abt Balls are thrown vertically upward in such a way that the next ball is thrown when the previous one is at the maximum height. If the maximum height is Sm, the number of balls thrown per minute will be (a) 40 (8) 50 (©)60 (0) 120 An object is tossed vertically into the air with an initial velocity of 8 m/s. Using the sign convention upwards as positive, how does the vertical component of the acceleration a, of the object (after leaving the hand) vary during the flight of the object? (A) On the way up a, > 0, on the way down a, > 0 (B) On the way up a, < 0, on the way down a, > 0 (C) On the way up a, > 0, on the way down a, <0 (D) On the way up a, < 0, on the way down a, < 0 Section : (D) Graph related questions D-1*. Which of the following v-t graphs are not possible = t t t wf V2, o- Cc ©” GoD-2. The figure shows a velocity-time graph of a particle moving along a straight line, vims") 10 2 4 6 8 is) D-3. Figure shows the position time graph of a particle moving on the X-axis. x yw i 2t, t (A) the particle is continuously going in positive x direction (8) area under x-t curve shows the displacement of particle (C) the velocity increases up to a time t,, and then becomes constant. (D) the particle moves at a constant velocity up to a time t,, and then stops. x D-4. The displacement-time graph of a moving particle is shown. The instantaneous velocity of the particle is negative at the point yc (B)D (VE (O)F D-5. The variation of velocity of a particle moving along a straight line is shown in the figure. The distance travelled by the particle in 4 s is : virns) 20 10) 1a2s4 ve (A) 25m (8) 30m (C)55m (0) 60mD7. Ds. D-10. D-11. A particle starts from rest and moves along a straight line with constant acceleration. The variation of velocity v with displacement S is A) (8) Yo (c) a (0) / *s *s *s *s ‘The acceleration time plot for a particle (starting from rest) moving on a straight line is shown in figure for given time interval. ateus’) is) (A) The particle has zero average acceleration (B) The particle has never tumed around. (C) The panticle has zero displacement {D) The average speed in the interval 0 to 10s is the same as the average speed in the interval 10s to 20s. Which of the following graph correctly represents velocity-time relationship for a particle released from rest to fall freely under gravity? If position time graph of a particle is sine curve as shown, what will be its velocity-time graph. ALA “ hoe 6) Le: oA © Re ‘Aman moves in x-y plane along the path shown. At what point is his average velocity vector in the same direction as his instantaneous velocity vector. The man starts from point P. WA eB wc Position-ime graph is shown which is a semicircle from t = 2 to t= 8sec. Find time t at which the instantaneous velocity, is equal to average velocity over first t seconds (A) 4.8 sec (B)3.2 sec (©)2.4 sec (0) 5 secSection : (E) Variable Acceleration Ea. E3. E-4, Es. E6. For motion of an object along the x-axis, the velocity v depends on the displacement x as v = 3x? — 2x, then what is the acceleration at x = 2 m. (A) 48 ms* (8) 80 ms* (©) 18 ms* (0) 10 ms* The initial velocity of a particle is given by u (at t= 0) and the acceleration by f, where f = at (here tis, 2 time and a is constant). Which of the following relation is valid? (A) v=u+at® (B)v (C)v=utat (Dv particle moves along a straight line according to the law S* =at” + 2bt +c. The acceleration of the particle varies as (a) s* (8) sv (cs? (0) s*?. A point moves rectiinearly with deceleration whose modulus depends on the velocity v of the particle as g=—kyy where k is a constant, k >0. At the initial moment the velocity of particle is v,, ‘At some moment velocity of particle is zero. find the distance travelled by the particle til that instant 20 No No 3\\Mo k k (A) t “ k 2k (a) t wt (0) ‘An object is moving along the x axis with position as a function of time given by x = x(t). Point Ois at x= 0. The object is definitely moving toward O when (A) dxddt <0 (8) dxidt >0 (©) de) /at<0 (0) dp2yet > 0 Apaticle starts moving rectilinearly at time t = 0 such that its velocity Vv changes with time 't according to