Dental Research Journal

Review Article
Tooth auto‑transplantation as an alternative treatment option:
A literature review
Tatjana Nimčenko1, Gražvydas Omerca1, Vaidas Varinauskas1, Ennio Bramanti2, Fabrizio Signorino2, Marco Cicciù3
1
Departments of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2Odontostomatology, 3Human Pathology, School
of Dentistry, University of Messina School of Dentistry, Messina, Italy

ABSTRACT
Rapidly evolving implantation and alveolar ridge reconstruction techniques created a new area in
modern dentistry where tooth loss is no longer a problem. Endless variations of implant’s length,
diameter, surface, and design along with autogenous, alogenous, aloplastic, or xenogenous bone
Received: June 2012 substitutes made it possible to recreate physiological occlusion, esthetic and masticatory function.
Accepted: October 2012 However, none of nowadays technologies in implant dentistry have the potential to adapt to a
Address for correspondence: growth and development changes of a child’s jaw.Therefore, patient’s young age is a restriction for
Dr. Marco Cicciù, implantation and a particular challenge for a dentist willing to restore missing tooth. Thus, tooth
Department of Human auto‑transplantation can be a good choice for treatment.The objective of this review is to underline
Pathology, Dental School,
Messina University, Via
the biologic principles required for successful auto‑transplantation of teeth. Limits, indications,
Consolare Valeria 98100, technique, and prognosis will be analyzed.
Messina, Italy.
E‑mail: acromarco@yahoo.it Key Words: Autologous, auto‑transplantation, tooth transplantation

INTRODUCTION predictable and long‑term results), it cannot be applied

to all patients due to young age or socio‑economic
Dental auto‑transplantation or autogenous transplantation reasons; therefore, tooth auto‑transplantation could be
is defined as the movement of one tooth from one considered as an alternative.
position to another, within the same person.[1,2] This could
Indications
involve the transfer of impacted, embedded, or erupted
There are many reasons for tooth auto‑transplantation,
teeth into extraction sites or into surgically prepared
but most common indication is teeth to be extracted
sockets.[2] The procedure itself is not a new invention,
due to advanced caries destruction: In adolescents, the
and the earliest reports of tooth transplantation involve
first permanent molars erupt early and are often heavily
slaves in ancient Egypt who were forced to give their
restored. When first molar is lost in young patient, it can
teeth to their pharaohs.[3,4] Eventually, allotransplantation,
result in abnormal occlusion because of tooth migration
transplantation of a tooth from one individual to another,
and due to uneven jaw growth. Thus, treatment of
was abandoned because of histocompatibility and
such patient should be aimed on maintenance of lost
replaced with auto‑transplantation.[3]
tooth space without alterations to growing jaw. When
Although today dental implant is mostly desirable dental implants are placed in adolescent patients, they
treatment method in case of lost teeth (because of its do not erupt along with adjacent teeth and result in
infraocclusion with functional and esthetic problems.[5]
Access this article online In this case, auto‑transplantation is indicated: A tooth
with incomplete rhizogeneses and maintained PDL
remains ability of further growth and promotes
Website: www.drj.ir
alveolar bone development in the receptor area.[6] Most
frequently, a wisdom tooth is transferred to the site
of a hopeless molar because of its late development
compared to the other teeth.

Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1 1

 Nimčenko, et al.: Tooth auto‑transplant treatment

Another indication is maxillary incisors that are Candidate criteria

most frequently involved in trauma. In such case, Patient selection is very significant for the
avulsed tooth brought to dental office in a proper auto‑transplantation success. Candidates must be in
condition (during first 24 hours after trauma, in a a good health, demonstrate excellent level of oral
suitable solution) could be replanted and splinted hygiene, and be amenable to regular dental care;
for a healing period. Even partially damaged otherwise successful outcome of auto‑transplantation
tooth (cracked, chipped, or broken crown) could be could be jeopardized. Patients must be able to follow
saved applying endodontic and restaurative treatment. post‑operative instructions and be available for follow‑up
Although when a tooth is lost completely (advanced visits; co‑operation and comprehension are important to
cariotic destruction, trauma), it could be replaced ensure predictable results. Above all, the patients must
with patients own tooth.[7] Therefore, considering the have a suitable recipient site and donor tooth.[17‑23]
stage of root development and the size of the crown
Recipient site criteria
of a donor tooth is chosen. Usually, mandibular first
The recipient site should be free from acute infection
or second premolars are appropriate in mesiodistal
and chronic inflammation.[23] Adequacy of bone
dimension to replace lost central incisor, although
support is crucial criteria for success. To ensure
later an adequate reconstruction of the crown with
composite resin or artificial crown according to stabilization of the transplanted tooth and to avoid
anatomy is needed. The posterior space that results infection penetration from the mouth, there must be
from harvesting of the premolar could be closed sufficient alveolar bone support in all dimensions with
by unilateral protraction of the posterior teeth with adequate attached keratinized tissue.
traditional or mini‑implant anchorage mechanics.[8] Before the auto‑transplantation, thorough treatment
One more indication for tooth auto‑transplantation is planning should follow careful clinical and
congenital tooth absence. Tooth agenesis is mostly of radiographic examination. If the mesiodistal recipient
unknown etiology. It was determined that about 90% space is insufficient for the donor tooth, an orthodontic
children with agenesis misses 1 or 2 teeth, and only space generation prior to transplantation will be
3% of people with agenesis lack 2 or more teeth in necessary. In cases of insufficient buccolingual bone
the same quadrant.[9] Most frequently, absent teeth width an autogenous bonegraft or green‑stick,
are mandibular third molars, followed by mandibular fracture may be performed at the recipient site.[19,20,24]
second premolars, maxillary lateral incisors.[10] The apico‑coronal parameters of recipient site bone
The alternative treatment options to transplantation should be carefully examined from radiographs at
when missing mandibular second premolars usually the same time evaluating length of the tooth’s root
include space closure in connection with routine to be transplanted. If needed, additional preparation
orthodontic treatment involving extractions of of recipient alveolus depth may be performed during
2 maxillary premolars (extraction can be planned for auto‑transplantation.
the correction of crowding or reduction of overjet[11‑14] Donor tooth criteria
or leaving the deciduous second molars for as long Teeth with open or closed apices may be considered
as possible.)[15] Missing lateral incisor alternatively to as donors. However, the stage of root development
transplantation can be treated by orthodontic space of the transplant tooth is very important. Studies
closure,[16] conventional or resin‑bonded bridges, or have evaluated the success of auto‑transplantation
single‑tooth implants.[9] looking at both development of the periodontal
Atypical tooth eruption can also be an indication attachment and pulpal survival.[8,19] Success rates
for auto‑transplantation. Ectopically positioned teeth are highest when the root development is one‑half
are usually exposed surgically and then orthodontic to two‑thirds. Transplantation of a bud with roots
treatment is applied. In cases of severe ectopic formed less than one‑half may be too traumatic
position of maxillary canines (ectopic canines present and could compromise further root development.
about 2% of population),[15] correction of its position Surgical manipulation with full length roots and an
may present a challenge for traditional orthodontic open apex (such tooth would remain vital and should
mechanics. Therefore, auto‑transplantation of canine continue root development after transplantation) are
into a more natural orientation could provide a still possible, but the increased length may cause
simplified and faster treatment option.[13] encroachment on vital structures such as maxillary

