SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCH SUBJECT AREA

COMPLETION OF RESEARCH

Understanding Non-Teaching Staff and Professionals' Perceptions and

Satisfaction towards Services and Remuneration at Ateneo de Manila
University

Yukari Ma. Frances I. Kotake, Althea Kariz D. Lardizabal, Ronaldino Marco L.

Liamzon, Faye Gabrielle V. Quioc, Nash Benedict M. Rey Hipolito, and Miko Jacob T.
Tan

Grade 11-Angelis, Accountancy, Business, and Management Strand

Submitted to the Research Subject Area in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical
Research at the Ateneo de Manila Senior High School, Loyola Heights 1108, Quezon City,
Philippines

April 2023

The authors hereby grant ASHS permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper
and electronic copies of this research manuscript in whole or in part in any medium now
known or hereafter created.

Certified by: ________________________________________________________________

Gabriel Danielle Luiz G. Eslava
Faculty, Research Subject Area
Research Adviser

Accepted by: ________________________________________________________________

Melinda S. Cobar
Coordinator, Research Subject Area
Understanding Non-Teaching Staff and Professionals' Perceptions and
Satisfaction towards Services and Remuneration at Ateneo de Manila
University

Yukari Ma. Frances I. Kotake, Althea Kariz D. Lardizabal, Ronaldino

Marco L. Liamzon, Faye Gabrielle V. Quioc, Nash Benedict M. Rey
Hipolito, and Miko Jacob T. Tan

ABSTRACT

It is a known fact that establishments are heavily reliant on the manpower that its
employees provide to conduct its operations. For this reason, establishments offer a
diverse set of services and benefits to retain employee satisfaction, which is a crucial
component to securing a productive and lucrative business. However, while
enterprises offer a variety of amenities and other forms of compensation to its staff,
the quality of these have been rarely geared towards the needs of its personnel; thus,
affecting the satisfaction and productivity of its employees. That said, this research
paper pursued to understand the perception and satisfaction of Ateneo de Manila
University’s non-teaching staff and professionals regarding the services and
remuneration provided at the university, by measuring this population’s satisfaction
with the university’s amenities and compensation. With that, this report employed the
use of a descriptive quantitative research design to analyze and procure conclusions
from its online survey instrument. In line with this, the instrument itself utilized a
five-point Likert scale that asked participants to choose among five scales of
disagreement and agreement to attain the the target respondents’ satisfaction towards
the following portions: (1) the remuneration package given by the establishment; (2)
food services; (3) health services; and (4) electric jeepney services offered by the
university. The instrument assessed the general caliber of the compensation portion,
whereas it assessed the services on their cost-effectiveness, time-effectiveness, and
adequacy. The median of each data thereof was then gathered for analysis, and
referred to Pimentel’s table, which figure constructed to minimize bias, to verbally
interpret the resulting numerical values. In this, participants from the target population
were selected through convenience sampling, by proximity to the researchers
themselves, gathering a total of eight respondents from non-teaching employees at the
Ateneo Senior High School who were knowledgeable with the services offered at the
university. With that, the results illustrated that non-teaching staff and professionals
were neutral on the remuneration and compensation package that they receive, were
also neutral with the food services, were satisfied with the health services, and were
neutral with the services of the electric jeepneys. The aforementioned interpretations
allowed the research group to construct analyses that will aid the institution of interest
in improving the experiences and satisfaction of non-teaching employees, and
thereafter, the overall business of Ateneo de Manila University. More specifically, the
paper recommends that ADMU conduct necessary research and revisions on its
policies that more accommodate and prioritize the needs of its employees.

Key words: employee satisfaction; non-teaching staff and professionals;

remuneration; services; Ateneo Senior High School; Ateneo de Manila University

2
Introduction

Background of the Study

It is crucial that there is an equilibrium between the needs of non-teaching personnel

since they play a vital role in the running and operation of universities everyday. Therefore,
creating a great employment experience for teachers and staff on several levels is crucial to
the success, survival, and wellbeing of an academic institution (Basso, 2020). This research
paper aims to quantitatively analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and the services
and remuneration offered by Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU).

Job satisfaction is essential for all organizations since it leads employees to work
significantly better, which has a positive impact for their organization, hence improving it.
Subsequently, one of the factors that affect contentment of staff and personnel are adequate
and efficient services, more evidence is conspicuous in a research from Inayat and Khan
(2021) concluding that employees who were satisfied ended up having a greater contribution
towards the organization rather than those who were not satisfied. Not only that, factors such
as compensation, and salary or remuneration play a vital role in the job satisfaction of
employees, as there are the fundamental building blocks in which to supply their needs. A
lack of negative job satisfaction usually leads to a higher likelihood of an employee to quit,
and if not, instead their productivity levels tend to decline.

With the following stated, the researchers have found it imperative to delve deeper
into this topic. Taking the essential steps to thoroughly analyze the correlation between both
job satisfaction and services and remuneration will ultimately benefit the universities as well
as organizations that would want to see the importance of effective services on job
satisfaction. Since the researchers will provide in-depth analysis, research and information on
the services offered by universities in general, as well as job satisfaction and its factors.

Research Question

Having said all that, the research paper aims to apply the aforementioned concepts
specifically to the scene of ADMU and its employees. Hence, it endeavors to answer the
following research question: what is the level of satisfaction exhibited by non-teaching staff
and professionals towards the compensation package and services offered by Ateneo de
Manila University in terms of their time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and adequacy?

Research Objectives

The researchers would like to gain a deeper understanding of the level of satisfaction
exhibited by non-teaching staff and professionals of the Ateneo Senior High School (ASHS)
towards the services and remuneration offered by the institution. This specifically on food
services, electric jeepneys, and health services, as well as in consideration of the different
benefits and remunerations given by the university, by measuring the satisfaction levels of
this pop

Scope and Limitations

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 This research study is bound to only surveying the perceptions and insights from
non-teaching employees directly employed by ADMU, at the ASHS. Because they are
knowledgeable enough to meet the survey's requirements and because they earn the
remuneration the school offers, the researchers decided to focus their investigation on
non-teaching staff as their participants. The non-teaching staff is an area the researchers
would like to concentrate on since, when people think of university employees, they typically
assume that teachers are the only ones who work there and that non-teaching personnel is
overlooked. Because professional learning communities are known to be successful in
enhancing teacher cooperation and student achievement, the fact that the customers of the
aforementioned company, namely the students, frequently interact with teachers serves as
evidence of this (Hallam et. al). They were chosen for this study as respondents by the senior
high school researchers. They may have had some biases regarding their satisfaction because
they only cover a portion of the institution and not the entire one, which may have had a
significant impact on the precision and accuracy of the results. However, because they are
typically the only ones who are in the vicinity of the Senior High School Campus, there may
have been some biases with regard to their satisfaction. Due to the fact that the given services
are open to the entire institution and not just the Senior High School, the researchers may be
able to mitigate this from happening by applying specific criteria which will be further
discussed or specified in the profile of the participants.

