Name: Amelia Hunter
Date: February 15, 2024
Title: Chemistry IP-Implementation
Hypothesis: Brand A will have a higher concentration of sodium bicarbonate making it a
better cleaning product than Brand B
Aim: To determine which brand has a high concentration of sodium bicarbonate; Brand A or
B
Apparatus and Materials: conical flask, electric balance, white tile, 5g of both brands of
Sodium Bicarbonate, screened methyl orange, distilled water, sulphuric acid, measuring
cylinder, burette
Method:
1. Two conical flasks were labelled Brand A and Brand B.
2. Using the electronic balance 5 cm³ of Brand A of sodium bicarbonate was measured
into the conical flask.
3. Using the measuring cylinder 50 cm³ of distilled water was measured and added to the
conical flask dissolving the sodium bicarbonate.
4. A few drops of screened methyl orange was added to the conical containing the
sodium bicarbonate solution.
5. The burette was filled to the 50 cm³ mark with the sulphuric acid and the initial
volume was recorded.
6. The sulphuric acid was titrated against the sodium bicarbonate solution until a colour
change was observed.
7. The titration was repeated until a total of three runs was collected and the volumes for
each were recorded.
8. The results were then tabulated.
Results:
TABLE SHOWING EACH TITRATION RESULT AND THE RESPECTIVE
RECORDED VOLUME
Titre Brand of Volume of acid Initial Burette Final Burette
Baking Soda used cm³ Reading cm³ Reading cm³
1 Arm and 15.6 50 15.6
Hammer
Baking Soda
Red Brand 15.5 50 15.5
Baking Soda
2 Arm and 15.5 50 15.5
Hammer
Baking Soda
Red Brand 15.6 50 15.6
Baking Soda
3 Arm and 15.6 50 15.6
Hammer
Baking Soda
Red Brand 15.5 50 15.5
Baking Soda
Observations:
Arm and Hammer
1. Calculate the average titre/volume of acid used
15.6+15.5+15.6
Brand A: 3
= 15. 6 cm³
15.5+15.6+15.5
Brand B: 3
= 15. 5 cm³
2. Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid of for each Brand
H2SO4
# of moles= molar concentration × volume used
Brand A:
=2.0 moldm³ → 2000 cm³
=x → 15.6 cm³
=2×15.6/2000
=0.0156 moles
Brand B:
=2.0 moldm³ → 2000 cm³
=x → 15.5 cm³
=2×15.5/2000
= 0.0155 moles
3. Write the balanced equation
2NaHCO3 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2CO2(g)
2 mole of NaHCO3: 1 mole of H2SO4
4. Find the molar mass of sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3
=23+1+12+(16*3)
=84g
5. Find the number of moles of sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3
moles= molar concentration * volume
Brand A:
=2.0*0.0156
=0.0312
=3.12 *10^-2 mol
Brand B:
=2.0*0.0155
=0.031
=3.1*10^-2 mol
6. Mass and Molar concentration for both brands
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
Molar conc= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Brand A:
−2
3.12×10 × 1000
= 50
=0. 624
=6.24 ×10^-1 mol dm^-3
Brand B:
−2
3.1×10 ×1000
= 50
=0. 62
=6.2 ×10^-1 mol dm^-3
Mass conc= 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐. × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Brand A:
=6.24 ×10^-1 × 84
=52.416 gdm^-3
Brand B:
=6.2 ×10^-1 × 84
=52.08 gdm^-3
Discussion: Brand A has a concentration of 52.416 gdm^-3 and Brand B has a concentration
of 52.08 gdm^-3. Since Brand A has a higher concentration it would be the better cleaning
product because as seen in the mole calculations the greater the number of mole, that is 3.12
*10^-2 mol for Brand A and 3.1*10^-2 mol for Brand B, the easier it is for the sodium
bicarbonate to break down organic matter and remove stains which are key aspects of
effective cleaning.
Limitation:
● If both baking soda brands were not pure that could have affected the experiment
Sources of Errors:
● Not reading the burette from eye level may affect the recorded readings.
● Air bubbles being in the burette during titration.
Conclusion: From the experiment it was determined that Brand A has the higher
concentration of 52.416 gdm^-3 in comparison to Brand B concentration; 52.08 gdm^-3
making Brand A a better cleaning product.
Reflection: The use of baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is prevalent in everyday life,
particularly in cleaning and cooking. Baking soda is known for its natural deodorising and
abrasive properties, making it a popular ingredient in homemade cleaning solutions. In
cleaning, knowing the concentration of sodium bicarbonate in different brands can impact the
effectiveness of the cleaning solution. A higher concentration of sodium bicarbonate might
result in a more potent cleaning agent, allowing for more stubborn stains or odours to be
removed with ease. The impact of the knowledge gained is beneficial to the consumers as it
provides them with valuable information about the quality of different brands of baking soda
with this information, they are able to make informed decisions when purchasing baking soda
for their cleaning or cooking needs. One improvement could be using a different indicator.
Methyl orange may not be the most suitable indicator for this experiment, as it changes
colour at a relatively high pH; around 4.4 to 6.2. Given that sodium bicarbonate is a weak
base, it would be better to use an indicator that changes colour closer to its equivalence point;
around pH 8.3. Phenolphthalein, for example, is a suitable indicator for this type of titration.
