Raimondi College S.

5 Chapter 3

Chapter 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Name: _________________________( ) Class: ___________

Graphs of Some Functions

Key Points

1. Graphs of Some Common Functions

(a) Constant Functions (b) Linear Functions
y = c or f ( x) = c , where c is a constant y = ax + b or f ( x) = ax + b , where a and b
are constants and a  0
f
slope
ie 4
interpt
←
y y
= -
.

λ= 3
^

|
Its graph is a horizontal line Its graph is a straight line

Ax
BY +
x > + C = 0
(3 ,
0 )

(c) Quadratic Functions ⼀管本

slope =

y = ax 2 + bx + c or f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c , where a, b and c are constants and a  0

b b 2 − 4ac
(or in the form y = a ( x − h) 2 + k or f ( x) = a ( x − h) 2 + k , where h = − and k = − )
2a 4a

5
Y
Its graph is a parabola = 2x + 3x -

Vertex (b ,,
k)

3
器
( -《
2)
P

h = -
k = -

n :

⼀年 =~

P.1 H.T.Lui
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3

2. Graphs of exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions

NF (a) Exponential Functions

y = a x or f ( x) = a x , where a > 0 and a  1

x
1
Note: The graphs of y = a x and y =   show reflectional symmetry with each other about the y-axis.
a

⼀脉
sy
Y =

”
」 ,

NF (b) Logarithmic Functions

y = log x or f ( x) = log x , where a > 0 and a  1
a a

Note: (i) The graphs of y = log x and y = log 1 x show reflectional symmetry with each other about
a
a

the x-axis.
(ii) The graphs of y = a x and y = log x show reflectional symmetry with each other about
the line y = x.
a

」M
:
sxgix
np lop

巡
「 "
=

x
,
>

(c) Trigonometric Functions

n nix
:

(i) Sine Function: (ii) Cosine Function: (iii) Tangent Function:

y = sin  or f ( ) = sin  y = cos or f ( ) = cos y = tan  or f ( ) = tan 

They are called trigonometric functions in general.

P.2
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3

1. The graph in the figure shows the linear relation between x and log3 y . If y = mn x ,
then n =

A.
1
.
slope coordinnte
,

slop =n
81
1
B. . = 2
9

0
C. 9 .
D. 81 . logzy = 2x + 4

x + 4
32
Y (12-32)
=

2X

34 90 81
Y
= 3
Y
=
.
.

2.
mx
y =

a = 3

lopy logab
'
=

bco < l o < b < 1

logy l0 atlogb 的 sub ( o , 3] into

y
abx
g slopl
= ,
=

logoy ⼆
logia xlog + , be z =
ab
a 3
y mferyl
⼀ =

x
The figure above shows the graph of y = ab , where a and b are constants. Which of the following

graphs may represent the relation between x and log7 y ?

logie 70 .
3 = -

0
…
.

A. B.

C. D.

(13-32)

P.3
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
3. The figure shows the graph of y = b x and the graph of y = c x on the same rectangular coordinate
system, where b and c are positive constants. If a horizontal line L cuts the y-axis, the graph of y = b x
and the graph of y = c x at A, B and C respectively, which of the following are true?
I. bc X

II.

III.
bc  1
0
AB
= logb c
AC 0
“
→
v
⽌ x
^ % y" " β""

A. I and II only … =
與
B β

B. I and III only

bi
C. II and III only ⼆

D. I, II and III

g =
β
(14-32)
Y C
logy logbx
=
=

xl logy logc =

前
g
0
=

b logy
β
⼆
⼀

logc
4. The graph in the figure shows the linear relation between x and log9 y . If y = ab , then b = x

A. –2 .
1
B. .
81
1
C. .
2
D. 3.

(16-32)

5. The graph in the figure shows the linear relation between x and
Which of the following must be true?
y.
O
呵 = [o 8 )
{
.

→ x= 0 64
⼀ Y
=

A. y = x − 4x + 8
2 ,

x = 0

B. y = x + 4x + 8
2

何
0 {
=
0
C. y = 4 x 2 − 32 x + 64 x= 4
y
→ , =
0

D. y = 4 x + 32 x + 64
2 x =
4 ( 4. 0

8-
(17-33)
slope
=
= - 2
0 -

( 可1 / =
-

= x + 8 p
=

32 x + 64
Y = 4x -

P.4
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
6. The figure shows the graph of y = log a x and the graph of y = log b x on the same rectangular
coordinate system, where a and b are positive constants. If a vertical line cuts the graph of y = log a x ,
the graph of y = log b x and the x-axis at the points A, B and C
respectively, which of the following is/are true?
I. a  1 v
II. ab ( , ed
d
x
f
AB b
最
e
, df
-

(
III. = log a
.

=
BC a ⼦ .