Furthermore, this study will aim to determine the overall satisfaction of this target
population, regarding only the remuneration and compensation package that they have
received at the point of answering the survey instrument. Moreover, it will also aim to
determine the overall satisfaction of this target population, regarding only the food, health,
and electric jeepney services offered by the university, and its general quality in terms of their
time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and adequacy. In accordance with its objectives, the
present investigation is bound to only construct analyses and interpretations based on the
results of the median satisfaction levels of its instrument’s participants, which have been
stated in the study’s discussion and analysis. By doing so, the paper takes into account the
high margin of error associated with its small sample size, and the sampling method utilized.
Convenience sampling, in essence, is heavily vulnerable to selection bias, which is further
expounded in the investigation’s sampling method and discussion. Thus, drawing
generalizations from the gathered data will be avoided by the present study. With that said,
the study has also been bound to several limitations. Firstly, (1) being the time constraint of
our group in gathering the data. Consequently, the (2) lack of accessibility and exposure to
the target population. Having said these, the researchers found it logical to assign the study’s
target amount of respondents at ten (10) participants, to accommodate the limitations stated
above.

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. The Relationship between the Satisfaction Levels

of Employees on Service Quality and Remuneration of Ateneo de Manila University

This conceptual framework deals with the correlation of perceived quality of

ADMU’s services and remuneration and its impact on employee satisfaction. This paper aims
to investigate this by determining the satisfaction level of non-teaching staff and
professionals, to form analyses that the university may utilize in conducting policy review
and revisions. Due to certain limitations, this study will only examine perceptions towards
health services, food services, and electric jeepney services based on the convenience and
quality of services in terms of time, cost and adequacy. It will also examine the perceptions
and level of satisfaction of staff and professionals towards the benefits offered by the
university. The survey instrument will primarily focus on gathering insights of non-teaching
staff and professionals, drawing respondents using convenience sampling from employees of
the ASHS. With these, this paper will aim to determine the level of satisfaction that
non-teaching staff have towards the services and remunerations offered by ADMU.

5
Review of Related Literature

Remuneration Given

Each and every employee's career includes compensation. According to a study

conducted by Uwimpuhwe et al. (2018), it was discovered that managing the attraction and
retention of competent personnel depends in part on the remuneration structure. A key
strategy for attaining an organization's competitive edge is for managers to recruit and keep
competent and qualified people. Because of this, one of the general strategies that businesses
employ to retain valued employees is through presenting benefits such as salary increases,
bonuses, and the such.

Salary and Bonuses

Regarding salary, it is one of the basic key factors in a rise in job satisfaction.
According to a study by Iqbal et al. (2017), wages play a considerable role in determining
how long workers stay at their jobs. The likelihood that an employee will remain loyal to a
company increases with the level of compensation offered. When workers receive proper and
justified compensation, they are more likely to be motivated and productive. As job
productivity rises, it can significantly benefit the business itself as well as the workers'
motivation to work there and their performance to work efficiently. Salary may have a
favorable impact on a company's performance and the reputation of its brand rooted through
the influence of work satisfaction (Aziri, 2011). However, an article by Lee et al. (2017)
stated that pay can affect one’s workforce or workload, which can lead to employee stress.
These can lead to burnouts and increased pressure to perform well in order to get the desired
remuneration which can deeply affect one’s mental health (Teresa et al., 2014). Hence, it is
clear to say that salary and additional pay can affect the productivity and well-being of an
employee.

Allowances

One factor to take into account when assessing employee satisfaction is the allowance
that the company provides for them. In a study by Manurung (2021), a questionnaire to
collect the data was distributed to 80 employees in hopes to determine the effects of rewards,
incentives, and welfare allowance on employee morale or satisfaction. They were able to
conclude based on the data that these do indeed boost and affect employee satisfaction
positively. Additionally, a journal article by Mudhofar (2021) sought to examine the effect of
performance allowance as a factor of motivation, employees’ work achievement and
organizational performance. Winded up concluding that “the improvement of organization
performance is highly determined by the level of work achievement. Work achievements
supported by performance allowance and work motivation.” Thus, it justifies the importance
of supplying an employee the right amount of allowance as these play a big role in not only
directly improving an organization or company but also both employees’ satisfaction and
performance.

Complimentary Utilities

The workplace also plays an important role in the satisfaction of employees. In line
with the findings of Davidescu et al. (2020), one of the factors that staff consider in assessing
their environment is the availability and quality of complimentary utilities such as on-hand

6
water, internet, and such. Regarding internet connectivity, it is essential nowadays that a
company is able to supplement their employees with fast and efficient internet access. With
the rapid growth of technology it has changed the way many workplaces revolve, and has
become a fundamental necessity for not only employees but the business as a whole, making
it very important. Moreover, it is stated in a journal article by Yousaf et al. (2014), that a
workplace environment that is lacking and inadequate when it comes to resources or such as
poor ventilation, spacing, ergonomics, lighting and air conditioning can lead to anxiety and
decrease productivity, which is why it is essential to provide employees with adequate and
beneficial working conditions, because this paves the way towards ensuring sustainable
development and efficiency within the company and towards positive employee satisfaction.

Health Card

Medical emergencies are bound to happen at any given time and place. With that, the
use of a health card under health insurance is one of the necessities given to an employee to
ensure their safety within their jobs. According to an article published by Bupa (2022), a
health card is essentially an indication that health risks are taken care of. It includes all
pertinent information, such as the name of the insured person, birth date, policy serial
number, amount covered, etc. Accessing all policy information is quick and easy with such a
card. In the event of a medical emergency, one may always verify the total amount covered
with a health card, making this card very useful to its holders.

Pension

A pension is a plan that covers employee benefits that obligates the employer to
contribute on a regular basis to a fund that is set aside to pay eligible employees after
retirement. The two primary types of pension plans include the defined benefit and defined
contribution; where the defined benefit plan assures a predetermined monthly payment and
the defined contribution plan on the other hand provides a growing investment account for
the employee to use during their employment.

Services Offered

Universities offer various kinds of services to cater to the students and employees,
some of which include health services, food services, and transportation. These said services,
along with many others, uniformly aim to make the lives of students and employees easier
when on campus. According to research, the installment of various services and facilities
aimed to improve the performance of both students and employees alike in one way or
another.

Health Services

As published by the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors (2018), health

related services in schools were implemented to protect the health of students and staff in
order to maximize both groups’ capabilities in terms of their productivity, learning and
behavior. According to the Internet Public Library (n.d.), health services are beneficial to
schools because they provide free health care to both students and staff. It is said that
someone’s health condition and/or lifestyle can greatly affect the productivity and work
performance of a person (Mitchell & Bates, 2011). Thus, enabling them to function more

7
efficiently in their day to day lives. However, an additional investigation by Tyack (1992)
deduced that health services in schools have continuously experienced a lack of manpower to
support the certain services required to benefit students and employees. Because of the lack
of resources, oftentimes universities can only serve a limited number of people and have a
limited number of health-related amenities within campus (Tyack, 1992).

Food services

Moreover, food services such as canteens and cafeterias are widely-available

amenities that have historically been offered to those who neither have the time nor resources
to prepare meals at home. However, much has changed since the advent of the COVID-19
Pandemic. Naturally, food hygiene is vital to ensure those who consume it do not obtain any
negative side-effects such as illness and food poisoning (Djekic et al., 2013). Because of this,
school cafeterias have opted to either close, or stay in operation with just more regulations to
protect the safety of students and university personnel (WPRI, 2020). On the instance that
academic institutions have opted to close their tables, schools have enforced grab-and-go
systems which no longer allow students nor employees to eat inside cafeterias (Fu, 2020).
More than these, changes to the overall prices and how schools provide and deliver food to
its clients have also been observed. For the latter option, where establishments have chosen
to stay open, they are required by government policies to implement protocols wherein
students and personnel are told to practice social distancing, wearing of facemask, and proper
sanitation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). Generally, the recent
pandemic has paved the way for further degradation in service quality and inconvenience for
academic institutions.