2 Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1

 Nimčenko, et al.: Tooth auto‑transplant treatment

sinus or the inferior alveolar nerve. If a tooth with development occurs between the ages 9 and 12 years.
a complete root formation is transplanted, it will Most traumatic injuries to anterior teeth seem to
generally require root canal therapy performed occur at the same period, making auto‑transplantation
2 weeks after transplantation.[13] A tooth should be a good option for these patients.[5,17‑19] Yet, wisdom
considered appropriate when its roots are sufficiently tooth that is best for replacement of failed molars
long to be preserved if no root development occurs is better to be transplanted in elder patients. Finally,
after transplantation. Ideally, transplantation should indicated age groups shouldn’t be followed strictly in
be performed when a tooth is at its maximal length case of possible deviations in teeth maturation, and
but still has the potential for pulp regeneration (apex every possible candidate for transplantation should be
opening >1 mm radiographically).[5] examined by radiographic evaluation.
One of the factors contributing to successful Success
auto‑transplantation is vital intact periodontal Abulcassis documented the first dental surgical
ligament (PDL) fibers that play an important role in interventions of such kind in 1050, but the first
healing. Usually, the PDL fibers on the walls of the surgery with details of tooth bud transplantation
surrounding prepared sockets are absent. Therefore, was recorded only in 1564, performed by a
it is desirable to extract a tooth with as much PDL French dentist Ambroise Pare. In 1965, M.L. Hale
attached to it as possible as it seems to be effective in described a transplantation technique for molars,
preventing root resorption.[24‑27] and the major principles of his technique are
still followed today.[1,2,4] The literature reports
Timing
excellent success rates following the appropriate
Immediate replantation of exarticulated teeth is known
transplantation protocol: Cohen[24] found
to have a good prognosis, while transplanted teeth to
98‑99% survival rates over 5 years and 80‑87%
recipient beds prepared at the same time show a high
over 10 years with transplanted anterior teeth
prevalence of root resorption.[23] Ideally, extraction
with closed apices. Lundberg and Isaksson[18] had
of the tooth from recipient site should be performed
success in 94% and 84% of cases for open and
on the same day when donor tooth is removed for
closed apices, respectively, in 278 auto‑transplanted
transplantation. In cases when tooth from recipient
teeth over 5 years. Josefsson[33] had 4‑year success
site must be extracted earlier due to toothache or other
rates of 92% and 82%, respectively, for premolars
reasons, transplantation should be scheduled within a
with incomplete and complete root formation.
month.[20] The later donor tooth will be transplanted,
Andreasen[11,12] found 95% and 98% long‑term
the less support it will have as resorption of the bone
survival rates for incomplete and complete root
would occur at the recipient site.
formation of 370 transplanted premolars observed
Timing is critical when assessing root formation over 13 years. Kugelberg[17] achieved success rates
stage suitable for auto‑transplantation; therefore, age of 96% and 82% for 45 teeth with incomplete
of the patient must be considered when planning this and complete root formation transplanted into the
type of operation. Pulp regeneration can be expected upper incisor region over 4 years. Nethander[25,27]
in immature (developing) teeth but not in mature found 5‑year success rates of over 90% for 68
teeth.[28‑31] It is established that formation of the root mature teeth transplanted with a 2‑stage technique.
continues after tooth emerges in the mouth for about Most extensively tooth auto‑transplantation has
2‑3 years [Table 1]. Mostly, the right stage of root been studied in a long‑term review of cases had a

Table 1: Permanent teeth development chart[32]

Tooth position Central Lateral Canine First Second First Second Third
incisor incisor premolar premolar molar molar molar
Maxillary (upper) teeth
When tooth emerges 7‑8 8‑9 11‑12 10‑11 10‑12 6‑7 12‑13 17‑21
Root completed 10 11 13‑15 12‑13 12‑14 9‑10 14‑16 18‑25
Mandibular (lower) teeth
When tooth emerges 6‑7 7‑8 9‑10 10‑12 11‑12 6‑7 11‑13 17‑21
Root completed 9 10 12‑14 12‑13 13‑14 9‑10 14‑15 18‑25

Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1 3

 Nimčenko, et al.: Tooth auto‑transplant treatment

Table 2: Successful healing factors associated with auto‑transplantation of teeth[34]

