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IB Physics Topic 2 Summary Notes

Summary notes of IB physics topic 2 Mechanics.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
61 views4 pages

IB Physics Topic 2 Summary Notes

Summary notes of IB physics topic 2 Mechanics.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ormulaeinthecatabooklet

toyaior TANANARIVE
Utat pmv
SWAT equations FElse En MV FBI
2
Iat
42 295 be swap
Accelerationmust
constant
EpEKsx2
sEpmgDh
ÉmÉÉe Fst sp
powerFu Notindatabooklet
48488894 orfofaYYYE.htepten erandp.AT
Efficiency

efinitions
isplacementdistancetravelledinaparticulardirection
elocityrateofchangeofdisplacement
Averagespeedspeedover periodoftimedistance
instantaneousspeedspeedataparticularinstantintimelpointinspace
cceleration rateofchangeinvelocity
Newton'sfirstlawofmotion anobjectatrestremainsatresrandanobjectinmotionremainsinmotionataconstantspeedin
astraightlineunlessactedonbyanunbalancedforce
ewton'ssecondlawofmotiontheaccelerationoftheobjectisproportionaltothenetforceandinverselyproportionaltoitsm
ornetforceisequaltorate ofchangeofmomentum
lawofmotionWhentwobodiesAandBinteracttheforcethataexertsonBisequalandoppositetotheforcethatB
Newton'sthird
exertsona
inearmomentum theproductormassandvelocity
awolconservationoflinearmomentum thetotalmomentumofanisolatedsystemnoexternalforcesremainsconstant
Workdone theproductofaforceonanobjectandthedisplacementoftheobjectinthedirectionoftheforce
rincipleofconservationofEnergy energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyedonlytransformedfromoneformtoanother
lasticcollision acollisioninwhichkineticenergyisconserved
ower
therateatwnichworkisdoneortherateftww11,8194
fficiencytheratioofthe usefulenergyCorp 71 1
agenergycorpowerorworklinput

rojectilemotion
projectileisanobjectuponwhichtheonlyforceactingisgravity
therewereanyother forceactinguponanobjectthenthatobjectwouldnotbeaprojectileAirresistance
susuallyassumedtobenegligable
Ifm
Freebodydiagr
oraprojectile
Obliqueprojection Horizontalprojection
nobjectwhichisthrownupwardsatanangleisa projectile An
objectalsoundergoesprojectilemotionwhenthrown
continuesinmotion
byits
owninertiaandis only horizontallyandisactedupon onlygravity
influenced
by
y thedownward force of
gravity

orizontalandverticalmotion Horizontalandverticalmotionequations
whendealingwith motionitisimportanttodeal
projectile with

fi
a Horizontalmotion
vertical Verticalmotion
tgmotionremainsconstantnorizontaiandverti'calmotionseperately
The
horizontal remainstheeyfragimotionuniformly
velocity
motionaccelerates 1 Resultantvelocityvector
uniformly taoms2 aeg.fm 2
usespeeddistancetime useequationsofmotion
ales in
Forces equilibriumNewton'sfirstlaw
Drawadiagram Anobjectwillremainatrestorcontinuetomovewithaconstantvelocity
g
choosewhichdirectionispositive e upwards unlessactedupon byaresultantexternalforce
thingupwardshasapositivevalue
ny andanything Equilibrium
downwardshasanegativevalue Whenthe netforceonabodyiszerothe bodyissaidtobeinequilibrium
Draw
projectiletable Anobjectatrestortravellingatconstantspeedwillbeinequilibrium
ertical Horizontal Freebodydiagram
speed Whenconsideringabodyinequilibriumitisusefultodrawafreebody

I distance
time
diagram
Representtheobjectasapointmass
Drawallforcesarrowsactingfromthispoint
IN
64fton
g Ensureallforcesaretoscaleandarthecorrectangle no6N