Electric Jeepney Services

As for transportation, universities which have especially extensive square grounds

have recently started providing options for navigation within campus. To state an example,
ADMU implemented an electric jeepney shuttle system, also known as E-Jeeps, in order to
help students and employees get around the campus easier and faster. Consequently reducing
congestion inside and outside the campus (CNN Philippines, 2018). The addition of
transportation services greatly minimize congestion inside the campus thus reducing travel
time going around the campus (FHWA, 2002). The electric jeepney also reduces the carbon
footprint inside the campus, making it sustainable and environmentally friendly (Sustainable
Commuting in Ateneo, 2021). Although, transportation services are not exempt from
concerns, as issues regarding adequacy, cost, and the allotted schedule of university offered
services have been raised by students and personnel alike (Bueno et al., 2017). As a criterion
for an adequate transportation service, major stakeholders typically consider safety concerns
and reliability when the transportation arrives at a specific stop. As a result, neglecting these
criteria may result in a decrease in customer satisfaction and the overall brand image (Eboli
& Mazzulla, 2009).

Because services have such a considerable effect on students and employees, it is

essential to survey and inquire about these services to better understand whether the services
provided by a university are beneficial to the major stakeholders of that university. This has
been summarized by Rössler (2012) in a statement concluding that factors that lead to stress
and job dissatisfaction include the lack of positive feedback, low salary and poor working
environment. This will inevitably help to improve the quality of services offered.

8
Job Satisfaction

Human resources are the most important and valuable resources for the development
of the company since they can change their performance and act as the main method of
achieving goals. The most effective utilization of all the variables influencing production or
service delivery is necessary to boost an organization's efficiency and productivity. Prange &
Pinho (2017) contend that while human resources are an essential part of any business,
effectiveness and the productivity of the organization also depend on the performance of the
organization's staff. A worker's mental outlook, which includes their feelings about their
position and the employer's business, is referred to as job satisfaction. It is affected by any
physiological, psychological, and environmental event, as stated by Hoppock (1935).
Additionally, it is a positive emotional state that arises from upholding one's professional
ideals (Cronley & Kim, 2017).

Influencing Factors of Job Satisfaction

There are numerous factors that should be taken into consideration with regards to
employees’ job satisfaction. In a research that tackles the impacts of job satisfaction on
employee turnover concluded that not only do employees need to be satisfied with their jobs
but also need, training in order for them to be able to do the tasks they need to finish,
mentoring from their superiors so that they can be guided in the right direction, a positive
culture which encourages honesty, a positive outlook, respect from each other, teamwork
within the company and excellence. Hence, in summary this means that one of the factors to
be considered for job satisfaction is a good working environment. The same study also
offered suggestions for how a business can aid employees in feeling satisfied with their jobs.
These suggestions included providing more job benefits so that they feel valued for their
work, offering promotions that include more than just a new role to encourage competition
and improvement, ensuring job security within the business by keeping staff members
informed of the company's financial situation, and others (Jalagat et al., 2017).

In research, it was provided in the recommendations that a company can help its
employees achieve job satisfaction in the means of, giving more job benefits so that the
employees feel compensated for their work in the company, offer more opportunities and
new roles when promoting so that the employees become more competitive and strive to do
better, making sure that their is job security within the company through informing the
employees what state the company is in and strengthening the relationship between the
employees especially in working as a team and solving problems as a team and giving more
opportunities for the employees to grow through various means such as the use of mentoring
programs (Jalagat et al., 2017).

Impact of Job Satisfaction in Employees

The positive and negative perceptions of someone about the characteristics of one's
employment influence one's general attitude toward their work, which is a behavioral
phenomena known as job satisfaction. It is regarded as a psychological component and as a
form of emotional acclimatization to the position and the employment circumstances. In
other words, if the employment in consideration makes the person pleased, then they are
happy with their job. On the other hand, if the desired job does not deliver the anticipated
fulfillment and delight the next day, the individual starts to despise their work and seeks to
replace it (Shooshtarian et al., 2013).

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 It was discovered in a research study that in between job satisfaction and employees’
performance, there is a constructive and notable relationship in them. Since it is revealed that
in one of the studies, employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to quit
their jobs. According to the majority of experts, organizational culture is crucial to an
organization's success and the development of its human resources because it strongly affects
employees' behavior and mental health. Problems and conflicts arise during the process of
adjusting to organizational culture whenever there is a significant contradiction between
employee ideals and standards and the culture of the organization. This lowers job
satisfaction, which in turn lowers organizational productivity (Abdulkhaliq & Mohammadali,
2019).

One of the most crucial factors in the study of organizational behavior is job
satisfaction because every organization has unique objectives that make up its existential
philosophy. The loss in performance, both quantitatively and qualitatively, is one of the key
effects of job discontent. Naturally, this could have repercussions, for instance; extended
absences, irregular entry and exit, underemployment, and inaccuracies, all of which would be
detrimental to performance. This suggests that it is unrealistic to expect people who
experience extreme job stress as a result of being unsatisfied with their jobs to work
effectively when they are happy and stress-free. Moreover, according to Singhal et al. (2016)
that career advancement, motivation, work environment, and self-satisfaction are the
fundamental elements of job satisfaction that this study has identified. Belongingness, job
participation, and organizational commitment were found to be the underlying components of
employee loyalty in this study.

Employees are encouraged to enjoy their experiences while still being content with
their jobs, which results in lower stress levels (Bakotić, 2016). Furthermore, contented
workers frequently have a favorable opinion of their workplace. This upbeat mindset within
the business or organization is what improves employee performance and business operations
as a whole (Khalaf et al., 2019). Employee productivity and the effectiveness of the entire
organization can both increase when employees are ready to shoulder their share of the
burden of resolving organizational issues.

Research Methods

Research Design

Recognizing the aim of the study to gain a deeper understanding of non-teaching staff
and professionals’ satisfaction towards remuneration and service quality, the paper employed
the properties of the descriptive quantitative research as a way to investigate the connection
thereof. Satisfaction, in itself, is an abstract concept—pursuing to measure such a variable
requires the need of quantitative values to garner substantial conclusions and synthesis. These
numerical data were gathered through the use of an online survey, with participants chosen
via convenience sampling at the ASHS. Regarding the contents of the research instrument,
the survey was designed to gather data within four (4) portions using a five-point Likert
scale: the compensation package, food services, health services, and electric jeepney services.
The survey gauged the overall satisfaction of willing and available participants for the
different forms of remuneration, and measured the four services using the three standards of
time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and adequacy. From the ratings given by the

10
participants, the median of which was computed for final analyses. The instrument then also
inquired the profile of each participant, with regards to their respective ages, income, work
experience, and primary location. Therefore, amounting to a total of 22 questions. This
research instrument was then disseminated over the course of two weeks, from the third and
fourth week of March 2023, with the aim of attracting ten (10) willing participants due to the
limitations present in this investigation. Hence, garnering a total of eight (8) responses.

