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Manual of Romance Word Classes
Book · August 2024
DOI: 10.1515/9783110746389
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Anna-Maria De Cesare Giampaolo Salvi
Technische Universität Dresden Eötvös Loránd University
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Manual of Romance Word Classes
MRL 36
Manuals of
Romance Linguistics
Manuels de linguistique romane
Manuali di linguistica romanza
Manuales de lingüística románica
Edited by
Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez-Miret
Volume 36
Manual of Romance
Word Classes
Edited by
Anna-Maria De Cesare and Giampaolo Salvi
ISBN 978-3-11-074591-7
e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-074638-9
e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-074647-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2024934069
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Cover image: © Marco2811/fotolia
Typesetting: jürgen ullrich typosatz, Nördlingen
Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck
www.degruyter.com
Manuals of Romance Linguistics
The international handbook series Manuals of Romance Linguistics (MRL) offers an exten-
sive, systematic and state-of-the-art overview of linguistic research in the entire field of
present-day Romance Studies.
MRL aims to update and expand the contents of the two major reference works
available to date: Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik (LRL) (1988–2005, vol. 1–8) and
Romanische Sprachgeschichte (RSG) (2003–2008, vol. 1–3). It also seeks to integrate new
research trends as well as topics that have not yet been explored systematically.
Given that a complete revision of LRL and RSG would not be feasible, at least not in
a sensible timeframe, the MRL editors have opted for a modular approach that is much
more flexible:
The series will include approximately 60 volumes (each comprised of approx. 400–
600 pages and 15–30 chapters). Each volume will focus on the most central aspects of its
topic in a clear and structured manner. As a series, the volumes will cover the entire
field of present-day Romance Linguistics, but they can also be used individually. Given
that the work on individual MRL volumes will be nowhere near as time-consuming as
that on a major reference work in the style of LRL, it will be much easier to take into
account even the most recent trends and developments in linguistic research.
MRL’s languages of publication are French, Spanish, Italian, English and, in excep-
tional cases, Portuguese. Each volume will consistently be written in only one of these
languages. In each case, the choice of language will depend on the specific topic. English
will be used for topics that are of more general relevance beyond the field of Romance
Studies (for example Manual of Language Acquisition or Manual of Romance Languages
in the Media).
The focus of each volume will be either (1) on one specific language or (2) on one
specific research field. Concerning volumes of the first type, each of the Romance lan-
guages – including Romance-based creoles – will be discussed in a separate volume. A
particularly strong focus will be placed on the smaller languages (linguae minores) that
other reference works have not treated extensively. MRL will comprise volumes on
Friulian, Corsican, Galician, among others, as well as a Manual of Judaeo-Romance Lin-
guistics and Philology. Volumes of the second type will be devoted to the systematic pre-
sentation of all traditional and new fields of Romance Linguistics, with the research
methods of Romance Linguistics being discussed in a separate volume. Dynamic new
research fields and trends will yet again be of particular interest, because although they
have become increasingly important in both research and teaching, older reference
works have not dealt with them at all or touched upon them only tangentially. MRL will
feature volumes dedicated to research fields such as Grammatical Interfaces, Youth
Language Research, Urban Varieties, Computational Linguistics, Neurolinguistics, Sign
Languages or Forensic Linguistics. Each volume will offer a structured and informative,
easy-to-read overview of the history of research as well as of recent research trends.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110746389-202
VI Manuals of Romance Linguistics
We are delighted that internationally renowned colleagues from a variety of
Romance-speaking countries and beyond have agreed to collaborate on this series and
take on the editorship of individual MRL volumes. Thanks to the expertise of the volume
editors responsible for the concept and structure of their volumes, as well as for the
selection of suitable authors, MRL will not only summarize the current state of knowl-
edge in Romance Linguistics, but will also present much new information and recent
research results.
As a whole, the MRL series will present a panorama of the discipline that is both
extensive and up-to-date, providing interesting and relevant information and useful
orientation for every reader, with detailed coverage of specific topics as well as general
overviews of present-day Romance Linguistics. We believe that the series will offer a
fresh, innovative approach, suited to adequately map the constant advancement of our
discipline.
Günter Holtus (Lohra/Göttingen)
Fernando Sánchez-Miret (Salamanca)
June 2024
Table of Contents
Anna-Maria De Cesare and Giampaolo Salvi
Introduction 1
I. Romance word classes:
theoretical and historical foundations
Christian Lehmann
1 Theoretical foundation for a classification of words 13
Giampaolo Salvi
2 How to classify words 41
Giorgio Graffi
3 Word classes in the history of Western grammar 69
Laurent Vallance
4 Parts of speech in the Romance grammars of the Renaissance 97
II. Word classes in the major Romance languages
Ignacio Bosque
5 Nouns 117
Adriana Orlandi
6 Adjectives 147
Giuliana Giusti
7 Determiners 177
Anna Cardinaletti
8 Pronouns 207
Giuliana Giusti and Anna Cardinaletti
9 Quantifiers 237
Giuliano Bernini
10 Negation and negative expressions 265
VIII Table of Contents
Elisabetta Jezek
11 Verb classes 297
Luis García Fernández and Diego Gabriel Krivochen
12 Auxiliary verbs 325
Mario Squartini
13 Grammatical categories of the verb 345
Guido Mensching and Eva-Maria Remberger
14 Verbal categories expressing syntactic dependencies 367
Martin Hummel
15 Adverbs 401
Anna-Maria De Cesare
16 Focalisers 431
Federica Cognola and Manuela Caterina Moroni
17 Modal particles 449
Ludo Melis
18 Prepositions 471
Benjamin Fagard
19 Conjunctions 499
III. Word classes in smaller Romance varieties
Xavier Bach and Myriam Bras
20 Word classes in Occitan 527
Eva-Maria Remberger
21 Word classes in Sardinian 549
Matthias Grünert
22 Word classes in Romansh 575
Jan Casalicchio
23 Word classes in Ladin 607
Table of Contents IX
Diego Pescarini
24 Word classes in Northern Italian dialects 633
Adam Ledgeway
25 Word classes in Southern Italian dialects 661
Jean-Louis Rougé and Georges Daniel Véronique
26 Word classes in Romance-related Creoles 689
IV. Romance word classes and their interfaces: new horizons
Anna Gavarró and Elena Pagliarini
27 Word classes and psycholinguistics 725
Giuliano Bernini
28 Word classes and learner varieties 743
Lorenzo Gregori, Walter Paci and Massimo Moneglia
29 Word classes and corpus linguistics 769
Domenica Romagno
30 Word classes and neurolinguistics 797
Corinne Rossari and Claudia Ricci
31 Exploring the behaviour of connectives within a textometric perspective 819
Index 843
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