Loadline

convention
Q What is International Loadline convention (ILL 66) ?
It was observed that the draught and freeboard upto which a vessel is
loaded determines the safety of a vessel at sea
So to limit the draught at which the vessel will be loaded safely was
required to prevent the overloading.
So for that load line convention is used to determine the load lines of a
vessel.
Adopted in 1966 and modified by the protocol of 1968 by IMO

Q What is the principal of the load line convention ?

Reserve Buoyancy

Q What is the aim of International loadline convention ?

To establish uniform principles and rules with respect to the limits to which
ships on
international voyages may be loaded having regard to the need for
safeguarding life and property at sea.

Q What vessels the Load line convention applies to ?

Load line convention applies to -
1 Ships flying the flag of states that are the contracting parties of the
convention.
2 Ships engaged in international voyages.
3 Ships having mechanical means of propulsion.
4 Sailing vessels.

Q Vessels exempted from Load line convention ?

Warships.
New ships less than 24m in length.
Existing ships of less than 150 GRT
Fishing vessels.
Pleasure yachts not engaged in trades.

Q What factors determine Loadlines ?

1 Superstructure and bulkheads
2 Watertight doors
3 Hatchways and ventilators
4 Hatch closing pontoons
5 Cleats
6 Securing systems for hatch covers
7 Hatch way coaming
8 Air pipes
9 Scupper inlet and discharge
10 Side Scuttles

Q Who issues Load line certificate ?

Flag state

Q Validity of Load line certificate ?

Specified by the flag state but not exceeding 5 years.

Q When the Load line survey is carried out ?

Initial survey,
Renewal survey within every 5 year,
Annual Survey(-+3 month of
anniversary)
Q What are the contents of Load line Certificate ?
Load line mark
Type of ship A or B
Distances of various loadlines from deckline
FWA for all loadlines
Timber loadline and FWA if applicable
Validity of certificate

Q What are Type A ship and Type B ship as per LL convention ?

Type A ship – Ship designed to carry only liquid cargo in bulk, such that the
cargo tanks have small openings that are closed by watertight gaskets
providing high level of
protection against flooding.
Type B ship – All those ships who so not fit in Type A category are Type B
ships.

Q What are the contents of Load line Convention?

The Convention includes three annexes
Annex I is divided into four Chapters:
Chapter I - General;
Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard;
Chapter III - Freeboards;
Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards.
Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods.
Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load Line
Certificate.

Q Draw Load lines.

Center of
Plimsoll mark is
the top of the
center line

Q Load lines’ levels are taken from the top or the bottom ?
From the top of the load lines

Q Distance between upper edge of T and upper edge of S ?

1/48 of summer draft

Q Distance between upper edge of S and upper edge of W ?

 1/48 of summer draft

Q Distance between upper edge of W and upper edge of WNA ?

50mm

Q Mark the center of the Plimsol mark ?

The red dot at the top of the center line of the plimsol mark is the center
because the
load lines are always taken from the top.

Q Where can you load more TF, F, T, S or W ?

We can load more in TF then F and we can load least in W.

Q How to prepare a vessel for the load line survey ?

Make sure the load line marks are clearly marked and painted.
Check all the hatch coamings, weather tight doors, Manhole covers rubber
packings,
Sounding pipes, scuppers, portholes, E/R skylight, FPK tank valves, Bilge
suction, Air pipes, vents etc
Check the overboard non return valves.
Keep Load line report form 2 ready
 IMDG CODE
Q What is the AIM of IMDG code ?
To regulate the transport of sea of Dangerous goods to reasonably prevent
injury to person or damage to the ship.
To regulate transport by sea of marine pollutants to prevent harm to
the marine environment.

Q Define Dangerous Goods

DG means the substances, material and article in packages form covered
by the IMDG code.

Q Does IMDG applies to tankers ?

No, as per the Forward of IMDG code it applied only for DG carried in
packages form or in solid form in bulk.

Q IMDG is in which chapter in SOLAS ?

Chapter VII: Carriage of dangerous goods

Q Define Hazardous cargo, Dangerous Cargo and Harmful Cargo

Hazardous Cargo – It does not have any Intrinsic Dangerous properties but
has a
potential to cause danger to life, property and environment if not stored,
handled secured and transported with proper precaution.
Dangerous Cargo – Cargo which has Intrinsic Dangerous properties
through which it can cause danger to life and property.
Harmful Cargo – It is any substance which if introduced into the sea is
liable to create hazard to human health, living resources and marine life,
amenities
and interfere with other legitimate uses of sea.

