Introduction

Overview
In recent years, sports and physical culture have increasingly entered the lives of
citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our athletes, coaches and heads of sports
organizations annually take part in international competitions, where a good command
of a foreign language, mainly English, is simply necessary. However, at this stage, the
overall level of English proficiency among our athletes remains low.
The demand of society and specialists for textbooks and manuals on the English
language, which have a sports orientation, is extremely high. At the same time, there is
a shortage of appropriate methodological materials and textbooks.
From the first years of independence in our country, serious attention has been
paid to the organization of teaching foreign languages based on modern requirements.
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD-1875 of 10 December 2012,
“On measures on further improvement of teaching of foreign languages”; was the essence of
the country’s reforms in the field of foreign language learning. According to the targets set by
the Government of the Republic, new State educational standards, based on international
experience CEFR (the Common European Framework of Reference) were adopted; also PD-
5117 of 19 May 2021 “On measures to raise activities to promote the study of foreign
languages in the Republic of Uzbekistan” to a qualitatively new level was adopted.
According to the resolution, the Agency for the Promotion of the Study of Foreign
Languages was established under the Cabinet of Ministers (Agency) and the posts of
regional representatives of the Agency were established in the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent.

In particular, in clause 4.4 “Strategies for further development of the Republic of

Uzbekistan” relating to the “Development of the sphere of education and science”
identified such important tasks as “a cardinal improvement in the quality of general
secondary education, in-depth study of foreign languages”. This allows for a number of
practical targeted measures on the use of modern technologies aimed at teaching the
English language for students.

English Language B2 Student’s book (Part I) for B2 level academic language

course designed to meet the communication needs of Undergraduate, Physical culture
students as well as independent academic learners of higher educational institutions in
Karakalpakstan. Also, this textbook is one of the first textbooks developed for students
of the Department of Physical Culture.
Grammar & Vocabulary
English Language B2 Student’s Book (Part I) consists of 10 units to encourage
undergraduate students for continuous learning and involve in academic life. Rich selection of
motivating and informative, authentic and semi-authentic texts to improve both Vocabulary and
Grammar skills with variety topics are presented in themed topics. Interactive activities focus on
learners’ can do statements and follow the principles of the CEFR requirements. Meaningful
topics and materials are designed so that they enhance students’ lexical competence and
provide a thought-provoking, purposeful approach to learn English, including independent
learning.
Review

English Language B2 Student’s Book (Part I) consists of 10 themed units, with 10

topical and lessons and a unit review in each. The Student’s Book is assumed for
approximately 4 credits. Each lesson starts with colorful lead-in explanations that explain
grammar rules, topic vocabulary shifting students focus on the new topic. Then it is
followed by grammar and vocabulary activities with meaningful topics respectively which
allow students practice their receptive skills. Each unit review includes exercises based on
grammar rules, topic vocabulary and tests.
English Language B2 Student’s Book (Part I) has been tested for three years of
work with bachelors and masters of the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, studying in
the specialty: "Physical Culture", it also has a relationship with the specialties of
pedagogy and psychology.

Authors
UNIT 1 PEOPLE AND PERSONALITIES
Grammar: Present Simple tense

Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence

I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home

Subject don't/doesn't Verb* The Rest of the sentence

I / you / we / they don't have / buy
cereal for breakfast
he / she / it doesn't eat / like etc.
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before
the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Do/Does Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence
Do I / you / we / they have / need
a new bike?
Does he / she / it want etc.
*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before
the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
(See Appendix I)
Exercise 1 Circle the correct word or phrase.

1. Nadira usually plays/is usually playing tennis at around 6 o’clock.

2. Timur usually writes/is writing an email to a friend of him once a month.
3. He doesn’t drink/isn’t drinking alcohol as he usually follows healthy lifestyle.
4. My father calls/is calling me every week after work.
5. How much do freelancers generally earn/are generally earning?
6. You are always late/are always being late for work every Monday.
7. The train does stop/is stopping at Nukus station on Sundays.
8. My sister goes in for/is going in for yoga almost every evening.
9. They don’t sit/aren’t sitting together in the classroom as they dislike each other.
10. Amir takes after/is taking after his father as he is always punctual.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the present tense.

1. The actress usually ______________________ a lot of fan mail, because he’s so

famous. (GET)
2. Diana ______________________ going in for tennis during her holidays. (LOVE)
3. Such bad behaviour always ______________________ my mother mad. (MAKE)
4. Unpopular magazines and books______________________ very well. (SELL)
5. Mehriniso usually ______________________ out with her friends on Saturday
evenings. (GO)
6. ______________________ to the Tennis club? (YOU BELONG)
7. The boys and girls ______________________ playing in the hut whenever we’re
at our weekend house. (ENJOY)
8. Our master rarely ______________________ a class. He normally
______________________ administrative work. (TEACH, DO)
9.______________________ if I ask you a request? (YOU MIND)
10. What ______________________ ? (THIS TENNIS ROCKET – COST)

Exercise 3 Read a short passage from the text. Open the brackets and fill in the
blank with words in the present simple tense.

Personality Revealed
Have you ever been afraid of or attracted to someone just because of the way the
person 1) _______(to look)? When you first meet someone, it is not unusual 2)
_______(to react) to his or her appearance. But these are first impressions, and most
people 3) ________(to assume) that it takes time to find out what someone 4)
________(to be really like). It is possible, however, that a person’s appearance 5)
______(to reveal) more than we realize. According to some experts, a person’s face,
head, and body 6) _______(can/to be able to) reveal a great deal about personality.
Physiognomists 7) ________(to study) such features as the shape of the head, the
length and thickness of the neck, the color and thickness of the hair, and the shape of
the nose, mouth, eyes, and chin. They believe that round-faced people 8) ______(to
be self-confident). Prominent cheekbones show strength of character, while a
pointed nose reveals curiosity. Down-turned lips reveal a proud character, while a
long, pointed chin 9) ______(to indicate) someone who 10) ________(to like, to
give) orders.

Exercise 4 Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.

Mansur and Gulzar 1) ______ (have) a busy lifestyle. Mansur is a doctor at a

hospital. He works at night, so he 2) _____ (go) to work at 7:00 p.m. and comes
home at 7:00 a.m. His wife Gulzar works at a bank. She 3) _____ (go) to work at
8:00 a.m. and comes home at 6:00 p.m. They don’t see each other a lot during the
week. Mansur and Gulzar also 4) _____ (have) two children, Axmed and Kamila.
Every morning they all have breakfast together at 7:30. Then, Axmed and Kamila 5)
____ (go) to school. Mansur 6) _____ (do) the dishes, and then 7) ____ (go) to bed.
Kamila usually 8) ___ (do) her homework at a friend’s house in the afternoon, and
Axmed 9) ____ (have) soccer practice. Mansur and Gulzar 10) _____ (have) a busy
schedule during the week, but on weekends they play table tennis together.

Exercise 5 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

0. Monday / to / work / They / need / on They need to work on Monday.

1. Students /a report /prepare / on time/ have to _________________________
2. Alik / have / lunch / wants / at / 12:00 / to _________________________
3. tonight / to / need / work / until / 9:00 / You _________________________
4. need / buy / I / to / laptop / a / new _________________________
5. Nargiza / play / to / likes / tennis _________________________
6. want / watch / to / the match / We _________________________
7. to / Alpamis / study / in the library / likes _________________________
8. need / Madiyar / do / his homework / to _________________________
9. need / I / my / meet / guests / to _________________________
10. ask / to / wants / a / Salima / question __________________________
Vocabulary

Indira:Karakalpak, aged 21 Amir: Karakalpak, aged 23

An only child. Confident The eldest son in the family,
and sensible. A good sense Sociable, a good sense of
of humour. Laughs a lot. humour, friendly. Doesn’t
Speaks little English. laugh a lot. Very self-
Energetic. confident.

Your best three qualities? Your best three qualities?

Responsibility, intelligence, flexibility. Responsibility, kindness, friendliness.
Your worst quality? Non-punctuality. Your worst quality? Impatience.
Leisure activities? Listening to music, Leisure activities? Watching movies,
reading newspapers, knitting, cycling reading scientific articles, outdoor
and mountain biking. activities, fishing and hunting.

Topic vocabulary in contrast

relationship/ connection support/assist company/group
blame/fault kind/polite popular/famous
old/ancient sympathetic/likeable typical/usual/ordinary
crowd/audience nervous/bad-tempered close/near
enjoy/please sensitive/sensible unknown/infamous
Word formation
able unable, (in) ability, happy unhappy, obey disobey,
disabled, disability (un)happiness, (dis)obedient(ly),
(un)happily (dis)obedience
achieve achievement jealous, jealousy, person
jealously (im)personal(ly),
personality
argue argument, kind unkind, polite impolite,
argumentative (un)kindness kindly (im)politely,
(im)politeness
care careful(ly), careless(ly), marry marriage, relate relative(ly),
(un)caring (un)married relation, relationship
correspond correspondence nerve nervous(ly), willing unwilling,
nervousness (un)willingness,
(un)willingly
friend friendship, (un)friendly

Exercise 1 Complete using the words from the box. You need to use one
word twice.
get, make, put, look, personalities, bring, fall,
grow, genetic

Personality
Some of us seem to be infinitely kind, while others seem to 1) __________ down on
everyone around them. Some of us never forget an argument, while others 2)
_________ up and forgive easily. As we 3) ________ up, our personality develops
and we find that we 4) _________ on with certain people more than others. Who we
are seems to have a large 5) _________ element, but is also, influenced by those who
6) _________ us up. If we 7) __________ up to our parents or other family members,
we may want to be like them. On the other hand, if our parents seem to 8) _________
us down all the time and we 9) ________ out with them a lot, then, perhaps we will
develop quite different 10) _________.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct word.

1. I have a very good connection/ relationship with my relatives.

2. Forgetting to thank us for supper is usual/ typical of Abdulla.
3. My grandma doesn’t have any close/ near family her own age left.
4. In ancient/ old times, people had a very different worldview about the nature.
5. Who was to blame/ fault for the quarrel?
6. Don’t you know it’s kind /polite to keep silence when you are eating?
7. Atabek’s parents were very enjoyed/ pleased when they saw him in the school
play.
8. Nowadays, many parents find it difficult to assist/ support a large family with
children.
9. If notebooks are so popular/ famous, perhaps we should consider buying one for
the use of our guests.
10. He gave a nervous/bad-tempered glance at the clock when his son came in.

Exercise 3 Learn the following phrases and collocations. Write one word in
each gap.

approval show/give (your) approval of/for sth; meet with sb’s approval
argument have an argument (with sb) (about sth/doing); win/lose an
argument
care take care (of sth/sb); care for/about sth/sb
courage have the courage to do; it takes courage to do
disguise in disguise; wear a disguise yourself; disguised as sth/sb
dream have a dream (about sth/sb/doing); daydream; dream of/about
doing
family have/start a family; nuclear family; extended family
favour do/owe sb a favour; be in favour of
friend make/become/be/stay friends (with sb); best friend
love be/fall in love with sb
mood in a good/bad mood; in the right/ wrong mood; in the mood for sth
pity pity sb; take pity on sb; feel pity for sb; it’s a pity (that)
promise promise to do; give/make sb a promise; break a/your promise

1. Could you __________ me a favour and ask Azizbek to see me in office?

2. I don’t have many ambitions, but l’d like to graduate and then ________ a family.
3. As we walked down the street, Hurliman _______ pity on the beggar and gave him
some money.
4. Nargiza’s hair looked awful, but I didn’t __________ the courage to tell her.
5. My dad can’t stand ________ an argument and always has to have the last word.
6. If you don’t________ your promises, people won’t trust you anymore.
7. Can you ______ care of your little sister for a minute while I go to the shop?
8. When you first _________ in love, the whole world seems a beautiful place.
9. I don’t really ________ friends very easily because I’m quite shy.
10. I didn’t recognize Elmurat when I saw him because he was _________ disguise.

Exercise 4 Complete each sentence with the most appropriate word from
the box.

devoted insensitive attentive aggressive apathetic prejudiced

solitary mature extrovert conscientious

1) Alisher works very hard and is extremely___________.

2) Damir does everything alone. He is a rather __________ person.
3) What a lovely couple! They seem totally __________ to one another.
4) Bektemir has extreme views, and is __________ against all immigrants.
5) Very few students wanted to join in the activities. They seemed rather _________.
6) Sabir is always getting into fights, he’s so _____________.
7) Maryam may look rather young, but she has a very _________ attitude.
8) Gulnara is a good teacher, and very _________ to the needs of the students.
9) Azamat is shy but his brother Muhammed is more ___________.
10) Juldiz doesn’t realize how she hurts people. She is really _________.

Exercise 5 Match each expression (a-j) with one of the explanations (1-10).

1. all the people of approximately the same age a) the extended family
2. people who have only recently been (or are still) on b) newly weds
their honeymoon
3. people who are alive at the same time or e.g. attend c) the nuclear family
the same school
4. the people in a family who live together under the d) adults
same roof
5. the entire range of relatives in one family e) a community
6. all the people living together in the same area f) a generation
7. a person (or people) from your immediate family g) contemporaries
8. people who are no longer teenagers h) nearest and dearest
9. people abandoned by their families or by society in i) a household
general
10. parents and their children j) outcasts

Exercise 6 In this video you should listen to three people describe their
personalities and then answer questions about the adjectives they hear.
https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/describe-your-personality-1
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Read the questions and answers about Arman and ask and
answer about Leyla.

Questions: Arman
1. What does Arman do? 1. Arman’s a lorry driver
2. How many days a week does he 2. He works five days a week.
work?
3. What time does he get up? 3. He gets up at six o’clock every day.
4. What does he eat for breakfast? 4. He eats meals with meat for
breakfast.
5. What does he drink? 5. He drinks two cups of coffee.
6. What does he do after breakfast? 6. Then he kisses his children.
7. What time does he leave for work? 7. He leaves for work at half past six.
8. Where does he have lunch? 8. He has lunch in a transport café.
9. What time does he come home? 9. He comes home at six o’clock.
10. Where does he go in the evening 10. In the evening he goes to the gym.
around 8.p.m.?

Questions: Leyla
1. 1. nurse
2. 2. 5 days a week.
3. 3. 6.30
4. 4. cornflakes
5. 5. orange-juice and coke
6. 6. parents
7. 7. 7.15
8. 8. in the canteen
9. 9. home / 6.30
10. 10. evening classes

Exercise 2 Write a question word in each blank (For example: When? How?
Why? How many?). Then match the questions with the answers.

1. ……….. is your English lesson? a) Fine.

2. ……….. is it? b) Because, I’m hungry.
3. ……….. books are there in your c) Karakalpakstan.
bag?
4. ……….. likes Kamal? d) Mehriban.
5. ……….. is your watch? e) In the garden.
 6. ……….. are you? f) In June.
7. ……….. are the children? g) It is half past eight.
8. ……….. your father’s birthday? h) Monday
9. ……….. do you want a samsa? i) 5.
10. ……….. is she from? j) Seven

Exercise 3 Choose the correct answer.

1. Everyone said they had …… themselves at Ulugbek’s wedding.

a) enjoy b) impressed c) pleased d) excited
2. Zulfiya seems to go out with a different …… of friend almost every night.
a) group b) band c) company d) collection
3. People can become very ….. when they are stuck in traffic for a long time.
a) nervous b) bad-tempered c) stressful d) pressed
4. More and more people are living into ……. Age and it’s a serious social problem.
a) high b) ancient c) far d) old
5. Alimbay seems to be very ……. with her classmates.
a) likeable b) famous c) known d) popular
6. Most …… people have no idea what it’s like to be famous.
a) usual b) ordinary c) typical d) medium
7. When my parents got divorced, my best friend was very ……. and listened to all
my problems.
a) likeable b) amusing c) sympathetic d) enjoyable
8. Gozzal’s very ……. and easily gets upset when people criticize her.
a) level-headed b) sensitive c) sensible d) open-minded
9. Police were called in when the ……. of people began to get violent.
a) crowd b) company c) audience d) herd
10. My dad says he once met Ibrayim Yusupov when he was still …….. .
a) unknown b) hidden c) infamous d) unrelated

Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer.

1. The authority is trying to convince people _______ the need for higher taxes.
a) with b) of c) that d) for
2. I believe that judges should be independent _____ the government.
a) to b) from c) with d) on
3. local residents object ______ the new power station in their area.
a) to have b) having c) of having d) to having
4. Do you think they should ban people _____ smoking in public places?
a) from b) that c) in d) of
5. The MP asked _______ the prime minister was aware of the growing social
problem.
a) that b) him c) if d) what
6. Most people seem to agree _____ the newspaper’s criticism of the government.
a) on b) to c) with d) that
7. I don’t think people should rely _________ the state, even if they are unemployed.
a) to b) with c) on d) by
8. The headmaster was attacked ______ public money.
a) for wasting b) to waste c) he waste d) of wasting
9. He could pretend _______ concentrate on the board while his mind clearly drifted
somewhere else.
a) to b) from c) with d) on
10. Reading, I think, should be kept independent ______ the regular school exercises.
a) to b) with c) on d) of

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

1. “How many languages _____ you _____ ?”

“Three: English, German and Russian.”
A) does / speak B) do / speak
C) do / speaking D) does / speaking
2. Why _____ you like _____ in the hotel?
A) do / working B) do / work
C) does / working D) does / work
3. They never go out _____ Friday evenings .
A) on B) in C) at D) by
4. “_____ do you _____ on holiday?”
“To Italy or Paris.”
A) Where / like B) How / relax
C) Where / go D) Why / go
5. Sometimes we _____ cards.
A) plays B) playing C) play D) to play
6. She never _____ meat.
A) eats B) eating C) eat D) to eat
7. “Do Mr. Adams and his daughter like going _____ ?”
“No, they _____ .”
A) ski / don’t B) skiing / don’t
C) skiing / do D) ski / does
8. “_____ they _____ a winter holiday?”
“Yes, they do.”
A) Do / wanting B) Does / want
C) Do / want D) Does / wanting
9. What time ____ you go to bed?
A) do B) does C) is D) have
10. “_____ do you _____ on Sundays?”
“I always relax.”
A) How / doing B) What / do
C) Where / does D) What / rela
UNIT 2 TENNIS
Grammar: Present Continuous Tense

Affirmative Subject + to be + base + ing She is talking.

Negative Subject + to be + not + base + ing She is not (isn't) talking.
Interrogative to be + subject + base + ing Is she talking?

Exception:
Senses / Perception Measurement Mental states
to feel* to contain to forget
to hear to cost to imagine
to see* to hold to know
to smell to measure to mean
to taste to weigh to notice
to recognise
to remember
to understand
Opinion Emotions / desires Others
to assume to envy to look (=resemble)
to believe to dislike to seem
to consider to hope to be (in most cases)
to doubt to like to have (when it means to
to feel (= to think) to mind possess)*
 to find (= to consider) to prefer
to suppose to regret
to think* to want
to wish

(See Appendix II)

Exercise 1 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the present
continuous tense.

1. We ______________________ tennis now, Mr. Murad. (PLAY)

2. She ______________________ for Khodjeli later in the day (LEAVE).
3. The car ______________________ oil. Islam, can you repair it? (LOSE)
4. My brother ______________________ Namangan at the moment (TOUR).
5. They ______________________ a game tug of war right now. (HAVE)
6. We ______________________ a national sarafan today because there’s a very
special event in town. (WEAR) (NOT SELL)
7. What ______________________ , sister? – It smells so good! (YOU BAKE)
8. I _________________________ some money and I have cut expenses on my
spending, because I want to travel to Dubai next summer. (CURRENTLY SAVE)
9. The girl and her grandma ______________________ a long conversation. – I
wonder what they ______________________ about. (HAVE, TALK)
10. Rasul ______________________ to catch the same bus every morning, but,
today he _________________________ . (TO BE LATE).

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences below using one of the verbs in the box
in the correct form. You may use each verb once only.

prefer play produce work seem know

interview wait talk finish enjoy

1. I usually ________ basketball on Fridays. 2. He ________ his report. He will bring

it into the office when it is complete. 3. "My parents have phoned me this morning.
They_________ themselves in the countryside. Champagne every night! In fact, they
don't want to leave." 4. We ________ to entertain our guests in a local restaurant
rather than the café situated near the city centre. Although it is expensive, we can talk
freely there. 5. We ___________ the answer to your problem. Get a new computer. 6.
"Where is John?" "In his office ____________ for an important telephone call." 7. I
can't make the conference tomorrow. I _____________ the applicants for the sales
manager's job. 8. My brother Ilhom _____________ for Sayhun. which makes
bathroom fittings. 9. Who ___________ to Bahram? Is it the new secretary? 10. The
new contract of study ________________ fine to me. However, could you just check
it through again?

Exercise 3 Read the short passage. Put each verb in brackets into present
continuous.

I work in a large office with about thirty other people, most of whom I know
together, so we have all become friends. In fact, most of my colleagues are so
interesting, that I 1) ________(think) of writing a book about them! Take Helen
Watson, for example. Currently, Helen 2) ______ (lead) the accounts department. At
the moment she 3) _______(go out) with Keith Ballantine, one of the sales
representatives, and they seem very happy together. But everyone - except Helen
apparently knows that Keith fancies Susan Porter. But I happen to know that Susan
dislike Keith. 'I can't stand people who are always 4) ________(apologise) all the
time!' she told me. 'And besides, I know he 5) ______(deceive) poor Helen. He 6)
________(see) Betty Wills from the overseas department.' And plenty of other
interesting things 7) ________(currently/go on). For instance, every week we 8)
________(experience) more and more problems with theft - personal belongings and
even money have been stolen. When you realise that someone in your office is a
thief, it upsets you at first. But I 9) _______(also/try) to catch whoever it is before
the police are called in. I'm 10) ________(not to tell) you who I suspect. Well, not
yet anyway!

Exercise 4 Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or
present continuous)

Next month, my friends and I 1) _______ (go) camping in the wood in the
countryside. Dinara 2)_______ (organize) the food, because she 3) ______ (like)
cooking. Damir 4) _______ (have) a big car with a trailer, so he 5) _______ (plan)
the transportation. Salamat 6) _______ (bring) the tent — he 7) _______ (go)
camping every year, so he 8) _______ (have) a great tent and lots of other
equipment. My brother 9) _______ (think) we’re crazy. He likes holidays in
comfortable hotels, so he 10) ________ (take) a trip to Tashkent instead.

Exercise 5 Present Simple or Continuous? Choose the correct alternative(s) in

the sentences 1-10 below.

1. Today Tumaris is spending/spends time with her grandfather.

2. They usually are going/go to the gym and play tennis on Saturday evenings.
3. We ’re having/have a barbecue later on. Do you want to come and join us?
4. No, Nagima can’t answer the phone, she practice/is practicing table tennis.
5. I usually have/am having a coffee before I’m leaving/leave for work in the
morning.
6. They sometimesfly/are flying to Saratov, but usually they are going/go by boat.
7. Where are you? I’m sitting/sit outside in the garden, breathing fresh air!
8. Batirov always brings/is bringing a monolingual dictionary to his English class.
9. Hey guys, Why are you run/running so fast? We will be in time anyway.
10. Bibixan works/is working hard on herself, as she is having/ has an exam
tomorrow.
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
bat a wooden object used for net in some sports, an object
hitting the ball in games made of net that you hit,
such as baseball, cricket, kick, or throw the ball
and table tennis over or into
beat to defeat someone in a racquet or an object used for hitting
game, competition, racket the ball in games such as
election, or battle. tennis
breathtaking extremely impressive or love a score of no points in
beautiful tennis
court an area marked with lines smash in tennis, to hit a ball that
where some sports are is above your head
played, including tennis downwards and very
and basketball: a hard
tennis/squash court
entertaining enjoyable or interesting: tournament a series of games in
an entertaining which the winner of each
talk/evening / programme game plays in the next
game until there is only
one player or team left
Exercise 1 Use the words in the box below, fill the gaps in the following
sentences.

a) shot b) match c) points d) court e) net hit, f) smashes g) fifteen, love

h) tournaments, win i) racquet, bat j) serves

1. I have to go now – I’ve got a tennis _________ in 20 minutes.

2. Wouldn’t it be good to live in a house with your own private tennis _________?
3. I played in four amateur tennis _________ last year and reached the final in two of
them, but didn’t _________ either.
4. I was hoping to get a tennis _________ as a Christmas present, but I only got a
table-tennis _________.
5. Look, we can’t play on this court – the _________’s broken.
6. Why does he have to play so aggressively? Every time I _________the ball high in
the air he just ________ it past me. It’s no fun at all.
7. Oh, what a great _________ by Roger Federer!
8. What’s the score now? _________ - ________ , or fifteen all?
9. She _________ the ball so hard that I can hardly ever get it back.
10. She beat me really easily. I think I only won about 20 _________ in the whole
match.