ules b thatundergoesNewton's1stlaw
or oo
lookforphrases aconstantspeedbequilibriumCStationarydatresthasbalancedforcesactingonit
Drawafreebodydiagram Thesumofallforceactingontheobjectiszero IF 0
Makesureforcesareequalina apegon
Newton's2ndlaw
whenanobjectisacteduponbyaresultantforceitacceleratesinthedirectionoftheforce
celerationisdefinedastherateofchangeinvelocity
Theobjectcanspeedupslowdownorchangedirectionwhenaccelerating
bodythatundergoesNewton's2ndlawhasunbalancedforcesactingonitThesumofallforcesactingonthe
objectarenote
qua
ozeroEF O FIN
orceandAcceleration
ispossibletoprovethattheresultantforceactingonanobjectisdirectlyproportionaltotheaccelerationoftheobject JM
isfoundthattheconstantofproportionalityisequaltothemassofthesystem EFaÉ ZEmot
orceandmomentum aim
ewton's2nd lawwasoriginallystatedbyNewtonastherateofchangeofmomentumorabodyisequaltotheresultantforce
ctingon aMU
body
Bf MI Mtf ma
Newton's3rdlaw
bodyAexertsaforceonbodyBbodyBwillexertanequalandoppositeforceonbodyA Fa FB
ules
TheforcesinNewton's3rdlawmustalways
aonseparatebodies
30thhavethesametypeofforceCegelectrostaticmagneticetc
Beequalinsize
3einoppositedirection
aalongastraightline
lidingfriction
lidingfrictionsolidfrictionistheforcebetweentwosolidsurfacesincontactfrictionopposesmotion
SolidsurfacesarenotsmoothMicroscopicallytherearelotsofbumps
AtrestthebumpsfindanequilibriumanditneedsacertainforcetomovethemfromthispositionThisisthestaticfrictionalforce
Uponmovingat asteadyspeedlessforceisrequiredtomovethebumpspasteachotherThisisthedynamicfrictionalforce
Staticfriction Dynamicfriction
hereisnorelativemotionbetweentwosolidsurface Thereisrelativemotionbetweentwosurfaces
aNsR d
efficient
O ofstaticfrictionis oe e mostly IsJud
oefficientvaluestheeffectoflubricatedsurfaces Forceonaslope
ecreasevalueofusandno forcedownonaslopemgsind
alculatingNd
Ft
M
alculatingis
É muggingstand
j I
stand atanincline
Conservationofmomentum
É mi
nearmomentumisdefinedastheproductormassandvelocityofanobject I METheunitsareagms Itisavector
vanity
lawofconservationofmomentumstatesthatduringanyinteractionwherenoexternalforcesactthetotallinearmomentumis
The
onservedinanyspecifieddirection
totalmomentumbeforeacollision beforeequalsthetotalmomentumafteracollisionP'after EPbefore
Thereforethe
D Epaft
Rules
lookforphrases collisionexplosionmomentum Inelasticcollisions
Drawadiagrambeforeandafter Momentumisconservedinallcollisionsassumingnoexternalforcesapply
Choosedirectionaspositive howeverkineticenergyisnot
Applypmutoeachbodybeforeandafter Aninelasticcollisioniswhenkineticenergyislostduringacollisionand
momentumbeforemomentumafter typesofenergy
convertedintoother
WhenbodiessticktogetherafteracollisionitistotallyinelasticMax
Ekislost
lasticcollisions
hereareveryfewcollisionsinreallifewherekineticenergyisnotlostassoundorheathoweveranelasticcollisioniswhen
ineticenergyisconservedinacollision

WorkdoneW ForceN
doneiswhenaforceleadstothemovementoranobject
Ork areais
workdone forcex distance moved inthe directionorthe force workdone
Wefscoso equationassumesconstantforce
Onejouleofwork ti isdonewhenaforceorInewtonmovesanobjectthroughtmetreinthedirectionoftheforce
ttheforceisperpendiculartothedirectionoftravelcosdiscos90 0
Xyy Distancem
Thismeansnoworkisdone
Workdone energytransferred
GravitationalPotentialEnergyEp
nymassstoresgravitationalpotentialenergyit ithasthepotentialtofall
Depmyth
lightisgenerallydefinedastheheightthroughwhichthemasshasthepotentialtofallTheheightgainedorlostAhis
independentor
path
Myverticaldistancematters
Workdone bygravity kineticenergy
W gravitationalforcexheightfallen Anymovingmassstoreskineticenergy
Wweightxheightfallen Theequationis En mr
Wagh
f abodyisthrownupaverticaldistancetheworkdonebytheobjectisElasticpotentialenergy
Wemgh ToStretchorcompress amaterialworkmustbedonetoappt
aforceoveradistance
xampleforaspringthatobeysHooke'slaw Fka m WEFAX
nystretchedmaterialwillstoreelasticpotentialenergyduetotheworkdoneinextendingthematerialTheequationEp FAX KD
xtensionDXisameasureofhowfarthematerialhasbeenextendedorcompressed
ThermalenergyQ
Whena substancechangestemperatureiteithergainsorlosesthermalenergyTheequation Omost
Whenanobjectstowsbytriction itisstoredasthermalenergy
nergytransformations Power
nravitationalpotentials kinetic pt Powerisameasureofhowquicklyisdoneonanobjec
mash Emv DefinitionPoweristherateatwhichenergyistransferred
gsh Ev Unit wattisequaltoljoulepersecond
V 29Th D T E Fu
elasticpotential kinetic Efficiency
Eusx Emv efficiency.us otaY88fYn YffatupPwoereinout

Mostmechanicalobjectsareinefficientduetomovingparts
kinetic thermal workdone andfrictionortheobjects
EMV MCAT Fs

celerationoffreefall
be
hemotionofanobjectinfreefallcan accurately
modelledusing theequationsofmotion SWATequations assumingair
esistanceisnegligable sutttat
ispossibletomeasuretheaccelerationorafree fallingobjecrinthelabbydroppingaballbearingoverarangeotknown
istancesscm andbytiminghowlongthisjourneytakes.to Iftheballisdroppedfromrestthantheinitialvelocitymust
ezero Stat
lottingthegraphthegradientaillbeta giving9.81ms onEarth
levators t
ntension 2 3
TW WT
Fw acceleratingupwards acceleratingdownwards
stationaryorconstantvelocity deceleratingdownwards deceleratingupwards
VWresultantforce
hoacceleration resultantforce www.tma
acceleration

weigh T W ma
alleys

tnsionisthesameonbothsidesorthepulley i
Aw mgWzMz9

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