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(Week 03) Flow of Control (Selection)

WIX1002

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15 views20 pages

(Week 03) Flow of Control (Selection)

WIX1002

Uploaded by

qitengfeng27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WIX1002

Fundamentals of Programming
Semester 1 2015/2016

Chapter 3
Flow of Control (Selection)
Contents
 Introduction
 Relational Operator
 Logical Operator
 if
 if-else
 ultiway if-else
 switch
 Ternary Operator
 Common Error
Introduction
 Flow control is to used to specify the order of the
statements to be executed.
 Program can be written in three types of flow control
namely the sequence, selection and repetition.
 When the statements are executed one after the other
in order, it is called the sequence flow.
 A selection flow chooses among alternative courses
of action.
 A repetition flow specifies that an action is to be
repeated while some condition remains true.
Introduction
 Computer programs often need to make decisions,
taking different actions depending on the condition.
 In Java, if and switch statement are used to carry out
the decision.
 The statement is controlled by the boolean expression.
 Relational/Conditional operator can be used in the
boolean expression.
 If there is more than one constraint/condition in the
decision making, the logical operators are used to
merge multiple constraint/conditions.
Relational Operator
 The relational operator tests the relationship between
two values.

Operator Description Examples

== Equal a==b

!= Not Equal c!=d

> Greater than x>y

>= Greater than or equal x>=y

< Less than a<b

<= Less than or equal a<=b


Logical Operator
 The logical operator is used to create complex Boolean
expression by merging multiple constraints/conditions.

Operator Description Examples

&& AND (true && true is true, others false) a==b && c==d

|| OR (false && false is false, others true) c!=d || a<b

! NOT (!false is true. !true is false) !(x>y)


if
 if statement is used to implement a decision. It consists
of condition and body.
 If the condition is true, the body of the statement is
executed.
if ( condition1 )
statement 1;

// use brace { more than 1 statements


if ( condition1 ) {
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
if
if (number > 0)
System.out.println("The number is positive");

if (result < 50) {


System.out.println("You did not pass");
System.out.println("Try harder next time");
}
if-else
 if-else statement chooses between two alternative
statements based on the condition or boolean
expression
if ( condition1 )
statement 1;
else
statement 2;

if (myScore > yourScore)


System.out.println("I Win!");
else
System.out.println("You Win!");
if-else
// use brace { more than 1 statements
if ( condition1 ) {
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
else {
statement 3;
statement 4;
}
if-else
 String Comparison
 When testing string for equality, DO NOT USE ==
operator. Use equals or equalsIgnoreCase.(ignore
capital letters between two strings)
 String.equals(other_string)

 String.equalsIgnoreCase(other_string)

String s1, s2;


if (s1.equals(s2))
System.out.println("They are equal strings.");
else
System.out.println("They are not equal strings.");
if-else
 Alphabetical Order
 Lexicographic ordering is used to order alphabet
according to ASCII ordering. Use compareTo and
compareToIgnoreCase.
 String.compareTo (other_string)

 String.compareToIgnoreCase(other_string)

 s1.compareTo(s2)
 Return negative value if s1 comes before s2.

 Return positive value if s2 comes before s1.

 Return zero if s1 is equal to s2.


Multiway if-else
 Multiway if-else statement is the if-else statement nested
inside the if-else statement
if ( condition1 )
statement 1;
else if ( condition2 )
statement 2;
else if ( condition3 )
statement 3;
else
statement 4;
Multiway if-else
if (myScore > yourScore)
System.out.println("I Win!");
else if (myScore < yourScore)
System.out.println("You Win!");
else
System.out.println("Tie!");
switch
 switch statement can be used to represent multiway if-
else statement.
switch ( condition1 ) {
case Label1:
statement 1;
break;
case Label2:
statement 2;
break;
default:
statement 3;
}
switch
switch (number) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Satu");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Dua");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Tiga");
break;
default:
System.out.println("This program accepts the number from 1 to 3
only");
}
Ternary Operator
 The ternary operator ? : is similar to if-else statement
 condition1 ? statement1 : statement2
 If the condition1 is true, the statement1 will be
executed.
 If the condition1 is false, the statement2 will be
executed.
 y = x >=0 ? x : -x;
Common Error
 if number > 0
 System.out.println("No bracket");
 if (x > 5 * (y - z)
 System.out.println("Miss one bracket");
 if (0 <= mark <= 100)
 System.out.println("Invalid syntax");
 if (choice = 'Q')
 System.out.println("Equal sign error");
 if (age > 21 and mark > 80)
 System.out.println("and should be &&");
Common Error
 switch (monthNum) {
case 1:
System.out.println("January");
case 2:
System.out.println("No break");
}

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