Exercise 2 Read the short text. Then open the brackets and fill in gaps
using the appropriate form of the word.

In the last few years I’ve really started to 1) ______ (love) tennis. Recently
I’ve been playing at least twice a week, which is really helping me 2) ______ (to
keep) fit. On a nice summer evening there’s nothing better than 3) ______ (to go)
along to my local club for a game. Most people there are really nice, so after playing I
usually 4) ______ (to stay) for a drink with some of them. I like the fact that it’s a
very 5) ______ (psychology) game – you need determination and 6) ______ (to
concentrate). You can’t hide when you’re out there on the 7) ______ (court). If the
match isn’t going well you can easily get into a bad frame of mind, so you have to
battle against yourself as well as against your opponent. Also, I love watching tennis
on TV, as the players’ skill and fitness are 8) ______ (to breathtake). Of course they
practise a lot, but it’s also about 9) ______ (nature) talent – I mean, I could practise
five hours a day for five years and I’d probably still not win a point against a top 10)
______ (profession) like Maria Sharapova.

Exercise 3 Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

1. A player does this to start a rally. a. a set

2. This part of a tennis match has six or more games. b. a rally
3. In this kind of tennis match, men and women play c. singles
together.
4. This is what a player must do after his (her) opponent d. a racket
serves the ball.
5. This piece of equipment has strings and a handle, and is e. to serve
used to hit the ball.
6. This part of a tennis game starts with a serve, and ends f. mixed doubles
when a player fails to hit the ball back.
7. In this kind of tennis match, a man plays against a man. or g. to return the serve
a woman plays against a woman.
8. It consists of ‘games’ and ‘sets’. h. match
9. The player who is the first to win either two or three sets. i. Tennis
10. The game is played on a court, 23 metres long and 11 j. the winner
metres wide.

Exercise 4 Tennis Poet. Use the words below to fill in the missing words
that rhyme.

Balls Rest Slice Round Best Stand Calls Land Down Twice

Before I serve I need two 1) ________.

And I’m always fair when I make line 2) ________.
When I change sides I can sit and 3) ________.
And on every point I try my 4) ________.
Sometimes the ball spins round and 5) ________.
And hitting with topspin makes the ball curve 6) ________.
There’s a place on the court called “no man’s”7) ________.
And it’s not a very good place for me to 8) _________.
A double fault is missing your serve 9) ________.
And hitting with backspin is called a 10) ________.

Exercise 5 Which phrase does each of the numbers refer to? (You can also
search the Internet about the game of table tennis)

1. What was the other name for table 2. What was used as a ball?
tennis? a) a champagne bottle
a) Pong Pong b) a champagne cork
b) Ping Ping c) a cigar box
c) Pong Ping d) a cigar
d) Ping Pong
3. When was Table Tennis first played?
a) the 1780s a) began
b) the 1980s b) start
c) the 1890s c) play
d) the 1870s d) shown

4. What time of day was it first played? 8. A rubber surface __________ you
a) during dinner could spin the ball earlier.
b) before dinner a) meant
c) anytime b) express
d) after dinner c) written
d) played
5. Table Tennis became popular when:
a) wooden rackets were made 9. Table tennis was __________ in the
b) champagne became cheaper 1988 Olympics.
c) it became an international sport a) included
d) it was too rainy to play tennis b) started
outside c) played
d) used
6. Table Tennis became an Olympic
sport in: 10. The players hit a small, light ball to
a) 1926 each other. They hit the ball with
b) 1988 rackets made of ________ covered
c) 1901 with rubber.
d) 2008 a) wood
b) iron
7. Table tennis __________ as an after- c) cotton
dinner game.
d) soft material

Exercise 6. Through the link below, you are going to watch this short video tutorial
guide on how to play Tennis under Olympic, International rules. Learn about singles,
doubles, serve, advantage, deuce, rally, point, game, set, match, volley, faults and
more.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1P_Das6OjAk
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Build up sentences.

1. Islam / like watching TV / but / he / not / watch / at the moment / because / he

/sleep /
2. What / Dilfuza / do / at the moment / ? / She / wash / her hair / bathroom /
3. mother / can ( - ) / help me / now / because / she / cook / kitchen / cake/
4. Where / your cousin / live / ? / She / live / Nukus / Karakalpakstan /
5. Why / you / eat / hamburger / now / ? / Because / I / be / hungry / so /
6. Aybek / usually / go / work / motorcycle /
7. children / play / computer games / at the moment / at home /
8. My sister / can ( - ) / play / basketball / because / she / not / have / trainers /
9. How often / mother / cook / pizza / ? / at home / your /
10. My grandma / not / like / ice skating / because / they / be / dangerous /

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with present continuous or simple present.

1. The pupils ………….. (play) outside the school building now.

2. Zulfiya usually ………….. (read) the newspaper in the afternoon at work.
3. Gulayim ………….. (go) for shopping at the moment to buy drinks for guests.
4. I ………….. (water) my flowers in the garden now.
5. ………….. (you / want) a pizza for lunch?
6. They ………….. (watch) a comedy on TV now.
7. We ………….. (go) to the disco tonight to celebrate the event.
8. Roman usually ………….. (drink) coffee, but he ………….. (drink) sparkling
water now.
9. My mother usually ………….. (cook) dinner in the evening.
10. He ………….. (write) a letter to his pen-friend every month.

Exercise 3 Read the carefully. Then translate it into your mother language.

Denis
Tennis has got to be one of the most boring sports in the world. Watching a
little ball go backwards and forwards for two hours, while the players make
ridiculous grunting noises – you call that entertaining? Also, in Britain, I can’t stand
the hype in the media whenever one of our players has a chance of winning an
important tournament. They always lose in the end, of course. Why can’t we just
accept that we’re not very good? As for playing tennis, it’s even worse than
watching. I tried it for a while when I was a kid, and it was one of the most frustrating
things I’ve ever done. Hitting the ball and seeing it go into the net almost every time
is enough to put anyone in a bad mood. I remember my dad said I should practice by
hitting a ball against a wall. Well, I tried it, and it was a disaster. The wall beat me
every time.
Exercise 4 After you have read the text above, fill the gaps in the sentences
below.

1. Denis certainly doesn’t ____________ tennis.

2. It seems Denis never had much ____________ as a tennis player.
3. Denis seems not to like the way some professional players ____________ when
they hit the ball.
4. Denis thinks there’s too much ____________ whenever a British tennis starts
doing well.
5. Denis doesn’t think that watching tennis on TV is ____________.
6. Denis’s attempts to ____________ by hitting a ball against the wall didn’t go very
well.

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

1. We _____ to a party next Saturday.

A) go B) goes C) are going D) went
2. She _____ for dinner this evening.
A) come B) came C) comes D) is coming
3. _____ to go out tonight?
A) Do you want B) Are you wanting C) Is you want D) Would you want
4. Oh, someone _____ in my seat!
A) is sitting B) sits C) will sit D) sit
5. I’m sorry. I can’t help you at the moment. I _____ dinner.
A) will cook B) am cooking C) cook D) cooked
6. This is a great party! Everyone _____.
A) dance B) is dancing C) dances D) are dancing
7. What _____ they going _____ do?
A) are / too B) are / to C) is / to D) is / too
8. “I’m going to university next year”
“What _____ study?”
A) you going to B) do you C) did you D) are you going to
9. “It’s very noisy”
“Suzy _____ to rock music.”
A) listen B) listens C) listened D) is listening
10. Mrs. Sarbinaz _____ to her boss. I’ll tell her you phoned.
A) talked B) talks C) talk D) is talking
UNIT 3 SIZE
Grammar: Past simple tense
Patterns of simple past tense for regular verbs

(See Appendix III)

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past tense of the verbs in brackets
as shown in the sentence (0).

Last Saturday my father 0) took (take) my friends and me to the circus in the
city centre. We 1) ______(see) lots of things. My father 2) ________ (buy) us some
popcorn and orange juice. We 3) ______(eat) the popcorn and 4) ______(drink) the
orange juice. We 5) ______(laugh) at the funny clowns. There 6) _____(be) some
lion-tamers. The lions 7) _____(do) tricks; they 8) _____(jump) through hoops. A
girl 9) ______(ride) an elephant around the ring. We all 10) _____(have) a
wonderful time together on that day.

Exercise 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

1) When you passed the town hall clock, did you notice/were you noticing what
time it was?
2) Last night my neighbours were shouting/would shout for hours and I couldn't get
to sleep.
3) When you lived in London, did you use to travel/were you travelling by bus?
4) Everyone was having a good time, although not many people danced/were
dancing.
5) Jill was really hungry because she didn't eat/hadn't eaten all day.
6) Before we went to the theatre, we called in/had called in at George's café for a
pizza.
7) It took a while for me to notice, but then I did. Everyone stared/was staring at
me. What had I done wrong?
8) Nobody bothered to tell me that the school decided/had decided to have a special
holiday on Friday.
9) I was trying/tried to get in touch with you all day yesterday. Where were you?
10) A: Excuse me, but this seat is mine.
B: I'm sorry, I didn't realise/hadn't realized that you were sitting here.

Exercise 3 Read the following story. After that, do the task A.

Bob is a young sailor. He lives in England, but he is often away with his ship.
One summer he comes back from a long voyage and finds new neighbors near his
mother’s house. They have a pretty daughter, and Bob soon loves her and he wants to
marry her when he comes back. Bob promises the girl to send a present from every
port. Bob’s first port is Capetown in Africa, and he sends the girl a parrot from there.
The parrot speaks three languages. When Bob’s ship reaches Australia, a letter comes
from the girl. The letter says, “Thank you for the parrot, Bob. It tasted much better
than a chicken.”

A) Write the story again. Use the simple past tense.

Bob was a young sailor. He lived in England, but he was often away with his ship.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

Exercise 4 Answer the questions about the story:

1. What was Bob?

He was a young sailor.
2. What change did he find when he was back home?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. How was their daughter?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. How did Bob feel about the girl?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What did Bob tell the girl?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What did Bob send the girl from Capetown?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Where is Capetown?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
8. How many languages did the parrot speak?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. What did the girl do with the parrot?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What was written in the letter?
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 5 Write what Aziz DID or DIDN’T do yesterday. Rewrite the

sentences using the word and signs in parenthesis.

1. go shopping for food ( - ) ………… Aziz didn’t go shopping for food yesterday
2. clean the house ( + ) ………………………………………………………………
3. feed the cat ( + ) .…………………………………………………………………..
4. telephone Liza ( - ) ………………………………………………………………..
5. watch a film on TV ( - ) ……………………………………………………………
6. visit his grandparents ( + ) …………………………………………………………
7. take them a cake ( + ) ………………………………………………………………
8. study in the library (+) ……………………………………………………………..
9. get into trouble (+) …………………………………………………………………
10. eat lunch at the cafeteria (-) ……………………………………………………….
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary
Big Long Length
Small Short Height
Low Tall Capacity
High Wide Width
Medium Narrow Depth
Little Thin Deep
Tiny Thick Shallow
Vast Huge Massive
Enormous Immense Minute

Synonyms for Measurement

SIZE HIGH LOW
area above abyssal
bulk above and beyond base
capacity aerial below
diameter aloft beneath
dimensions altitudinal beyond bottom
expanse elevated cavernous
extent eminent deep
girth lofty down
heaviness onto ground-level
magnitude over inferior to
mass superior to nether
measure tall squatty
proportions top subordinate to
volume upmost subsided
weight upon to the ground
width upward of under
height underneath
length

Exercise 1 Choose a word from the box to complete each of the sentences
below. You do not need all of the words.

high wide long deep shallow broad narrow depth width

height length broaden lengthen shorten widen lower

1. The opposite of deep is ______.

2. The opposite of wide is ______.
3. The local council plans to ______ the road because of the large volume of rush-
hour traffic.
4. We want to ______.the ceiling – it’s too high.
5. The ______ of the fence is over two metres, so that no one can see over it.
6. The length of the swimming pool is forty metres and the ______ is fifteen.
7. The ______ of the water is three metres.
8. If we take the road along the river, it will ______ the journey by about twenty
miles, and we’ll save a lot of time.
9. They say that travel will ______ your mind.
10. The Art store on Kalinin Street has a ______ range of woodwork tools.

Exercise 2 Contradict the speaker in the sentences below. Look at the

example first.
Example: A: Is it a long film? B: No, it’s quite short.

1. A: Is he a bit fat?
B: No, he’s _________.
2. A: The water’s quite deep, isn’t it?
B: No, _________.
3. A: Their office is in quite a low building, isn’t it? B: No,
4. A: Is the road very wide at that point?
B: No, _________.
5. A: It’s a fairly boring place, isn’t it?
B: No, _________.
6. A: He’s quite tall, isn’t he?
B: No, _________.
7. A: They only live in a small place, don’t they?
B: No, it’s _________.
8. Is it far to the centre of town?
B: No, it’s _________.
9. Is it a long way to the next big town?
B: No, it’s _________.
10. How far is it to a bank office?
B: It’s _________.

Exercise 3 Prepositions with distance. Fill in the prepositions. If you are

unsure, try looking up the word distance in a good dictionary.

1. The car was parked ______ a distance______ about 150 metres from the scene of
the robbery.
2. I saw you ______ the distance yesterday but I didn't call out as I could see you
were with someone.
3. She’s a great shot. She can hit an empty can ______ a distance of about 100 feet,
which I can’t.
4. What’s the total distance ______ here ______ Nukus?
5. The student is thus given criticism of a paper ______ a considerable distance from
their reading of it.
6. As a young man, he participated in track and field sports, and was a ______
distance runner.
7. The measured quantity used here is the surface clevation at a point a ______
distance from the paddle.
8. The ______ distance was maintained - and proper was the operative word.
9. Rustam turned away and, as if searching for something, gazed ______ the distance,
at the waters of the Danube, at the sky, and at the sun.
10. It’s ______ distance, you know.

Exercise 4 Use these verbs to fill the gaps. Check their usage in a dictionary
if necessary.

expand extend lower spread deepen heighten

shrink lengthen grow widen contract stretch

1. COVID19 _______ rapidly during the 2020s.

2. The steel industry _______ when the economy was strong, but now it has _______
and only employs 8,000 people.
3. This sweater of mine has _______ in the wash!
4. Our land _______ as far as those trees there.
5. Our problems have _______ since that new director came.
6. The table is a little bit higher than the second one. Let’s _______ it.
7. I’ve _______ her skirt for her.
8. The fog _______ the feeling of mystery.
9. They _______ the garden.
10. His death so soon after hers _______ our sadness even further.
Exercise 5 Complete B’s replies using a suitable form of the
dimension/distance words opposite.

1. A: These blue trousers I’ve bought are too long.

B: Well, why not get _______.
2. A: He’s a big boy, isn’t he? 1.90 metres!
B: Yes, he’s _______.
3. A: Why are we going across the field?
B: Just to get there that bit quicker; it’s _______.
4. A: We’ll have to measure how high the room is.
B: That’s not necessary; we already know the _______.
5. A: The traffic seems to move far quicker on this road since I was last here.
B: Yes, well, they _______.
6. A: Why do they have to have music on TV news programmes? It seems totally
unnecessary!
B: Well, I think they want to create a feeling of drama, and the music is supposed to
_______.
7. A: There is a short-cut to the station.
B: The new road will _______ our journey by 25 minutes.
8. A: They are widening the road.
B: Let’s measure the _______ of the house.
9. A: You don’t have much knowledge for this work.
B: I want to _______ my experience.
10. A: The table is too high.
B: You can _______ that table.

Exercise 6 This video will show you how belts are measured so you can make
sure you get the perfect fit. After watching the video discuss and share your
opinions in group.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7dlqCRndXU
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with a verb from the box in the Simple Past.

drink break swim make sit write spend buy lose wash

1. Azima ………………….. a cake an hour ago.

2. Salima ………………….. a hat last week at the wedding party.
3. Talgat ………………….. a letter yesterday to his friend.
4. The Pavlovs ……………………. in the sea for an hour.
5. The children ………………….. a lot of Coke last night.
6. Zamira ………………… her arm last week.
7. Qadirbergen ……………………. all his money last week.
8. Munisa ………………….. the clothes yesterday.
9. She……………………. his wallet last night.
10. Gulimxan ………………….. on the old chair a minute ago.

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the past form of the verbs.

Franklin 1) _______ (be) also an important scientist and inventor. He 2)

______ (draw)
electricity from a cloud on a kite string. He 3) _______ (write) one of the first text
books on electricity. He 4) ________ (invent) a simple lightning rod and many other
practical tools. He 5) _______ (make) a study of water and 6) ________ (discover)
many principles of hydrodynamics. He even 7) ______ (invent) bifocal glasses when
he was seventy-eight and 8) ______ (need) them himself. Franklin 9) ______ (do) all
these things and many more because he 10) ________(believe) he could.

Exercise 3 Match the left-and right-hand columns.

1. The city’s spread a lot; for miles along the river.

2. It takes ten weeks; you should broaden it.
3. We extended the house It’s much bigger now.
4. You can choose; There’s a wide range.
5. Your experience is too narrow; It’s a lengthy business
6. The forest stretches to give us more room.

Exercise 4 Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb.
1. When Ms. Ayimxan awoke from a good night’s sleep, she (walk) __________ to
the bathroom.
2. She (look) _________ in the mirror.
3. Oh, my! She was (frighten) __________ by what she saw.
4. Her face was (cover) ____________ in purple and green spots.
5. Ms. Ayimxan quickly (call) __________ the doctor.
6. The doctor said she (need) _____________ to come in to the office right away.
7. At the doctor’s office, both the nurse and the doctor (examine) _________ Ms.
Ayimxan’s face.
8. They were both so (surprise) ___________. No one had ever had this kind of rash
9. Ms. Ayimxan’s doctor (call) ___________ a skin specialist.
10. He said if Ms. Ayimxan (want) _________ to look normal, she would have to
stop eating pickles and blueberries at the same time.

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

1. I didn’t go home ____ weekend because some friends came to stay.

A) for B) last C) * D) at
2. They arrived _____ three o’clock _____ the afternoon.
A) at / in B) in / for C) when / ago D) last / *
3. _____ a good time last night?
A) Did you have B) Were you having C) Will you have D) Are you having
4. But when I _____ up the phone, there was no one there.
A) pick B) am picking C) picked D) was picking
5. I left college three years _____.
A) nothing B) ago C) for D) in
6. I found a flat on my own _____ last year.
A) at B) for C) * D) on
7. I _____ a very good program on TV last night.
A) was seeing B) see C) am seeing D) saw
8. _____ we got home we listened to some music.
A) For B) Last C) Last D) When
9. I had an accident _____ last night.
A) in B) * C) on D) at
10. We _____ to have a cup of coffee.
A) decided B) were deciding
C) decides D) will deciding
UNIT 4 THE INVENTION OF BASKETBALL
Grammar: Past simple continuous tense

Forming the Past continuous

The past continuous of any verb is composed of two parts: the past tense of the
verb to be (was/were), and the base of the main verb + ing.
For example: to play

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was playing I was not playing Was I playing?

You were playing You were not playing Were you playing?

He was playing He wasn't playing Was he playing?

We were playing We weren't playing Were we playing?

They were playing They weren't playing Were they playing?

(See Appendix IV)

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with a correct form of Past Continuous.

1. Alim hurt herself while he _______ (play) basketball.

2. I met my neighbor at the next door while I _______ (walk) home from work.
3. Salima saw a friend while she _______ (ride) her bicycle along Amir Temur St.
4. Pariza fell asleep while she ________(study).
5. Bobur stepped on Jamila’s feet while they _______ (dance) together.
6. He cut himself while he _______ (shave).
7. Mr. Bahrams burned themselves while they ________ (bake) cookies.
8. Temur had a nightmare while he ________ (sleep) at a friend’s house.
9. He _______ (talk) with Marina, when Mrs. Salimova came in.
10. The customer ______ (pay) his cheque at the market when he dropped his credit
card.

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with a correct form of Past Continuous. How
did it happen?

0. How did Alima hurt herself? (play basketball)

She hurt herself while she was playing basketball.

1. How did Marat burn himself? (iron his clothes)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How did Elena cut herself? (slice onions)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How did Jannat meet her husband? (fix a flat tire)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How did Mirbek break his arm? (skate)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How did you lose your wallet? (ride my bicycle)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. How did Jamal meet his wife? (swim at the beach)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. How did Bobur get a black eye? (fight with his brother)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. How did her children burn themselves? (make breakfast)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. How did Mirigul fall? (play volleyball)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What’s the matter with your foot? How did you fall? (ice-skating)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3 What’s the matter?

What was he/she What happened? What’s the result?

doing?
Aman ice-skate fall on the ice break foot
Mirbek play football kick the goalpost break leg
Bobur cycle fall off the bike injure hand
Feruza skate fall over break arm
Elmira dance trip over the carpet sprain ankle

A. Make dialogues as in the example:

Example: You: Hi, Tina! What’s the matter with your foot?
Aman: I broke it.
You: How did it happen?
Aman: I fell on the ice while I was ice-skating.

1. You: ………………………………………………………………………………?
Mirbek: ……………………………………………………………………………….
You: …………………………………………………………………………………?
Mirbek: ………………………………………………………………………………

2. You: ……………………………………………………………………………...?
Bobur: …………………………………………………………………………….…
You: …………………………………………………………………………….…..?
Bobur: ………………………………………………………………………….……

3. You: …………………………………………………………………………….. ?
Feruza: …………………………………………………………………….…………
You: ……………………………………………………………………………….. ?
Feruza: ……………………………………………………………………….………

4. You: ……………………………………………………………………….…….. ?
Almira: ………………………………………………………………………….……
You: ………………………………………………………………………………... ?
Elmira: ……………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with a correct form, the Past Simple or the Past
Continuous.

1. He _______(talk) with Madina, when Mrs. Sayora came in.

2. They ______ (study) five hours last night.
3. Janar _______ (sleep) when the telephone rang.
4. As I _______ (walk) to the lab, I met my close friend Nadira.
5. We ________ (watch) TV last night together.
6. The older woman _______ (pay) her cheque when she dropped her pocket.
7. The barber ________(cut) my hair yesterday.
8. She ________ (dance) when she hurt her ankle.
9. It ________ (rain) hard when I got up.
10. It ________ (snow) hard last night.

Exercise 5 Fill in the blanks with a correct form of Past Continuous.