Categories Influencing factors for prognosis
Patient‑related Better results in younger patients
factors A patient free of major systemic and metabolic problems or specific habits (e.g., smoking)
Good oral hygiene and a co‑operative attitude
Donor tooth‑related Periodontal ligament (PDL)
factors The presence of intact and vital PDL attached to the root surface
Preservation of vital PDL when the tooth is outside the mouth using physiologic salt water or milk or preservation
liquids and as short a surgery time as possible
Enhanced healing of the gingival tissue by placing a 1 mm band of PDL fibers on the root above the crest of bone
A major factor in the formation of alveolar bone
A chance of inadequate PDL development as an effective attachment with an impacted tooth (non‑functioning tooth)
Healing of dental pulp
The preservation of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
Healing of the dental pulp occurs until Moorees tooth development stage 5
When the diameter of the apical foramina is>1 mm, there is more than an 87% chance the dental pulp will heal
Continuation of root development
Ideal timing of transplantation is when development of the donor tooth roots is 3/4 to 4/5 complete
Gingival adaptation
Tight flap adaptation prevents bacterial invasion into the recipient socket
Root morphology
Teeth with a single, cone‑shaped root without concavity around the cervical area are most favorable
Recipient Bone width and height should be adequate to receive the donor tooth
site‑related factors Better healing can be expected if the PDL tissue is still attached
Transplantation should be performed on the day of transplantation or within 1 month after extraction
Clinical factors Surgery should be performed by a clinician with experience in such areas as donor tooth extraction, preparation of
the recipient site, and tissue management

follow‑up range of 17 to 41 years.[9,19] The success 4 months) resorption.[36‑38] Therefore, the biological
rate was over 90%, which is similar to that of dental principles for auto‑transplantation success that are
implant‑supported restorations. understood and described in the literature along
with the correct indications may lead to a successful
DISCUSSION alternative treatment with a very good prognosis.
However, as implant technology has taken great
The factors that lead to success have been
achievements in recent years of predictability in
extensively investigated, and it is well documented
success rates and esthetic results, comparison between
how extracted teeth gain complete function and
auto‑transplantation and implantation as treatment
good esthetics when replantation happens on ideal
options is inevitable. From the patient’s perspective,
conditions [Table 2].
auto‑transplantation preserves the dentition using a
It was determined that the most significant contributor natural tooth rather than a mechanical prosthesis,[5]
is the continued vitality of the periodontal membrane. from the doctor’s perspective, it is beneficial in many
When the periodontal ligament is traumatized points. Transplantation is a biological procedure
during transplantation, external root resorption and in which teeth, especially in a germ phase, have
ankylosis is often noted;[35‑37] root resorption is the the potential capacity to induce alveolar bone
most common cause of failure of the transplant. growth;[26,39‑41] therefore, it can be applied in patients
More specifically, the causes of tooth loss following before puberty growth is finished. Several clinical
auto‑transplantation from most common to least studies performed rigid protocol in order to have
common are: Inflammatory resorption, replacement clinically success results. Usually, the patient should
resorption (ankylosis), marginal periodontitis, then be seen at weekly intervals for one month if
apical periodontitis, caries, and trauma. Atraumatic there are no complications. After one month, the
extraction of the donor tooth and immediate transfer patient should be seen every 6‑8 months for 2‑3 years.
to the recipient site to minimize the risk of injury During this period, the tooth should be clinical and
to the PDL can decrease the incidence of most radiographically evaluated for the onset of pulpal
prevalent inflammatory (that becomes evident in 3 to breakdown seen as intrapulpal calcification, periapical
4 weeks) and replacement (becomes evident after 3 to radiolucency, or root resorption.[42,43]