A. 0
Only I.
logad lognd -
↑

=
B. Only II.
C.
。
Only I and III. lognd
ogad - logad
D. Only II and III.
logab loged logab
⼀ (18-32)
1 :
-

1
-

logod
=
logab -
1
oqaa
7. In the figure, the straight-line L shows the relation between log 4 x and log 4 y . It is given that L
passes through the points (1,2) and (9,6 ) . If y = kx a , then k = =
loga岳
1
A. .
2 “

3 “
B. . 6a )
2
,

C. 2.
X
11 )
8.
2
D. ,

(18-33)

8. The graph in the figure shows the linear relation between log 5 x and log 5 y .

Which of the following must be true?

A. xy = 625
2

B. x y = 625
2

y2
= 625
C. x
y
2
= 625
D. x

(21-34)

P.5
 xtbb ~
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3 ↓ → ( b
-

,
0 )
9. The figure shows the graph of y = a( x + b) 2
, where a and b are constants. Which of the following is
true?
A. a  0 and b  0
λ
open
downuad
a +

( b
-
,
0 )
x
B. a  0 and b  0
。
C. a  0 and b  0
v
D. a  0 and b  0

b> 0

ba -
(12-6)

10. The figure shows the graph of y = −2 x 2 + ax + b , where a and b are constants. The equation of the
axis of symmetry of the graph is
A. x = 2 . 」

0B. x = 3 .
Y = - 2x
2
+ ax -
10
C. x = 5 .

e
D. y = 8 . ……
δ= -
211 ] =+al 1) -

10

G = 1

(13-7)

x = ⼀点
12
x =Ʃ
(2 )
λ =
3
11. The figure shows the graph of y = mx2 + x + n , where m and n are constants. Which of the following
is true?
A. m  0 and n  0 1
B. m  0 and n  0 ㄇ 0
0 C. m  0 and n  0 v
D. m  0 and n  0 v

^ *
dx
y X tbxtc
=

↑ ⼩

(14-5)

P.6
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
12. The figure shows the graph of y = a( x + b)2 , where a and b are constants. Which of the following is
true?
A. a  0 and b  0
B. a  0 and b  0
C. a  0 and b  0
D. a  0 and b  0

(15-8)
alxth
}

k = P +

0
13. If − 1  a  0 , which of the following may represent the graph of y = (ax + 1) 2 + a ?
。

vertex (÷
②
)
☆→
aa
ax + 1 = 0
x =

⼀
-

⼀ 0
θ x

"
(16-9)

Y ( a ( ) +)
=
ta
- uterapl
Y 0

=
1⼗ a > 0

⼩
P.7 -
0 . XXX
 ×+5 0
P
=

Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3 5

vntex 合 , /
qq
X =
-

⼀
⼀
1

l
14. The figure shows the graph of y = ( px + 5) + q , where p
2
⼀

and q are constants. Which of the following is true?

A. p  0 and q  0
B. p  0 and q  0

0
C. p  0 and q  0
D. p  0 and q  0
X

⼀合⼈
o
(f ,
,
q)
(17-9)

15. The figure shows the graph of y = a x and y = b x on the same rectangular coordinate system, where
a and b are positive constants. If the graph of y = a x is the reflection image of the graph of y = b x with
x
respect to the y -axis, which of the following are true?
⽚x Y 3
:
=

I. a 1
II. b  1 。 0
III. ab = 1
“ v
!

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only

0 D. I 、II and III only

(20-33)

16. The figure shows "

' 0
x
← A. the graph of y = 1 + 3 cos
2
.
A
⽘
B. the graph of y = 1 + 3 cos 2 x .
x
C. the graph of y = 4 + 3 cos .
2
0 D. the graph of y = 4 + 3 cos 2 x .
δ ( 80, 17
= 4 + 3 t ⼼ li
)

(12-39)
=
4 + 31
-
11

P.8
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
17. Let h and k be constants. The figure shows the graph of y = h + k tan 2 x , where 0  x   .
Which of the following are true?
I. h0
II. k 0
1
III. tan   =
k
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I , II and III
(13-39)

18. Let k be a positive constant and − 180    180 . If the figure shows the graph of
y = sin( kx +  ) , then
sTnl { )
Y
= x -
30
1 →
\A. k =
2
and  = − .

Y sin ÷ x + 30
X 1
B. k= and  =  . =

2 ( 75 , 0 ) (105.
0 )
X
C. k = 2 and  = − . siu (2 x 30 )
Y
=
-

D. k = 2 and  =  .
} sin ( zx + 30 )
=

(15-39)

19. Let a and b be constants. If the figure shows the graph of y = a cos 2 x , then
A. a = −2 and b = 90 . Y = -
2 ωs 2 x

B. a = −2 and b = 360 .
C. a = 2 and b = 90 .
Y = - 2 以 2x λ

D. a = 2 and b = 360 .

0
9

(16-37)

P.9
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
Solving Equations Using the Graphical Method

Key Points
If the graph of y = f (x) is given, we can solve the equation f ( x) = k , where k is a constant, using the graphical
method. The procedure is as follows:
 y = f ( x)
1. Rewrite the equation as  .
y = k

2. Draw the horizontal line y = k on the given graph of y = f (x) .

3. Find the solutions of f ( x) = k by reading the x-coordinate(s) of

the point(s) of intersection between y = f (x) and y = k .