1. The weather was very cool and rainy. The sun _______ (not / shine) in the sky.
2. It wasn’t a stormy night. The wind ________ (not / blow).
3. He wasn’t sleeping. He _______ (look) at the ceiling thinking about his future.
4. The boys were having a rest along the river. They _______ (not / work).
5. They were extremely happy. They _______ (enjoy) the party.
6. Damir was at home. He _______ (watch) a movie on TV.
7. Makset was getting worse. He _____ (not / recover).
8. We _______ (travel) in the north of Karakalpakstan when we were on holiday.
9. Ayzada _______ (drive) so fast when the accident happened.
10. I _______ (not / daydream) when you came in.
Vocabulary

Topic Vocabulary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
assist a pass to a teammate that chest pass a two-handed pass thrown
leads directly to a goal from chest height
backboard a board behind the basket, double- violation of dribbling the
off which the ball may dribbling ball with two hands, or
rebound stopping and restarting
the dribble
basket 1. a container used to hold or draft the annual process by
carry things which NBA teams select
2. a net fixed on a hoop used local or foreign players
as the goal for their teams
block to stop the movement of an dribble To bounce the ball
opponent, or stop an repeatedly with one hand
opponent's pass or shot while running or walking
bounce to rebound after hitting a no-look thrown without looking
surface pass a pass towards the receiver

Exercise 1 Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right.

1. education A. to grow older and become an adult

2. excited B. to make something new
3. few C. a group of people who play a sport
together
4. grow up (v.) D. happy about something happening
5. indoor E. information you learn from going to
school
6. invent (v.) F. to give advice about how to do
something
7. team G. not many
8. suggest (v.) H. inside a building; not outside

Exercise 2 Complete the paragraph by circling the correct words.

Millions of people love the sport of basketball in the United States and around
the world, but few people stop to 1)_____ about who invented it, why, where and
when. James Naismith 2)_____the game. He was born in 1861 in Ontario, Canada
and he loved to 3)_____ sports in school. After he grew up, he 4)_____ a sports
education teacher before he moved to the state of Massachusetts in the U.S. He
invented basketball for 5)_____ reasons. First, he wanted his students to have
6)_____ activity they could play during the winter months when it was 7)_____ cold
to play outside. Second, he believed that basketball was 8)_____ than football. The
very first game of basketball was played on December 21, 1891 when James asked
his college class to play a new kind of game that he invented. Some of his students
9)_____ very excited about this strange new sport, but they played anyway. After the
game, someone suggested that the new game should be called the “Naismith Game”,
but James Naismith decided to call it “Basket Ball” (which later became
“basketball”). There were some differences between the first games and the games
we 10)_____ today. For example, 11)_____ are now fewer players on a team (five
instead of nine). Also, the first games were played with soccer balls – the first real
“basketball” was only invented several years later. Basketball later became an
international sport as it became popular 12)_____ Europe after the First World War,
and then in China, India, Japan and many other countries.

1. A) thinks B) think C) thinking

2. A) invention B) invent C) invented
3. A) plays B) playing C) play
4. A) became B) become C) becomes
5. A) two B) to C) too
6. A) a indoor B) indoor C) an indoor
7. A) too B) two C) to
8. A) safest B) safer C) safely
9. A) didn’t B) weren’t C) aren’t
10. A) watch B) watches C) watching
11. A) their B) there C) they’re
12. A) at B) on C) in
Exercise 3 How Much Do You Understand? According to the article (in
Exercise 2), write ‘T’ (True) or ‘F’ (False) next to each statement.
1. The article is about the life of the inventor of basketball, James Naismith.
2. James Naismith was born in Massachusetts, in the United States.
3. The very first game of basketball was played in the winter.
4. James Naismith’s students asked to play the first basketball game.
5. Some people wanted to call basketball the “Naismith Game”.
6. The first basketball teams each had nine players.
7. He thought that Football is a better game than Basketball.
8. The first games were played with soccer balls.
9. Basketball later didn’t become an international sport.
10. There were some differences between the first games and the games we play
nowadays.

Exercise 4 Discuss the following questions with your partner. Then write
your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Do you like to watch basketball? Do you like to play it? Why? / Why not?
2. Why do you think basketball became so popular around the world?
3. Work with some classmates. Try to invent a new sport! Describe it.
4. Compare the games: Basketball and Football.
5. What kind of techniques do you think most important in playing Basketball?

Exercise 5 Fill in gaps using the words in the box.

Baskets shoot referees violations hoop time-out shot clock turnover MVP draft

1. Players earn more points if they ________ from outside the three-point line.
2. Players have to keep an eye on the ________ while they are playing.
3. Their coach indicated that he wanted a________, and the referee stopped the game.
4. Good players protect the ball to stop opposition players from making a________.
5. Two of the most common________ in junior basketball are double-dribbling and
travelling.
6. How many ________ are usually on court during a game of basketball?
7. Michael was awarded ________ many times during his career.
8. The ball has to go through the ________ from above to score a goal.
9. Every team studies the players in the ________ and decides which ones they'll try
to recruit.
10. In the early days, peach ________ were nailed to the walls and used as goals.

Exercise 6 In the video via the link given below, you are going to listen to the fouls
and violations in a basketball game. Discuss in pairs the followings: Fouls in
Basketball, Personal Fouls in Basketball, Technical Fouls in Basketball, Flagrant
Foul in Basketball, Violations in Basketball.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRYsGCKrLlI
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses using the
past simple or the past continuous.

My mother called me around four. My husband came home a little after five.
When he 1) …….. (come) home, I 2) …….. (talk) to my mother on the phone.
Yesterday Roman and Aysuluw 3) ……… (go) to the zoo around one. They 4)
……… (see) many kinds of animals. They stayed at the zoo for two hours. While
they 5) ……… (walk) home, it 6) ….…….. (begin) to rain, so they 7) ……….. (stop)
at a small café and had a cup of coffee. Yesterday afternoon I went to visit the Parker
family. When I 8) ……….. (get) there around two o’clock, Mrs. Shirin was in the
yard. She 9) ………… (plant) flowers in her garden. Mr. Aman was in the garage. He
10) ……….. (change) the oil.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses using the
simple past or the past continuous.

1. While they ……… (travel) to Navoi, Maman ………. (keep) a diary.

2. Mrs. Hurliman ………. (drive) past a house in Kalinin Street when she ………
(see) the ground floor on fire.
3. While Bahram ……. (fly) off the coast, the pilot …….. (see) sharks approaching
the swimmers.
4. The fireman ……… (fight) the fire on a balcony below when he ……… (hear)
someone’s shouts.
5. She ……… (die) while she ……….. (run) after a bus for work.
6. We …….. (have) dinner together when the electricity ……… (go) off at home.
7. She ……… (think) of something else while you …….. (talk) to her.
8. I ….….. (see) her sitting in the garden while I ………. (look) out of the window.
9. While the teacher …….. (talk), the students …….. (look) at an insect on the
ceiling.
10. While I ………. (study) last night, Farid …..… (drop by) to visit me.

Exercise 3 After you have completed the Exercise 3 above, read the text
carefully. Then translate it into your mother tongue.

Millions of people love the sport of basketball in the United States and around
the world, but few people stop to 1)_____ about who invented it, why, where and
when. James Naismith 2)_____the game. He was born in 1861 in Ontario, Canada
and he loved to 3)_____ sports in school. After he grew up, he 4)_____ a sports
education teacher before he moved to the state of Massachusetts in the U.S. He
invented basketball for 5)_____ reasons. First, he wanted his students to have
6)_____ activity they could play during the winter months when it was 7)_____ cold
to play outside. Second, he believed that basketball was 8)_____ than football. The
very first game of basketball was played on December 21, 1891 when James asked
his college class to play a new kind of game that he invented. Some of his students
9)_____ very excited about this strange new sport, but they played anyway. After the
game, someone suggested that the new game should be called the “Naismith Game”,
but James Naismith decided to call it “Basket Ball” (which later became
“basketball”). There were some differences between the first games and the games
we 10)_____ today. For example, 11)_____ are now fewer players on a team (five
instead of nine). Also, the first games were played with soccer balls – the first real
“basketball” was only invented several years later. Basketball later became an
international sport as it became popular 12)_____ Europe after the First World War,
and then in China, India, Japan and many other countries.

Exercise 4 Complete the activity.

Alley oop Rebound Dribble Lay-up Travelling Airball

Goal tending Free throw Double dribble Jump ball

1. A play in which one player throws the ball into the vicinity of the rim and a
jumping team-mate catches it and scores a basket in one motion
2. Controlling the basketball by bouncing it with either hand
3. An unhindered basketball shot from the foul line; given to penalize the other team
for committing a foul
4. A basketball shot made with one hand from a position under or beside the basket
(and usually banked off the backboard)
5. An official tosses the ball up between two players who jump in an effort to tap it to
a teammate
6. Touching the ball when a shot is descending towards the basket or is directly above
the basket
7. A violation by a player with the ball who moves both feet without dribbling
8. The act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot
9. A shot that missed the rim, net and backboard
10. An illegal dribble in basketball (the player uses both hands to dribble or the
player starts to dribble a second time after coming to a stop).

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

This morning I __1)__ to work. I __2)__ to go by bus because the sun __3)__.
While I __4)__ past the supermarket, I __5)__ something strange. A man __6)__ near
me and he __7)__ a song very loudly on his own! He __8)__ for a few minutes. Then
he __9)__ a friend and he __10)__ singing.

1. A) was walking B) walked C) walk D) walking

2. A) didn’t want B) wasn’t wanting C) don’t want D) am not wanting
3. A) shone B) is shining C) was shining D) shines
4. A) walked B) am walking C) was walked D) was walking
5. A) was seeing B) saw C) am seeing D) see
6. A) passed B) was passing C) pass D) passes
7. A) sang B) sing C) was singing D) song
8. A) was continuing B) continues C) is continuing D) continued
9. A) will met B) met C) was meeting D) meet
10. A) was stopping B) stop C) stopped D) is stopping
UNIT 5 LEISURE AND SPORT
Grammar: Present Perfect tense
Forming the Present Perfect
The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements: the appropriate form of
the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb.
The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked.

Examples: to walk
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?

You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?

He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?

We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?

You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?

They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?

(See Appendix V)

Exercise 1 Write a suitable sentence using the Present Perfect tense.

1. Amir’s shirt was dirty. Now it’s clean. (wash)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Tursinbek was 80 kg. Now he’s 70. (lose weight)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Bahadir played football yesterday. Now he can’t walk; his leg is in plaster.
(break)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. My brother is looking for his pencil case. (lose)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Mafruza is on holiday in France. (go)
……………………………………………………………………………………..…..
6. Mr. Hakim was in Switzerland last week. He’s back in London now. (be)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Look! Mrs. Aysultan has got a lot of packages. (buy)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I can’t eat anything now. (eat too much)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mrs. Japparova is very tired. (clean / house)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Tumaris needs a holiday. (work / hard / this year)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2 Follow the example and do the same using Already/Yet/Just.

Examples:
a) Bring the milk in, please.
- I have ALREADY brought it in.
b) She has been in the shop. (buy anything)
- She has been in the shop but she hasn’t bought anything YET.
c) he / go out
- What has he JUST done?
- He has JUST gone out.

1. You have a bad cough. I think you should stop smoking.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Why don’t you clean your shoes?

………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I finished reading my library books a long time ago. (not change them)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. the teacher / walk out
………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. the dog / see the cat
………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. We have guests today. Shall we make a cake?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She went to the bus-stop half an hour ago. (the bus / not come)
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Jane / turn the TV off
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He borrowed my book last year. (not give it back)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. We should invite Mary to the party.
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3 Read the passage. Open the brackets and put the words in
Present perfect tense.
A Look at the Intriguing History of Snowboarding by Keith Kingston
To say who actually invented the sport of snowboarding would be impossible
because people ______ always 1) _______ (love) to slide down a snow-covered hill.
Soaring through the snow on some kind of seat or board is nothing new. The ways to
enjoy the snow are numerous, and people 2)________ (devise) ways to turn garbage
can lids and cardboard into ‘snow boards’ to enjoy an afternoon frolic outdoors. The
various ways to glide through snow 3) _______ (become) more sophisticated
and 4)______ (evolve) into using polished boards or skis in much the same manner as
a surfboarder would ride a wave. There 5)________ (to be) many attempts at
developing a modern snowboard. In 1965, the ‘Snurfer’ (a word play
on ‘snow’ and ‘surfer’) was developed as a child’s toy. From the first crudely built
snowboards to the advanced and specialized models available today, snowboarders
6) _____ (carry) a ‘bad boy’ image. Olympic and world wide snowboarding events 7)
______ (become) among the most popular of winter sports and the competition to be
the best is fierce. Retailers nation wide and around the world carry many types of
snowboards, and the choice in specially made snowboarding gear is immense.
Snowboarders 8) _______ (participate) in the X Games and even charity events such
as Boarding for Breast Cancer. From its early meager beginnings snowboarding 9)
_______ (progress) into a fully recognized sport, and large numbers of people 10)
______ (turn) to snowboarding for adventure, fun, and professional recognition.

Exercise 4 Use present perfect tense after “because”.

1. Hamida can’t walk very fast. (hurt / leg)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I can’t get in the house. (lose / key)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I know this story very well. (see the film)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I can’t post the letter. (not put / stamp / on it)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Atabek can’t stand up. (eat too much)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They can’t go on holiday to Paris. (not save / money)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I know Mrs Farida well. (meet her before)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We don’t know how Mr Axmed is. (not hear from him)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Anvar won’t take a cigarette. (give up smoking)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Salamat can’t get in. (he / lock the door)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 5 Rewrite the following sentences twice, using “since” and “for”.

Example: I haven’t seen you. (Sabrina’s wedding / 3 months)

a) I haven’t seen you SINCE Sabrina’s wedding.
b) I haven’t seen you FOR 3 months.

1. We’ve been here in the park. (an hour / 5 o’clock)

a) …………………………………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………………………………
2. Gulsara hasn’t spoken to me. (5 weeks / last week)
a) …………………………………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………………………………
3. Turmanovs have lived in this street. (1990 / a long time)
a) …………………………………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………………………………
4. I haven’t had time to do the task. (last Monday / a few days)
a) …………………………………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………………………………
5. We haven’t bought a new house. (ages / many years)
a) …………………………………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 6 In this video, you can learn how to talk about sports in English. What
sports do you like playing?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHOmj2TO4mM
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary in contrast

umpire / referee final / finale / end / ending draw / equal
Pitch / track / court / course / bat / stick / rod / racket Spectator / viewer
ring / rink
sport / athletics interval / half time competitor
/opponent
Win / beat / score Play / game amateur /
professional

Word formation
fortune misfortune, allow disallow, allowance, interest (un)interesting(ly)
(un)fortunate(ly) allowable
medal medallist, associate dicassociate, oppose opposition, opponent,
medallion assotiacion,
train retrain, trainer know knowledge, practice practise,
(un)knowledgeable (im)practical(ly)
opposite, opposing competitive(ly)
enjoy enjoyment, compete competetion, maintain maintanance
ejoyable competitor,
equip equipment, lose lost, loss prefer to do(rather than (to)
equipped do); prefer sth (rather than
 smth)

Exercise 1 Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.

course pitch rink track beat score win bat stick

rod racket court ring

1. We used to go skating at the ice ........................every Sunday.

2. Keith had never seen such a large golf .................... until he went to Scotland.
3. We all met at the basketball .........................at half past three.
4. It’s called a boxing ......................... , but it's actually square!
5. For the 800 metres race, you have to run round the ......................twice.
6. The football match had to be calledoff because the ............................ was flooded.
7. Our team ...................until half time, but in the second half the other team
................. three goals, and so they .............. us. But it was a greatmatch!
8. Adrian got a new fishing ..................for this birthday.
9. I’d spend hours putting linseed oil on my cricket ..................... to keep the wood
strong.
10. Why are hockey ........................... such a strange shape?

Exercise 2 Circle the correct word or phrase.

1. The umpire/referee blew the whistle and the most important football match I’ve
ever played began.
2. We used to play rugby in the winter term, football in the spring term, and we’d do
athletics /sport and swimming in the summer term.
3. Do you fancy a game/play of cards?
4. I only do magic tricks for fun. I’ve never thought of becoming an amateur/ a
professional magician.
5. The play was so boring, we walked out during half time/the interval.
6. The Aral equalled / drew 3-3 with Namangan in the match last Saturday.
7. Spectators/ Viewers who watched last week’s programme will remember we were
looking at the history of baseball.
8. We got through to the final / finale, but then lost to Paxtakor.
9. Most people prefer films which have a happy end/ ending.
10. Would all opponents / competitors please make their way to the starting line?

Exercise 3 Use the word given in the box at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the gap in the same line.

know enjoy equip practical compete oppose lose

become improve fortune

A snooker player speaks

 When I first started playing snooker. I had no real 1) . ................of the rules. I just
thought it looked an 2) ...................... game. Also, I didn't need to buy any expensive
3) ...................... because the snooker hall near my house had tables and cues. I spend
4) ................. all the free time I had practising, and then decided to entera 5)
.................. . It was great fun!. My 6) ................ was someone who'd been playing for
years. Of course, he beat me, but the fact that I’d 7) .................. didn’t put me off at
all. And, 8) ......................... , my game 9) .................. enough for me to 10)
.................. a professional snooker player three years ago.

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in

capitals when this is necessary.

1. I need to buy a new pair of ............. (TRAIN).

2. Elvira used to ..................(PRACTICE) for hours to learn to juggle properly.
3. That was the most ...................(INTEREST) book I’ve ever read. I can’t wait for
the sequel!
4. Would you describe yourself as a .............. (COMPETE) person?
5. Many professional basketball players earn a .................(FORTUNE) these days.
6. F.A. stands for Football ............... (ASSOCIATE).
7. The gold, silver and bronze .................... (MEDAL) took their places on the
podium for the presentation ceremony.
8. In Britain, the money parents give their children is often called pocket money. In
America, It’s often called an ............... (ALLOW).
9. I’m afraid the swimming pool is closed at the moment as they’re carrying out some
essential ................. (MAINTAIN).
10. I wanted to be ................. (INVOLVE) in school sports competitions.

Exercise 5 Name one other piece of equipment necessary to play these

sports apart from the item given, as in the example. What special clothing,
if any, is worn for each sport?

1. archery: bow,…
2. badminton: racket,…
3. hockey: stick,…
4. baseball: bat,…
5. darts: darts,…
6. golf: clubs,…
7. swimming: swimming togs, …
8. mountain-biking: padded bike shorts, …
9. sky-diving: parachute, …
10. gymnastics: climbing ropes, …
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Put the verbs in the correct tense. Use the simple past or the
present perfect.

1. ………… Nigina …………. (study) yesterday afternoon?

2. ………… you ………. (send) the letters yet?
3. ………… she ………….. (call) him a week ago?
4. My book isn’t here. Somebody ……………. (take) it.
5. Why ………… (Jamal / not want) to play tennis last Sunday?
6. …………. you …………. (ever / be) in a TV studio?
7. ………… you and Sabina ………… (enjoy) the party last night?
8. ………… you ………. (not / finish) school last year?
9. I ………. (lose) my English dictionary. I can’t find it anywhere.
10. His hair looks short. He ……….. (have) a haircut.

Exercise 2 Ask questions with “How long?”.

Example: She is married. - HOW LONG has she been married?

1. I know Boburov. ………………………………………………………………….

2. Sara and Allamurat are married. ………………………………………………….
3. Gulnigar is unemployed. ………………………………………………………….
4. Those books are here. …………………………………………………………….
5. Marina is at the airport. …………………………………………………………...
6. My sister is ill. …………………………………………………………………….
7. Sapar has got a bad cold. …………………………………………………………
8. Janargul has long hair. ……………………………………………………………
9. I have a yacht. …………………………………………………………………….
10. They are in the restaurant. ……………………………………………………….

Exercise 3 Answer the questions given in the following quiz. The results of
the quiz will help you to figure out whether “extreme sports” can be your
hobby or one of the ways of spending your leisure time.

Pop quiz
Are you the sort of person who loves adventure?

1. Which activity would you prefer?

a. Gliding
b. Horse-riding
c. Stamp-collecting
2. You are lost in a strange town. What would you do?
a. I’d panic. If I had enough money, I’d take a taxi.
b. I’d ask a passer-by for directions.
c. If I wasn’t in a hurry, I’d explore.
3. You’ve been to a disco. It’s past midnight and you have missed the last bus home.
What would you do?
a. I’d start walking home.
b. I’d hitch a lift from a passing car.
c. I’d phone home and ask to be collected.
4. You are invited to dinner by some Australian friends. They want you to try a
special dish: kangaroo steaks. What would you say?
a. I’d say “Fantastic! I wouldn’t miss it!”
b. I would make an excuse so that I didn’t have to go.
c. I would accept the invitation, a bit hesitantly.
5. If your best friend dyed his/her hair blue, what would you think?
a. I would think about changing my own hairstyle to something a little bit more
original.
b. I’d think that they were mad.
c. It would depend whether or not the colour suited them.
6. You win first prize in a competition: a trip to East Atlantic. What would be the
main attraction for you?
a. I’d enjoy staying in a luxury hotel and relaxing
b. I’d enjoy improving my sun-tan at the beach and joining a couple of sight-seeing
tours.
c. The main attraction would be discovering a new country: the people, the scenery,
the wildlife.

Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer.

1. The ............ in the stadium all cheered the athletes.

A) viewers B) witnesses C) spectators D) onlookers
2. I got a new baseball .............. yesterday.
A) stick B) club C) racket D) bat
3. After a hard match, United mannaged to ............... with city , 1-1
A) equal B) exast C) draw D) score
4. In this game, the players ............ it in turns to throw the dice.
A) take B) do C) make D) have
5. It’s nice to win, but the important thing is to ............. your best.
A) make B) take C) have D) do
6. Just ask them if you can play and I'm sure they'll let you ................... .
A) take up B) join in C) go off D) take to
7. Everyone expects Johnson to ............Smith in today’s final;
A) beat B) score C) win D) champion
8. Why are you so tired? Because I .................. all morning.
A) jog B) was jogged C) have been jogging D)had been jogged
9. It was the first time I .................. a live match.
A) was every seeing B) had ever been seeing C) had ever seen D) was ever seen
10. I ............. the whole of War and Peace by the time I was seven years old.
A) was reading B) had been reading C) had read D) had been read

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

1. _____ I have finished this exercise. Thank goodness! It was so boring.

A) Together B) At last C) Exactly D) Just
2. Gulaim’s English is getting better. She _____ a lot of English since she _____
here.
A) learnt / has come B) has learnt / has come C) has learnt / came D) learnt / came
3. Murat and Jamal _____ here five months ago. They _____ in this city for five
months.
A) came / have been B) have come / have been C) come / were D) has come / has
been
4. Dastan can go to bed now. He _____ his homework.
A) finish B) has finished C) finishes D) finished
5. Alima _____ in Russia, but she would like to go there one day.
A) was B) has been C) wasn’t D) has never been
6. He and his wife have lived next to me _____ their son, Nadirbek, was born.
A) for B) when C) since D) *
7. I’ve known him _____ we went to school together, but I’ve _____ met his parents.
A) ever / ever B) for / never C) since / for D) since / never
8. Anna has had a bad cold _____ the last few days.
A) for B) after C) since D) in
9. I have written a letter _____ breakfast.
A) * B) before C) for D) since
10. I’m looking after Tursinbek today. He’s been at my house _____ 8.00 this
morning.
A) at B) for C) since D) from
UNIT 6 THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Grammar: Present Perfect Continuous
tense

Forming the Present Perfect Continuous

The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the
verb to be (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)

Subject has/have been base+ing

She has been swimming

Examples: to live
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have been living I haven't been living Have I been living?

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?

He, she, it has been living He hasn't been living Has she been living?

We have been living We haven't been living Have we been living?

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?

They have been living They haven't been living Have they been living?
(See Appendix VI)

Exercise 1 Put each verb in brackets into the most appropriate perfect or
past verb form.