Q Define marine pollutant.

A material is identified as a Marine Pollutant (MP) if it meets the criteria for
classification as an “Environmentally Hazardous Substance (aquatic
environment)” according to the IMDG Code Index.

Q What are the contents of the IMDG code ?

Volume 1
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS AND TRAINING
PART 2 CLASSIFICATION
PART 4 PACKING AND TANK PROVISIONS
PART 5 CONSIGNMENT PROCEDURES
PART 6 CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGINGS, INTERMEDIATE
BULK CONTAINERS (IBCs), LARGE PACKAGINGS, PORTABLE
TANKS, MULTIPLE-ELEMENT GAS CONTAINERS (MEGCs) AND
ROAD TANK VEHICLES
PART 7 PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
Volume 2
PART 3 DANGEROUS GOODS LIST, SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND LIMITED
QUANTITY EXCEPTIONS
Supplement

Q What are the contents of supplement of IMDG code ?

1 EMS guide
2 MFAG
3 Reporting Procedures
4 Recommendations on the safe use of Pesticides in ships
5 INF code (International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated
Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships)

Q Define UN number
A unique identifying number assigned to the DG by United Nations
committee of expert on transportation of dangerous goods.

Q What does a UN number signifies ?

A UN number signifies that the substance is hazardous in nature and it is
covered by the IMDG code.

Q What is subsidiary risk ?

Goods which present a secondary dangerous property.
It should be labeled showing the hazard
Class number should not be present on the subsidiary risk label.

Q What is regulation for marking, labeling and placarding of dangerous

goods ?
The proper shipping name and not the trade name of local name to be
marked.
Packages are to provided with the distinctive labels.
The corresponding UN number readily visible and legible shall be marked.
Packages to be provided with distinct labels.
Information should still be identifiable on packages surviving at least three
months
immersion in the sea.

Q What are the storage requirements for dangerous goods ?

The storage requirements for dangerous goods are -
1 Dangerous goods are to be stowed safely and appropriately according to the
nature of the goods.
2 Incompatible goods to be segregated from one another.
3 Explosive are to be stowed in a magazine securely closed at sea and
segregated from
detonators.
4 Electrical apparatus and cabling in compartments shall be so designed and
used as to
minimize the risk of fire and explosion.
5 DG that gives off vapors shall be stowed in compartment with mechanical
vents or on
deck.
6 Substances which are liable to spontaneous heating or combustion shall not
be
carried unless adequate precautions against fire and explosion are taken.

Q What precautions will you take while loading DG cargo ?

From the IMDG code find the Emergency schedules, Medical supplies
required as per MFAG and PPE, Check the labels are intact, obtain cargo
declaration.
required to safely transport the cargo.
Appropriate signal by day or night to be displayed.
No Bunkering operations to be done.
RADAR off, Transmission of VHF, UHF on low power
Defective packages and cargo should be rejected, such as weathertightness
of packages, Segregation of incompatible goods done as required by the
code.

Q Precautions while loading explosives ?

Explosives must be stowed in wood or wood lined compartment.
No electric cables should pass from the compartment.
Electrical fittings must be disconnected from the compartment.
 Explosives are unstable when wet so it should be kept in cool, dry,
ventilated space
away from hot bulkhead
Explosives must be stowed away from the living quarters.

Q What are Non compatible cargoes ?

 The cargoes which if not physically separated or stowed separately can
cause hazard
when they spill in the vicinity of one another or if their vapors comes in
contact with one another.

Q What is Segregation as per IMDG?

Segregation is the process of separating two or more substances or articles
which are considered mutually incompatible when their packing or stowage
together may result
in undue hazards in case of leakage or spillage, or any other accident.

Q What are the ‘segregation terms’ as per IMDG ?

‘Segregation’ terms are
1 Away from
2 Separated from
3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from
4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold
from

1 Away from - may be transported in the same compartment or hold or on

deck, provided a minimum horizontal separation of 3 m, projected
vertically

2 Separated from - In different compartments or holds when stowed under

deck. Provided the intervening deck is resistant to fire and liquid, a vertical
separation, i.e. in different compartments, may be accepted as equivalent
to this segregation. For on deck stowage,this segregation means a
separation by a distance of at least 6 m horizontally.

