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(Images From Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2 Edition

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(Images From Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2 Edition

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(Images From Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2 Edition

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sai teja

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Visible Spectrum

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
Image Sensors

Single sensor

Line sensor

Array sensor

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
Image Sensors : Single Sensor

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
Image Sensors : Line Sensor

Computerized Axial Tomography


(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.
Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
Image Sensors : Array Sensor

Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)

w Used for convert a continuous


image into a digital image

w Contains an array of light sensors

w Converts photon into electric charges


accumulated in each sensor unit

CCD KAF-3200E from Kodak.


(2184 x 1472 pixels,
Pixel size 6.8 microns2)
Digital Image Acquisition Process

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
A Simple Image Formation Model

Mathematical representation of monochromatic


images.
– Two dimensional function f(x,y), where f is the gray level
of a pixel at location x and y.
0< f(x,y) <
– The values of the function f at different locations are
proportional to the energy radiated from the imaged
object.
f(x,y)=i(x,y)*r(x,y)
0< i(x,y) <
0 < r(x,y) < 1
i(x,y) : Sun on clear day 90,000 lm/m2

: Sun on cloudy day 10,000 lm/m2


: Full moon 0.1 lm/m2
: Commercial office 1,000 lm/m2

r(x,y) :Black Velvet 0.01


:Stainless Steel 0.65
:Flat-white Wall Paint 0.80
:Silver-plated Metal 0.90
:Snow 0.93
Image Sampling and Quantization

• The output of most sensors is continuous in amplitude


and spatial coordinates.
• Converting an analog image to a digital image require
sampling and quantization
• Sampling: is digitizing the coordinate values
• Quantization: is digitizing the amplitude values
• Nyquist Rate:
• Spatial resolution must be less or equal half of the
minimum period of the image or sampling frequency
must be greater or equal to twice of the maximum
frequency
Generating a Digital Image

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.
Image Sampling and Quantization

Spatial resolution / image resolution: pixel size or number of pixels

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E.


Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.

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