Profile of the Participants

The participants of this study included the non-teaching staff and professionals of the
Senior High School department of ADMU who are living primarily in the National Capital
Region, l. Based on the data gathered from personal inquiry to the department’s offices, there
are a total of thirty-seven (37) employees in the ASHS that were directly employed by
ADMU. These personnel range in the ages between twenty-five to fifty-nine (25-59) years
old and earn a minimum monthly income of at least five thousand to twenty thousand (5,000
- 20,000) pesos. Additionally, the selected participants were qualified in the following
criteria: (1) must qualify as either a non-teaching staff or professional; (2) must be directly
employed by the university, and not through third-party agencies; (3) must be knowledgeable
with regard to the external services limited to health, food, and electric jeepney services; (4)
has experience or has utilized at least two of the selected external services that the researchers
will be concentrating on which are the health, food, and electric jeepney services; (5) has
received a salary and/or remuneration at least once. These criteria were constructed to ensure
that the respondents have the necessary knowledge and experience to provide efficient
information to the study. Furthermore, job experience and knowledge in a certain industry are
vital since employees are aware of their working environment (Guile & Griffiths, 2001). The
researchers decided to conduct a study on these respondents as they conform with the focus
of the study which will help the researchers obtain the proper and accurate data needed to
validate their study.

Sampling Methods

This study aims to collect the insights of participants from ADMU’s non-working
staff and professionals in the senior high school department. For this, the investigator will
employ the use of convenience sampling. According to Etikan et al. (2015), convenience
sampling is a type of non-probability sampling that qualifies participants based on an
empirical standard such as willingness, accessibility, and availability. It is further explained
that this particular system is most commonly utilized when the population of target
respondents is considerably finite, wherein sizable amounts of time and money are necessary
to acquire feasible data.

With these stated, it is imperative to note that convenience sampling is heavily

vulnerable to selection bias due to the high margin of error associated with this method of
sampling (Etikan et al., 2015). This is further reflected by the 27% margin of error present in
this study, by implementing the values of a 95% confidence level, 37 in total population, and
10 in sample size in Slovin’s formula. Seeing the high margin of error, it must be stated that
the findings garnered from this study do not accurately represent the insights of the whole
population of non-teaching staff and employees. Nevertheless, the data and information

11
gathered helped to conclude the findings are valid as the questions which the respondents
answered are related and help uphold the study.

In consideration of the aforementioned statements, the investigators chose to utilize

the method in question because of the limitations of this respective study. The population of
employees in the ASHS is thirty-seven (37) staff and professionals. Given this and the
constraints in time and availability involved in the line of work of non-teaching staff and
professionals, the researchers found that employing a sample size gathered from a formula,
such as Slovin’s formula, would not be achievable. That being said, the investigators justified
and have set the sample size for this research to only ten (10) non-teaching staff and
professionals, because of the aforementioned limitations bounding the study. After having
disseminated the survey instrument to the selected (10) non-teaching staff and professionals,
there were only eight (8) respondents, which further supports the limitations stated within the
investigation.

Location of the Study

The researchers will be executing the study in the area of the National Capital Region
(NCR), also known as Metro Manila. It is the most concentrated and densely populated city
region in the Philippines, with a population of over thirteen million people (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2021). More specifically, the researchers will hold their study in the area
of the Ateneo De Manila University, also known as ADMU, where the external services such
as the food services, electric jeepneys, and health services that we wish to understand how the
major stakeholders in the university perceive it.

Loyola Heights in Quezon City, Metro Manila, is where its main campus is situated.
The NCR, where the campus is located, is home to ADMU, where the researchers' target
participants are also located. This university is a private institution of higher learning
operated by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. Additionally, it is a school that has a good
reputation, campus characteristics, quality education, and a diverse population thus giving the
researchers a more informative and valid study (Ateneo de Manila University, n.d.).

Given that Ateneo is a prestigious university, its external services are notoriously
expensive and limited. Expounding on this, there were certain instances where the food
bought was inadequate or lacking for its price. Finally, Ateneo's health and electric jeepney
services are free, but have limited slots and manpower, such as the E-Jeep having six vehicles
only (Rappler, 2019).

With the information given, there is a need for more cost-effective and adequate
services for major stakeholders' accessibility. With that, conducting the research in Metro
Manila, specifically in ADMU, will provide the researchers with a more informative paper.

Research Instruments

As per the objectives of this study, this investigation aimed to analyze data through a
descriptive quantitative method by identifying the satisfaction levels of non-teaching staff
and employees on remuneration and service quality. The researchers employed online survey
questionnaires administered through the use of Google Forms. The data gathered thereof
were then inputted into a spreadsheet in Jamovi. This is a statistical software that researchers

12
often utilize in order to efficiently acquire different forms of statistical data such as central
tendencies like mean, median and modes (Jamovi, n.d.). The features found within this
software allow investigators to quickly compute information and easily see trends and
outliers found within their data.

As Trinidad (2018) stated, questionnaires are generally more efficient and less time
consuming, which are qualities that are particularly preferable given the large population of
this study’s participants. However, because this instrument was voluntary in its approach, one
of the limitations that this study faced was the risk of a low response rate. Due to these, URLs
directing to the finalized Google Forms were pasted in various social media platforms such as
Facebook and Reddit. These specific platforms have an abundance of social groups catered to
members of ADMU, making them ideal mediums of exposure for the study. Additionally,
copies of the survey form were disseminated along campus through QR codes to maximize
contact with the target respondents and consequently maximize response rate.

In light of this investigation’s research objectives and questions, the survey chose to
focus on the perceptions of non-teaching staff on three distinct variables: the (1)
time-effectiveness, (2) cost-effectiveness, and (3) adequacy of health, food, dormitory, and
electronic jeepney services. In this study, the researchers defined time-effectiveness as how
successfully or how well a certain service utilized time to get the desired results for the
participant. To further clarify, the survey gauged if the service or amenity in question was
able to provide its clients the required outcome while allowing them to save time. This
concept is as follows for the second component; the survey aimed to measure if the specific
amenity provided quality results while maintaining the lowest possible cost and expense for
the stakeholder. As for the third variable, adequacy was simply referred to as the sufficiency
of facilities to render quality service to its clients.

All three variables were measured and analyzed through the Likert scale, which is a
system that provides five possible answers from a five point scale that is used to regulate the
level of agreement and disagreement of an individual based on a decided subject (Trinidad,
2018). Adapted from McLeod (2008), the points utilized in this study were as follows: (1)
strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) neutral, (4) agree, and (5) strongly agree. This was applied
for every variable in each of the four external services. Likewise, this system was also
employed to establish non-teaching staff’s level of satisfaction toward the selected services.

Basing the structure of the survey itself from Wong et al. (2012), the Google Form
was divided into five main sections: (1) introductory portion, (2) consent form, (3)
questionnaire, (4) demographics, and (5) appreciation.

The introductory portion served to give the respondents a gist of the study, necessary
instructions, and the contact information of researchers should the participants find
themselves in need of clarifications regarding the survey. In addition, the consent form
preserved the choice of the individuals to participate and contribute private data to the
findings of the study.