1) So far we haven't noticed (not/notice) anything unusual, but we (not/pay) very

close attention.
2) I'm sorry I (not/come) to grammar club lately.
3) He (work) late in the evenings for the past fortnight.
4) Begis (get) that new job, but he (complain) about it ever since.
5) Here is the news. The Home Office (announce) that the two prisoners who
(escape) from the prison earlier this morning (give themselves up) to local police.
6) (you/make up) your minds? What (you/decide) to do?
7) Umid (leave) home rather suddenly and we (not/hear) from him since.
8) Recent research (show) that Columbus (not/discover) America, but that Vikings
(land) there five hundred years before him.
9) I think that people (become) tired of the poor quality of television programmes,
though they (improve) lately.
10) (something/happen) to the phonelines? I (try) to get through to London for the
past hour.

Exercise 2 Use Present Perfect Continuous tense to fill in the blanks.

0. I’m tired, because I have been working (work) on my rapport very hard.
1. She _______ (earn) quite a lot of money for the last three years.
2. He ______ (write) letters all morning.
3. Catherina is getting fatter because she _______ (eat) too much.
4. My mother _______ (peel) the potatoes all afternoon.
5. Clara ________ (attend) a cookery course since March.
6. How long ______ you ______(learn) English?
7. Where are my eye-glasses? I ______ (look) for them for two hours.
8. Charles _______ (escape) from the police for years.
9. How long ______ you ______ (use) a computer?
10. Elizabeth _______(live) with Mike for three years.

Exercise 3 Complete the postcard below with the present perfect

continuous form of the verbs.

Hi Damir!
 We 1) _____ (spend) an awesome time. Right now, I’m in a little café near the
beach. I 2) ______ (sit) here since breakfast! The others 3) ______(play) volleyball
for hours, but I’m too lazy! This place is really interesting. I 4) _____(read) a bit
about its history since we arrived. Some of the buildings are hundreds of years old.
My dad bought a new camera at the airport and since then he 5) _____(take) photos
non-stop. I 6) ______(take part in) small sport competitions here since we came.
However, I realized that I should practice more. Also, I 7) _____ (read) that book
you borrowed since I left the town, but I haven’t finished it yet. It’s really interesting.
Anyway, how are you? I hope you 8) _____ (feel well) and everything is OK.
What 9) _______ (you/do) since the last time we spoke? I hope it 10) ______ (not
rain) all week!
See you soon.
Salamat

Exercise 4 Use present perfect tense or present perfect continuous to fill in

the blanks.

1. Oh, Hakim has scored / has been scoring in the match.

2. This group of girls have danced / have been dancing for half an hour.
3. I have been waiting / have waited for Ayzada for ages.
4. I’ve finished / ‘ve been finishing my essay on topic “Global problems”.
5. I’ve been writing / have written this letter for half an hour.
6. Damegul has visited / has been visiting ten museums this week.
7. I’m very tired. Because I have travelled / have been travelling around Muynak all
day.
8. She has found / has been finding a good job at a company.
9. I’m hot and tired because I have been running / have run.
10. I have written / have been writing articles for weeks.

Exercise 5 Match the situations on the left (1-10) with the causes (a-j) on
the right.

1 The streets are wet. a She’s been exercising all month.

2 The children aren’t hungry now. b She’s been leaning on the blackboard
3 He’s out of breath. c She’s been dancing for hours.
4 Both students have black eyes. d It’s been raining for hours.
5 Carol’s pants are dirty e He’s been running for an hour.
6 The teacher’s sweater is covered in f She’s been working in the garden.
chalk.
7 Anvar coughs all the time. g They’ve been eating cookies all day.
8 Liliya’s feet are sore. h He’s been smoking for years.
9 Dinara feels great. i They’ve been fighting.
10 Marjan’s eyes are very red. j She’s been crying all night.
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
alter to make something or goalkeeper the player whose job is
someone different to stop the ball going
into the goal in games
such as football
clothing clothes of a particular type ice rink a large flat area of ice
outdoor/protective/waterproof inside a building, where
clothing people can go to ice-
skate
competitor someone who takes part in a opponent someone who is
sports competition competing against you
crash a hard round hat that you release the act of moving a piece
helmet wear to protect your head of equipment from the
while driving a motorcycle or position that it is held in
racing car
goal the net or structure that you track a piece of ground used
try to get the ball into in for racing
games such as football and
basketball
Exercise 1 Read the short extract from the text “The Ancient Olympics”. Fill
in gaps with the words below.
Olympus mythology javelin event games appeared race olive tree peace wreaths

The Ancient Olympics

The first recorded Olympic Games were an altogether more modest affair than
those of today, consisting of just one 1) ________, the stadion foot race. The year
was 776 BC and the location was Olympia in western Greece, not to be confused
with 2) ________, which is a mountain in north-east Greece and thought to be the
home of the Gods. The origins of the Games are shrouded in the 3) ________ of
Ancient Greece – some say Herakles (or Hercules) was responsible for them, others
say Pelops (a Lydian prince) started them, but all agree that the 4) ________ were
started up to honour Zeus, king of the Gods. The Games were held every four years
from the beginning and each Olympiad saw additions to the events. The Pentathlon
consisted of five events; the long jump, the stadion 5) ________, discus throwing, 6)
________ and wrestling, but this only 7) ________ seventy years after the first
Olympiad. Before the start of the first Olympiad, King Iphitos of Elis (a city-state of
Olympia) was ordered by the Delphic Oracle to plant an 8) ________ to symbolise 9)
________ among the cities and states of Ancient Greece. It was from this tree that the
winners’ 10) ________ were taken over the five days of the Games.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with words formed from the ones given in
the brackets.

1. He took part in a lot of ________ (COMPETE) when he was younger.

2. He’s the youngest ________ (CONTEST) in the race.
3. You should respect your ________ (OPPOSE).
4. The FA Cup is a popular ________ (SPORT) event.
5. The first ________ (DIVIDE) in England is called the Premier League.
6. One of the ________ (SPECTATE) attacked the referee.
7. The ________ (GOAL) saved two penalties.
8. We do a lot of ________ (GYM) at our school.
9. We do ________ (DOOR) sports in good weather.
10. ________ (WEIGHT) is a popular sport in Bulgaria.

Exercise 3 Read the short text below. Then fill in gaps by using the in the
box.

Penalties ski carry fly made up in flat add mass finish

Biathlon
This is an individual sport 1) _________ 2) _________ and rifle shooting.
Players 3) _________ their rifles 4) _________ their backs, competitors ski a long
distance (up to 20 kilometres) on a snow-covered route that is mostly 5) _________ .
They have to stop in various places to 6) _________ their rifles at targets: whenever
they 7) _________ a target there is a time penalty, which means some time is 8)
_________ on to the time they take to reach the end of the route. The winner is the
competitor who 9) _________ in the quickest time, including 10) _________.

Exercise 4 Read the definitions and guess the names of sports.

1. It’s like tennis but you use a shuttlecock, not a ball. ________
2. It’s like tennis but you hit the ball against a wall. ________
3. You can play it on grass or on ice. ________
4. Indoors there are six players on each side, but on the beach there are two on each
side. ________
5. Popular in the USA, 11 a side, you need a bat and a ball. ________
6. Popular in New Zealand, 15 a side, the ball is not round. ________
7. You need a bow, an arrow and a target. ________
8. When you throw the ball well, you get 1, 2 or 3 points. ________
9. You have to run 42.195 kilometres. ________
10. A baton, 4 runners, 100 or 400 metres. ________.

Exercise 5 Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–j next
to the numbers 1–10.

1. Sports that include running, jumping and throwing. a. boxing

2. Two people fight just using their hands. They wear b. athletics
special gloves.
3. Jumping or falling into water. c. rowing
4. Two people fight using swords. d. diving
5. Similar to dancing. You need a lot of strength, e. hockey
balance, co-ordination and flexibility.
6. A team sport. You have to move the ball into the f. marathon
opponent’s goal with a stick.
7. A long-distance running race. It’s 42.195km! g. fencing
8. Athletes race in boats on rivers or lakes. h. swimming
9. Athletes race in the water. i. volleyball
10. A team sport with six players on each side. You hit j. gymnastics
the ball over the net with your hands.

Exercise 6 In this video, you are going to watch the ancient origins of the Olympics
- Armand D’Angour through the link given below. Discuss in groups and answer the
following question: How did the Olympics become the greatest show of sporting
excellence on Earth? Dig into the history and evolution of the global event.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdHHus8IgYA
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Use present perfect tense or present perfect continuous to fill in
the blanks.

1. I haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing you for ages.

2. Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading T.Qayipbergenov yet?
3. They’ve eaten / have been eating apples all afternoon, ever since they came from
school.
4. I’ve been reading / have read this journal now, so you can have it back.
5. I’ve been writing / have written eight pages already.
6. Temur, your exam paper is completely blank! What have you been doing / have
you done?
7. Oh, no! There’s nothing to eat. My little sister has been eating / has eaten
everything I left in the kitchen.
8. Oh, no! There’s no red wine to drink. They have drunk / have been drinking all
the red wine.
9. No wonder your eyes hurt. You’ve been playing / have played computer games
ever since you had your dinner.
10. I’ve bought / have been buying a new pair of black shoes.

Exercise 2 Use the present perfect tense or the present perfect continuous
to fill in the blanks.

1. I’m extremely tired. We ……………. (walk) along this street for over an hour.
Let’s stop and rest for a while.
2. The zoo isn’t far from here. I ……………… (walk) there many times before.
3. I ……………. (write) my friends a dozen emails since I left home and come
home.
4. Saltanat is writing a letter to her boyfriend. She ……………. (write) it since she
got home from class. It’s going to be a long letter.
5. The telephone …………….. (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it has
been for my groupmate.
6. The telephone ……………… (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone
answer it?
7. She is 70 and she ……………… (never / read) a book in her whole life.
8. The secretary looks so tired. She ……………… (type) all morning in the office.
9. Alimbek is reading a book. He started two hours ago and he is on page 63. He
…………….. (read) for two hours.
10. Hi! I ……………… (clean) the windows. So far I ……………… (clean) four of
them and there are two more to do.
Exercise 3 Read the text carefully. Then translate it into your mother
tongue.
The Modern Olympics
Around 1,500 years after the Ancient Olympics were abolished; a Frenchman
named Baron de Coubertin decided to reinstate the Games as a means of providing
friendship and understanding between nations. The first Modern Olympics were held
in Athens in 1896, but it wasn’t until 1920, in Antwerp, that the Olympic rings made
their debut on the flag. The five rings are thought to symbolise the five continents;
Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and America, and it is widely believed that the
colours of the rings (blue, black, red, yellow and green) were chosen because at least
one of them can be found in the flag of every nation.
At the 1908 London Games, Bishop Ethelbert Talbot impressed Baron de
Coubertin with his speech to the Olympic athletes when he declared “The important
thing in these Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in
life is not the triumph but the struggle.” Baron de Coubertin adopted the first part of
this speech as the creed for the Games which now appears on the scoreboard during
the opening ceremony. As well as providing the games with a creed, Baron de
Coubertin also adopted the motto “Citius, altius, fortius” from his father’s school
motto. It means “Swifter, higher, stronger”, a sentiment that athletes from all over the
world aspire to achieve.

Exercise 4 Circle the correct one answer.

1. When were the first Ancient c) five years.

Olympics held? d) seventy years.
a) 776 BC 5. The prize for winning an event was
b) 76 BC _________.
c) 76 AD a) five gold rings.
d) 776 AD b) a crown of wild olive branches.
2. Where were they held? c) a gold medal.
a) Olympus d) five goats.
b) Sparta 6. When were the first Modern
c) Athens Olympics held?
d) Olympia a) 1896
3. The Games were held in honour of b) 1908
_________. c) 1920
a) Apollo. d) 1924
b) Zeus. 7. Where were they held?
c) Athena. a) Antwerp
d) Poseidon. b) Amsterdam
4. The Ancient Games took place every c) Athens
_________. d) London
a) year. 8. The five Olympic rings represent
b) four years. _________.
a) the winner’s five gold rings. c) … not to win but to take part.”
b) the five continents. d) … to take drugs and not be caught.”
c) the five events of the Pentathlon. 10. The Olympic motto ‘Citius, altius,
d) the winner’s five goats. fortius’ means _________.
9. Finish this sentence “The important a) A lemon a day keeps the doctor
thing in these games is _________. away
a) … not to take part but to win.” b) My country is the best
b) … to make friends around the c) Swifter, higher, stronger
world.” d) Forty people from each country.

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

We __1)__ in our new house for several months. Since we __2)__in, we __3)__ very
busy. Everyone __4)__ to get the house ready. So far we __5)__ the living room and the
kitchen. Soon after we arrived the central heating __6)__ down, so we __7)__ to spend
a lot of money to repair it. We __8)__ gardening very much, but we __9)__ time to do
anything in the garden yet. And it __10)__ very heavily recently, so we’ll just wait till
the weather gets better.

1. A) lives B) lived C) have lived D) have been living

2. A) have moved B) moved C) have been moving D) are moving
3. A) are B) have been being C) were D) have been
4. A) has been helping B) has helped C) helps D) helped
5. A) decorated B) decorate C) have decorated D) have decorating
6. A) have broken B) broke C) breaks D) are breaking
7. A) have been having B) have C) had D) have had
8. A) are liking B) liked C) have liked D) like
9. A) don’t have B) haven’t had C) had not D) aren’t having
10. A) is raining B) rained C) have been raining D) has rained
UNIT 7 TRAVELLING
Grammar: Stative Verbs

List of Stative Verbs

adore agree appear (seem)
appreciate be (exist) believe
belong to concern consist of
contain cost deny
depend on deserve detest
disagree dislike doubt
equal feel hate
have (possession) hear imagine
include involve know
lack like loathe
look (seem) love matter
mean measure mind
need owe own
possess promise realize
recognize remember resemble
satisfy see seem
smell sound suppose
surprise taste think (opinion)
understand want weigh
59
 wish
(See Appendix VII)

Exercise 1 Complete each sentence using the stative verb from the parenthesis.

1. Jasur _________ dessert every day. (has, eats, possesses)

2. I _________ good about the race’s outcome. (am, were, feel)
3. She _________ her mother. (imagines, resembles, walks with)
4. Do you _________ they will win? (think, involve, promise)
5. They really _________ everything you did for them. (include, appreciate, dislike)
6. I think the professor was _________ with my speech. (involved, measured, satisfied)
7. Can you _________ the coffee brewing? (feel, smell, dislike)
8. My sister still _________ a lot of money on her student loans. (deserve, owe, involve)
9. You _________ more shoes than anyone else I know! (dislike, suppose, have) .
10. Do you _________ the answer? (depend on, know, include)

Exercise 2 Put the verb into the correct form. Use either the present simple
or the present continuous.

1. Please girls don’t make so much noise. I _______ (study).

2. Hurry! The bus _________ (come). I _________ (not/want) to miss it.
3. I ________ (not/belong) to a political party.
4. The river _________ (flow) very fast today, much faster than usual.
5. We usually_______ (grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year we __________
(not/grow) any.
6. A: Anna, can you drive? B: No, but I _______ (learn). My father ______ (teach) me.
7. Alisa, you can borrow my umbrella. I ____________ (not/need) it at the moment.
8. I usually _________ (enjoy) parties but I _________ (not/enjoy) this one very much.
9. Nagima is still ill but she _________ (get/better) slowly.
10. Sabira __________ (stay) with her sister at the moment, until she finds somewhere
to live.

Exercise 3 Circle the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

1) Right now my brothers (think, are thinking) about studying at a foreign university.
2) Azamat (has been knowing, has known) Jasur for many years.
3) She told me that she (had always loved, had always been loving) the theatre and
music.
4) It (is depending, depends) on what the weather (is being, is) like on Sunday.
5) Elmira (has owned, has been owning) that car for over five years.
6) Mariana (saw, was seeing) Farhad for the first time in a club in Samarkand Village.
7) Aziz (was tasting, tasted) the wine when suddenly the fire alarm went off in the
restaurant. He spilled wine all over his shirt and trousers.
8) The flowers (smelled, were smelling) lovely in our garden last year in summer days.
9) I (am thinking, think) that I should look for a new job in the city centre.
60
10) The thieves looked into his rear-view mirror and (was realizing, realized) that they
(were being, were) followed by a police car on the big road.

Exercise 4 Complete the second sentences that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence using one of the words in bold. Do not change the word in bold.

1) Bahram and his father are exactly alike in appearance. looks like/looking like
Bahram ___________ his father.
2) Take all your possessions and walk slowly to the exit. belongs/belonging
Take _________ everything and walk slowly to the exit.
3) I’m finding it really enjoyable to work here. enjoy/enjoying
I _________here.
4) I take work home regularly because of my new responsibility at work.
means/meaning
My new responsibility at work _________ work home regularly.
5) In my cycling group there’s Gafur, Tursin, Hakim and me. consists/consisting
My__________ Gafur, Tursinbek, Hakim and me.
6) In your opinion, who’s going to win the Cup? think/thinking
Who do _________win the Cup?
7) I’m seeing how wide the front door is. measure/measuring
I __________ the front door.
8) Nadir always forgets his wife’s birthday. remembers/remembering
Nadir __________ his wife’s birthday.
9) Its ability to catch marine fish is the key to the polar bear’s survival.
depends/depending
The polar bear’s __________ to catch marine fish.
10) What’s on your mind at the moment? think/thinking
What __________ at the moment?

Exercise 5 Most of these sentences contain an error. Where there is an error,

rewrite the sentence correctly.

1) I’m depending on you, so don’t make any mistakes!

________________________________________________________________
2) Is this total including the new students?
________________________________________________________________
3) Excuse me, but do you wait for somebody?
________________________________________________________________
4) These tomatoes are tasting a bit funny.
________________________________________________________________
5) How are you feeling today?
________________________________________________________________
6) I look forward to hearing from you.
________________________________________________________________
61
7) I have a feeling that something goes wrong.
________________________________________________________________
8) What’s that you’re eating?
________________________________________________________________
9) Are you hearing anything from Mirbek these days?
________________________________________________________________
10) I think you’re being rather mean about this.
________________________________________________________________

62
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary in contrast

Voyage/journey/trip/trav Fare/ticket/fee Live/stay
el/excursion
View/sight Miss/lose Border/edge/line
World/earth Take/bring/go Length/distance
Area/territory Book/keep Guide/lead
Season/period Arrive/reach Native/home

Word formation
Arrange rearrange, Direct indirect , direction , Recognise
arrangement director, (in)directly (un)recognisable,
recognition
Arrive arrival Distant distantly , distance Time timetable
Broad breadth , broaden Enter entrance Tour tourism, tourist
Culture cultural(ly), Inhabit inhabitant World worldwide
(un)cultured
Differ different(ly), Photograph photography,
difference photographer,
photographic

63
Exercise 1 Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word (it may be a compound) that fits in the gap in the same line.

TOUR VOYAGE ARRANGE FEE TIME SIGHT

CULTURE PHOTOGRAPH INHABIT AREA

It’s not always easy being a 1) ________. You spend half your time making 2)
________ for your holiday and the other half worrying about sticking to the 3)
________. I think it’s relaxing sometimes to spend a holiday at home. There are no 4)
problems, you don't need someone to be the 5) ________ and you know that the local 6)
________ are always friendly! You learn a lot about the local 7) ________ by speaking
to local people. Captain Cook discovered Australia on a 8) ________ to the Pacific.
Most tourist attractions in London charge an admission 9) ________. The sunset over
Niagara Falls really is a magnificent 10) _________.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in

capitals when this is necessary. You may sometimes need a compound.

1. Nukus has changed so much in the last few years that it’s almost ___________
(RECOGNISE).
2. The number of cars___________ (WORLD) is about a billion and is increasing all
the time.
3. The new maglev trains run on a completely___________ (DIFFER) system from
ordinary trains.
4. Living in a foreign country really does ___________ (BROAD) your horizons.
5. I can’t find a ___________ (DIRECT) flight from London to Tashkent so I’ve
booked one that changes in Frankfurt.
6. All passengers must complete a visa form upon (ARRIVE)___________ at
Singapore airport.
7. You can still see old milestones by the side of the road in England, showing the
___________ (DISTANT) to the nearest town.
8. The Museum of Transport has a full-sized jet plane next to the___________
(ENTER).
9. I get the train to work every day and the ___________ (FARE) is quite expensive.
10. It’s good to have someone to ___________ (GUIDE) you when you are on holiday.

Exercise 3 Find the extra word in each line.

The cancelled trip

1. ________ Oh, let me tell you about our trip. Did you know that Sara is afraid of be
2. ________ flying? We had arranged it with her family to go to France for a few days.
3. ________ I have always wanted to see Paris and would love to live in there one day.
4. ________ Well, we got to the airport and Sara appeared being nervous. I asked her if
64
5. ________ she was okay and she said she was fine, so we continued on to our way.
6. ________ We went through passport control and I could see so that Sara wasn’t
7. ________ keen on going any further. Just then, a voice announced: “We regret it to
8. ________ inform passengers that Flight 114 to France is been cancelled.” That was
9. ________ our flight! Sarah said she was glad because of she was too frightened to
10. ________ fly anyway! So, we all went to home. That was the end of that trip!

Exercise 4 Match each person from the box with one of the comments.

conductor rambler hitchhiker commuter passenger driver steward

traffic warden passer-by pedestrian

1) I love wandering through the countryside along deserted footpaths. _________

2) I’ll bring you your drink in just a minute, madam. _________
3) I’ve been waiting all morning at this roundabout for someone to stop. _________
4) I was just walking down the street opposite the bank when I saw it happen.________
5) I’ve spent the last half an hour looking for a spot. It’s hopeless. _________
6) I’ll ring the bell for you, love, when it’s time to get off. _________
7) The sign clearly says two hours only and you’ve been here all day. _________
8) It’s just impossible getting across the road here. We need a subway. _________
9) Do you think you could go a little more slowly, I’m a bit nervous. _________
10) This train is late every morning. It has been for years. _________

Exercise 5 Choose the correct answer.

1. You need a passport to cross the __________ between Uzbekistan and the United
States.
A) edge B) line C) border D) rim
2. The hotel where we are __________ is quite luxurious.
A) living B) remaining C) existing D) staying
3. When you __________ your destination, your tour guide will meet you at the airport.
A) arrive B) get C) reach D) achieve
4. It can be quite busy here during the tourist __________.
A) season B) phase C) period D) stage
5. Dawran __________ me to the train station every morning.
A) goes B) has C) takes D) makes
6. I always enjoy our school __________ to Khiva.
A) excursion B) trip C) journey D) travel
7. Hurry up, or we’ll __________ the train!
A) avoid B) drop C) miss D) lose
8. The brochure says that the hotel has a great__________ of the sea.
A) appearance B) sight C) look D) view
9. I must remember to __________ a souvenir back from Spain for my grandmother.
A) go B) bring C) take D) keep
65
10. The __________ from London to Berlin is about 818 kilometres.
A) measure B) gap C) length D) distance

Exercise 6 Travelling is one of the favorite activities of most people. Through

travelling you can visit different countries at list once a year. Besides the fun, a
travelling has an important value to add to your life. In the video you are going to watch
the beneficial sides of travelling through the link given below. Discuss in groups and
give responses to the following questions: Why do people need to travel? What are
some benefits of travel? https://youtu.be/MyqhDKNig88

66
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Complete the expressions using the words from the box.

making talking coming trying listening

getting on asking taking shooting thinking

1) He is _________ to concentrate.
2) Are you _________off now, or can we talk?
3) Go on, I’m __________.
4) I think we’re __________ at cross purposes.
5) You’re __________ for trouble.
6) It’s __________along nicely.
7) You don’t seem to be __________ much interest.
8) You’re _________ a fuss about nothing.
9) What’s on your mind? What are you ____________ at the moment?
10) You’ve only just started the job, haven’t you? How are you ___________?

Exercise 2 Aziz is on the Internet. He’s telling people about himself. Say which
verbs express states and which express actions.

