Math 211: MC & LA
Matrix Algebra
Patrick Dwomfuor
Department of Engineering
Ashesi University
August 22, 2022
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 1/6
Lecture Outline
Learning Objectives
Knowing what a matrix entails and its importance.
Studying some matrix operations.
Getting familiar with some terminologies.
Apply some basic concepts of matrices to solve problems.
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 2/6
Definition of a matrix
The term matrix simply means a rectangular array of numbers. A matrix
having m rows and n columns is said to be m × n matrix. A matrix is said
to be a square if it has the same number of rows and columns, that is, if
m = n.
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 3/6
Definition of a matrix
Let aij denote the entry of a matrix A with ith row and jth column. We
an m × n matrix, then
will refer to this entry as the(i, j) entry of A. If A is
a11 a12 . . . a1n
a21 a22 . . . a2n
A= .
.. .. ..
.. . . .
am1 am2 . . . amn
The row vectors of A are given by
ai = ai1 ai2 . . . ain i = 1, 2, . . . , m
The column vectors of A are given by
a1j
a2j
aj = . j = 1, 2, . . . , n
..
amj
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 4/6
Matrix Operations
Matrix Addition & Scalar Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Two m × n matrices A and B are said to equal if aij = bij for each i
and j.
NB: In general, AB 6= BA and if AB = 0 (the zero matrix), it
doesn’t mean either A = 0 or B = 0.
NB: If AB = AC , then it is not true in general that B = C .
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 5/6
Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetries of a Matrix
Patrick Dwomfuor (Department
Math 211:
of MC
Engineering
& LA Ashesi University) August 22, 2022 6/6