Next, the questionnaire section was divided into four subsections: one for the
compensation package, which contained three questions to gauge respondents' levels of
satisfaction with the salaries, bonuses, and other benefits they receive in exchange for their
labor; one for the amount of allowances; and one for the perks or benefits they receive; all of
these questions were designed to gauge respondents' levels of satisfaction in terms of the

13
remuneration; and one for each of the decided external services consisting of three to four
(3-4) questions each. The food services were one of the external services specified in the
survey, which sought to gauge respondents' overall satisfaction with this service in terms of
the institution's ability to provide it efficiently and affordably. The next external service listed
was healthcare, which included a question about the respondents' level of satisfaction with
the accessibility, convenience, and adequacy of the health services. The electric jeepneys that
are available inside the Ateneo campus were the final outside aspect listed. The purpose of
this part of the survey was to gauge how satisfied the employees were with this service in
terms of time efficiency, financial efficiency, and the service's ability to serve the
non-teaching personnel.

Following that, the demographic component gathered the profile of the respondents
regarding their age, work experience, income, and primary location. Finally, the last section
of the survey served as a letter of appreciation, which additionally provided a designated
reference number for the following raffle to be conducted as compensation for their
participation. That being said, the final survey determined a set of twenty-two (22)
close-ended and open-ended questions that revolved around asking the respondents their
rating on how adequate and efficient are the services and remuneration offered by the Ateneo
de Manila University based on their current experience with these services.

Implementation and Data Collection

Figure 2. Flowchart of Research Data Collection

14
 The researchers’ main objective is to collect primary data from the company’s
selected group of major stakeholders. This will be achieved through a descriptive quantitative
analysis that will aim to determine the level of satisfaction that non-teaching staff of ADMU
have towards the external services provided to them. With that said, this methodology aims to
conduct this investigation through four processes: gathering, sorting, analysis and
finalization, and disposal of raw data.

In order to gather the raw data needed to direct this study, the group of researchers
will first communicate with the Human Resource Offices of each department in the basic
education sector of the university and inquire for the head count or population of
non-teaching personnel. Once the researchers have finalized their intended participant count,
they will write to each department asking for the emails of all non-teaching employees and
assuring them of the confidentiality of the information that will be provided to the
researchers. Afterwards, they will reach out and send an official letter inviting them to
respond to a survey on how satisfied they are with the institution's meals, health, dormitories,
and electronic jeepney services.

Any data that is not eligible or relevant for the study based on the specified criteria or
demography will be eliminated by the researchers once the surveys have been completed by
the desired number of participants. The remainder of the data will subsequently be arranged
using the systematic random sampling procedure. The systematic random sampling method is
a technique that randomly chooses a number that does not exceed the remaining participants
and determines the subsequent information to be used based on a specified interval (Sharma,
2017). This procedure is required to guarantee that the information gathered by the group
from the survey is pertinent and will deliver the most precise and effective collection of data
required for the study.

The group's next step will be to conduct a descriptive quantitative analysis of the
existing data that they had collected using the systematic random sampling approach after
obtaining the pertinent data for the study. The researchers are certain that by using a
descriptive quantitative analysis to gauge participants' satisfaction with the external services
offered, they would be able to determine their objectives and obtain the answers to their
research questions. Following that, the research team will need to compile or gather their
findings or conclusions.

Finally, in order to fix any contradictions in the study, the researchers will
subsequently finalize the entire research project. In doing so, the researchers will make sure
that the paper is conveyed to its target audience in a clear, concise, and coherent manner to its
intended audience. As a final course of action, the researchers will discard the private
information of the participants, corresponding to the letter and consent forms given before the
launch of the surveys.

Data Analysis

The data collected from the survey instrument was analyzed employing the use of
quantitative descriptive analysis. According to Mbuva (n.d.), either an observational research
or survey research approaches can be used in this type of research. With that, the survey was
based on a five-point Likert scale, aiming to quantize the satisfaction levels of respondents
regarding specific questions. For this specific study, a total number of eight (8) participants

15
were asked to rate remuneration and services using the corresponding numerical values: 1 for
Strongly Disagree; 2 for Disagree; 3 for Neutral; 4 for Agree; and 5 for Strongly Agree.

The frequency of these responses was then tallied, and inputted in a spreadsheet in
Jamovi. Using the features within the software, the researchers were able to gather the
median of each question, and obtain the overall median of satisfaction level for each
component of the survey. In line with this, the paper chose the median as its central tendency
to analyze since the research instrument utilizes the five-point Likert Scale. By asking
participants to rate their satisfaction in a specified order of Strongly Disagree, Disagree,
Neutral, Agree, and Strongly Agree, the paper maintains the qualities of ordinal data. In
accordance with the findings of Manikandan (2011), the median is the best central tendency
to utilize for ordinal data because of the fact that it acquires the middle value for the results of
each aspect. More than these, the median is also unaffected by distortion or any skewed data.
Thus, the researchers found it best to utilize the median of its numerical results to use as
foundation for its findings.

These numerical values were further translated into verbal interpretation by basing
these on a table procured from the finding of Pimentel (2010), which provides a standard to
base median values on a specific satisfaction scale, as seen in the data results and analysis.
These interpretations were then used to formulate conclusions and other inferences
necessitated by the study.

With the need of having a medium to easily digest the data gathered and results
thereof, the paper displayed these findings using tables and graphs. Doing so allowed the
researchers to easily identify any trends within the data at hand. Possible factors that may
have contributed to the findings of the instrument were discussed in the discussion and
analysis section. These were then synthesized in the following paragraphs within the
discussion and analysis.

Ethical Considerations

Due to the conditions of our study, it is essential that we abide by a set of principles to
ensure the safety and rights of the research participants as well as the integrity of the
research. The set of ethical considerations that we will be following are mainly from a journal
article by Farrugia (2019). First and foremost, to uphold the integrity of the research and
ensure the rights of the research participants, we will be respecting our participants by
treating them as no other than us, meaning they have the freedom to create their own views
and thoughts with regard to the topic that will be discussed.

On top of that, the participants have the right to either accept or decline to participate
in the research, making it completely voluntary. Informed consent forms will be included in
the google forms that will be given out, to determine whether or not they will participate by
answering the form containing important information which is reliable and significant to the
research, such as the research objectives and what is expected to happen if they do choose to
participate. This ensures that the chosen participants are indeed willing to participate in the
research. Consequently, in the event they would want to withdraw from the research they
would be allowed to do so at any given time.

16
 Additionally, we will be ensuring confidentiality and anonymity by firstly not giving
out the information that may be obtained through the study unless the participants give us
permission to do so. Moreover, we will be taking precautions to assure that confidentiality is
upheld which can be done through not sharing information and by password-protecting the
files that contain the information. Anonymity will be further sustained by disguising the
identity which can be done using pseudonyms and abolishing any further identifiers. Lastly
we will also be stating how long we will be storing the data, which will be disposed of after
the completion of our research.

Finally, as a result of their time to take the survey with us and provide valuable
information, we will be giving a fair compensation. Following completion of the survey, each
participant will be assigned a number that will automatically qualify them for the raffle that
the group will be holding. If they are fortunate enough, five (2) participants will be chosen
from two rounds of raffles. Each of these five participants will receive a gift certificate worth
two hundred (200) pesos from the researchers. To ensure transparency, the draw lots will be
conducted using Google's Spin the Wheel, and this information will be recorded.