1. My apartment is in the town centre.

2. I drive a taxi in the daytime.
3. I own two cars.
4. I go to lots of parties.
5. I love football.
6. I surf the Net most evenings.
7. I’m enjoying the game.
8. My car is costing a lot of money.
9. I am being extremely happy, that’s all.
10. I like my job.

Exercise 3 Look at the table of some basic travel vocabulary. Highlight any of
the words that you are not sure about and look them up in your dictionary.
There are some more words below which could have been included in the
table opposite. Where would they fit into the table?

Transport Different Parts of vehicle People working Associated

kinds of with it facilities
vehicle
Road sports car, boot, engine, gears, driver, Petrol station,
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 estate car, bus, steering-wheel, mechanic, garage, service
coach, tram, brakes, tyres chauffeur, bus- station
van, lorry conductor
Rail passenger sleeping-car, ticket collector, waiting-room,
train, freight buffet, restaurant- engine-driver, ticket office,
train, local car, compartment guard, porter signal-box
train, express
Sea yacht, rowing- engine-room, deck, captain, skipper, port, buoy,
boat, fishing- bridge, gangplank, purser, docker, quay, customs
boat, liner, companionway steward(ess) shed, light-
ferry, trawler house, docks
Air aeroplane, jet, cockpit, nose, tail, pilot, ground duty-free shop,
helicopter, wings, fuselage, staff, steward, departure
supersonic joystick air traffic lounge, hangar,
aircraft controller runway

bonnet balloon deck-chair guard's van

mast petrol pump bus driver anchor
glider oar rudder left luggage lockers
check-in desk control tower canoe dual carriageway

Exercise 4 Complete the words or phrases below using words from the box.

off control free card baggage

in lounge luggage reclaim locker

1. boarding _________ 6. duty _________

2. baggage _________ 7. overhead _________
3. excess _________ 8. take- _________
4. passport _________ 9. departure _________
5. hand _________ 10. check _________

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the correct answer.

1. I never ……….. a face but I’ve got no idea what her name is.
A) forgetting B) forgets C) forget D) forgot
2. I don’t want to have a fight about it. Just forget it! It ………..
A) isn’t matter B) isn’t mattering C) doesn’t matter D) doesn’t mattering
3. Why are you crying at that photo, mum? Are you ……….. that perfect day at the
beach all those years ago?
A) remember B) remembering C) remembers D) remembered
4. They’re ……….. a party. I want to go but I ……….. nothing to wear.
A) have/have B) having/having C) have/having D) having/have
68
5. Commentator: She’s running incredibly well. She must be ……….. the pain but she’s
so close to the finishing line, she can ……….. victory.
A) feeling/tasting B) feeling/taste C) feel/taste D) feel/tasting
6. They’re really rich. They ……….. 2 houses and 5 cars but they always……….. so
unhappy! I ……….. it’s true that money can’t buy happiness.
A) own/seem/suppose B) owning/seeming/suppose
C) own/seem/supposing D) owning/seem/suppose
7. At the airport I …………. the man I had to pick up from the photo the company had
given me.
A) was recognizing B) am recognizing C) recognized D) will recognize
8. He ………….. a raise because he is such a good employee.
A) has been deserving B) is deserving C) deserves D) will deserve
9. I …………. what you mean. And I agree with you.
A) was seeing B) am seeing C) see D) will see
10. Every morning when I wake up I ………… wonderful cooking smells from the
hotel kitchen.
A) had smelt B) am smelling C) can smell D) would better smell.

69
UNIT 8 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Grammar: Past Perfect tense

Forming the past perfect

Examples: to decide
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had decided I hadn't decided Had I decided?

You had decided You hadn't decided Had you decided?

She had decided She hadn't decided Had she decided?

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 Affirmative Negative Interrogative

We had decided We hadn't decided Had we decided?

They had decided They hadn't decided Had they decided?

(See Appendix VIII)

Exercise 1 Use the words in parentheses to complete the sentences. Use the
past perfect tense. Add “not” where necessary.

1. Ikram ______ (be) a rock climber before the age of twelve.

2. Dastan ______ (climb) free solo until he moved to California.
3. By 1989, he ______ (become) bored with climbing.
4. In 1989, Damir ______ (appear) in the Masters of Stone videos yet.
5. Anvar hunter didn’t start his book about Dastan until he ______ (meet) him.
6. When Dastan died, Anvar hunter ______ (finish) the book yet.
7. Before his death, Damir ______ (already / travel) around the world.
8. My father ______ (complete) a jump of almost 1000 feet not long before his fatal
jump.
9. Alima was excited because she ______ (go) mountain biking alone before.
10. We didn’t recognize her because she _______ (change) her hairstyle and dressing
style.

Exercise 2 Read the short extract from the article about Alex Honnold. Then
open the brackets and fill in the gaps with the words in the past perfect
tense.
Daring. Defiant. Free.
Honnold couldn’t use a rope or anything else to help him stick to the slippery stone. The
few people who 1) ________ (climb) Half Dome before 2) _______ (use) ropes, and it
3) _______ (take) them more than a day to do the climb. On a bright September
morning, Honnold was clinging to the face of Half Dome, less than 100 feet (30 meters)
from the top. He 4) _______ (climb) forty-five minutes before he stopped suddenly.
Something potentially disastrous 5) ________ (occur) he 6) _______ (lose) some of his
confidence. He 7) _______ (not feel) that way two days before when he’d been racing
up the same rock with a rope. That climb 8) _______ (go) well. Today though, Honnold
hesitated. He knew that even the slightest doubt could cause a deadly fall, thousands of
feet to the valley floor below. He knew he had to get moving, so he 9) _______ (chalk)
his hands, before started climbing again. Within minutes, he was at the top. Bloggers
spread the news of Honnold’s two-hour-and-fifty-minute free solo, and climbers were
amazed. On this warm fall day, 23-year-old Alex Honnold 10) ____ just _____ (set) a
new record in one of climbing’s biggest challenges.

71
Exercise 3 Choose the correct verb from the list below to complete the
following sentences. Put the verb in the past perfect tense (had & past
participle).

make start write leave forget fly escape ring eat change

1. When I got to the museum, Madina wasn’t there. She _______ already _______.
2. I didn’t recognize my old classmate because she _______ so much.
3. We were late for the show last night. By the time we got to the theater, the movie
_______ already ________.
4. Yesterday evening I went on my first plane trip. I was very nervous because I
_______ never _______ before.
5. I couldn’t eat much supper last night because I _________ such a big meal.
6. I couldn’t get into my apartment when I came home from work last night because I
_________ to take my key.
7. Last week our teacher gave back the essays we ________ the week before.
8. By the time the police arrived at the bank, the robber _______ already ________.
9. The boys got to school late yesterday. The bell ________ already ________.
10. Shahnoza couldn’t come to my house last night because she _______ already
_______ other plans.

Exercise 4 Combine the following sentences by using “after / before”.

1. My sister took her umbrella. She went out for work.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Farruh called me. I went to the institute.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I washed all the dishes. I watched TV.
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Raya washed her hands. She had lunch.
………………………………………………………………………………….……
5. The boys bought a ball. They played football.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…
6. My mother made a cake. The guests came.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…
7. Amir put sugar in his tea. He drank it.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…
8. I got up. I had breakfast.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…
9. The pupils ran away. They broke the window.
…………………………………………………………………………………….....
10. I fastened my seat belt. The plane took off.
……………………………………………………………………………………….

72
Exercise 5 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence below.

1) According to Grandma, people used to dress formally those days/in his day.
2) It was more than a month before/until I realized what had happened.
3) I managed to talk to Feruza just as/while she was leaving.
4) It wasn’t until/up to1983 that Nadir could afford to take holidays abroad.
5) Gafur always lets me know by the time/whenever he was going to be late.
6) I was having a bath at the time/that time, so I didn’t hear the door bell.
7) We bought our tickets and five minutes after/later the train arrived.
8) Once/Afterwards I’d read the manual, I found I could use the computer easily.
9) Everyone was talking but stopped at that time/the moment Mr Sabirov arrived.
10) The letter still hadn’t arrived by/until the end of the week.

73
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary in contrast

take / pass prefect / pupil / student lesson / subject
read / study qualifications / qualities achieve / reach
test / exam count / measure task / effort
primary / secondary / high degree / certificate / know / recognize
results
colleague / classmate Speak / talk teach / learn

Word formation
academy academic, improve improvement, improved scholar scholarship,
academically intense intensity, intensify, scholarly, scholastic
attend attention, intensely study student, studies,
(in)attentive(ly), literate illiterate, (il)literacy, studious
attendance, attendant literature teach teacher, taught
behave, behavior reason think thought,
certify certificate, (un)reasonable,(un)reasonably, (un)thinkable, thoughtful,
certified reasoning thoughtless
educate, education, revise revision, revised understand
educator, solve solution, (un)solvable (mis)understanding,
educational(ly) understandable

Exercise 1 Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.

74
 achieve degree certificate results reach teach learn
high primary secondary

1. When he finally graduated, Shalkar felt he had ……. everything he set out to do.
2. The work we’re doing now will make more sense when you ……. the fifth.
3. Who ……. you how to play the drums like that?
4. I would love to ……. a new language I don’t know anything about, like Spain.
5. Children in Karakalpakstan go to ……. school from the age of six.
6. In Britain, grammar schools, public schools and comprehensives are often referred to
as ……. schools.
7. Americans usually refer to their secondary school as a ……. School, and there are
often separate junior and senior schools.
8. The exam ……. come out today and I’m really nervous. I hope I’ve passed.
9. I was so proud when my exam ……. finally arrived in the post.
10. I would prefer to go to university and do a ……. in astronomy, rather than start
work.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct word.

1. Our teacher asked us to choose one of our colleagues/classmates to be our partner for
the next exercise.
2. I made a few mistakes in the exam and I don’t think I passed/took it.
3. It’s not always easy to count/measure how intelligent someone is.
4. Did you know that our French teacher can speak/talk gour languages?
5. My qualifications/qualities include a degree and an MA in chemistry.
6. Our head teacher had had her hair cut and I didn’t know/recognise her at first.
7. In design and technology, we were given the effort/task of designing a stadium.
8. You’ll find plenty of books on the subject/lesson of business studies in the library.
9. You have to read/study hard in order to do well at university.
10. Look at what we did in today’s lesson and we’ll have a quick exam/test tomorrow
morning.

Exercise 3 Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a
common collocation.

1) In my country we have to do nine basic/core subjects and then we can choose several
others.
2) At this school we put a strong emphasis on academic/scholarly achievement.
3) In my country bodily/corporal punishment was abolished 40 years ago.
4) In my class we had a helper/support teacher who assisted pupils with learning
difficulties.
5) On Sunday afternoons we had lessons with the trainee/apprentice teacher.
6) In my country we have some end of year tests but most of our marks come from
progressive/continuous assessment.
75
7) At 16 we have the choice of doing more vocation/employment oriented courses, such
as business studies and accounting.
8) When I was15, I had a 2-week work position/placement with a local factory.
9) There were a number of teenage/child masters in my class.
10) I was expelled from school for playing/going truant too many times.

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in

brackets when this is necessary.

1. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the ……. (scholar) ?
2. Do you think that you pay enough ……. (attend) in class?
3. Could you tell me what the ……. (solve) to number seven is?
4. My dad said I’d better spend more time on my ……. (study).
5. I would like to know what qualification ……. (teach) require in your country.
6. Joshua was suspended from school for a week for bad ……. (behave).
7. I did six hours of ……. (revise) for the test, and still failed!
8. Please send photocopies of all your ……. (certify) to us at the address below.
9. I suddenly ……. (realize) that I had left my homework at home.
10. I was ……. (success) in the essay competition at the Institution.

Exercise 5 Complete the text by changing the form of the word in brackets.

Being unable to read

It seems 1) ……. (think) today not to provide children with a decent 2) …….(educate).
There is such an emphasis on 3) ……. (academy) achievement these days that it’s easy
to forget what a problem 4) ……. (literate) used to be. Being unable to read can be 5)
……. (intense) embarrassing and can make someone feel like a complete 6) …….
(fail). Someone who can’t read is often 7) ……. (understand) afraid of certain
situations. The problem can seem 8) ……. (solve). However, given the right teacher, a
lot of hard work and a 9) ……. (reason) amount of time, anyone can learn. Being able
to read can lead to an 10) ……. (improve) quality of life.

Exercise 6 In the video through the link given below, you will watch about how
Vietnam invested heavily in education, allowing young people to fulfill their dreams of
starting their own business. Here how Ngyuen Thu Ha thinks her studies will enable her
to be a successful business owner. Discuss in groups and give responses to the
following question: Why education plays an important role in business?
https://youtu.be/hu0P8Hye9Ts

76
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Supply a suitable simple past or past perfect tense.

1. I …………… (go) to the theatre with my close friends yesterday. I ……………

(not/go) to the theatre for a year. We ………….. (have) a very good time there.
2. Murat ………….. (already/learn) English before he ……………. (leave) for
London, but before he arrived in London, he …………… (forget) some.
3. My brother ……………. (eat) all the pie before we got back home.
4. My father ……………. (water) the flowers in the garden after he …………….
(clean) the car. After he …………….. (water) the flowers, he ………….. (have)
dinner.
5. Rano said that she ……………. (already / see) the historical place Shilpik in
Karakalpakstan.
6. The fire ………….. (spread) to the next building before the firemen …………..
(arrive).
7. They drank small cups of coke, after they ………………. (finish) supper.
8. Bahadir told me he ……………….. (catch) a young snake.
9. His mother ……………. (worry) a lot about him before she …………… (hear) that
he was safe.
10. Madina ………….. (go) swimming after she ………… (come) home. After she
………… (swim), she ………… (call) her friend Gulimxan.

Exercise 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

1) When you passed the town hall clock, did you notice/were you noticing what time it
was?
2) Last night my neighbours were shouting/would shout for hours and I couldn’t get to
sleep.
3) When you lived in London, did you use to travel/were you travelling by bus?
4) Everyone was having a good time, although not many people danced/were dancing.
5) Salima was really hungry because she didn’t eat/hadn’t eaten all day.
6) Before we went to the theatre, we called in/had called in at Alim’s café for a pizza.
7) It took a while for me to notice, but then I did. Everyone stared/was staring at me.
What had I done wrong?
8) Nobody bothered to tell me that the school decided/had decided to have a special
holiday on Sunday.
9) I was trying/tried to get in touch with you all day yesterday. Where were you?
10) A: Excuse me Sir, but this seat is mine. B: I’m sorry, I didn’t realise/hadn’t
realized that you were sitting here.

Exercise 3 Each of the words in bold is incorrect. Rewrite them correctly.

77
1. I’ve always admired our music teacher from being so patient. …….
2. My new school is quite similar with my old one. …….
3. Mr. Amanlik congratulated me for passing the exam. …….
4. I’d better go home and study on tomorrow’s test. …….
5. Islambek is capable for doing very well this year if he works hard. …….
6. This course is suitable to students who are considering a career in the media. …….
7. If you don’t get into university, you’ll have to settle with art college. …….
8. After six attempts, Bibinaz finally succeeded with passing her driving test. …….
9. In English yesterday, we had a discussion from different cultures. …….
10. At my opinion, maths shouldn’t be a compulsory subject. …….

Exercise 4 Read these sentences spoken by Institution students. What is each

person studying?

1. You must know this case — it’s one of the most famous in legal history.
2. I’m concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier and Frank
Lloyd Wright.
3. The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty years ago.
4. We’re going to concentrate on Sigmund Freud and Jung this term.
5. I’ve been reading some books on time management.
6. Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the Impressionists.
7. We’ve spent a lot of time on Russian foreign policy and how it has been affected by
various domestic problems.
8. We have to know every bone in a person’s body.
9. The study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get new information.
10. In order to communicate with people from other parts of the world, you need to study
foreign languages.

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the one correct answer.

1. As soon as he _____ his driving test, he _____ a car.

A) passed / bought B) had passed / bought
C) passes / had bought D) passed / had bought
2. When I _____ the letter, I _____ it away.
A) read / had thrown B) had read / had thrown C) had read / threw D) read / threw
3. “You look brown. Have you ____ on holiday?” “Yes, we’ve _____ got back.”
A) been / now B) gone / just C) been / just D) did / already
4. I live in a house now, but before I _____ in a flat.
A) am using to live B) used to live C) had used to live D) have used to live
5. I _____ the book back to the library after I _____ reading it.
A) take / finished B) have taken / have finished
C) took / had finished D) had taken / finished
6. _____ I had had a bath I went to bed.
A) Before B) Soon as C) After D) Until

78
7. I had read the book _____ I saw the film.
A) when B) before C) until D) after
8. I ____ to sleep until I _____ my homework.
A) don’t go / did B) had not gone / had done C) didn’t go / did D) didn’t go / had done
9. I _____ her for everything she _____.
A) thanking / did B) thanked / had done
C) have thanked / has done D) had thanked / had done
10. When I got to the office, I _____ that I _____ to lock the front door.
A) had realized / forget B) realized / had forgotten
C) realized / forget D) had realized / had forgotten

79
UNIT 9 THE GAME OF FOOTBALL
Grammar: Past Perfect Continuous tense

Forming the past perfect continuous

For example: to buy
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had been buying I hadn't been buying Had I been buying?

You had been buying You hadn't been buying Had you been buying?

She had been buying She hadn't been buying Had she been buying?

We had been buying We hadn't been buying Had we been buying?

They had been buying They hadn't been buying Had they been buying?
(See Appendix IX)

Exercise 1 Use the information provided below to make sentences with past
perfect progressive tense and “ever since”.

plan - burn - fight - lose - rain - smoke - give - date -

work - look forward to

80
1. When the boys came home, both had black eyes. They __________.
2. Malika was very disappointed when we had to cancel our lunch date. She ________ it
for a long time.
3. When I woke up this morning, the sun was shining, but the ground was all wet. It
_________ during the night.
4. The firemen finally put out the fire. It _______ for several hours before they arrived.
5. When I went to Gulzira’s house yesterday, her hands were covered in mud. She
_________ in the garden for a few hours before I got there.
6. Muhammed bought a new computer last week because his old one ________ him
trouble for quite some time.
7. Mr. Sharapat finally had to close his business. It _______ money for several years.
8. Bayram ________ Ayzada for over two years before she finally broke up with him.
9. It is too bad that Kamila had to cancel her trip last week. She ________it for such a
long time.
10. When I went home last night, I could smell cigarettes in the house. Somebody
_________ before I got home.

Exercise 2 Read this copy of the original story. Fill in the blanks with the past
perfect continuous form of each verb in parentheses.

Who are they? What had they been doing? Where had they been going?

Donald and Elizabeth 1) ____________________ (go) to church before they stopped.

They 2) ____________________ (drive) down a dirt road when they heard a strange
noise. Donald stopped the car. He got out of the car. Then, he helped Elizabeth out of
the car. Elizabeth sat and waited for Donald. Donald looked at the car. It 3)
____________________ (go) for an hour or so. He knew how to fix cars. He 4)
____________________ (work) as a mechanic for 5 years before he moved to the
country. Donald got his tools. He looked under the hood. It seemed that the engine 5)
____________________ (heat) up. He crawled under the car. Donald 6)
____________________ (work) on the car for a while when Jake parked beside him.
Jake 7) ____________________ (drive) home when he saw Donald and Elizabeth on
the side of the road. Jake 8) _________________ (help) Donald fix the car. Donald 9)
__________________ (thank) Jake for his help before he got prepared. Elizabeth 10)
_______________ (wave) to Jake before they drove away. Thanks to Jake’s help, they
arrived at church on time.

Exercise 3 Use the words provided to write sentences with the past perfect
continuous tense and the word “because”.

1. Rasul was digging in the garden all afternoon. Rasul took a nap before dinner.
_______________________________________________________________
2. My old car gave me a lot of trouble for a long time. I bought a new car.
_______________________________________________________________

81
3. Behruz drank a lot of beer last Saturday night. Behruz had a bad headache last
Sunday.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Kamila studied very hard all month for her history test. She did very well on the test.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Anargul practiced the poem for weeks. Anargul could recite the poem by heart.
_______________________________________________________________
6. Fatima waited for me for over an hour. Fatima was angry at me when I arrived.
_______________________________________________________________
7. Makset worked on his car all afternoon. Makset’s hands were covered in grease.
________________________________________________________________
8. The team practiced every day for weeks. The team won the championship game.
________________________________________________________________
9. Farida succeeded in her job. Farida worked hard on herself without having a rest.
________________________________________________________________
10. Xalima did not wash her hands before dinner. Xalima had a stomach ache in the
evening.
_________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4 Fill in the following sentences by using past perfect continuous

tense.

1. We ________ (play) football with our group mates for half an hour when it started to
rain.
2. I ________ (study) English for a short time when the electricity went off.
3. She ________ (do) her homework before you came in the room.
4. The baby’s knees and hands were very dirty. He ________ (crawl) in the garden.
5. I ________ (drive) the car for seven years when I sold it.
6. We were very exhausted. We ________ (travel) for about seventeen hours.
7. They were out of breath. They ________ (run) for a long time.
8. Rashid ________ (live) in California for ten years when he had an accident.
9. Nurlan was tired because he ________ (write) letters all morning.
10. Raxim ________ (repair) the radio for an hour when you arrived.

Exercise 5 Fill in the following sentences by using past perfect continuous tense.

1. I was exhausted because I ……………… (type) for a long time.

2. Nurlibek’s boss was very angry with her because she ……………… (come) to work
very late.
3. I didn’t know about the earthquake because I ……………… (not/watch) the news
on television.
4. She was too overweight because she ……………… (not/keep) her doctor’s advice.
5. My father took my car to the garage because the brakes ……………… (not/work).
6. Aziza had to go to the dentist because she ……………… (not/clean) her teeth.

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7. Hasan got bad marks because he ……………… (not/study) hard.
8. Alima wasn’t at home. She ……………… (go) out with her boyfriend.
9. I thought I ……………… (behave) like an idiot.
10. Gayrat ……………… (study) English) very hard for the last few days.

83
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
championship a competition to find the win to defeat everyone else
best player or team in a by being the best or by
sport or game finishing first in a
competition
cup a sports competition in crowd a large number of people
which the prize is a large in the same place
metal cup
fan someone who likes score to get a point in a game
watching or listening to or sport
something such as a
sport, films, or music
very much, or
who admires a famous or
important person very
much
stadium a large building, usually shot an act of throwing,
without a roof, where hitting, or kicking a ball,
people watch sports or a ball that has been
events such as football thrown, hit, or kicked
matches or races
successful used about a business or expert someone who has a
84
 project that makes a lot particular skill or who
of money knows a lot about a
particular subject

Exercise 1 Match the words (1-10) with the definitions (A-J).

1. rival A. game
B. an accident that happens when a moving vehicle hits
2. found
something
3. manager C. the years of a person’s life when they are working
4. injured D. a person, team or business that competes with another
5. match E. hurt in an accident or an attack
6. qualify F. to start an organization, company, club, etc
7. crash G. coach; someone who trains a sports team
H. to get better or stronger after a difficult period or
8. forward
experience
I. a player in a game such a football or hockey whose job is
9. recover
to attack the other team and score goals
J. to reach a particular stage of a competition by doing well at
10. career
an earlier stage

Exercise 2 Read the text. Then complete the sentences with the right word in
the box.

