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Transformers

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15 views3 pages

Transformers

Uploaded by

Farai Zhangazha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformers

The Kariba south power station has generator, unit, common services, and excitation and station
transformers.

Generator transformer

There are a total of nine single phase generator transformer. They are basically step up transformers
which step up the 18kV produced by the generator to 330kV for transmission purposes. This is done so
as to reduce current losses and also a reduction in the conductor size as a result of lower currents.

The transformers are similar and rated at 260 MVA and were manufactured by English Electric.420 Amps
of current flow on the secondary ( high voltage) side of the transformer and 2222 Amps flow on the
primary side (low voltage).There is no provision for tap changing thus the output of the transformer
cannot be varied. The transformers are water cooled. The heat exchangers are located near the
transformers and the oil is pumped to the heat exchanger where it releases its heat to the water on the
other side of the pipe. The pressure of the oil is higher than that of the water as a safety measure in case
a pipe is damage, no water will flow into the transformer but the oil into the water to avoid arcing in the
transformer which is so disastrous as it can lead to the transformer tripping or even explode if the
protection fail to operate in time.

Protection of Generator Transformers

A transformer is a potential risky if it fails in operation and there is no protection as it only results in an
explosion. To avoid disaster if the transformer fails, the transformer has a protection system. The main
faults are arcing, over current and earth faults, Oil failure, Water failure, Winding temperature rise. So
there is over current and restricted earth Fault protection.

There is Bucholtz protection that mainly protects such failures as water failure, sudden increases in the
winding temperature and oil failure. All the faults are serious faults that operate the Buchholz Relay
which then operates the 330kv Circuit breaker and generator tripping relay in order to protect damage
to equipment and avoid a serious system disturbance. This results in the generator transformer and its
generators from the national grid.

The generator tripping relay trips both paired generators Air Circuit Breakers and the station
transformer 18kV A.C.B if connected.

There following are the protection schemes

 Overcurrent.

 Restricted earth fault.

 Bucholtz surge.

 Oil failure trip.

Station transformer

There are 2 Station transformers (Station transformers 1 and 3) with a power rating of 5000KVA and
6000KVA respectively. For both the primary winding has 18 KV this is stepped down to 11 KV. The
connection on it is YNyn0d11 revealing that it is a tertiary transformer with a star connection on both
primary and secondary winding, and delta on the tertiary winding. The cooling system used is the oil
natural air natural cooling for the station transformer 3 and oil forced water natural for number 1
transformer.

Unit transformer

This is an oil natural air natural transformer. The rated power is 300KVA, the primary winding has a
voltage of 18KV 9.62A and the secondary has 380V 456A.the connection arrangement is 41Dy11 thus
delta on the primary and star on the secondary. There are six unit transformers which supply the
respective unit board with 380V supply. This is engaged to be the supply of the unit board at 90% of the
speed of the machine during run up.

Common services transformers

These get their supplies from the 11KV bus bars supplied by the station transformer, diesel generator
and the Kariba North bank feeders1/2.these step down 11KV 84A to 380V 1519A for CSTx 1 and 2, and
for CSTx 3 11KV 84A to 400KV 2309A. They have a rated power of 1600KVA and vector group of
Dyn11.the cooling used is the oil natural air natural cooling system

Excitation transformer

This is a dry type of transformer which is directly connected to the generator terminals and it has a
vector group of Dd0.The rated power is 1349KVA, its winding material is made up of Cu/Al and the
primary ratings are 18KV 43.3A whilst the secondary are 735V 1050A.The transformer has over-current
and temperature protection which trips the machine.

Single line diagrams showing Electrical Connections of the Transformers


Figure 4 Electrical connections of the GTx and Station Tx

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