Results and Discussions

Data Results and Analysis

To analyze the responses gathered from the research instrument, the investigation
utilized the findings of Pimentel (2010), in his article entitled “A note on the usage of Likert
Scaling for research data analysis.” This article mainly focuses on how to analyze data
gathered from using five-point Likert Scales, with varying levels of disagreement and
agreement. According to Pimentel (2010), data derived from the use of the Likert Scale can
be effectively examined through interval measurements. The table below was extracted from
the interval levels suggested by Pimentel’s research, assigning a corresponding modal range
to a specific response for interpretation. In his paper, Pimentel justified the application of this
table through the finding that these particular ranges limit the bias that may be of threat to the
validity of the study.

Response to Given Statement Corresponding Median Value

Strongly Disagree 1.00 - 1.79

Disagree 1.80 - 2.59

Neutral 2.60 - 3.39

Agree 3.40 - 4.19

Strongly Agree 4.20 - 5.00

Figure 3. Pimentel’s Table.

After disseminating the survey, the instrument gathered 16 respondents from

non-teaching staff and professionals of the Senior High School department of ADMU who
are living primarily in the National Capital Region. Furthermore, out of the sixteen target
respondents, only a total of eight employees answered the said form. To obtain the response

17
rate the researchers used the formula ((of the number of completed surveys / the number of
total respondents who were invited) x 100), resulting in a response rate of 50%. The
questions that were asked for the first part of the survey (Compensation Package) were also
labeled into the rating in which the respondents answered. However, it is necessary to note
that in the pursuit of preserving the ethics of the study, the researchers chose to disregard a
particular function of the instrument’s medium, which was to require participants to answer
specific items within the questionnaire–doing so left some questions blank for some of the
received responses. Nevertheless, the replies to each question or lack thereof were still taken
into analysis. That being said, the relationship between each question asked for the
Compensation Package to the respondent's satisfaction rating is seen below.

Compensation Package

Frequency Median Verbal

Interpretation
Questions 1 2 3 4 5

I am satisfied with the salary and 0 2 2 3 0 3 Neutral

bonuses I receive given my work
efforts.

[Kuntento na ako sa suweldo at mga

bonus na natatanggap ko dahil sa
pagsisikap ko sa trabaho].

I am satisfied with the benefits/perks 0 1 3 3 1 3.5 Agree

(free internet, free water and etc.) that
I've been provided by the Ateneo given
my work efforts.

[Kuntento na ako sa mga

benepisyo/perks (libreng internet,
libreng tubig atbp.) na ibinigay sa akin
ng Ateneo dahil sa aking pagsisikap sa
trabaho].

I am satisfied with the amount of 0 1 6 1 0 3 Neutral

allowance that I receive from the
university.

[Kuntento na ako sa laki ng sustento na

ibinibigay ng unibersidad sa akin].

Overall Median for the Level of 0 4 11 7 1 3 Neutral

Satisfaction for the Compensation
Package

Figure 4. Compensation Package

From the figures above, it can be observed that most of the responses were neutral in
that they were satisfied with the amount of salary and bonuses that they received from the
administration. Not only that, most of them also agreed that they were satisfied with the
benefits that the university offers with regards to the complimentary utilities within its
facilities. However, most of them were also neutral with the allowance that ADMU offers

18
them. Calculating the median of the data collected, the results showed that the sample was
neutral with their satisfaction towards the amount of salary and bonuses offered by the
institution. More than that, the sample also agreed that they were satisfied with the benefits
and perks extended by their positions as staff and professionals of the university. Finally, the
median of the participants’ data reflected neutrality regarding the allowance provided by the
establishment to its employees.

Food Services

Frequency Median Verbal

Interpretation
Questions 1 2 3 4 5

I am satisfied with the time saved by 1 3 2 0 2 2.5 Disagree

getting food from the canteens and
cafeterias of Ateneo instead of going to
restaurants out of campus.

[Kuntento na ako sa oras na natipid sa

pagkuha ng pagkain sa mga canteen at
karinderya ng Ateneo sa halip na
pumunta sa mga restaurant sa labas ng
campus.]

I am satisfied with the prices of the 0 2 4 2 0 3 Neutral

food offered by the food services of
Ateneo.

[Kuntento na ako sa mga presyo ng

pagkaing inaalok ng food services ng
Ateneo.]

I am satisfied with the adequacy of the 0 3 2 2 1 3 Neutral

food services to accommodate the
number of employees.

[Ako ay kuntento sa kasapatan ng mga

serbisyo ng pagkain upang
mapaunlakan ang bilang ng mga
empleyado.]

I am satisfied with the overall food 0 1 3 3 1 3.5 Agree

services offered in the university.

[Kuntento ako sa pangkalahatang mga

serbisyo ng pagkain na inaalok sa
unibersidad.]

Overall Median for the Level of 1 9 9 7 4 3 Neutral

Satisfaction for Food Services

Figure 5. Food Services

19
 With these, most of the non-teaching staff and professionals disagreed with the
time-effectiveness of the food services offered by Ateneo. This may be attributed to the
accessibility of the food services to students and other staff which in return may cause long
lines thus making it less time-effective. More so, most of the responses leaned towards
neutrality involving the cost-effectiveness of this group of services. Following that, the
respondents most frequently disagreed with the number of facilities that ADMU provides its
employees. That said, the median of the data showed that the sample disagreed with the
time-effectiveness of food services, neutral about its cost-effectiveness and adequacy, and
generally agreed with the overall quality of the food services. This makes the overall
satisfaction toward this particular service, neutral, for the participants involved with the
research instrument.

Health Services

Frequency Median Verbal

Interpretation
Questions 1 2 3 4 5

I am satisfied with the overall 0 0 2 2 4 5 Strongly Agree

accessibility and convenience of the
health services of the Ateneo.

[Kuntento ako sa pangkalahatang

accessibility at kombenyensya ng mga
Health Services ng Ateneo.]

I am satisfied with the adequacy of the 0 0 5 0 3 3 Neutral

health services to accommodate the
number of non teaching staff.

[Ako ay kuntento sa kasapatan ng mga

health services upang serbisyohan ang
bilang ng mga non teaching staff.]

I am satisfied with the overall health 0 0 4 0 4 4 Agree

care I receive from Ateneo.

[Kuntento ako sa pangkalahatang

pangangalagang health care na
natatanggap ko mula sa Ateneo.]

Overall Median for the Level of 0 0 11 2 11 4 Agree

Satisfaction for Health Services

Figure 6. Health Services

Deriving interpretation from the figures above, the feedback of the instrument showed
that most of the respondents strongly agreed with the accessibility of the clinical facilities
provided by ADMU. Additionally, the participants most frequently chose “Neutral” with this
sector’s adequacy. Given these, the responses of the instrument were cut in half between two
satisfaction ratings: “Neutral” and “Strongly Agree.” The median of these data showed that
non-teaching employees strongly agree with the accessibility of Ateneo’s healthcare facilities,

20
were neutral about its adequacy, and generally agreed with being satisfied with its overall
quality and convenience.

Electric Jeepney Services

Frequency Median Verbal

Interpretation
Questions 1 2 3 4 5

I am satisfied with the time saved from 1 2 4 0 1 3 Neutral

using e-jeeps to get to my destinations.

[Kuntento ako sa oras na natipid mula

sa paggamit ng mga e-jeep para
makarating sa aking mga destinasyon.]

I am satisfied with the money saved of 0 1 4 0 3 3 Neutral

using ejeeps rather than tricycles or
other modes of public transportation
provided by the university.