October 26th, The Football Association, kick ball, The Greeks, The English, tsu
chu, animal skin, about 500 AD, ceremony

The game of football was invented by 1) _______. Or was it? Certainly today’s
game follows the rules which were written by a schoolmaster nearly 150 years ago. On
2) _______, 1863, a group of London clubs agreed to follow them. This group called
themselves 3)_______. So, the rules of today’s game were started by the English, but
what about the origins of the game itself? The earliest form of the game was played in
China in 200 BC. The Chinese called the game 4) _______, which means 5) _______.
The ball, which was made of 6) _______, was kicked between two 10-metre bamboo
poles to score a goal. About two hundred years later, in 4 BC, 7) _______enjoyed
playing a game which they called pheninda. In this game, players could kick, run with
and handle the ball.
Soon afterwards came the Romans. Their game was called hapastum. The object
of the game was for teams to kick and 8) _______ throw the ball to each other while
moving forward and eventually throw it beyond the opponents’ goal-line to score a
goal. In 9)_______, Japanese Imperial society played kemari, which means kick ball.
Eight players kicked the ball to each other on a square playing ground. There were no

85
goalposts or teams (so no winners and losers) because this was a 10) _______ for the
emperor rather than a competition.

Exercise 3 Match the words in the table with their definitions below.

a. foul c. goalkeeper e. pitch g. save i. tackle

b. free kick d. handball f. referee h. score j. throw-in

1. An attempt to take the ball from a player in the other team

2. An opportunity to kick the ball without opposition from the other team
3. Get a goal
4. Something against the rules
5. Stop the ball from going into the goal
6. The act of throwing the ball from the sideline after the ball has gone out of play
7. The area of grass where the game is played
8. The person who is in charge of the game and who makes sure that the rules are
followed
9. The player who stands in the team's goal to try to stop the other team from scoring
10. When a player intentionally touches the ball with their hand or arm.

Exercise 4 Read the text carefully. Then complete the sentences below the
text with the right word.
Manchester United
Many English football teams have the word United in their name, but by far the
most famous is from the northern city of Manchester and plays in red shirts and white
shorts. When football fans refer to Manchester United just as ‘United’, as they often do,
other fans always know who they mean. It’s possible that United have more fans than
any other football team in the world. Their stadium, Old Trafford, holds around 75,000
people and is full for almost every match. It’s also true that tens of millions of people
around the world watch their matches on TV, and that when they play friendlies
thousands of miles away in Asia or Africa (as they have done in recent years in July or
August, before the English football season starts) the crowds are always very big. The
club was founded back in 1878 and has had a successful history. It has won the English
championship eighteen times (the same number as Liverpool, their biggest rivals) and
the European Champions’ League (previously the European Cup) three times.
A well-known tragedy in United’s history was when many of their best players
died in a plane crash in Munich, Germany, in 1958. It seemed the club might not
recover, but ten years later, in 1968, they became the first English team to win the
European Cup. United’s best player at the moment is perhaps the 24-year-old English
forward Wayne Rooney. He is so good that some fans think England have a chance of
winning if he plays, but no chance if he gets injured.

86
1. ___________ crowds have watched Manchester United play friendlies in Asia and
Africa.
2. United’s ___________ is called Old Trafford.
3. The 1958 plane crash happened in ___________.
4. Wayne Rooney is a very good ___________.
5. United ___________ the European Cup for the first time in 1968.
6. Eric Cantona and David Beckham ___________ for United in the 1990s.
7. ___________ have won the English championship eighteen times.
8. United was ___________ in the nineteenth century.
9. Many ___________ of people watch United’s matches on TV.
10. Old Trafford can ___________ very large crowds.

Exercise 5 Read the Rules of Football carefully. Then translate it into your
mother tongue.

1. Two teams of 11 players play on a pitch. Each team tries to score more goals than the
other.
2. A game lasts 90 minutes, divided into two 45-minute halves.
3. Players can use any part of their body except their arms and hands to move the ball.
The exception is when a player takes a throw-in.
4. Goalkeepers can use their hands, especially when making a save.
5. If a player commits a foul, then a free kick is awarded to the other team.
6. If there is a foul inside the penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded to the other team.
7. If there is a more serious foul such as a bad tackle or handball, the referee can show a
yellow or red card.
8. Two yellow cards or one red card mean a player is expelled from the game.
9. If teams have the same score (a draw) then extra time and penalty shootouts are used
to decide the winner.
10. In Olympic football male players must be under 23 years old, though they can have
three older players in each team. There are no age restrictions for female players.

Exercise 6 In the video through the link given below, you will watch 10 rare football
rules existed, these are some of the most rare rules in football most people don’t know
about, also you will learn new rules you probably have never heard of before, even
though they do exist. Discuss the rules and laws of the game in groups.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSGneV1pjXU

87
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the
past perfect continuous. Then compare your answers with a partner.

1. By the time Sabina was 19, she ______ (hike) for several years.
2. Two Karakalpak hikers ______ (follow) a difficult trail when they lost their way.
3. The Danish hikers ______ (prepare) dinner when a bear approached their campsite.
4. Two young hikers were getting ready to go home. They ______ (not camp) for very
long when they lost interest.
5. The rescue workers ______ (stay) at the park office before they moved into a house
nearby the park.
6. Yesterday, Azamat rescued a hiker who ______ (wait) for help for over 12 hours.
7. Some hikers were worried. They ______ (head) back to the camp when they heard
thunder, and they had to look for shelter.
8. They ______ (not think) about the weather until the sky turned very dark.
9. Marina ______ (ride) for several hours when she got a flat tire.
10. She ______ (sleep) for long before she felt ready to get up and finish her ride.

Exercise 2 Combine the following sentences by using “After/Before”.

1. My sister took her umbrella. She went out to the stadium.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Mamanbiy called me. I went to the train station.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I washed the dishes. I prepared materials for my presentation.
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She had a hot shower earlier. She had lunch.
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The boys bought a bouquet of flowers. They congratulated their teacher.
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. My mother made our traditional dish. The guests came.
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Aydarbek watered the ground behind the house. He polished the doors.
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I got dressed in black. I went to have a walk around the town to see the ceremony.
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The children ran away. They broke the window of the old building.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
10. He fastened his seat belt. The plane took off.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

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Exercise 3 Read the short text carefully. Then translate it into your mother
tongue.
In England, although the game was played as far back as the 12th century, it was
a mob sport and people were often injured or killed. For hundreds of years, kings and
queens tried to ban the game, without success. In the 19th century, public schools like
Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Uppingham adopted ball games to encourage team spirit and
discipline. The game developed by Rugby school is now named after the school
(rugby), but it was the headmaster of Uppingham School, called Edward Thring, who
wrote down the first set of football rules. These rules lead to the foundation of The
Football Association and today’s game is based on them.

Exercise 4 Remember the history of the game of Football. Then answer the
question in the following.

1. Who was the game of football invented by?

2. When did a group of London clubs agree to follow them (the schoolmaster’s rules)?
3. What did the group call themselves?
4. What did the Chinese call the game?
5. What does tsu cha mean?
6. What was the ball made of?
7. Who enjoyed playing a game which they called pheninda?
8. What was the Roman game called?
9. When did Japanese Imperial society play kemari?
10. What does kemari mean?

Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the one correct answer.

1. I ___ to see Lena at the disco but she didn’t turn up.
A) had been expecting B) been expected C) had expected D) expected
2. They ___ the same restaurant for years before they found a better one.
A) had visited B) had been visiting C) had been visit D) will visit
3. Sam ___ to go to the wedding but he couldn’t take a day off work.
A) had want B) had been wanting C) had wanted D) wanted
4. Jack said he ___ tickets for the concert.
A) had booked B) had been booked C) had been booking D) to book
5. Mike said they ___ at the airport for two days because of the delay of their flight.
A) had staying B) had been staying C) had stayed D) stay
6. Andrew said he___ to China before.
A) hadn’t never been B) had never being C) had never been D) ever eaten
7. We ___ for half an hour when Dan finally joined us.
A) had eaten B) had been eating C) had eating D) eating
8. Mary insisted that she ___ the ring from the drawer.
A) not had been taking B) hadn’t taken C) hadn’t been taking D) taking
9. I ___ the golf club before Martin did it.
89
A) had joined B) had been joining C) had been join D) to join
10. We were very tired at the end of the trip. We ___ for ten hours.
A) had driven B) had drove C) had been driving D) will drive

90
UNIT 10 SWIMMING
Grammar: Future tenses: Time clauses

Future time expressions

tonight the week after next

this weekend the day after tomorrow
a week from Saturday next spring
tomorrow morning next year
next weekend when
two weeks from today before
tomorrow evening after
next Sunday as soon as
at night until
91
(See Appendix X)

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets. (Pay attention: when, before, after, as soon as, until).

1) When the rector __________ (arrive), they __________ (start) the meeting.
2) If he ________ (reach) the sales target this year, the company _________
(award) him.
3) We _________ (discuss) the plans after he ________ (give) the presentation.
4) After she _________ (find) a good job, she__________ (be able to) buy a
house.
5) I _________ (have to) finish the reports before the manager __________ (call).
6) We _________ (order) 100 units after the manager _________ (approve) the
estimate.
7) I _________ (not/ buy) anything new until I __________ (pay) all my debts.
8) I _________ (buy) a new TV set if the prices _________ (go) down.
9) Before you __________ (accept) the job offer, you _______ (need) to be
confident that the company is a good place for you to work.
10) Any rebates _________ (subtract) after you _________ (negotiate) the price.

Exercise 2 Read and rewrite the story using contractions.

Who is she? What will she do? What is going to happen?

This weekend, Elmira 1) __________ compete in a swimming competition.
She 2) ________ practice hard all week because she wants to win the competition.
The winner 3) _________ receive $2,000. Elmira hopes she 4) ________ get first
place! Elmira’s husband 5) _________ travel to the competition with Elmira. He 6)
_______ watch her compete. He 7) ________ sit in the stands and cheer for
Elmira. He 8) _______ be proud of Elmira even if she doesn’t win first place.
Elmira’s parents aren’t 8) ______ travel to the competition. They 9) _______
watch the competition on television. They 10) _______ cheer for Elmira at home.
They’re going to be proud of Elmira whether she wins or loses.

Exercise 3 Underline the correct option(s). There may be more than one
correct option. Click on the appropriate options to underline them.

1. Whenever she has /’ll have the chance she likes to visit the gym.
2. When you go to the shops this afternoon, will/could /do you get some potatoes?
3. While you’re doing /’ll do /do the pasta, I’ll prepare the salad.
4. You’d better get dressed before your grandma will arrive/arrives/has arrived.
5. After I’ve finished/finish/’ll finish this, I’ll give you a hand with the
housework.
6. We won’t be able to do anything until Dad will come /comes back from work.
7. You can go out as soon as you have done/’ll do your homework.

92
8. We take/’ll take/’re taking some of these biscuits in case we get hungry on the
way.
9. Unless she gets /’s getting /’ll get here soon, we’ll have to leave without her.
10. As long as you’ll pass/pass/’ve passed all your exams, we’ll give you a new
computer.

Exercise 4 Rewrite each sentence or question with going to.

1. Dawran plans to buy a new computer next year for his study.
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We don’t plan to go to the mountains this weekend together.
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Does Nursultan plan to join the sports club of the University?
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What are your plans for next year?
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Look! That boy is about to fall over from the tree!
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Do you plan to work hard this year on your English?
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I don’t intend to get a new house with a big garden.
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The forecast for tomorrow is rain and mist.
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Do Eldarbek and Polatbek plan to prepare activities for the party?
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I think it’s about to rain and thunderstorm outside.
………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 5 Make sentences with going to using the words below in the
box.

* make a cake * miss the train * make some tea *

* change it * crash * play in the snow*
* shout at us * take some photos * fall off * sell his house

1. Gulparshin can’t stop the car!

She is ……………………………………………………………………….
2. The Permanovs are late.
They ………………………………………………………………………..
3. The headmaster of the company looks furious!
He …………………………………………………………………………..
4. Nadirbek has got his camera.
He …………………………………………………………………………..
93
5. Amanbek’s putting up a “On sale” sign.
He …………………………………………………………………………..
6. The bus has got a flat tyre.
He …………………………………………………………………………..
7. My grandma’s looking at her recipe.
She ………………………………………………………………………….
8. Look! The ladder is broken and lies on the ground.
Oh no, he ……………………………………………………………………
9. The girls are putting their hats and gloves on as it’s freezing outside.
They …………………………………………………………………………
10. Kamila’s putting the kettle on.
She …………………………………………………………………………..

94
Vocabulary

Topic vocabulary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
Best Time A best time is achieved when Meet A competition between
a swimmer exceeds their own two (dual meet) or more
previous "best time" in teams with individual
an event - it shows that a swimmers, relays, place
swimmer has improved over ribbons and team scores.
their own time, regardless of
how other
swimmers finish
Bubble A large tent erected over an Streamline
Position a swimmer
outdoor pool during the assumes at the start of a
winter months. lap in which their body
and arms are straight with
the elbows behind the ears
arms squeezing the back
of the head.
Cut A time standard that a Warm-ups Each meet begins by
swimmer must meet or having a warm-up period.
exceed to be included in a This is very important so
specific competition such as that swimmers do not pull
State and Regional meets. muscles and also allows

95
 swimmers to get familiar
with the pool.
Event This is the swimmer who has Relays Relay races are sometimes
Winner the fastest time in the entire offered at the beginning or
event consisting of all the end of a meet. Medley
heats of that event. relays
feature 4 swimmers each
swimming a different
stroke beginning with
back, breast, fly and free.
Free relays feature 4
freestyle swimmers.
Heat When an event has more Starting A raised platform that
swimmers entered than Block swimmers dive from
available lanes, as is usually during competition.
the case, there are multiple
heats of the event.

Exercise 1 Match the words (1-8) with the definitions (A-H).

a. starting block b. medley c. relay d. lane line

e. tumble turn f. touch pad g. lap card h. lane

1. Swimmers use four different strokes in this event.

2. This is a team swimming event.
3. Backstroke and freestyle swimmers use this turn.
4. Swimmers must swim only in this part of the pool.
5. An electronic device which records a swimmer’s time when she touches it.
6. The swimmers dive off these at the start of the race.
7. This card shows the swimmers how many laps they have to swim before they
finish.
8. This floating line divides the lanes in the pool.

Exercise 2 Read the Questions and Answers in A about the Swimming.

Then match the correct answer from the table to the questions below in B
using the words in the box.
A)
-I love swimming. Do you?
-Not really. I can’t swim very well. I don’t like the water.
-The Ancient Greeks would say you need educating. They thought a man who
couldn’t swim was ignorant.
-Well, I can swim a little. I can do the doggy-paddle but that’s not real swimming,
is it?

96
-Actually, the doggy-paddle was probably man’s first stroke. We’ve been
swimming like that since pre-history. Then the doggy-paddle developed into the
breaststroke…
-What about the other strokes?
-Well, some American Indians introduced the crawl to Britain in 1844.
-Did it become popular straightaway?
-No! The Indians splashed so much the British didn’t want to learn the new stroke.
-They thought it wasn’t polite, even though it was much faster than breaststroke.
-Did everyone think so?
-I don't know - but the crawl only became popular in 1902.
-Why was that?
-An Australian called Richard Cavill swam the crawl and set a new world record.
He copied the way the people of the Solomon Islands swam. That’s how modern
freestyle began!
-What about the butterfly stroke? That looks the hardest to me.
Perhaps that’s why the first butterfly event was only in the Melbourne Games in
1956.
-And how many swimming events were there in the first modern Games?
There were only four events in the first Games, but in the next Games there will be
thirty-four!
-That’s amazing! I bet there have been other changes, too.
-Yes, in the first Games only men could compete. And there wasn’t a heated,
indoor pool - the athletes had to swim in the sea!
-Really? Lucky it was a Summer and not a Winter Olympics event!

B)
a. Thirty-four b. No c. Solomon Islanders d. In the sea e. American Indians
f. Breaststroke g. Four h. 1956

1. What stroke developed from the doggy-paddle?

2. Who first introduced the crawl to England?
3. Which people did Richard Cavill copy to develop the crawl?
4. When was the first butterfly event?
5. How many swimming events were there in the first Games?
6. How many swimming events will there be in 2012?
7. Were women allowed to swim in the first Games?
8. Where did the athletes swim in the first Games?

Exercise 3 Choose the correct verb form to fill the gaps.

a. had to swim b. swam c. couldn’t swim d. will be

swimming
e. have been f. can’t swim g. swimming h. can swim
swimming
97
1. I am keen on __________.
2. I __________ very well. I don’t like water!
3. The Greeks thought if you __________ you were ignorant.
4. I __________ a little. I can do the doggy-paddle!
5. We __________ the doggy-paddle since pre-history.
6. Ruslan __________ the crawl and set a new record.
7. In the first Games there wasn’t a pool, the athletes __________ in the sea.
8. Now athletes __________ in the new Aquatic Centre.

Exercise 4 Read the short text and choose the correct answer a, b or c.

Last summer I participated in a sports camp. Imagine my surprise when I

saw it was only 3 km from my grandparents’ house! I used to 1) ________
swimming in the lake there when I was a child. The teachers at the camp divided
us into 5 groups and every day we had competitions. My group was the best!
During the first two weeks we 2) ________ most of the competitions. The final
one was held during the last weekend: we had to find our way through a forest till
we reached the lake. Then we had to sail back to the camp. My team had some bad
luck. We got lost, so my friend, Jake, climbed a tree to see where we were.
Unfortunately, he’s 3) ________ of spiders. So, when a huge spider climbed on his
hand he screamed, jumped back and fell 4) ________ the tree. To make things
worse, he hit one of the branches when he was falling and 5) ________ himself.
We had to help him walk back to the camp.

1. a) do b) make c) go
2. a) brought b) won c) scored
3. a) afraid b) scary c) shame
4. a) out b) of c) off
5. a) injured b) broke c) in danger

Exercise 5 Match the words in the table with their definitions below and
fill the gaps in the sentences where necessary.

a. hold b. kicking c. goalkeeper d. quarter e. free throw

f. goal g. referee h. mallets i. chase j. barrels

1. If athletes get the ball into here they score.

2. This is awarded for ordinary fouls.
3. When an athlete grabs another player to stop him moving.
4. This player tries to stop the ball from going into the goal.
5. A person who is in charge of the game and makes sure everyone follows the
rules.
6. An athlete can be sent out for this.
98
7. One of the four periods of a game.
8. Marco Polo is a game of __________ played by children, in water.
9. Nowadays players hit the ball with their hands, not with __________.
10. In some early versions of the game, players rode on __________.

Exercise 6 In this video, you are going to watch Freestyle swimming: 5 most
common mistakes, and how to fix the most common freestyle mistakes.
Specifically, by doing swimming exercises and drills from the video, you will
master arm stroke and breathing technique really fast. Discuss in pairs and answer
the following question: What do you think is the biggest mistake in swimming?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2h0tFWwqFc

99
UNIT REVIEW
Exercise 1 A Use the words/phrases with going to from the list to
complete the sentences.

* sell her office * be late for the institution * make a cake * fix * lose weight*

1. Nigora’s putting an ad in the daily newspaper.

She is.…………………………………………………………………………
2. The washing machine isn’t properly working.
My brother ……………………………………………………………………
3. I bought some flour, a bottle of milk and some eggs.
I ………………………………………………………………………………
4. Hasan is on a healthy diet from this day.
He ……………………………………………………………………………
5. Paraxat is still in bed.
He ……………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 1 B) Bahadir is not satisfied with his life as it is. He has already
decided to change a number of things. Look at the prompts and say what
he intends to do.

1. move to the city center in Nukus

………………………………………………………………………………………
2. sell his car and farm
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. buy a bigger house with a garden
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. marry Ayzada
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. apply for a job with a law firm
………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2 Write questions and answers as in the example.

Designer Academician Tennis player Famous actor

Salamat *
Nargiza *
Zoya *
Aygul *
You

Example: Farid/singer?
100
Is Farid going to be a singer?
No, he isn’t. He isn’t going to be a singer.
He is going to be a doctor.

1. Salamat and Aygul / designers?

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Zoya / tennis player?
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Nargiza / academician?
……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Aygul / famous actor?
………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. You/ teacher?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3 Read the rules of Swimming carefully. Then translate them

into your first language.

1. The Olympic pool is 50m long and 21m wide. Floating lines, called lane lines,
divide the pool into eight lanes.
2. Each swimmer must stay in his lane.
3. The different ways of swimming are called ‘strokes’.
4. There are four strokes that swimmers can use: crawl or freestyle, breaststroke,
butterfly and backstroke.
5. Races can be:
-Individual but using the same stroke e.g. 50M freestyle or 200M breast stroke
-Relay which means a race between teams of swimmers. Each swimmer swims one
leg (length of the pool) of the event.
-Medley which means swimmers or relay teams swim a combination of
backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle.
-In most races swimmers begin by diving into the water from starting blocks.
6. In the backstroke swimmers begin the race in the water.
7. They swim down their lanes to the end of the pool and touch it. A touch pad
records their time. Then they turn and swim back.
8. Backstroke and freestyle swimmers use tumble turns.
9. Breaststroke and butterfly swimmers use open turns.
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10. In long races a lap card shows the swimmers how many laps remain.

Exercise 4 Read the dialogue carefully. Then decide if the following

sentences about the text are true or false.

-Polo, eh? Played in water? Any connection with Marco Polo?

-You mean Marco Polo, 1254-1324, the famous traveller and merchant? No,
nothing.
-Though there is a game played by children, in water, called Marco Polo.
-I see. Is that a form of polo, then?
-No – just a game of chase.
-So is Water Polo like polo played on land? You know, with horses, helmets,
mallets, and so on?
-Yes, similar. Players do have to try and hit a ball through their opponent's goal.
But they don't use mallets - just their hands. And there are no helmets, just caps.
No horses either, I'm afraid - it would take too long to get them into and out of the
pool!
But originally players in the US rode on floating barrels and used sticks to hit the
ball, so it was called water polo.
-Didn’t they ride on barrels in Europe, then?
-No, there was a different version over here, originally called water rugby.
-When was all this?
-Back in the 1870s. Actually, both versions of the sport were quite violent, with a
lot of fighting and wrestling.
-What happened to that, then?
-The sport got formal rules and became more disciplined - no hitting or rough stuff.
It got more popular after that, particularly the European version.
-And when did they start playing it in the Olympics?
-The first time was at the 1900 Paris games, and then regularly from 1908.
-Do women play, too?
-Yes, but there was no women's Water Polo in the Olympics until 2000.
-Which country is the best at it?
-The Hungarians won medals at every games from 1928 to 1980. They got a ninth
gold in 2008 (making 15 medals in total).
-Why are they so good?
-Mm…you might have to ask a Hungarian about that.

1. There is a version of Water Polo named after Marco Polo.

2. Early American versions of the sport used different equipment from the
European version.
3. Since the 19th century the sport has become increasingly violent.
4. Water Polo has featured in most modern Olympics.
5. Women's Water Polo became an Olympic sport at the start of the 20th century.
6. The US have won more medals than anyone else.
102
Exercise 5 Revision. Choose the one correct answer.

1. This time tomorrow we ___ probably ___ fishing.

A) are/will B) -/shall C) shall/be D) shall/-
2. What ___ you ___ at 6 tomorrow?
A) will/do B) was/doing C) will/be doing D) is/doing
3. I ___ to start a new life tomorrow.
A) to be going B) am going C) shall go D) is going
4. Mark ___ into the army next year.
A) was going B) goes C) will go D) would go
5. They ___ dinner at this time tomorrow.
A) have B) are having C) will have D) will be having
6. I think I ___ a cassette recorder and use it in class.
A) buy B) am buying C) shall buy D) would buy
7. We ___ for Niagara tomorrow.
A) are leaving B) have left C) left D) had to leave
8. I’ll ask him what he ___ for lunch.
A) was having B) are having C) would have D) will have
9. Who ___ for a walk tomorrow?
A) go B) will go C) didn’t go D) doesn’t go
10. They ___ their English exam at this time tomorrow.
A) will take B) will be taking C) would take D) is taking

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APPENDICES
GRAMMAR RULES
APPENDIX I. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular,
true or normal.
We use the present tense:
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
I take the train to the office.
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. For facts.
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A dog has four legs.
We come from Switzerland.
3. For habits.
I get up early every day.
Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
It rains a lot in winter.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.
Short Answers with Do and Does
In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions
as follows:
Short Answer Short Answer
Sample Questions
(Affirmative) (Negative)
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we do. No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

Verb Conjugation and Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
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The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that
verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third
person.
go – goes
catch – catches
wash – washes
kiss – kisses
fix – fixes
buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
marry – marries
study – studies
carry – carries
worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
play – plays
enjoy – enjoys
say – says
Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense
To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all
verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc).
Affirmative:
You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We
use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.
Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.
When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb
to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the
affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative
sentence. We will see the reason why below.
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken
English.
Word Order of Negative Sentences
The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in
the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
You don't speak Arabic.