the equation v = 2 —t where tis in seconds and vis in m/s. The time interval for which the particle retards is (yte12 (@)12 1 PART - MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS Comprehension Type Questions Comprehension # 1 3. Aparticle starting from rest has a constant acceleration of 4 m/s* for 4 seconds. Itthen retards uniformly for next 8 seconds and comes to rest. ‘Average acceleration during the motion of the particle is (A) 4 mis® (8) zero (C) 8mis? (0) -4 mise Average speed during the motion of the particle is (A) 8 mis (B) zero (C) 4mvs (D) 16 mis ‘Average velocity during the motion of the particle is (A) zero (8) 8mis (C) 2mvis (0) 4mvisComprehension # 2 ‘The figure shows a velocity-time graph of a particle moving along a straight line Choose the incorrect statement. The particle comes to rest at (t=0s ()t=5s ()t=8s (0) none of these lai Identity the region in which the rate of change of velocity | | of the particle is maximum (A) 0102s (8) 2104s (0) 4t06s (0) 6to8s If the particle starts from the position x, = —15 m, then its position at t = 2s will be (a)-5m (8) 5m (©) 10m (0) 15m The maximum displacement of the particle is. (4)33.3.m (8) 233m ()183m (0) zero The total distance travelled by the particle is (A) 66.7 m (8) 51.6m (©) zero (0) 36.6 m Comprehension # 3 10. 1. ‘The x-t graph of a particle moving along a straight line is shown in figure The vt graph of the particle is correctly shown by 2 (8) TS (cy % (A) % The a-t graph of the particle is correctly shown by wor rr © A © rw The speed-time graph of the particle is correctly shown by spend spend A spent spend “ rt @) at © rc)Match the Column : 12. 13. In the s-t equation ( Table-1 (A) Distance travelled in 3s (B) Displacement in 1s {C) Initial acceleration {D) Velocity at 4s, = 10 + 20t ~ 5t?) match the following : Table-2 {p) ~20 unit (@) 45 unit (9) 25 unit (s)- 10 unit Column I gives some graphs for a particle moving along x-axis in positive x-direction. The variables v, x and t represent speed of particle, x-coordinate of particle and time respectively. Column II gives certain resulting interpretation. Match the graphs in Column I with the statements in Column Il Column 1 v A) v = xgraph <, ® © ) v= graph Column I (p) Acceleration of particle is uniform (q) Acceleration of particle is nonuniform (0) Acceleration of particle is directly proportional to ' (8) Acceleration of particle is directly proportional to xAssertion & Reason type questions 14. 15. 16. 17. ‘Statement-1 : Positive acceleration in rectilinear motion of a body does not imply that the body is speeding up. ‘Statement-2 : Both the acceleration and velocity are vectors. (A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2is correct explanation for statement-1 (6) Statement is true, statement-2is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-4 (C) Statement-tis true, statement2 is false (0) Statement-t is false, statement-2 is tue Statement -1 : A patticle having zero acceleration must have constant speed. Statement -2 : A particle having constant speed must have zero acceleration. (A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1 (8) Satement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1 (C) Statement-+ is false, statement-2is true. {D) Statement-+ is true, statement-2 is false. block in a straight line. The velocity position graph cannot, be as shown. ‘Statement-1 : A student performed an experiment by moving a certain 1 Statement-2: When a particle is at its maximum position in rectilinear ‘motion its velocity must be zero. (A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1 (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1 (C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false, (0) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. Statement-1 : If the velocity time graph of a body moving in a straight line is as t shown here, the acceleration of the body must be constant, y Statement-2: The rate of change of quantity which is constant is always zero. = (A) Statement-t is true, staterent-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1 (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement. (C) Statement-+ is false, statement-2 is true. (0) Statement-+ is true, statement-2 is false. PART - 1: MIXED OBJECTIVE Single Correct Answer Type ‘An abject moving with uniform acceleration has a velocity of 12.0 cm/s in the positive x direction when its x coordinate is 3.00 cm. If its x coordinate 2.00 s later is - 5.00 cm, what is its acceleration(in cm/s)? (a)-16 (8) 16 (12 (08 Abody starts from rest and is uniformly acclerated for 30 s. The distance travelled in the first 10 sis x,, next 10 sis x, and the last 10 sis x,. Then x, : x, :, is the same as, (ay :234 (8)1:2:5 (0)1:3:5 (0)1:3:9 The position coordinate of a particle that is confined to move along a straight line is given by x =20-24t+6 where x is measured from a convenient origin and t is in seconds. Determine the distance travelled by the particle during the interval from t=1 sec to t = 4 sec. (A) 72m (8) 74m (c) 68m (0) 37m9. 10. 1. 12. oases The deceleration experienced by a moving motor boat, after its engine is cut-off is given by “gr = “KV”, where kis constant. If v, is the magnitude of the velocity at cut-off the magnitude of the velocity at a time t after the cut-off is Yo (A) v2 @yv (©) ve" ©) vent Alf is descending with uniform acceleration. To measure the acceleration , a person in the lift drops a coin at the moment when lft was descending with speed 6 ft/s. The coin is § ft above the floor of the lift at time itis dropped. The person observes that the coin strikes the floor in 1 second. Calculate from these data, the acceleration of the lift. [Take g = 32 vs] (A)20 tts? (8) 11 tes? (©) 22 tus? (0) 12 fs? A body starts with an initial velocity of 10 m/s and moves along a straight line with a constant acceleration. When the velocity of the particle is 50 m/s the acceleration is reversed in direction. Find the velocity of the particle when it reaches the starting point. (A) 70 mis. (8) 50 m/s (©) 45 mis (0) 49 ms ‘The displacement of a particle in a straight line motion is given by s = 1 + 10t —5t?. The correct representation of the motion is (A) (8) (c) (0) T T T T Aball is thrown upwards with speed v from the top of a tower and it reaches the ground with speed 3v. What is the height of the tower? a» at oo” » (A) Q (8) 9 «c) 9 (D) @ Astone falls freely from rest and the total distance covered by it in the last second of its motion equals the Gatence covered by tn the fit three seconde of te moion ‘The stone remain inthe a for (A)5s (B)8s (C)10s (0) 15s The greatest acceleration or deceleration that a train may have is a. The minimum time in which the train ‘may reach from one station to the other separated by a distance d is, [a pa 1 fa a (A) Vr 8) (c) 5 D) 2 WF ey Os ©) Acceleration versus velocity graph of a particle moving in a straight line starting from rest is as shown in figure. The corresponding velocty-time graph would be 2 4) @) © © 7 7 7 7 It takes one minute for a passenger standing on an escalator to reach the top. If the escalator does not move it takes him 3 minute to walk up . How long willit take for the passenger to arrive at the top if he walks up the moving escalator ? (A) 30 sec (B) 45 sec (C) 40 sec (0) 35 secMultiple Correct Answer(s) Type 13. 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. A particle moves with constant speed v along a regular hexagon ABCDEF in the same order. Then the ‘magnitude of the average velocity for its motion from Ato 3 (A) Fis v5 (8) Dis wis ()Cisv (0) Bisv Mark the correct statements for a particle going on a straight line = (A) if the velocity is zero at any instant, the acceleration should also be zero at that instant (©) if the velocity is zero for a time interval, the acceleration is zero at any instant within the time interval (C) if the velocity and acceleration have opposite sign, the object is slowing down (0) if the position and velocity have opposite sign, the particle is moving towards the origin Let v and @ denote the velocity and acceleration respectively of @ body in one-dimensional motion (A) | VI must decrease when a <0 (8) Speed must increase when a> 0 (C) Speed will increase when both v and a are <0 (©) Speed