[Kuntento na ako sa perang natipid sa

paggamit ng ejeeps kaysa sa tricycle o
iba pang paraan ng pampublikong
transportasyon na ibinibigay ng
unibersidad.]

I am satisfied with the adequacy of the 0 1 4 1 2 3 Neutral

e-jeeps to accommodate me and my
fellow non teaching staff.

[Kuntento na ako sa kasapatan ng mga

e-jeep upang maserbisyohan ako at ang
aking mga kapwang non teaching
staff.]

I am overall satisfied with the Electric 0 0 5 3 0 3 Neutral

Jeepney Services.

[Kuntento ako sa Electric Jeepney

Services]

Overall Median for the Level of 1 4 17 4 6 3 Neutral

Satisfaction for Electric Jeepney
Services

Figure 7. Electric Jeepney Services

Observing the figures above, most of the participants were neutral about the
time-effectiveness, accessibility, adequacy, and overall quality of the electric jeepneys. Given
these results, the calculated median for the acquired data showed neutrality for all four
categories of the questionnaire. Having said these, the median of these values indicated
neutrality for the time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and adequacy of availing the services
of the e-jeeps employed by ADMU.

21
 Figure 8. Summary of the Median Satisfaction Ratings of Non-teaching
Staff and Professionals toward the Services and Remuneration Offered by ADMU

Discussion and Analysis

For this section, it is imperative to specify the significance of each satisfaction level
that the researchers took into consideration while formulating the analyses for each portion in
order to deliver plausible conclusions. A rating of “Strongly Disagree” entails extreme
dissatisfaction on the subject of a particular item, prompting major revisions on the system
currently employed by Ateneo. Consequently, a median grade of “Disagree” assumes
dissatisfaction, and necessitates improvements and alterations. Ensuingly, “Neutral,” does not
necessarily entail that a specific service or compensation has delivered quality amenities and
remuneration; rather, a neutral response outlines room for detailed deliberation. With that,
“Agree” and “Strongly Agree” convey satisfaction and extreme satisfaction of the population
respectively, and do not warrant the construction of recommendation from this study.

Compensation Package

According to the aforementioned survey, the compensation package, which consisted

of three questions to gauge employee satisfaction, showed that the respondents' views toward

22
the compensation packages made available to them by the institution ranged from neutral to
satisfied. For the first question, which measured the level of satisfaction that stakeholders had
towards the amount of salary and bonuses that they received from the university, attained a
median satisfaction level of “Neutral.” Following that, the second question that quantified the
contentment of non-teaching personnel towards the overall quality of complimentary utilities
in their workplaces displayed the median “Agree.” Lastly, stakeholders were shown to have a
“Neutral” satisfaction on the amount of allowance that the administration offers to qualifying
employees. Seeing this, it is plausible to conclude that while the population is not necessarily
dissatisfied with the general compensation and remuneration that the university provides to
its employees, there is still much to analyze with regards to the financial reimbursements that
personnel receive from the institution.

Food Services

From this point henceforth, the survey aimed to measure Ateneo’s food, health, and
electric jeepney services in three standards if applicable: time-effectiveness,
cost-effectiveness, and adequacy. Having said that, in the survey's section on food services,
the results showed that in two out of four statements, the respondents felt neutral about
Ateneo's food services. For time-effectiveness, the responses showed a median of “Disagree.”
Next, a grade of “Neutral” was calculated for the cost-effectiveness of food services. After
that, the respondents rated this service as “Neutral” in terms of adequacy. Finally, the median
ranking showed that respondents “Agreed” on the overall quality and convenience of this
particular amenity. In line with this, the list of possible factors that may have affected these
results are the following, which are not limited to: (1) limited manpower or food stalls to
cover time-effectiveness; (2) lack of food preparation for adequacy; and (3) high inflation rate
for cost-effectiveness. Generally, while respondents rated the overall quality of food facilities
as satisfactory, considering the aforementioned results, there is still much to improve,
especially on the time-effectiveness of this service for employees.

Health Services

For the third section, it is necessary to note that two standards were eliminated
because of irrelevance for health services. Ateneo’s health services are known to be
charge-free for members of the university. Therefore, the researchers concluded that
measuring the health facilities’ cost-effectiveness for employees would be inapplicable for
review. Apart from that, gauging the time-effectiveness of health amenities would also be
nonsensical. Thus, the investigators decided to remove and eliminate the measure of
cost-effectiveness and time-effectiveness for this particular service altogether. Instead the
group replaced these with a general category, namely the convenience for employees. Hence,
responses show that staff and professionals chose the grade of “Strongly Agree” with
satisfaction towards convenience of health facilities; chose “Neutral” about its adequacy
within campus; and chose “Agree” about its overall performance and delivery. These deduce
that Ateneo’s health services are very much accessible to these staff, which can justify the
overall satisfaction with the service provided. However, a median of “Neutral” satisfaction

23
level was received regarding the accommodation to these staff, which makes way for
improvement when it comes to ensuring everyone is accommodated for, as the health of
everyone is most important. Having said these, the satisfaction levels for this specific service
were more positive in comparison to the other facets of this investigation.

Electric Jeepney Services

E-Jeeps are freely available for supposedly everyone to use on campus, and because
of this, it was also possible to gauge how satisfied the staff members were with their work.
All four of the statements, which would indicate a customer's level of satisfaction, were
reported as neutral with regard to this service. With the very limited number of E-Jeeps and
manpower available, not a lot of time can be saved due to the lack of jeeps in each stop,
leading to longer waiting times. There is also the constant traffic inside the university campus
which further deems E-Jeeps not time-effective. But, since the E-jeeps are free to use, it can
be cost-effective compared to the use of public transportation, such as the tricycles available
within campus. Although E-Jeeps were put into operation for everyone to use, the researchers
have noticed that the majority of those who ride the E-Jeep are students, leaving lesser seats
to the non-teaching staff. Overall, the respondents left a median of neutral satisfaction levels
regarding the overall satisfaction of the E-Jeep Services.

Recommendations for Future Research

Having said all these, the researchers have constructed the following
recommendations for future investigations that shall aim to evaluate the satisfaction of
employees at ADMU. From the present study’s limitations, the investigators recommend (1)
the allocation of more time for data collection. Doing so will allow future researchers to
enact the second recommendation, that is (2) to employ a wider scope of population. This
would entail not only including non-teaching staff and personnel from the ASHS, but also
non-teaching staff and personnel from the whole university. Following that, would be to
increase the sample size of target respondents. Next, would be (3) to reconstruct the sampling
method utilized within the present study. Having a larger population would allow future
studies to exercise other forms of sampling, such as systematic sampling, which has a lesser
percentage of error, and less vulnerability to selection bias. Finally, (4) the present paper
recommends other research to recruit the use of other statistical methods and instruments,
such as Slovin’s formula, to ensure that the validity of their findings have a statistical
foundation. Applying these improvements will eliminate the limitations set by the nature of
this study, namely the high margin of error and inaccurate representation of the target
population’s insights and satisfaction.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the median level of satisfaction the non-teaching staff and
professionals have towards the remuneration and services the study covered namely the
compensation package, food services, health and electric jeepney services are overall neutral.
For the compensation package the participants’ were neutral with their satisfaction towards

24
the amount of salary, bonuses and allowances, and satisfied with the benefits with regards to
the complimentary utilities within its facilities, the overall median for compensation is
neutral. Ensuingly, for the food services, the participants were dissatisfied with the
time-effectiveness, while they were neutral towards cost-effectiveness and adequacy, and
lastly were satisfied with the overall quality of food. The overall satisfaction toward this
particular service is neutral. Thirdly, the health services, for the accessibility of clinical
facilities the participants’ were extremely satisfied with accessibility of clinical facilities, but
were neutral with its adequacy in accommodating the number of non-teaching staff and were
satisfied towards the quality and convenience, granting a median of satisfaction of
satisfactory. Lastly, the electric jeepney services, where participants’ found the
time-effectiveness, money saved, and adequacy neutral, resulting in a median of neutral.
Moreover, these results should be considered when looking for focal points to improve on the
policy and services implemented at ADMU for the better of experience and job satisfaction of
non-teaching staff and employees as this will have a positive impact towards the entire
university.

