Digital System Design and Simulation
Step 1: System Overview
This digital system takes two 3-bit binary inputs and performs two ALU operations:
subtraction and comparison. The system consists of the following components:
- Inputs: Two 3-bit binary numbers (A and B).
- Operations:
1. Subtraction: A - B.
2. Comparison: Compare A and B to determine whether A > B.
- Control Unit (CU):
- Selects between subtraction and comparison operations.
- Shows a carry flag if a carry/borrow is generated during subtraction.
- Shows an error flag if B > A during subtraction.
- Outputs: A 3-bit binary output for the result and two flags (carry and error).
Step 2: Design the Subtractor
A 3-bit subtractor computes A - B using the 2's complement method.
1. Full Adders: Use full adders to calculate A + (~B + 1).
2. Carry/Borrow Flag: Check the output of the last adder for a borrow.
3. Error Flag: Set the error flag if B > A.
Step 3: Design the Comparator
The comparator checks two 3-bit binary inputs (A and B) and outputs:
- 1 if A > B.
- 0 if A <= B.
1. XOR Gates: Use XOR gates to check if corresponding bits are equal.
2. AND/OR Gates: Determine if A is greater than B.
Step 4: Design the Control Unit (CU)
The control unit selects the operation and displays the flags:
1. Control Input: A 1-bit control input (X) selects the operation.
2. Inverter (NOT Gate): Invert the control signal for routing.
3. AND Gates: Route output based on the value of X.
4. OR Gate: Combine outputs from subtractor and comparator.
5. Carry Flag: Generated only during subtraction.
6. Error Flag: Generated if B > A during subtraction.
Step 5: Build the Circuit in Proteus
1. Add Components: Include logic gates, full adders, XOR gates, LEDs, and digital inputs in
Proteus.
2. Wire the Circuit: Connect inputs to both subtractor and comparator, implement control
logic, and output to LEDs.
3. Simulation: Run the simulation and check correct performance for both operations.
Step 6: Testing and Debugging
1. Subtraction Operation: Test different inputs to verify correct results and flags.
2. Comparison Operation: Verify outputs correctly indicate A > B or A <= B.
3. Edge Cases: Test scenarios where A = B, B > A, and B = 0.
4. Test Flags: Ensure carry and error flags function as expected.
Step 7: Report and Presentation
In the report and presentation, cover the following:
Q1. System Overview and Methodology:
- Introduction: Explain the purpose of the system.
- Methodology: Describe the design process.
Q2. Strengths, Limitations, and Resources:
1. Strengths: Advantages of the design.
2. Limitations: Constraints and potential improvements.
3. Resources: Tools and references used.
Q3. Testing and Robustness:
- Describe tests performed to ensure reliability and functionality.
Conclusion
This design and simulation guide provides a comprehensive approach to creating a digital
system in Proteus. By following these steps, you will ensure that your system is functional
and robust. Test and debug thoroughly to prepare for your assignment presentation.