4 Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1

 Nimčenko, et al.: Tooth auto‑transplant treatment

Osteointegrated implants will not grow with the positioning.[24,43,50,51] This treatment option may also
changing patients jaw and result in infraocclusion. The be valuated as a temporary measure in young patient
open apex of the transplanted tooth with intact Hertwig because of replacing missing teeth in order to keep
epithelial root sheath allows healing and regeneration ridge volume of bone for at least 5 next years.[50‑55]
of the pulpal tissue and thus saving subsequent root
canal treatment.[41,43,44,45] Immediate transplantation REFERENCES
with extraction at the recipient site is a procedure
that provides significant time saving compared to 1. Hale ML. Autogenous transplants. Br J Oral Surg 1965;3:109‑13.
2. Northway WM, Konigsberg S. Autogenic tooth transplantation.
implants. Healing is rapid, and function is regained
The “state of the art”. Am J Orthod 1980;77:146‑62.
almost immediately.[46‑48] Transplanted tooth with its 3. Schwartz O, Bergmann P, Klausen B. Autotransplantation of
PDL has osteoinducing properties that results in bone human teeth. A life‑table analysis of prognostic factors. Int J
regeneration of the bony defects around transplants Oral Surg 1985;14:245‑58.
without graft materials, thus significantly reducing 4. Heithersay GS. Replantation of avulsed teeth. A review. Aust
time and cost compared to implants.[5] Transplanted Dent J 1975;20:63‑72.
tooth have potential for good esthetical results, since 5. Tsukiboshi M. Autotransplantation of teeth: Requirements for
it allows the formation of a normal interdental papilla, predictable success. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:157‑80.
6. Pacini NM, Nery DT, De Carvalho DR, Lima NJ r, Miranda AF,
the natural emergence profile, and natural crown form
Macedo SB. Dental autotransplant: Case report. RSBO
is maintained. Moreover, a subsequent orthodontic 2012;9:108‑13.
treatment and the position adjustment after surgery 7. Jankiewski J, Terry M. Autotransplantatio inside view of a
may be possible.[23,43,45,47] delicate procedure. PCSO Bull 2010;Fall IV: 19‑23.
8. Zachrisson BU. Planning esthetic treatment after avulsion of
Anyway, today osteointegrated implants are the
maxillary incisors. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139:1484‑90.
therapeutic alternative of choice when replacing a lost 9. Czochrowska EM, Stenvik A, Bjercke B, Zachrisson BU.
tooth, but transplantation and implantation techniques Outcome of tooth transplantation: Survival and success rates
are similar in difficulty and so is the high prognosis 17‑41 years posttreatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
supported by scientific evidence (more than 95% 2002;121:110‑9.
implants survival at 10 years[42,43,49] and a transplant 10. Kavadia S, Papadiochou S, Papadiochos I, Zafiriadis L. Agenesis
success rate over 90% at 17 to 41 years long‑term of maxillary lateral incisors: A global overview of the clinical
studies.[9,19,44,50] problem. Orthodontics 2011;12:296‑317.
11. Andreasen JO, Paulsen HU, Yu Z, Bayer T, Schwartz O.
A long‑term study of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part II.
CONCLUSION Tooth survival and pulp healing subsequent to transplantation.
Eur J Orthod 1990;12:14‑24.
Tooth auto‑transplantation can be considered as an 12. Andreasen JO, Paulsen HU, Yu Z, Schwartz O. A long‑term study
alternative approach in oral rehabilitation for some of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part III. Periodontal healing
clinical situations (especially in young patients). It subsequent to transplantation. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:25‑37.
inducts bone formation, and re‑establishment of a 13. Andreasen JO, Paulsen HU, Yu Z, Bayer T. A long‑term study
normal alveolar process permits tooth movement to of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part IV. Root development
distant or opposite sides of dental arch or even to subsequent to transplantation. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:38‑50.
14. Andreasen JO, Paulsen HU, Yu Z, Ahlquist R, Bayer T,
opposite jaw. In case of a failure, an intact area still
Schwartz O. A long‑term study of 370 autotransplanted
remains possibility of implantation. However, beside premolars. Part I. Surgical procedures and standardized
its relatively low cost compared to the traditional techniques for monitoring healing. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:3‑13.
methods of rehabilitation (such as osteointegrated 15. Bjerklin K, Bennett J. The long‑term survival of lower second
implants) and high success rates, it requires careful primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur
case selection, professional skill, and patient and J Orthod 2000;22:245‑55.
parent collaboration. Although auto‑transplantation 16. Rosa M, Zachrisson BU. Integrating esthetic dentistry and space
has not been confirmed as a traditional means of closure in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors. J Clin
Orthod. 2001;35:221‑34.
replacing a missing tooth, the procedure needs more
17. Kugelberg R, Tegsjö U, Malmgren O. Autotransplantation of
consideration and future clinical studies in order to 45 teeth to the upper incisor region in adolescents. Swed Dent J
obtain predictable long‑term results. Several research 1994;18:165‑72.
highlight how auto‑transplantation of teeth can be 18. Lundberg T, Isaksson S. A clinical follow‑up study of 278
considered as successful as endosseous dental implant autotransplanted teeth. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;34:181‑5.

Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1 5

 Nimčenko, et al.: Tooth auto‑transplant treatment

19. Temmerman L, De Pauw GA, Beele H, Dermaut LR. Tooth 38. Ding G, Liu Y, Wang W, Wei F, Liu D, Fan Z, et al. Allogeneic
transplantation and cryopreservation: State of the art. Am J periodontal ligament stem cell therapy for periodontitis in swine.
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:691‑5. Stem Cells 2010;28:1829‑38.
20. Sartaj R, Sharpe P. Biological tooth replacement. J Anat 39. Tsukiboshi M. Autogenous tooth transplantation: A reevaluation.
2006;209:503‑9. Int J Periodont Restor Dent 1993;13:120‑49.
21. Snead ML. Whole‑tooth regeneration: It takes a village of 40. Volponi AA, Pang Y, Sharpe PT. Stem cell‑based biological tooth
scientists, clinicians, and patients. J Dent Educ 2008;72:903‑11. repair and regeneration. Trends Cell Biol 2010;20:715‑22.
22. Kim K, Lee CH, Kim BK, Mao JJ. Anatomically shaped 41. Yau CK. Tooth autotransplantation as a treatment option. Hong
tooth and periodontal regeneration by cell homing. J Dent Res Kong Med Diary 2009;14:21‑4.
2010;89:842‑7. 42. Gimbernat H, Recio CL, Torres LD, Ruiz R, Gutiérrez P. Current
23. Marques‑Ferreira M, Rabaça‑Botelho MF, Carvalho L, state of dental autotransplantation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
Oliveiros B, Palmeirão‑Carrilho EV. Autogenous tooth 2011;16:948‑52.
transplantation: Evaluation of pulp tissue regeneration. Med 43. Waldon K, Barber SK, Spencer RJ, Duggal MS. Indications
Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011;16:e984‑9. for the use of auto‑transplantation of teeth in the child and
24. Cohen AS, Shen TC, Pogrel MA. Transplanting teeth adolescent. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012;13:210‑6.
successfully: Autografts and allografts that work. J Am Dent 44. Yoshino K, Kariya N, Namura D, Noji I, Mitsuhashi K, Kimura H,
Assoc 1995;126:481‑5. et al. Comparison of prognosis of separated and non‑separated
25. Nethander G. Autogenous free tooth transplantation with a tooth autotransplantation. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:33‑42.
two‑stage operation technique. Swed Dent J Suppl 2003;161:1‑51. 45. Waikakul A, Punwutikorn J, Kasetsuwan J, Korsuwannawong S.
26. Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: New Alveolar bone changes in autogenous tooth transplantation. Oral
discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111:e1‑7.
Dentofacial Orthop 2000;117:650‑6. 46. Kumar R, Khambete N, Priya E. Successful immediate
27. Nethander G. Periodontal conditions of teeth autogenously autotransplantation of tooth with incomplete root formation: Case
transplanted by a two‑stage technique. J Periodontal Res report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012 [Epub
1994;29:250‑8. ahead of print].
28. Liu Y, Zheng Y, Ding G, Fang D, Zhang C, Bartold PM, 47. Yoshino K, Kariya N, Namura D, Noji I, Mitsuhashi K,
et al. Periodontal ligament stem cell‑mediated treatment for Kimura H, et al. A retrospective survey of autotransplantation
periodontitis in miniature swine. Stem Cells 2008;26:1065‑73. of teeth in dental clinics. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:37‑43.