will decrease when V<0 and a > 0 Let v and a denote the velocity and acceleration respectively of a body (A) a can be non zero when v = 0 (8) a must be zero when v = 0 (C) a may be zero when v2 0 (0) the direction of a must have some correlation with the direction of v particle initially at rest is subjected to two forces. One is constant, the other isa retarding force proportional to the particle velocity. In the subsequent motion of the particle (A) the acceleration will increase from zero to a constant value (B) the acceleration will decrease from its intial value to zero (©) the velocity will increase from zero to maximum and then decrease (0) the velocity will increase from zero to a constant value. Pick the correct statements (A) two stones are dropped from the same point after an interval of 1 second. If g is 10 ms ~*, then the separation after 3 seconds of the release of first stone is 25m (8) a ball projected up with a velocity v reaches a point P in its path at t, and t, seconds. The height 1 of point P above the ground is atyt, (C) a ball projected up with velocity v reaches a point P in its paths at t, and t, seconds. Then 1 ve path +h) (0) the acceleration of a body thrown vertically upwards is g at the highest point Starting from rest a particle is first accelerated for time t, with constant acceleration a, and then stops in time t, with constant retardation a,. Let v, be the average velocity in this case ands, the total displacement. In the second case, itis accelerated for the same time t, with constant acceleration 2a, and comes to rest with constant retardation a, in time t. If v, is the average velocity in this case and s, the total displacement, then : (A) vy = 2, BA, vy (4) their velocities depends on their masses ‘Speeds of two identical cars are u and 4u at a specific instant. The ratio of the respective distances at which the two cars are stopped from that instant is IAIEEE - 2002, 4/300] (at 1:4 1:8 (4) 1:16 The coordinates of a moving particle at any time t are given by x= at’ and y = pt. The speed of the particle at time tis given by [AIEEE - 2003, 4/300] (1) yo? +p? (238 Yo? +p? ye a? +p (4 fara ‘A car moving with a speed of 50 km/hr, can be stopped by brakes after at least 6 m. if the same car is moving at a speed of 100 km/hr, the minimum stopping distance is [AIEEE - 2003, 4/300] (1) 12m (2) 18m (3)24m (46m A balls released from the top of a tower of height h metres. It takes T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position of the ball in T/3 seconds? [AIEEE - 2004, 4/300] (1) 9 metre from the ground (2) 7/9 metre from the ground (3) 81V9 metre from the ground (4) 17h/9 metre from the ground ‘An automobile travelling with a speed of 60 km/h, can brake to stop within a distance of 20 m. I the car is going twice as fast, ie. 120 kmih, the stopping distance will be [AIEEE - 2004, 4/300] (1)20m (2) 40m (3) 60m (4) 80m ‘The relation between time t and distance xis t= ax’ + bx, where a and b are constants. The acceleration is: [AIEEE 2005, 4.300] (1) abv" (2) 2b" (3) av (4) 2a ‘Acar, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a distance S, then continues at constant speed for ft time t and then decelerates at the rate > to come to rest. If the total distance travelled is 16 S, then TAIEEE 2005, 4/300] 1 1 1 (ys=tt (2) S= git @)S= 73 (s= Git A particle is moving eastwards with a velocity of 5 ms”. In 10 second the velocity changes to 5 ms northwards. The average acceleration in this time is [AIEEE 2005, 4/300] p 1 (1) Jy ms” towards north-west (2 3 ms* towards north 1 (3) zero (4) 3 ms towards north-west.1. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. A parachute aor baling out fll 60 m without hiction. Whon parachute opens, it deceleration at 2 ns? He reaches the ground with a speed of 3 m/s. At what height, did he bail out? [AIEEE 2005, 4/300) (1)91m (2) 182m (3) 293m (4) 111m Aparticle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving along the positive x-direction with a velocity v that vaties as v= qx/x The dsplacement ofthe particle varies with me as [AIEEE-2006, 9/180] (ye? ae or On The velocity of a particle is v= v, + gt + ft”. Ifits position is x= 0 at t= 0, then its displacement after unit time (t=1)is [AIEEE 2007, 3/120] ge g (1) v, +29 + 3 Qy+F+ 3 ()v, +948 yt pet ‘Apantcie has an initial velocity of 3i , 4] and an acceleration of 0.4i + 0.3}. ts speed after 10s is : IAIEEE 2009, 4/144] (1) 72 units. (2) 7 units (3) 8.5 units (4) 10 units A particle is moving with velocity v = K(yi + x]) , where K is a constant. The general equation for its path i: [AIEEE 2010, 4/144) 2 + constant ()y=x2+ constant — (2) 2 +eonstant (3) xy=constant (4)? aw ‘An object, moving with a speed of 6.25 mis, is decelerated ata rate given by “4 =-2.5 Jy where vis the instantaneous speed. The time taken by the object, to come to rest, would be: [AIEEE 2011] (1) 18 (2) 2s (3) 48 (4) 85 NCERT QUESTIONS 1. 3. In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point object : () a railway carriage moving without, jerks between two stations (b) a monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track {(c) a spinning cricket ball that turns sharply on hitting the ground. (d) a tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table. The position-time (x-) graphs for two children 7A and B returning from x! their schoo! O to their homes P and Q respectively are shown in figure. Q Choose the correct entries in the brackets below x {@) (A/8) lives closer to the school than (B/A) (b) (A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A) (c) (AB) walks faster than (B/A) B (d) Aand B reach home at the (same/different) time (e) (AB) overtakes (BIA) on the road (once/twice) woman starts from her home at 9.00 am, walks with a speed of 5 km h~ ona straight road up to her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office up to §.00 pm, and returns home by an auto with a speed of 25 km h~’. Choose suitable scales and plot the x-t graph of her motion,10. ‘A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again by 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1. Plot the x-t graph of his, motion. Determine graphically and otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall ina pit 13m away from the start, ‘Acar moving along a straight highway with speed of 126 km h-' is brought to a stop within a distance of 200 m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed uniform), and how long does it take for the car to stop ? player throws a ball upwards with an initial speed of 29.4 m s~*. (a) What is the direction of acceleration during the upward motion of the ball ? (b) What are the velocity and acceleration of the ball at the highest point of its motion ? (c) Choose the x = 0 m and t = 0 s to be the location and time of the ball at its highest point, vertically downward direction to be the positive direction of x-axis and give the signs of position, velocity and acceleration of the ball during Its upward, and downward mation. (d) To what height does the ball rise and alter how long does the ball return to the player's hands ? (Take 9 = 9.8 m sand neglect air resistance), ball is dropped from a height of 90 m on a floor. At each collision with the floor, the ball loses one tenth of its speed, Plot the speec-time graph of its motion between t = Oto 12 s. ‘Aman walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km h Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km h'. What is the {a) magnitude of average velocity, and (b) average speed of the man over the interval of time (i) 0 to 30 min. (i) 0 to 50 min (i) 0 to 40 min ? [Note: You will appreciate from this exercise why itis better to define average speed as total path length divided by time, and not as magnitude of average velocity. You would not like to tell the tired man on his return home that his average speed was zero !] Look at the graphs (a) to (d) (Fig.) carefully and state, with reasons which of these cannot possibly represent one-dimensional motion of a particle. x 4 Speed v Total path length 8 i @ (b) © (a) Figure shows the x-tplot of one-dimensional motion of a particle. Is it correct o say from the graph that the particle moves in a straight line for t <0 and on a parabolic path fort >0 ? If not, suggest a suitable physical ‘context for this graph,11. Suggest a suitable physical situation for each of the following graphs (Fig) x v x Y \ we > 8 \ t t @ ) © 42. Figure gives the x-t plot ofa particle executing one-dimensional simple harmonic mation. (You will learn about this motion in more detail in Chapter14). Give the signs of position, velocity and acceleration variables of the particle at t= 0.3, 1.28,- 128. 