1. The figure shows the graph of y = f (x) . Solve

f ( x) = −1 graphically.
。
y f (x )
{
Solution =

Y
1
= -

λ= 3
,

2. The figure shows the graph of y = 3x 2 + 3x − 6 . Solve

3x 2 + 3x − 6 = 4 graphically.
Solution 2
3x + 3x -
6
Y
{
=
× X

Y
=
4

x = -

2 4
. or x = 1 .
4

P.10
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3

3. The figure shows the graph of y = 6 x 2 − 12 x + 5 .

8
(a) Rewrite 2 x 2 − 4 x = −1 into the form 6 x 2 − 12 x + 5 = k , where
k is a constant.
(b) Hence, solve the equation 2 x 2 − 4 x = −1 graphically.
Solution
nxnx " g

]s {&
(a) 2x
≥
-

4x = - (b) 9
:
2

6λ -

12 ×=
-

0 30 rx
.
^

6x 12 ×+ 5 x= = 1
2
,
-
=

,
K= 2
4. The figure shows the graph of y = x3 + 2 x 2 − 5 x − 3 .

Solve − 3x 3 − 6 x 2 + 15 x + 12 = 9 graphically.
Solution
3 = →

X + 2x -
5× -

4 =
3

2 2 ↓+ 1

5x 3 2
=λ
+2X
-
- -

,
x=
-

. 4 x= -
0 . 3 x= 1 . 6

 x
5. The figure shows the graph of y = sin   for
2
 x
− 360  x  360 . Solve 4 sin   − 1 = 0
2
for − 360  x  360 graphically.
Solution

4 sin 是 z 1

的兰市
s =

30
{“
得
×= 3000 = x

P.11
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
Solving Inequalities Using the Graphical Method

Key Points
If the graph of y = f (x) is given, we can solve the inequalities f ( x )  k and f ( x )  k , where k is a constant,
using the graphical method. The procedure is as follows:
 y = f ( x)
1. Write down the corresponding simultaneous equations  .
y = k

2. Draw the horizontal line y = k on the given graph of y = f (x) .

3. Determine which part(s) of the graph of y = f (x) give(s) the solutions of the given inequality.
(a) To solve f ( x )  k , find the part(s) of the graph of y = f (x) which lie(s) above the line y = k .
(b) To solve f ( x )  k , find the part(s) of the graph of y = f (x) which lie(s) below the line y = k .

4. Write down the range of values of x that satisfy the given inequality.

Note: When the inequality signs ‘>’ and ‘<’ are replaced by ‘’ and ‘’ respectively, the solutions include the
value(s) of x which satisfy f ( x) = k , i.e. the x-coordinate(s) of the intersection(s) of the graphs.

1. The figure shows the graph of y = f (x) . Solve the

following inequalities graphically.
(a) f ( x)  2
(b) f ( x)  1
Solution
(a)
λ< / or λ s 4

(b)
1 .
4 λ≤ ≤ 3 . 6

P.12
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
2. The figure shows the graph of y = x 3 + x 2 − x + 1 . Solve
the following inequalities graphically.
(a) x 3 + x 2 − x + 1  −1
她
(b) x 3 + x 2 − x + 1  2
⼀

Solution
(a)
λ< -

(b)
入
⼀
or X ≥, 1

3. The figure shows the graph of y = g (x) . Solve the

following inequalities graphically.
(a) 2 g ( x) − 1  5
Y =
3
(b) 3g ( x) + 2  −1
Solution
(a)
36
α
gx )
g (x ) ≥
⾄
∴ λ≤ -

(b) x) <
3
g( 3
-

<
g
(x ) 1
-

: .
No real solution

P.13
Raimondi College S.5 Chapter 3
4. The figure shows the graph of y = tan x for

0  x  540 . Solve 2 − 2 tan x  1 for

0  x  540 graphically.
x
Solution fan θ= 立
- 2fan λ -
θ= 26 60
,

≥
.

Etanx 宝 defmel
w
0 = un

Co 908< 25
3
205270
or x
<≤ 5
x ≤

450 < X ≤ 540

5. The figure shows the graph of y = − x 2 + 2 x − 3 . Solve the following

inequalities graphically.
(a) − 2 x 2 + 4 x  2
0

(b) 3x  6 x
2
¢
Solution
(a) -
λ^+ 2 ×< 1

3-
x +2 x

all ralue of x 1
exapt
=
x
,

'

(b) 3x -

6x ≥ 0
,

↓÷ -

3
-
λ^+ 02
x ≤

+
-

x 2 x-
3

≤ -3

λ≤ 0 o x >
,
, Q

P.14