29. Dannan A. Dental‑derived stem cells and whole tooth 48. Herrera‑Gimbernat D, Recio‑Lora C, Torres‑Lagares D,
regeneration: An overview. J Clin Med Res 2009;1:63‑71. Romero‑Ruiz MM, Gutiérrez‑Pérez JL. Current state of
30. Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhang CM, Zhang HY, Li WH, Shi S, et al. Stem dental autotransplantation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
cells from deciduous tooth repair mandibular defect in swine. 2011;16:e948‑52.
J Dent Res 2009;88:249‑54. 49. Tsurumachi T, Kuno T. Autotransplantation of a maxillary first
31. Scheller EL, Krebsbach PH, Kohn DH. Tissue engineering: premolar to replace an ankylosed maxillary incisor: 7‑year
State of the art in oral rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil follow‑up. Int Endod J 2011;44:863‑75.
2009;36:368‑89. 50. Abu Tair JA, Rahhal A. Tooth autotransplantation in orthodontic
32. Ash, Major M, Nelson, Stanley J. Wheeler’s dental anatomy, patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2010;11:63‑70.
physiology, and occlusion. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003. 51. Tatli U, Kürkçü M, Cam OY, Büyükyilmaz T. Autotransplantation
p. 32,45,53. of impacted teeth: A report of 3 cases and review of the literature.
33. Josefsson E, Brattström V, Tegsjö U, Valerius‑Olsson H. Treatment Quintessence Int 2009;40:589‑95.
of lower second premolar agenesis by autotransplantation: 52. Vilhjálmsson VH, Knudsen GC, Grung B, Bårdsen A. ‑Dental
Four‑year evaluation of eighty patients. Acta Odontol Scand auto‑transplantation to anterior maxillary sites. Dent Traumatol
1999;57:111‑5. 2011;27:23‑9.
34. Park JH., Tai K, Hayashi D. Tooth autotransplantation as a 53. Cho JH, Hwang HS, Chang HS, Hwang YC. Application of
treatment option: A review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010;35:129‑35. orthodontic forces prior to autotransplantation‑case reports. Int
35. Hermann NV, Lauridsen E, Ahrensburg SS, Gerds TA, Endod J 2013;46:187‑94.
Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing complications following 54. Mimura H, Fukuyo S. Orthodontic reconstruction with
concussion and subluxation injuries in the permanent dentition: autotransplantation and bone grafting after a traffic accident.
A longitudinal cohort study. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:386‑93. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141 (4 Suppl):S119‑29.
36. Hermann NV, Lauridsen E, Ahrensburg SS, Gerds TA, 55. Schmidt SK, Cleverly DG. Tooth autotransplantation: an
Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing complications following overview and case study. Northwest Dent 2012;91:29‑33.
extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition:
A longitudinal cohort study. Dent Traumatol 2012;28:394‑402. How to cite this article: Nimcenko T, Omerca G, Varinauskas V,
37. Waldon K, Barber SK, Spencer RJ, Duggal MS. Indications Bramanti E, Signorino F, Cicciù M. Tooth auto-transplantation as an
alternative treatment option: A literature review. Dent Res J 2013;10:1-6.
for the use of auto‑transplantation of teeth in the child and
Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
adolescent. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012;13:210‑6.

6 Dental Research Journal / January 2013 / Vol 10 / Issue 1