13. Figure gives the x-tplot of a particle in one-dimensional motion. Three different equal intervals of time are shown. In which intervals the average speed greatest, and in which is it the least? Give the sign of average velocity for each interval. 14, Figure gives a speed-time graph of a particle in motion along a constant direction. Three equal intervals of time are shown. In which interval is the average acceleration greatest in magnitude ? In which interval is the average speed greatest? Choosing the positive direction as the constant direction of motion, give the signs of v and a in the three intervals. What are the accelerations at the points A, B.C and D?15. 16. ‘The speed-time graph of a particle moving along a fixed direction is shown in figure. Obtain the distance traversed by the particle between (a) t= 0s to 10, (b) t= 2s to6s. Speed (ms ) The velocity lime graph of a particle in one-dimensional motion is shown in figure. Which of the following formulae are correct for describing the motion of the particle over the time-interval t, tot, (a) x(t,) = x(t,) + v (t,)(t, -t) + (1/2) a (t,— (b) vit.) = vit,) + (t,t) (0) gene = (X(t) = X(t) / (t,t) (8) Verne = (W(E) — Wet) (Gt) (6) xl) = X(t) + Vieng (= 8) # (172) Bang = 1)? (#) x(t,) —x(t,) = area under the v-t curve bounded by the t-axis and the dotted line shown.At 2. co. E2. 13. 14. 20. n. 12. 17. (8) Ae © 3 (© cto. (®) Dr (8) E3. ® 2 (98. (A) (A) (D) (ABD) ) (a) 6) BA. C4. D-t*. D8. E-4, 3. 10. (A)a.s (8)p (C)p (ar a 2 © » (BCD) 15. (ABC) 24. NAA © (a) (co) (AC) Viva +V2V5 +ViVg 3. 10. 16. 22. EXERCISE-1 PART-1I (8) BR. (AD) BS" (AC) Bd. (A) CH. (A) () cs (a) ce () C7 © ca ©) (8CD) D2 (C) D3. (0) D4 (C) DS. (C) () D9 (©) DAO (C) DM @) Et. (8) (*) 5. (6) EB (8) PART - Il @ 4 @® 5. © 6 a 7 (A) O 1. © 12 rasp 14 (A) 15 (0) 18), EXERCISE-2 PART-1 (8) 4 (2) 5 c) 6 “a 7 (0) © 1% © 12 (@ 13 (acd) (AC) 17, (BD) 18. (ABCD) 19. (AD) (AC) 23 (AD) 24. (ABCD)25. (Cc) PART-II aR 4 2R @ > > (a) 25 mls. (b) 12.5 sec. (c) 156.25 m (d) 9 seconds 50m ; 2m/s? ; 20 m 42knvhr 10. Yo a = + 16 cm/s “4 4 6 6 7% 5 & 25m Because particle is slowing down so velocity & acceleration are in opposite direction. bh 5s 13, 362sec. 14. (é) 15. 50m 16. 122.7 km/hr 74m10. 1. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. EXERCISE-3 PART -I “M2 8 2 © 4 & PART - IL Mo 2 @ 2 4&4 2 & @ & @ 7% 4) (3) a (3) 10. (i) in (3) 12. (3) 13. (2) 14. (4) (4) 16. (2) EXERCISE-4 (@), 0) {a) A....B, (b) A....B, (c) B....A, (d) Same, (e) 378 3.06 ms?; 11.45, (a) Vertically downwards ; (b) zero velocity, acceleration of 9.8 m s-? downwards ; (¢) x>0 (upwards and downward motion); v < 0 (upward), v > 0 (downward), a > 0 throughout ; (0) 44.1 m, 6s. + 45; kmh! 8 (@) 5kmh-',§ kmh; (b) 0; 8 kmh; (¢) S2kmh Al the four graphs are impossible. (a) a particle cannot have two different positions ate the same time; (b) a particle cannot have velocity in opposite directions at the same time ; (c) speed is always non-negative; (d) total path length of a particle can never decreases with time. (Note, the arrows on the graphs are meaningless). No, wrong. x-t plot does not show the trajectory of a particle. Context : A body is dropped from a tower (x=O)att=0. {a) Aball at rest on a smooth floor is kicked, it rebounds from a wall with reduced speed and moves to the opposite wall which stops it; (b) A ball thrown up with some initial velocity rebounding from the floor with reduced speed after each hit; (c) A uniformly moving cricket ball turned back by hitting it with a bat for a very short time-interval. x<0,v<0,a>0;x>0,v>0,a<0;x<0,v>0,a>0 Greatest in 3, least in 2; v>0 in 1 and 2, v 0 in 1, 2. and3; a >Oin 1 and3,a<0in2; a=0atA,B,C,D. (@)60m,6ms* i (b) 36m, 9ms" (0), (@),