3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from - Either a

vertical or a horizontal separation. If the intervening decks are not
resistant to fire and liquid, then only a longitudinal separation by an
intervening complete compartment or hold, is acceptable. For on deck
stowage, this segregation means a separation by a distance of at least 12
m horizontally. The same distance has to be applied if one package is
stowed on deck, and the other one in an upper compartment.

4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment

or hold from -
Vertical separation alone does not meet this requirement between a
package under
 deck and one on deck, a minimum distance of 24 m including a complete
compartment must be maintained longitudinally. For on deck stowage, this
segregation means a separation by a distance of at least 24 m
longitudinally.

Q What is 1,2,3,4 and X as per the Segregation table of IMDG ?

X means that there’s no general segregation requirements between the

nominated classes.

Q What are the classes of DG as per IMDG code ?

The classes of DG as per IMDG code are -
Class 1 Explosives
Div 1.1 Substances and Articles which have a Mass Explosion
Hazard
Div 1.2 Substances and articles which have a Projection
Hazard but
not a MEH
Div 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and
either a
minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both,
but not a MEH
Div 1.4 Substances and articles which present no significant
hazard
Div 1.5 Very insensitive substances which have a MEH
Div 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a MEH

Class 2 Gases: Compressed, Liquefied or Dissolved under Pressure

Class 2.1 Flammable gases

Class 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Class 2.3 Toxic gases
Class 3 Flammable Liquids
Class 4 Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous
combustion;
 substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid
desensitized explosives and polymerizing substances.
Class 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit
flammable gases

Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances
Class 5.2 Organic peroxides

Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

Class 6.1 Toxic substances
Class 6.2 Infectious substances

Class 7 Radioactive material

Class 8 Corrosive substances
Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
Class Marine Pollutant
10

Q What are the Columns of the Dangerous Goods list ?

Q What documents are required to carry the DG?

Document of Compliance
Shipper’s declaration
DG Manifest
MSDS

Q For carrying what all classes you do not require a DOC ?

We do not require a DOC for carrying the following DG.
6.2 Infectious substances
7 Radio active substances – for this we need INF certificate instead
DG in limited quantity
DG which do not posses enough hazard.

Q What are General guidelines for Spillage of IMDG goods

1 Avoid any contact with dangerous substances. Do not walk through spilled
liquids or
dust (solids). Keep away from vapors or gases
2 Sound alarm.
3 Keep the bridge and living quarters up wind if possible.
4 Wear full protective clothing resistant to chemical attack and self-contained
breathing apparatus.
5 Locate stowage position of leaking cargo. Identify cargo.
6 Obtain UN Numbers and the EmS SPILLAGE SCHEDULE of dangerous goods
Involved and follow them appropriately.
8 Be prepared to use the Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG). For first aid
procedures incase of an exposure or injury due to IMDG cargo.
9 Contact the designated person ashore of the company responsible for the
operation of the ship to obtain expert advice on dangerous goods
emergency response measures.

Q What is EmS guide and how to use it ?

 Used in case of fire or spillage emergencies onboard involving packaged
DG.
 Provides procedures to respond to a fire or a spillage of IMDG cargo
without external assistance.
 procedures for action in fire and spillage are provided in two sections
with unique codes as FA, FB, FC…… and SA, SB, SC …. respectively.
 Guidance should be integrated into the contingency plan for shipboard
emergencies and the Shipboard emergency plan must be adhered to in
the event of an emergency.

Q What are General guidelines for fire involving IMDG goods

1. Any contact with dangerous substances is avoided.
2. Fire, smoke, fumes and vapours. Are kept away.
3. The fire alarm is sounded and fire-fighting procedures are started.
4. The bridge and living quarters are kept upwind if possible.
5. Stowage position of cargo that is burning or evolving smoke is located.
6. Cargo is identified.
7. The UN Numbers and the EmS FIRE SCHEDULE of the dangerous goods
involved are found.
8. Be prepared to use the Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG). For first aid
procedures incase of an exposure or injury due to IMDG cargo.
9. Contact the designated person ashore of the company responsible for
the operation of the ship to obtain expert advice on dangerous goods
emergency response measures.

Q What is DOC for IMDG ? Who issues it and when?

Document of compliance for the carriage of dangerous goods in
packaged form
Ships carrying dangerous goods in packaged form need according to
SOLAS II-2/19 and VII a document of compliance issued by the
administration. Validity:

 Cargo ship: Not more than 5 years and should not be extended beyond
the expiry date of the valid Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate.