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John doesn't speak Italian.
We don't have time for a rest.
It doesn't move.
They don't want to go to the party.
She doesn't like fish.
Questions in the Simple Present Tense
To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in
Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put
at the beginning of the question.
Affirmative: You speak English.
Question: Do you speak English?
You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make
it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.
Affirmative: He speaks French.
Question: Does he speak French?
When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the
affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the
affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We
will see the reason why below.
We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal
Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)
Word Order of Questions with Do and Does
The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English
using Do or Does.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it
begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Questions with Do and Does:
Do you need a dictionary?
Does Mary need a dictionary?
Do we have a meeting now?
Does it rain a lot in winter?
Do they want to go to the party?
Does he like pizza?
However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is
used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the
question.

APPENDIX II. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Continuous Tense is used to express an action which is in progress. It

expresses a continued or ongoing action at present time. The action in Present
Continuous Tense takes place at the time of speaking or in current time. Present
Continuous Tense is also called Present progressive tense. For example if a person
says,” I am going to the market”. It means that he is in the process of going to the

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market. This kind of actions happens in the current time and thus expressed by
present continuous tense.

Forming the present continuous

The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of
the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.
(The form of the present participle is: base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving,
smiling)

Note: alternative negative contractions: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not
going.
Functions of the present continuous
As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude is as important as the time of
the action or event. When someone uses the present continuous, they are thinking
about something that is unfinished or incomplete
The present continuous is used:
a) to describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet.
You are studying English grammar.
b) to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend: Are
you still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming
vegetarian.
c) to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or
prepared: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
Are they visiting you next winter?
d) to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's
playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the
moment.
e) with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series
of repeated actions: Harry and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly
complaining about your mother-in-law!
Examples:
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Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am going I am not going Am I going?
You are going You aren't going. Are you going?
He, she, it is going He, she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going?
We are going We aren't going Are we going?
You are going You aren't going Are you going?
They are going They aren't going Are they going?

BE CAREFUL! Some verbs are not usually used in the continuous form.
The verbs in the list below are normally used in the simple form because they refer
to states, rather than actions or processes.
Exceptions
Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can see...
These verbs may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning
This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (She's eating)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)

APPENDIX III. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past tense sometimes is used to talk about a completed action in a
time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The
time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is
not important.
Examples
John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
He lived in Fiji in 1976.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.
You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is
associated with certain past time expressions
a) frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
b) a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night

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c) an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is
placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own
language, but the meaning may be different.
Notes on affirmative, negative, & interrogative forms
Affirmative
The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple.
I was in Japan last year
She had a headache yesterday.
We did our homework last night.
Negative and interrogative
For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "to do" as an ordinary verb,
use the auxiliary "did", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the
auxiliary "did", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".
The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the
auxiliary "did".
Examples:
They weren't in Rio last summer.
We didn't have any money.
We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
We didn't do our exercises this morning.
Were they in Iceland last January?
Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past,
always use the auxiliary 'did''.
Simple past, irregular verbs
Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most common ones.
to go
He went to a club last night.
Did he go to the cinema last night?
He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
We gave her a doll for her birthday.
They didn't give John their new address.
Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
My parents came to visit me last July.
We didn't come because it was raining.
Did he come to your party last week?

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APPENDIX IV. PAST CONTINUOUS

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began
in the past and were still going on when another event occurred.
It is used:
Often, to describe the background in a story written in the past tense, e.g. "The
sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle.
The other animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved
very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the hunter
who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was
running towards the river..."
a) to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action,
I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.
b) to express a change of mind: I was going to spend the day at the beach but I’ve
decided to get my homework done instead.
c) with wonder, to make a very polite request: I was wondering if you could baby-
sit for me tonight.
Examples
They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.
When we arrived he was having a bath.
When the fire started I was watching television.
Note: with verbs not normally used in the continuous form, the simple past is used.

APPENDIX V. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The
time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more
interested in the result than in the action itself.
BE CAREFUL! There may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form,
but the meaning is probably NOT the same.
The Present Perfect is used to describe:
a) An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have
lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
b) An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to
the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
c) A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have
visited Portugal several times.
d) An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have
just finished my work.
e) An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the
result of his reading is important)

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Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the
simple past. Read more about choosing between the present perfect and the
simple past tenses.
Actions started in the past and continuing in the present
They haven't lived here for years.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
We have had the same car for ten years.
Have you played the piano since you were a child?
When the time period referred to has not finished
I have worked hard this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
They have seen that film six times
It has happened several times already.
She has visited them frequently.
We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)
Have you just finished work?
I have just eaten.
We have just seen her.
Has he just left?
When the precise time of the action is not important or not known
Someone has eaten my soup!
Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
Read more about using the present perfect with the words "ever", "never",
"already", and "yet", and about using the present perfect with the words
"for" and "since".
For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs.

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112
APPENDIX VI. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Present perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that started in the past
and continued till present. A time reference is found in these kind of sentences like
“since 2000”, “for 2 hours”. This time reference specifies that the task has been
continued from the past till now. Such time references can be seen in present
perfect continuous tense. For Example if a person says,” I have been waiting here
for three hours”. It means that the person is waiting for last three hours and he is
still waiting. It identifies that he started waiting in the past and still waiting.
The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between
'before now' and 'now'. The speaker is thinking about something that started but
perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in the process as
well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just
finished.
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= and I still
haven't finished it).
They have been travelling since last October (= and they're not home yet).
Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the results
She has been cooking since last night (= and the food on the table looks
delicious).
It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
Someone's been eating my chips (= half of them have gone).
Verbs without continuous forms
With verbs not normally used in the continuous form, use the simple present
perfect instead (verbs such as: know, hate, hear, understand, want).
I've wanted to visit China for years
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
Present Perfect continuous Tense is made up of three main parts auxiliary verb has/
have , auxiliary verb been and 1st form of base verb+ ing.
Present Perfect continuous Tense= Subject +has/have (Helping Verb) + been
(Auxiliary verb) + 1st Verb+ing+Object.
Has –> (He, She, It, any Name, Singular noun)
Have –> (I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)
Examples of Present Perfect continuous Tense with structure

Positive Sentence
In positive sentences, we simply make the sentences according to Present Perfect
continuous Tense rules.
For Example

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He has been walking for two days.
She has been doing this job since 4 o’clock.
I have been playing for three hours.
Steve has been feeling little stressed.
You have been teaching me the lesson since morning.
Negative Sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
When we make negative sentences, we normally use not after auxiliary verbs
has/have.
Negative Simple Present tense = Subject +has/have (Helping Verb) + not+
been (Auxiliary verb) + 1st Verb+ ing+ Object.
For example
I have been not attending his class since Monday.
Leena has not been practicing her dance.
Mark has not been using too much computer lately.
Recently I have not been feeling bored.
Yes/No Questions in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
When you make any question that can be answered as yes or no, then you should
start it with auxiliary verb followed by the subject, been and 1st form+ ing.
Yes/No Sentences = has/have + Subject +been+ 1st Verb+ ing+ Object?
For example
Have you been watching this serial since morning?
Has Leena been washed her clothes for four hours?
Have you been solving all the questions since 3 p.m.?
Has Steve been reading this book for 3 hours?
Wh- Questions in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
When you make any question that starts with wh word, then you should start it
from wh word and then add auxiliary verb, after that subject followed by been and
1st form+ ing..
Wh words are when, why, who, where, whom, how, what, how much, how many.
WH Sentences = Wh word + has/have + Subject + been+1st Verb + Ing +
Object?
For example
Which technology has she been working, recently?
Where have you been visiting since afternoon?
Why has she been sending me these gifts?
What have you been doing with this book?
Tag Questions in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Tag questions are those questions which are answered at the end of the sentence.
They can be simply made by adding auxiliary verbs.
For examples
I have been visiting the market, have you not been?
She has been working, has she not been?

You can also use tag questions in positive sentences

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She has not been reading news paper, has she been?
Those girls has not been playing basketball, have they been?

Rules of Present Perfect tense

Action started in past and still ongoing
Since when and for how long
Recently and lately
Since and for
Action started in past and still ongoing
Any action which was started in the past and still in progress, then for this kind of
sentences we use present perfect continuous tense.
For example
He has been still working.
Why has she been wasting my time?
What have you been thinking about me?

Since when and for how long

When we have “since when” and “for how long” words in the begging of the
sentences then present perfect continuous tense is used.
For example
Since when has she been living in this house?
For how long have you been waiting for her?
Since when have you been staying in hotel room?

Recently and lately

When we have “Recently” and “Lately” words in the sentences then present
perfect continuous tense is used.
For example
Recently, I have been visiting to Canada.
She has been working too much lately.

Since and for

When we have “Since” and “For” words in the sentences then present perfect
continuous tense is used.
For example
It has been raining for five days.
I have been sleeping since 7 O’clock.
Steve has been climbing up this tree for over 3 hours.
More Examples to unfold some other aspects of Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
Why have you not been doing anything for 3 months?
I have not been working with this company since June 2003.
For how long have you been wasting your time just like this?
Since when has she been teaching him?

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APPENDIX VII. STATIVE VERBS

Stative verbs are verbs that express a state rather than an action. They usually
relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and
measurements. These verbs are not usually used with ing in progressive
(continuous) tenses even though they may take on time expressions such as now
and at the moment. We use the simple tenses for them.
Paul feels rotten today. He has a bad cold.
Do you recognize him? He is a famous rock star.
Our client appreciated all the work we did for him.

Incorrect: I’m smelling your wife’s wonderful spaghetti sauce.

Correct: I smell your wife’s wonderful spaghetti sauce.
However, there are some verbs that look like they should be stative, but may
appear in the ing form. These verbs differ in meaning to the stative verbs.
Examples:
I see Michael, but he can’t see me. I’m too far away. (I see him with my eyes.)
James is seeing Marsha. They’ve been together for a month. (He’s dating her.)
hear
I hear music coming from the Smith’s apartment. Someone must be home now. (To
experience sound)
I’m hearing voices. (I’m imagining it) have
Jeremy has a Mercedes. (He owns it.)
Sara is having lunch with her editor. (She’s eating lunch)
States and actions

STATES
A state means something staying the same.
The flat is clean.
The farmer owns the land.
The box contained old books.
State verbs cannot usually be continuous.
I think you’re right. (= believe)
We have three cars. (= own)
I come from Sweden. (= live in)
I see your problem. (= understand)
Do you see that house? (= have in sight)
This picture looks nice.
She appears very nervous. (= seems)
The bag weighed five kilos.
The coat fits. (it is the right size)
These examples with the verb be are about how people behave.
Permanent Quality

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Claire is a very sociable person.
That man is an idiot.
Some state verbs: be, believe, belong, consist of, contain, depend on, deserve,
exist, hate, know, like, love, matter, mean, own, need, prefer, remember,
resemble, seem, understand.
I think/l'm thinking.
Sometimes we can use a verb either for a state or for an action.

ACTIONS
An action means something happening.
I’m cleaning the flat.
The farmer is buying the land.
He put the books in the box.
Action verbs can be simple or continuous.
He put / He was putting everything away.
I’m thinking about the problem.
We’re having lunch. (= eating)
I’m coming from Sweden. (= travelling)
I usually come on the plane.
Mark is seeing his boss. (= meeting)
I see Daniel quite often.
I’m looking at this picture.
She appeared/was appearing in film.
They weighed/were weighing my bag.
I’m fitting a lock to the window.
Temporary Behaviour
Amanbek is being very sociable today. You are being an idiot this morning.
(= You are behaving like an idiot.)
Short Period (continuous)
I’m liking/enjoying this party.
I’m liking school much better now.
This trip is costing me a lot of money.
We use am/are/is being only to talk about behaviour, not about other things.
I’m better now, thanks. Are you ready? Is anyone interested?
We can use some state verbs in the continuous to talk about a short period of time.
Permanent (simple tenses)
I love/enjoy parties.
I like school.
Holidays cost a lot of money.
Sometimes we can use either the simple or the continuous with no difference in
meaning.
You look well or You’re looking well. We feel a bit sad or We’re feeling a bit sad.

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APPENDIX VIII. FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it
clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter
which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.
In these examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the
second or more recent event:
Event A Event B

John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

Event A Event B

I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

Event B Event A

When they arrived we had already started cooking.

Event B Event A

He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

Past perfect + just

“Just” is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time
earlier than before now, for example:
The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
She had just left the room when the police arrived.
I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
The Past Perfect tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of the
verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.

Subject had past participle

Affirmative

She had given

Negative

She hadn't asked.

Interrogative

Had they arrived?

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 Subject had past participle

Interrogative Negative

Hadn't you finished?

APPENDIX IX. FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The past perfect continuous corresponds to the present perfect continuous, but with
reference to a time earlier than 'before now'. As with the present perfect
continuous, we are more interested in the process.
Examples:
Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?
We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.
Forming the past perfect continuous
The past perfect continuous is composed of two elements: the past perfect of the
verb to be (=had been) + the present participle (base+ing).

Subject had been verb + ing

I had been walking

Affirmative

She had been trying

Negative

She Hadn’t been sleeping

Interrogative

Had you been eating?

Interrogative negative

Hadn’t they been living?

This form is also used in reported speech. It is the equivalent of the past
continuous and the present perfect continuous in direct speech:

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Jane said, “I have been gardening all afternoon”. = Jane said she had been
gardening all afternoon.
When the police questioned him, John said, “I was working late in the office that
night”. = When the police questioned him, John told them he had been
working late in the office that night.
Past perfect continuous – common mistakes
Common mistakes Correct version Why?
I had working
hard, so I felt
very tired.
I had been
worked hard, I had been The form of the past perfect
so I felt very working hard, so I continuous is had + been + verb (-
tired. felt very tired. ing).

I had been Some verbs (called stative verbs)

hearing the I had heard the are not normally used in the
song many song many times continuous form, e.g. know, like,
times before. before. understand, believe, hear, etc.

The difference between the present perfect continuous and the past perfect
continuous is that the past perfect continuous describes an action that is
definitely finished.
■ The structure of the past perfect continuous is:
■ had + been + - ing form of the verb

APPENDIX X. FUTURE TENSES: TIME CLAUSES

There are a number of different ways of referring to the future in English. It is

important to remember that we are expressing more than simply the time of the
action or event. Obviously, any future tense will always refer to a time later than
now, but it may also express our attitude to the future event.
It is clear from these examples that several tenses are used to express the future.
The future tense section shows the form and function of each of these uses of
future tenses.
Future with be going to + verb
We usually use be going to + verb to talk about a definite future plan. Plans are
things we can decide for ourselves. We think about them in advance. Usually we
can control them.
I’m going to cook barbecue chicken for dinner tomorrow night.
(It’s my choice. I have already decided what to cook.)
Check Point:

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✓ We don’t usually use will to talk about future plans unless the plans are very
formal or the plan is possible, but not definite.
We will probably eat at about eight o’clock.
What is a time clause?
Time clauses are preceded by adverbs or adverb phrases which show that they
represent a time.
Examples of these adverbs or adverb phrases are: when, before, after, as soon
as, until.
A time clause shows that an event will happen at a certain time. Although they
have a subject, verb and object, these clauses simply point to a time, similar to
saying at 7 o’clock.
We use the present tense to talk about future times.
The future tense is used in the main clause.
The present simple tense is used in the time clause.
When two clauses are joined by adverbs of time or adverb phrases, the future form
should not be repeated.
Tom will turn off the lights when he leaves the office. (Not when he will
leave).
I will tidy the living-room before I go to bed. (Not before I will go).
She will go running after it stops raining. (Not after it will stop raining.)
I will not go home until I finish the report. (NOT until I will finish).
Jane will call her mother as soon as she arrives at the airport. (Not as soon
as she will arrive).
Time clauses with reference to the future can also be introduced by other
expressions such as: once, immediately, the moment, the minute, the day, by
the time.
Tony will call the restaurant the moment he gets home.
I’ll contact you once I receive an estimate.
You will be notified the minute your order arrives.
It will be dark by the time we arrive home.
The time clause may come before or after the main clause with no change in
meaning.
The moment I hear the doorbell I will put on my coat.
I will put on my coat the moment I hear the doorbell.
The day you graduate your mother will be very happy.
Your mother will be very happy the day you graduate.
All of the following ideas can be expressed using different tenses:
Simple prediction: There will be snow in many areas tomorrow.
Arrangements: I’m meeting Jim at the airport.
Plans and intentions: We’re going to spend the summer abroad.
Time-tabled events: The plane takes off at 3 a.m.
Prediction based on present evidence: I think it’s going to rain!
Willingness: We’ll give you a lift to the cinema.
An action in progress in the future: This time next week I’ll be sun-bathing.
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An action or event that is a matter of routine: You’ll be seeing John in the office
tomorrow, won’t you?
Obligation: You are to travel directly to London.
An action or event that will take place immediately or very soon: The train is about
to leave.
Projecting ourselves into the future and looking back at a completed action: A
month from now he will have finished all his exams.

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WORD LIST
UNIT 1

attentive fault please

aggressive famous person
apathetic friend personality
argue friendship polite
argument group prejudiced
argumentative happy relate
assist infamous relative(ly)
ancient (in) ability relation
audience (im)personal(ly) relationship
able unable impolite sympathetic
achieve (im)politely support
achievement (im)politeness sympathetic
blame insensitive sensitive
bad-tempered jealous sensible
connection jealousy solitary
company jealously typical
crowd kind usual
close kindly unknown
ccareful(ly) likeable unhappy
careless(ly) marriage (un)happiness
correspond mature (un)happily
correspondence nervous unkind
disabled near (un)kindness
disability nervous(ly) (un)caring
disobey nervousness (un)married
(dis)obedient(ly) old willing unwilling
(dis)obedience ordinary (un)willingness
devoted obey (un)willingly
enjoy polite (un)friendly
extrovert popular willing unwilling

UNIT 2

age possess take

after prefer table-tennis
as soon as play take part
bat period team
beat produce tennis
breathtaking pass track
before racket track suit
court run trainer(s)
go on seem train(ing)
interview to feel since tournament
know smash to see
last shot to hear
net talk to smell
123
to taste to assume to regret
to contain to believe to want
to cost to consider to wish
to hold to doubt to look (=resemble)
to measure to feel (= to think) to seem
to weigh to find (= to consider) to be (in most cases)
to forget to suppose to have (when it means to
to imagine to think until
to know to envy volley
to mean to dislike wait
to notice to hope when
to recognise to like while
to remember to mind
to understand to prefer

UNIT 3

area eminent small

above girth short
above and beyond ground-level shallow
aerial huge superior to
aloft high squatty
altitudinal beyond height subordinate to
abyssal heaviness subsided
big immense tiny
bulk inferior to tall
base low thin
below little thick
beneath long tall
bottom length top
capacity lofty to the ground
cavernous medium upmost
depth massive upon
deep minute upward of
down magnitude under
diameter mass underneath
dimensions measure volume
diameter narrow volley
enormous nether wide
expanse onto width
extent over weight
elevated proportions width

UNIT 4
block chest pass
assist bounce computer
airball bike/go biking cut
backcourt block out cycle
baseline center double
basket court dribble
basketball come into draft
ball cheque dance
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forward man-to-man ski
free throw office sky diving
front court old empty boxes storage
fall on/off/over passing study
free throw personal foul separated from
ground pivot traveling
guard pay turnover
hall player throw
ice-skate rake three point shot
injure rest three second violation
jump rebound turn over
jump stop referee violations
key shave walk into
lay up shed watch
landing sideline write
learn/learning steal walls
live sleep zone
loft skate

UNIT 5

athletics equip opposite

amateur equipment opposing
allow equipped Pitch
allowance final practice
allowable fortune misfortune prefer to do(rather than (to)
associate finale do)
association fortune prefer smth (rather than
archery game smth)
bat golf practical
beat gymnastics play
become half time professional
badminton hockey referee
baseball interval ring
court interest rink
course (im)practical(ly) rod
compete improve racket
competition know retrain
competitor knowledge stick
compete lose spectator umpire
competitive(ly) lost sport
draw loss score
disallow medal swimming
disassociate medalist sky-diving
darts medallion track
end maintain train
ending maintenance trainer
equal mountain-biking (un)fortunate(ly)
enjoy opponent (un)interesting(ly) viewer
enjoyment oppose (un)knowledgeable
enjoyable opposition win

125
UNIT 6

assist gym score

aerobics gymnastics scuba diving
archery hang-gliding second place
athlete hiking silver medal
assistance hockey sit-ups
account jogging skating
attend kick the goalpost skiing
badminton karate skydiving
baseball learn snowboarding
basketball make soccer
bowling marathon squash
boxing medal stadium
bronze medal note starting line
bungee jumping Olympics surfing
bank offer snow
bill price sprain
brand products/goods till/checkout
break poor poorly trip over
coach poverty unending
cycling pay paid (un)economical(ly)
ending payable (un)acceptable
earn plastic (un)acceptably
escape ping-pong value (in)valuable
exchange push-ups valueless
field peel valuation
figure skating race walk
finish line referee watch
first place rollerblading wealth/fortune
football running wealth wealthy
goal realize write
gold medal reality
golf realistic(ally)

UNIT 7

adore broaden disagree

agree believe dislike
appear (seem) belong to doubt
appreciate concern distant
area consist of distantly
arrive contain distance
arrangement be (exist) cost direct
arrival culture direction
arrange cultural(ly) different(ly)
border deny differ
book depend on equal
broad deserve excursion
breadth detest enter
126
entrance matter smell
edge mean sound
feel measure suppose
fare mind surprise
fee miss sight
guide need season
hate native taste
have (possession) owe think (opinion)
hear own trip
home possess travel
imagine promise ticket
include period territory
involve photograph time timetable
indirect photography tour
(in)directly photographer tourism
journey photographic tourist understand
know realize (un)recognisable
keep recognize (un)cultured
lack remember voyage
like resemble view
loathe reach want
look (seem) rearrange weigh
love recognise world
lose recognition worldwide
line satisfy wish
length see
lead seem

UNIT 8

achieve education (mis)understanding

academy educator make
academic educational(ly) prefect
academically forget pass
attend attention fly primary
attendance high degree qualifications
attendant improve qualities
achieve improvement read
behave improved ring
behavior intense results
count intensity recognize
change intensify reason
colleague intensely reach
classmate illiterate reasoning
certify (il)literacy revise
certificate (in)attentive(ly) revision
certified know results
degree leave reach
escape lesson revised
eat learn student
effort literate start
educate measure secondary
127
subject studies thought
speak studious thoughtful
study secondary thoughtless
solve take teach
solution test exam (un)reasonable
scholar task (un)reasonably
scholarship talk (un)solvable
scholarly teach (un)thinkable
scholastic teacher understand
study taught understandable
student think write