Acknowledgment

This study has been made possible with the aid of the remarkable people who
provided their unwavering support and direction to the researchers involved in this
investigation. Without them, this paper, and the possible benefits it would have offered to
ADMU and its employees, would not have been possible. As a result, the researchers would
like to express their gratitude to the following people for devoting a great deal of their time
and energy to supporting and coaching the proponents, which significantly influenced the
path of the research and ultimately helped to expedite the study's conclusion.

The researchers would like to thank Mx Gabriel Danielle Luiz G. Eslava, their
research advisor. From the time this study was first proposed until the writing of the final
manuscript, they have been by their side at every turn. Their ongoing direction, counsel,
inspiration, and occasionally constructive criticism have been crucial to the accomplishment
of this project. Without Mx, this study would not have been feasible.

Additionally, the investigators would want to express their gratitude to Mr. Christian
Galope, a statistician they contacted, for his invaluable contributions to the data analysis as
well as his wise observations and recommendations on how to evaluate the data in a proper
and efficient manner. His knowledge was exponentially helpful in completing the data
analysis for this paper’s conclusions and recommendations.

Apart from that, the paper also appreciates the help of Mrs. Rosanna M. Borja, the
paper’s ethics reviewer, for ensuring that this study maintains its validity and respect for the
safety of individuals involved in its methodology.

Most importantly, to the participants of this study, non-teaching employees whose

efforts often go unseen, yet undeniably felt within the university’s day-to-day operations, for
the time they’ve taken from their lives in order to contribute to this investigation. Essentially,
they have been the foundation, the backbone, and the fruition of this paper.

25
 Although the path to finishing this research article has not been simple, the
researchers hope that their combined tenacity will enable all of their efforts and expertise to
make a meaningful contribution to society.

26
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Capstone Task #1 Rubric

CAPSTONE TASK #1: FINAL RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT

CLO 1. Design appropriate data collection methods and apply ethical practices of obtaining and handling research data
CLO 2. Interpret, analyze, summarize, and formulate conclusions based on either primary or secondary data
CLO 3. Communicate all findings, recommendations, and steps moving forward in addressing the research problem
CLO 4. Demonstrate proper behavior in collaboration, communication, and feedback-giving through proactive
engagement in group research tasks
CLO 5. Exemplify metacognitive and self-regulated learning strategies by carefully planning, implementing, and
assessing research learning tasks

CRITERIA DESCRIPTORS FOR CONCEPT NOTE OUTPUT

● The concept note exudes excellence which can be used by other research groups as an exemplary model
● All expected measures, competences, and learning outcomes are exceedingly evident on the output
EXEMPLARY ● The overall organization, coherency, and presentation of ideas and arguments have met the criteria for research
publication
● The amount of effort to complete the output directly translates into a novel creation of new knowledge

● Exceeds the minimum expectations for the concept note output

HIGHLY ● Expected measures, competences, and learning outcomes are evident on the output
PROFICIENT ● very clear, organized, coherent, and comprehensive presentation of ideas and other significant details
● The output clearly and exceedingly depicts the amount of effort given to meet the specific assessment measure

● Met the minimum expectations for the concept note output

● Expected minimum measures, competences, and learning outcomes are evident on the output
PROFICIENT
● Clear, organized, coherent, and comprehensive presentation of ideas and other significant details
● The output depicts the amount of effort given to meet the specific assessment measure

● Did not meet the bare minimum expectations for the concept note output
LACKS ● Expected measures, competences, and learning outcomes are lacking on the output
PROFICIENCY ● Limited presentation of ideas and other significant details
● There is a need to improve the effort given to accomplish the task

FINAL RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT RUBRIC

HIGHLY LACKS
MEASURES EXEMPLARY PROFICIENT
PROFICIENT PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

Discussed clearly and accurately the background of the study

and how it relates to the identified research problem/s.

Discussed explicitly how the proposed study is relevant to

the priority areas of the funding research institute.

Discussed deliberately how the target beneficiaries will gain

from the study.

Presented accurately and coherently the research problem/s

of the study.

Described explicitly and clearly the scope and limitations of

the study.

LITERATURE REVIEW AND FRAMEWORK

Presented accurately and comprehensively how the research

topic is anchored on published related literature.

33
 FINAL RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT RUBRIC

HIGHLY LACKS
MEASURES EXEMPLARY PROFICIENT
PROFICIENT PROFICIENCY

Explained clearly and comprehensively the bases of the

research methods by highlighting the related literatures
used for the research design.

Emphasized a wide array of related literature in formulating

the conceptual framework of the proposed study.

Illustrated clearly and intuitively the schematic

representation of the conceptual framework adapted in the
study.

Identified and discussed comprehensively the research gaps

identified from the related literature.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Listed completely and accurately the materials that will be

used in the study and how they will be procured; the location
of the study was explicitly mentioned.

Elaborated comprehensively the different variables included

in the study; highlighted clearly how a specific variable will
be manipulated to gather relevant data for the proposed
study.

Discussed clearly and accurately the procedures for

collecting data conforming to a specific standard.

Presented explicitly the standards used in designing the

research methods (e.g. ASTM, WHO, ASM, published journals,
etc.) and the modifications that will be done to
accommodate the nature of the proposed study.

DATA PRESENTATION

How the data is gathered, recorded, and organized is

explained.

Measuring instruments and criteria standards are specified

and operationalized in the study.

Ensured an effective application of data visualization

techniques.

There is a sufficient presentation of data that is suited to the

research questions.

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

Presented a clear storyline anchored on the data gathered.

Analyses and interpretations are substantiated by the

gathered data.

The findings of other researchers are discussed and critiqued.

Existing knowledge about the topic is evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, and RECOMMENDATIONS

The conclusion is able to provide insights and

recommendations that are in tandem with the research
questions

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 FINAL RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT RUBRIC

HIGHLY LACKS
MEASURES EXEMPLARY PROFICIENT
PROFICIENT PROFICIENCY

The contribution of the study and its implications to existing

studies and articles are discussed

CITATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cited at least 15 different reference materials, particularly

research journals that are relevant to the study.

Applied APA or CSE correctly and consistently to the in-text

citation style format.

Applied APA or CSE correctly and consistently to the

bibliographic entry format.

FORMAT

Used the appropriate concept note template.

Observed a total word count of 5000 words.

Score Range (HPS: 116)

110 – 116 : EXEMPLARY
87 – 109 : HIGHLY PROFICIENT
58 – 86 : PROFICIENT
57 below : LACKS PROFICIENCY

35