 Passenger ship: One year and should not be extended beyond the
expiry date of the valid Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.

Q Latest IMDG code?

The IMDG Code, 2022 Edition (inc. Amendment 41-22) comes into force on
1 January 2024 and may be applied voluntarily as from 1 January 2023.

Q Latest IMDG code Amendments ?

 Amendment 41-22.
 A new chapter regarding ‘Portable tanks with shells’ made with FRP.
 A revised consolidated version of the EmS Guide was approved
 The addition of a telephone number to the Lithium battery mark
Q Draw the Labels for IMDG Cargoes ?
Q Define packing group as per IMDG
Except for
Class 1
explosives,
2 Gasses( compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure),
6.2 Infectious substances
and 7 Radioactive
materials
DG have been divided into three packing groups according to the danger
they present.
Great danger Packing Group 1
Medium Danger Packing Group 2
Minor Danger. Packing Group 3
Q How to use IMDG code in Detail?
Get the Proper shipping name or UN number of the cargo you are about to
carry.
Locate the DG cargo in Volume 2 part 3 DG list.
Note down all the information from the provisions such as it packing
group,subsidiary risk,Segregation info, packing provisions, its Emergency
Schedule numbers etc from the row.
Now, open the Volume one and read all the provisions in details.
Open EMS guide and note down the Fire and spill schedule of the cargo.
Open Appendix 15 of MFAG and note down the table no from UN no and
proper shipping name and from Appendix 14 note down the list of medicines
and medical
equipment required.

Q How to use MFAG ?

 First page of MFAG is about “How to use this Guide.” In the form of a flow
chart.
 MFAG is divided into sections which are grouped to facilitate a three-step
approach.
 Step 1 carries emergency action and diagnosis.
 Step 2 includes tables providing brief instructions for special
circumstances.
 Step 3 carries appendices providing comprehensive information, a list of
medicines/ drugs and a list of chemicals referred to in the tables.

Q You see radioactive cargo leaking, Action ?

Action as per the Spillage schedule for Radio active material S-S in Ems
guide
Evacuate the person from the compartment.
Provide the respiratory protection to personnel in the downwind area.
Measure radiation levels.
Limit the entry of personnel to the shortest time.
Cover liquid spill with inert absorbent material or cover powder spill with
tarpaulin.
Exposed person shall shower with warm soapy water and discharge the
water directly
overboard, and give the medical attention.
Radio for expert advice.
Wash spillage overboard with copious amount of water, keep clear of the
affluent.
Allow any gas released to escape freely. Provide adequate ventilation.

Q Checks prior to loading DG ?

 Full details of the cargo like UN Number, PSN, and MSDS shall be
available prior loading any dangerous cargo.
 Packages must be in good condition, not leaking torn etc.
 A damaged DG cargo unit shall never be accepted
 for shipment.
 IMDG Labels and marking are appropriately marked on the packages.
 EmS and MFAG procedures shall be readily available for the cargo.

Q IMDG is applicable to what all modes of transport ?

All modes of transport.

Q Why IMDG became compulsory in 2008 and not before ?

Before 2008 IMDG was only recommended and not compulsory, after
many incidents in vessels specially on containers vessel, IMDG become
compulsory.

Q Is Sulphur covered by IMDG ?

Yes, Sulphur is covered by IMDG its UN number is UN 1350
 However is is also in IMSBC, It is a Group C cargo.

Q Is Gasoline covered by IMDG ?

Yes, it is covered by IMDG, Its UN number is UN 1203, IMDG Packing Group 2

Q So does IMDG apply on a tanker carrying Gasoline ?

No(he wants to hear No), It applies as per IMDG only when it is carried in
packaged
form, When it is carried on an oil tanker it is covered by IBC code.
 CHAIN
REGISTER
Q What is chain register ?
It is a document of tests, examination and certification based on the
requirements of “ILO convention No 152 and recommendation no 160”
for
1 Chains
2 Wires
3 Ropes
4 Lifting appliances
5 Derricks/Cranes

Q What are other names of chain register ?

1 Register of lifting appliances and items of loose gear
2 Form - 99

Q What is the AIM of the chain register ?

To ensure ship’s lifting appliances and items of loose gear are initially
certified by a
competent person and establish periodically that they continue to be in safe
working order to the satisfaction of a competent person acceptable to the
competent authority.