UNIT 9

beat pass trophy

championship penalty tournament
coach pitch to accelerate
concede (a goal) polystyrene to accomplish
defend passion to conquer
defeat performance to empower
draw perk to endure
equipment productivity to overcome
extra time perseverance to persevere
football persistence to prioritize
football team positive mindset to be positive
fan promotion to be resilient
football match positive to be engaged work
foul progress to learn
game problem solver to be supportive
fight patience to support
fringe role model to be disciplined
faith reward to be competent
faithful referee to affiliate
fulfillment responsibility to be grateful
give resilience to graduate with honors
gratefulness stadium to succeed
honesty striker to encourage
honest sponsor to achieve
honor honors substitute to compete
injury time scores to make progress
join in shoot to quit
kick (v) smoke to be patient
kit surprised to decide
master spirit to master
match scientific to innovate
mascot solution to be a creative
national anthem satisfaction to create
opponent self-satisfaction unmotivated
obstacles spirit utility to utilize
opportunity support will
optimistic success willing
plan tackle
128
UNIT 10

athlete seeding
backstroke starting block
barrels start
best time stadium
bubble starting line
chase streamline
coach stroke clinic
cut stroke and turn judge
distances swimming
disqualify swimmer
dryland swimming pool
event timer
event winner turns
electronic device team
finish line teammate
first place team sport
finishes third place
flags track
floating line trophy
freestyle this weekend
free throw tomorrow morning
gold medal two weeks from today
goal tomorrow evening
goalkeeper the week after next
heat the day after tomorrow
heat sheet to connect
heat winner to get information
hold tumble turn
individual meadly touch pad
kicking until
laps volleyball
lapcard weights
lane warm-ups
lane line water skiing
local swim committee zone
mallets
meet
meet fees
next weekend
next Sunday
next year
next spring
pool
quarter
race
relays
referee
runner
score
129
Glossary of Sports
Ace: a winning serve which the receiver fails to touch with his or her racket.
Advantage: a player who scores a point at 'deuce' has the advantage, meaning if they win the next
point, they win the game.
Athletics: A sport related to physical activity, such as running, jumping or throwing.
A match: two teams playing against each other in a 90-minute game of football.
A pitch: the area where footballers play a match.
A referee: the person who makes sure that the players follow the rules. Normally wears a black shirt
and shorts, and has a whistle.
A linesman (referee's assistant: the person whose main duty it is to indicate with a flag when the ball
has gone out of play, when a player is offside or when a player should take a corner.
A goalkeeper: the player in goal who has to stop the ball from crossing the goal-line. The only player
who is allowed to handle the ball during open play.
A defender: a player who plays in the part of the football team which tries to prevent the other team
from scoring goals.
A midfielder: a player who plays mainly in the middle part of the pitch (or midfield).
An attacker: also called a forward; a player whose duty it is to score goals.
A skipper: the player who leads a team, also called the captain.
A substitute: a player who sits on the bench ready to replace another team-mate on the pitch.
A manager: the person in charge of a team and responsible for training, new players and transfers.
A foul: a violation of the rules. For example, if a player kicks another player it is a foul.
A booking: a yellow card shown to a player by the referee for a serious foul. Two bookings or yellow
cards result in a red card or sending-off.
An equalizer: a goal that cancels out the opposing team’s lead and leaves the match tied or drawn.
A goal: a successful attempt at scoring achieved by putting the ball over the goal line into the goal
past the goalkeeper.
An own goal: a goal scored accidentally by a member of the defending team that counts in favour of
the attacking team.
A draw: a match that ends in a tie, i.e. has no winner or loser. The teams get one point each for a
draw.
A defeat: a match that is lost, the opposite of a win.
A kick: to hit something, or somebody, with your foot. In football, the players kick the ball.
A goal-kick: a kick taken from the 6-yard line by the defending team after the ball has been put over
the goal-line (or byline) by the attacking team.
A free-kick: the kick awarded to a team by the referee after a foul has been committed against it.
A penalty: a free shot at goal from 12 yards (11 metres or the penalty spot) awarded by the referee to a
team after a foul has been committed in the penalty area.
A corner: a kick from the corner flag awarded to the attacking team when the ball has crossed the
goal-line (or byline) after last being touched by a player of the defending team
A throw-in: a throw is taken from the sideline (or touchline) after the ball has gone out of play. The
only time a player can handle the ball without committing a foul.
A pass: a kick of the ball from one player to another.
A cross: a pass from the side of the pitch into the penalty area in an attempt to find an attacker and
score a goal.
A one-two: a passing move in which player 1 passes the football to player 2, who immediately passes
it back to player 1.
A header: the “shot” that occurs when a player touches and guides the ball with his or her head.
A backheel: a kick where the ball is hit with the heel (or the back) of the foot.

130
A clearance: a defensive kick that is intended to put the ball out of danger.
A penalty shoot-out: in a knock-out competition, a penalty shoot-out takes place if a match is a draw
after full-time or extra-time. Five players from each team take a penalty each, and if the score is still
level after that, one player from each team takes a penalty in turn, in order to decide who wins the
match.
A goal difference: If team A has scored four goals and team B one, the goal difference is three.
A head-to-head: a way of deciding which team is ranked higher if two teams are level (or equal) on
points. For example, if team A and B both have six points, but team A beat team B in the head-to-
head game, team A will be ranked above team B.
A play-off: an extra match to decide which of two or more teams should go through to the next
round.
American football: An American game where a ball is thrown forward to other players.
Away: The team that is playing sport at the ground/field of the other team.
Backhand: a stroke in which the ball is struck on the opposite side of the body to the racquet hand.
Ball Person: Ball Boy/Girl/Kid youngsters who collect balls from the court and give them to players
as required.
Baseline: a line at each end of the court, marking the boundary of the playing area.
Badminton: A game played with rackets, a high net and a shuttlecock.
Baseball: An American game where a ball has to be hit with a bat.
Basketball: An American game where a ball has to be bounced on the floor and thrown through a
hoop.
Bat: A thin long object that is held and used to hit another object, often a ball.
Baton: A stick that has to be carried to the end of a race by a group of participants.
Best Time: A best time is achieved when a swimmer exceeds their own previous "best time" in an
event - it shows that a swimmer has improved over their own time, regardless of how other swimmers
finish.
Break: to beat an opponent in a game in which the opponent is serving.
Break point: a point which will result in a break of service if it's won by the receiver.
Boxing: A sport where two people hit each other and try to win the fight.
Boxing ring: A square area with ropes around it in which a boxing match takes place.
Bubble: A large tent erected over an outdoor pool during the winter months.
Captain: The member of a team that is in charge of all the other players while playing the sport.
Car racing: A contest to see which car is the fastest or which is the best car driver.
Club (1): A long stick with a small but heavy head that is used to hit balls in some sports.
Club (2): A group of people all interested in playing the same sport together.
Coach: The person responsible for making sure a team or individual is ready to play a sport.
Crosscourt: a shot in which the ball is hit diagonally across the court.
Court: An area in which a sport is played, and which the sport should not leave.
Cricket: A British game where a bat is used to hit a ball.
Crowd: A group of people together in one place (who are watching sport).
Cue: A long thin wooden stick used to hit the balls in snooker.
Cycling: A sport that uses bicycles, often in races.
Cut: A time standard that a swimmer must meet or exceed to be included in a specific competition
such as State and Regional meets.
Darts: A game of skill where a sharp pointed metal stick is thrown at a target on a wall.
Distances: 8 and under swimmers swim one lap (25 yards) in any stroke, except for the individual
medley which is 25 yards of each stroke or 100 yards total. 9 and up swimmers swim two laps (50
yards) in any stroke, except for the individual medley (again 100 yards).
Diving: To jump into water from a high platform while performing tricks.
Deuce: a score of 40-40, after which a player must win two consecutive points to win the game.
Double fault: two faults served in a row, resulting in the server losing the point.
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Doubles: format in which players play in teams of two.
Drop shot: a gentle shot that just drops over the net.
DQ: Disqualify
Dryland: Exercises or stretches that are conducted out of the pool in order to warm up, build strength
and increase flexibility.
Event: This is defined by the age group, sex and swimming stroke, such as Boys' 9-10
Backstroke. The number of events at each meet varies.
Event Winner: This is the swimmer who has the fastest time in the entire event consisting of all the
heats of that event.
Equipment: The things that are needed to be able to play a sport.
Exercise: To do sport for health benefits rather than trying to win.
Extra time: if a match has no winner at full-time, 2 x 15 minutes of extra time may be played in some
competitions.
Finishes: This is how a swimmer ends the race by touching the wall in a legal way depending upon
the stroke.
Fault: a missed serve, served into the net or served outside the correct service box.
Forehand: a shot hit from the racket-arm side of the body.
Flags: Backstroke flags are placed at both ends of the pool 15 feet from the end to serve as a warning
to backstroke swimmers that they are nearing the wall for a turn or finish. Timers may "catch the
heads" of younger swimmers who would otherwise hit the wall
Football: A team game where the feet are used to kick a ball. (Called soccer in America.)
Fun: To enjoy doing something.
Full-time: the point of the game when the referee blows the final whistle and the match is over.
Normally after 90 minutes and any added injury or stoppage time
Game: A single occasion of playing a sport. (Similar to a match.)
Game: in scoring, a game is won by winning points, a set is won by winning games, and a match is
won by winning sets.
Game point: a point that will end the game if it is won by the leading Player.
Grand Slam: the four major tournaments; Wimbledon and the French, U.S. and Australian Opens.
Groundstroke: a shot hit from the back court after the ball has bounced; the standard shot in tennis.
Golf: A game in which a club is used to hit a small ball into a hole in the ground.
Grandstand: A building full of seats for people to sit and watch a sport being played.
Ground: The place where a sport is played, e.g. football ground.
Gymnastics: A sporting contest about performing exercises.
Heat: When an event has more swimmers entered than available lanes, as is usually the case, there are
multiple heats of the event.
Heat Sheet: This is the official schedule of swimmers in their assigned events, heats and lanes drawn
up by the coaches. It is usually sold at the meet so that swimmers can see where they will swim.
Heat Winner: This is the person who comes in first in a particular heat of an event. This does not
automatically mean that the swimmer has also won the event, since there are usually multiple heats
for any event.
Helmet: A form of protection worn on the head to prevent injuries.
Hockey: A game where a stick is used to hit a small ball.
Home: The team that is playing sport at its own ground/field.
Hoop: A circular shape that a basketball has to be passed through.
Horseracing: A sport where horses are ridden by jockeys trying to win a race.
Ice-hockey: A game played on ice where a small disk is hit with a stick.
Injury time: also called stoppage time, added minutes at the end of the regular playing time at half-
time or full-time. Entirely at the referee’s discretion and normally indicated by an official on the
sideline (or touchline).

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IM (Individual Meadly): An event that encompasses all four swimming strokes including Butterfly,
Backstroke, Breaststroke and Freestyle. Lengths may vary from 100 yards/meters (one lap of each
stroke) to 400 yards/meter (four laps of each stroke).
Jockey: The person who rides a horse in horse races.
Legal/DQ: These are the terms that describe whether a stroke is being performed correctly (legally) as
defined by United States Swimming rules. If a swimmer is judged by a Stroke and Turn judge to be
swimming incorrectly, that swimmer is disqualified (DQ) for that event in the meet. The swimmer
should ask their coach for instructions to correct the problem before swimming the same event in
another meet. DQ does not mean that a swimmer cannot swim in further events or meets. It is a
learning tool for swimmers.
Let: a shot that must be replayed, such as a serve that touches the net.
Line judge: an official who judges whether or not shots land in the Court.
Lob: a shot that is hit in a high arc, usually over the opponent's head.
Love: zero (this meaning is used in tennis only).
LSC: Local Swim Committee (Part of the Southern Zone. Think State Government)
Long-jump: A contest where the participants try to jump as far as possible.
Manager: The person who organizes how, when and where a team or individual will play a sport.
Marathon: A running race that is just over 26 miles long.
Match point: a point that will end the match if it is won by the leading player.
Mixed doubles: doubles format in which each team is made up of one female and one male player.
Meet: A competition between two (dual meet) or more teams with individual swimmers, relays, place
ribbons and team scores.
Meet Fees: Fees incurred when a swimmer is registered for a swim meet.
Match: A single occasion of playing a sport. (Similar to a game.)
Motorsport: Races between cars, motorbikes or anything else with an engine on land.
Net: A barrier between the participants over which an object has to passed.
Olympics: A very large sporting contest held every four years in which most countries take part.
Opponent: The other person or team in a sporting contest.
Offside: a player is in a position which is not allowed by the rules of the game, i.e. When an attacking
player is closer to the opposing team’s goal-line at the moment the ball is passed to him or her than
the last defender apart from the goalkeeper.
Para-Olympics: An Olympic contest for people with disabilities.
Participants: The people who take part in or play sports.
Pitch: The area in which a match has to be played.
Play: To do a sport.
Player: A person who does sport.
Playing field: An outside area that is used to play a sport.
Pole-vault: A contest where a long stick is used to try to jump as high as possible.
Race: A contest where the participants have to get to the end as fast as possible.
Racket: An object with a large head that is used to hit another object, often a ball.
Rally: a long series of shots.
Receiver: the player receiving serves.
Return: to hit a shot back to the opponent.
Referee: The person in charge of making sure the rules are followed. (Similar to an umpire.)
Relay: A race where several people run as a team by taking turns and passing a baton.
Relays: Relay races are sometimes offered at the beginning or end of a meet. Medley relays feature 4
swimmers each swimming a different stroke beginning with back, breast, fly and free. Free relays
feature 4 freestyle swimmers.
Runner: A volunteer who picks up time slips, DQ slips, and other meet documentation and brings
them to the computer table where the meet information is being compiled.
Rugby: A British game where hands are used to pass a ball backwards to other team members.
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Running: To move as fast as possible.
Season ticket: A ticket that lets you attend all the matches a team plays.
Seeding: This refers to the heat and lane assignment of the swimmer. Swimmers are arranged (seeded)
by the best times, with the slowest swimmers in heat 1 and so forth. Further, the fastest swimmers are
seeded in the middle of the pool outward.
Serve: the shot that begins each point, in which the server hits the ball after tossing it into the air.
Set: in scoring, a player must win at least six games to win a set.
Set point: a point that, if won by the leading player, will win him or her the game and the set.
Starting Block: A raised platform that swimmers dive from during competition.
Starts: This is the entry into the water (generally a dive) or the beginning of the backstroke (push off
back dive) at the sound of the starting buzzer.
Streamline: Position a swimmer assumes at the start of a lap in which their body and arms are straight
with the elbows behind the ears arms squeezing the back of the head.
Stroke Clinic: A practice with a specific goal of improving technique on one or more specific strokes.
Stroke and Turn Judge: A trained volunteer who determines if swimmers are swimming each stroke
legally within the guidelines set by USA Swimming, a stroke judge determines if a swimmer will be
disqualified.
Shuttlecock: The cone shaped object used in badminton.
Skiing: Using skis to move over snow quickly.
Skis: Two long flat pieces of material attached to the feet used to slide over snow.
Snooker: A game played on a table where a cue is used to hit balls into pockets.
Snowboard: A long and wide piece of material attached to the feet used to slide over snow.
Snowboarding: Using a snowboard to move over snow and perform tricks.
Soccer: A team game where the feet are used to kick a ball. (Name used in America.)
Spectator: Someone who watches sport.
Sport centre: A large building in which people can do different sports.
Sport: A comparison that involves physical activity.
Squash: A game played inside a court where rackets are used to hit a small ball against a wall.
Stadium: The building that surrounds a pitch where sports are played.
Supporter: Someone who follows a specific team.
Swim: To move through water.
Table tennis: A game played on a table with small rackets and balls.
Team: A group of people who play sport together against another group.
Tennis: A game played on a court where a racket is used to hit a ball over a net.
Timer: A volunteer who uses a stopwatch to record a swimmer's time during a swim meet.
Tiebreaker: a game format used to quickly finish a set that's tied at six games each.
Turns: A swimmer who is swimming more than one length of the pool in an event must perform a
legal turn at each wall to continue the race. Each stroke has its own turn requirements, which are
taught in practice. Turns are needed in the individual medleys, and 50 yard distances for the older
swimmers.
Tournament: A group of matches used to find the best team or individual at that sport.
The score: the record of goals that indicates who is winning. The final score is the result that decides
who has won the match.
The lead: when a team scores first it is “in the lead”, i.e. winning the match at the point of scoring.
The kick-off: the first kick of the game when two players from the same team in the centre circle play
the ball and start the match. Also the first kick after half-time or after a goal has been scored.
To concede: to allow a goal in, the opposite of scoring a goal.
To win: a match in which a team is victorious and beats the other team. A win normally gives the
winning team three points, the losing team does not get any points.
To knock out: to eliminate another team from a competition.

134
To shoot: to kick the ball towards the net at one end of the pitch (the goal) in an attempt to score a
goal
To volley: to kick a moving ball from the air before it hits the ground.
Track: The path that a race has to follow.
Turnstile: A gate that lets only one person through at a time.
Umpire: The person in charge of making sure the rules are followed. (Similar to a referee.)
Volley: a shot on which the ball is hit before it bounces.
Warm-ups: Each meet begins by having a warm-up period. This is very important so that swimmers
do not pull muscles and also allows swimmers to get familiar with the pool.
Winter sports: Sports that need either snow or ice to be undertaken.
World Cup: A big football (soccer) tournament held every four years.
Zone: USA swimming is broken into four Zones: Eastern, Western, Central, Southern.

135
For Notes

136
REFERENCES

LITERATURE

1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev, No.UP-

4947, “On the Strategy for Action for the Further Development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan”, dated February 7, 2017;
2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD-5117 of 19 May, 2021
“On measures to raise activities to promote the study of foreign languages in the
Republic of Uzbekistan”;
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD-1875 of 10 December
2012, “On measures on further improvement of teaching of foreign languages”;
4. Bakieva G, F. Rashidova, Khodjieva R and others. Scale up Students’ book (Course
2). Tashkent, 2015;
5. M. Mann, S. Taylore-Knowles. Destination B2 Grammar & Vocabulary. Macmillan
publishers limited, 2008;
6. M. Vince. Advanced language practice. English Grammar and Vocabulary.
Macmillan publishers limited, 2003;
7. Sue Kay, V. Jones. New Inside Out. Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2012;
8. Bazhenova E.A., Grenlund A.Yu., Kovaleva L.Ya., Sokolova A.V. English for
sports specialties. 2012;
9. N.B. Karavanova. English from scratch: an elementary practical English course. 320
p. +1 CD-ROM. (Foreign language: step by step). M .: Eksmo, 2012;
10. Michael Vince. Macmillan English Grammar in Context. Intermediate with key.
Macmillan, 2012.

INTERNET RESOURCES
1. www.edu.uz
2. www.pearsoned.co.in
3. www.ngl.cengage.com/ELT
4. www.really-learn-english.com
5. www.pinterest.com
6. www.izdat-bspu.narod.ru/books.10.html
7. www.netstate.com
8. www.rbtl.ru
9. www.bearingpoint.uz
10. www.iqlib.ru.book.preview
11. www.window.edu.ru/window/library
12. http://lengish.com/texts/text-41
13. http://engtopic.ru

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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………..…..3
UNIT 1. People and Personality…………………………………………………5-10
UNIT REVIEW ……………………………………………………………..…..13-15
UNIT 2. Tennis ………………………………………………………….………16-23
UNIT REVIEW …………………………………………………………..…..…24-25
UNIT 3. Size ………………………………………………………………..…..26-32
UNIT REVIEW ………………………………………………………….……...33-34
UNIT 4. The invention of Basketball …………………………………………..35-41
UNIT REVIEW ……………………………………………..…………………..42-44
UNIT 5. Leisure and Sport ……………………………………………………..45-51
UNIT REVIEW ………………………………………………………………....52-54
UNIT 6. The Olympic Games ………………………………………………….55-60
UNIT REVIEW ………………………………………………………………....61-63
UNIT 7.Travelling …………………………………………………….…..….…64-71
UNIT REVIEW ……………………………………….………………………...72-74
UNIT 8. Education and Learning …………………………………….…..…….75-81
UNIT REVIEW ……………………………………………………………..…..82-84
UNIT 9. The game of Football …………………………………..…….…..……85-92
UNIT REVIEW …………………………………………………..……….……..93-95
UNIT 10. Swimming …………………………………………….………….…96-104
UNIT REVIEW …………………………………….……………..…………..105-108
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
WORD LIST

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MUNDARIJA

KIRISH ..................................................................................................................... 3
BOB I. Odamlar va shaxsiyat ................................................................................ 5-10
BOB SHARHI ...................................................................................................... .13-15
BOB II. Tennis .................................................................................................... .16-23
BOB SHARHI ....................................................................................................... 24-25
BOB III. Hajm....................................................................................................... 26-32
BOB SHARHI ...................................................................................................... .33-34
BOB IX. Basketbol o’yini yaratilishi ................................................................... .35-41
BOB SHARHI ....................................................................................................... 42-44
BOB V. Bo’sh vaqt va Sport ................................................................................ .45-51
BOB SHARHI ...................................................................................................... .52-54
BOB VI. Olimpiya o’yinlari ................................................................................ ..55-60
BOB SHARHI ...................................................................................................... .61-63
BOB VII. Sayohat ................................................................................................ .64-71
BOB SHARHI ....................................................................................................... 72-74
BOB VIII. Ta’lim va o’rganish ............................................................................ .75-81
BOB SHARHI ..................................................................................................... ..82-84
BOB IX. Futbol o’yini ......................................................................................... .85-92
BOB SHARHI ....................................................................................................... 93-95
BOB X. Suzish ..................................................................................................... 96-104
BOB SHARHI ................................................................................................... 105-108
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
ILOVALAR
SO’ZLAR RO’YXATI

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ .................................................................................................. …..3

ГЛАВА 1. Люди и личность .......................................................................... 5-10
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................. 13-15
ГЛАВА 2. Теннис ........................................................................................ ..16-23
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................... 24-25
ГЛАВА 3. Размер ........................................................................................... 26-32
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................. 33-34
ГЛАВА 4. Изобретение баскетбола ............................................................ 35-41
ОБЗОР .............................................................................................................. 42-44
ГЛАВА 5. Свободное время и спорт ........................................................... 45-51
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................... 52-54
ГЛАВА 6. Олимпийские игры ......................................................................55-60
ОБЗОР .............................................................................................................. 61-63
ГЛАВА 7. Путешествие ............................................................................... 64-71
ОБЗОР .............................................................................................................. 72-74
ГЛАВА 8. Образование и обучение….. ................................................... ..75-81
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................... 82-84
ГЛАВА 9. Игра в футбол ............................................................................... 85-92
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................. 93-95
ГЛАВА 10. Плавание ..................................................................................... 96-104
ОБЗОР ............................................................................................................ 105-108
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
СПИСОК СЛОВ

140
MAZMUNÍ

KIRISIW ............................................................................................................... 3
BAP I. Adamlar hám shaxsıyat .......................................................................... 5-10
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 13-15
BAP II. Tennis .................................................................................................... 16-23
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 24-25
BAP III. Kólem .................................................................................................. 26-32
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 33-34
BAP IV. Basketbol oyınınıń jaratılıwı ................................................................ 35-41
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 42-44
BAP V. Bos waqıt hám Sport.............................................................................. 45-51
TÁKIRARLAW ................................................................................................. 52-54
BAP VI. Olimpiya oyınları ................................................................................. 55-60
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 61-63
BAP VII. Sayaxat ............................................................................................... 64-71
TÁKIRARLAW .................................................................................................. 72-74
BAP VIII. Tálim hám úyreniw ........................................................................... 75-81
TÁKIRARLAW ................................................................................................. 82-84
BAP IX. Futbol oyını .......................................................................................... 85-92
TÁKIRARLAW ................................................................................................. 93-95
BAP X. Júziw .................................................................................................... 96-104
TÁKIRARLAW ............................................................................................... 105-108
PAYDALANÍLǴAN ÁDEBIYATLAR
QOSÍMSHALAR
SÓZLER DIZIMI

141