Conditional Sentences (If Conditional) Kalimat pengandaian
❖ Zero conditional
Used for :
1. scientific fact (general truth)
If we heat water to 100°C, it boils.
If clause (condition) main clause (result)
Simple present tense
(+) V1 + (s/es/ies)
(-) (?) do/does, V1
Am/is/are +ANA
2. habits / typical behaviour
If I listen to loud music, I always have a headache.
3. Order / instruction
If he gets there before me, ask him to wait.
4. Advices / guidelines
If you smoke, you get old early.
5. For condition that 100% always has the same result.
All cars stop if they see a red traffic light. (All cars stop when they see a red traffic light.)
In zero conditional sentences, you can replace “if” with “when” because both express general
truth and the meaning will be unchanged
❖ First Conditional
Conditional Type I (future possible condition) ---→ masih mungkin terjadi jika syaratnya terpenuhi
I will come to your party if it does not rain.
Main clause (induk kalimat) If clause (anak kalimat)
will + V1 / be (+) V1 + (s/es/ies)
can + V1 / be (-) (?) do/does, V1
may + V1 / be Am/is/are + ANA
must + V1 /be
present future conditional simple present tense
If we finish the assignment today, we can have a free time tomorrow.
If you do not have any money, you may owe some money from me.
You must study hard if you want to enter favourite university.
I will come to your party if it does not rain.
If … not = unless (jika tidak)
If it does not rain, I will come to your party.
Unless it rains, I will come to your party.
If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon.
If + Subject + simple present + simple present ---→ untuk kebiasaan (habitual action)
If you care of me, don’t tell this problem to father.
If + Subject + simple present + command form (bentuk perintah) ---→ untuk kalimat perintah
(+) Command ---→ V1 + (O) ----→ (open the door !) atau Be + adj ----→ (be diligent !)
(-) command ---→ don’t + V1 + (O) ----→ Don’t cry atau don’t + be + Adj -----→ (don’t’t be lazy)
❖ Second Conditional
Conditonal Type II (Unreal Present Condition / Present Unreal Condition) khayalan/angan2 (imagination)
If I were a bird, I would fly around the world.
(+) V2 would + V1
(-) (?) did, V1 could + V1
were + ANA might + V1
simple past tense past future conditional
Fact : I am not a bird so I will not fly around the world.
Fact : He is lazy so I don’t like him.
If he were not lazy, I would like him.
Conditional sentence without if (“inversion”)
Were he not lazy, I would like him.
He would understand the matter if he were not foolish.
He would understand the matter unless he were foolish.
Write zero, first and second conditional sentences
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. They ... something unless they have enough cash.
a. don't buy b. aren't buy c. isn't buy
6. If you dip red litmus paper into lemon juice, it ... blue.
a. isn't turn b. don't turn c. doesn't turn
7. I have breakfast at home if I ... in a hurry.
a. don't b. doesn't c. am not
8. If there ... no sunlight, plants don't produce fruit.
a. Is b. are c. am
9. If I drink a cup of coffee at night, it ... me awake.
a. Kept b. keep c. keeps
10. The machine starts if you ... the lever on it.
a. Pulls b. pulled c. pull
11. He ... mad if we ask a lot of questions.
a. Get b. gets c. got
12. My sister feels uncomfortable if someone ... eye contact with her.
a. Made b. makes c. make
13. If I ………………………….. stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.
14. If we …………………….. him tomorrow, we'll say hello.
15. If you drop the vase, it …………………………………..
16. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I ……………………….. a driving licence.
17. If she ………………….. him every day, she'd be lovesick.
18. I ………………………….. to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
19. We'd be stupid if we ………………….. him about our secret.
20. I go to the doctor's ……………………………………. (I / not feel) very well.
21. Their teacher gets annoyed …………………………….……………(students / use) their mobile
phones in class.
22. …………………………………….(food / stay) fresh for longer if you put it in the fridge.