Q Who is a competent person ?

A competent person is a person appointed by a competent authority,
someone who has sufficient knowledge and experience of carrying out
these tests, examination in accordance with the regulations and the
requirement laid by the “ILO convention No
152 and recommendation no 160”.

Q Who is a competent authority ?

The competent authority is the minister, government department or other
authority that issues and enforces regulations, orders or other instructions
and the force of law for the provision concerned.

Q Who issues the chain register ? Who issued the certificate under it ?
Competent person

Q How the certificates are issued in a chain register ?

A Competent person witness and supervises the testing according to the
regulation
Upon satisfactory completion of procedures Competent person issues
and attaches the appropriate certificates.
An entry shall be made in the Part 1 of the chain register.

Q What the contents of a chain register ?

Form No 1 Identity of national authority or competent organization.
Part I Through examination of lifting appliances and loose gear.
Part II Regular examination of loose gear.
Form No 2 Certificate of test and through examination of lifting
appliances
Form No 2U Certificate of test and through examination of Derricks used
in
union purchase
Form 3 Certificate of test and through examination of loose gear
Form 4 Certificate of test and through examination of wire rope
ALTERNATE CONTENTS
PART 1 Initial and periodical load test of lifting
appliances and their annual through
 examination
PART 2 Initial and periodical load test of loose
gear and their annual through
examination
PART 3 Annealing of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels(other
than those exempted)
Q What are the various entries made in chain register ?
1 Name of the ship
2 Port of registry
3 Owners Name and address
4 Entries concerning four yearly examination and annual examinations
5 Through annual examination of cranes, winches and hoists
6 Accessory gear other than derricks
7 The through annual examination for gear exempted from annealing
8 The annealing of gear
9 Recommended factors of safety.

Q What is a Thorough examination ?

Thorough examination means a through visual examination supplemented
by other
means such as a hammer test or gear may be dismantled and overhauled

Q What is annealing ?
Process of heating and subsequent cooling to achieve the softness, ductility
and,
relieve any internal stresses.
The metal is heated to about 20-30 Degrees above the critical point then
after being
held for a while at this temperature it is cooled slowly at the rate of
about 50 degree per hour in the furnace
If it is cooled in air it is called normalizing
It it is immediately quenched in water after heating to critical temperature it
is called
Hardening, it hardens the steel.

Q What all gears are exempted from annealing ?

1 Chains made of cast Iron
2 Plate link Chain
3 Chains, Rings, Hooks, Shackles and swivel made of steel
4 Pully Blocks
5 Hook and swivel having screw threaded part or ball bearings
 RORO
Q What precautions will you take while loading vehicles on roro ships?
Decks must not be wet, greasy or slippery.
All vehicles brakes should be ON & engine in gear
Put chocks to restrict the movement of heavy vehicles.
The ramp must be resting on the jetty in respect to changing draft and
tidal effects must be monitored.
 CONTAINERS
Q What is TEU ?
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit, one of the standard size of containers

Q What are the dimensions of a TEU container ?

20 Feet X 8 Feet X 8 Feet

Q What is FEU ?
Forty Equivalent Unit, one of the standard size of containers

Q What are the dimensions of a FEU container ?

40 Feet X 8 Feet X 8 Feet

Q What is a High cube container ?

A container similar in structure to ISO standard containers, but taller. While a
standard
container has a maximum height of 2591 mm (8'-6"), a high-cube
container is 2896 mm (9'-6") tall.

Q What are the dimensions of a high cube container ?

One foot taller than the standard container, it is 9 foot tall.

Q How will you identify a High cube container ?

Three ways
1 High cube containers will have a Yellow and black bands at the top of the
gates.
We will look for Cubic capacity on the markings of the containers, for big box
2
container
it is 76.4 Cubic meters.
3 It will also say “Caution, 9’6” High cube container” near the door

Q What is custom seal?

One-time door locks, to prevent pilferage and tampering of the goods within,
while on its way to its destination.

Q Can u load if seal is broken or missing?

No, the container must not be loaded with a broken seal until it has been
notified, re inspected for tampering and a new seal has been applied onto it.

Q Action if seal is missing or broken?

Immediately inform the shore authorities of the same.

Q What is Bay Plan ?

On cellular container vessels the stowage locations for containers are
defined in the form of a bay plan.

Q What is Bay-Row-Tier method ?

BAY
Bays are numbered forward to aft
Even number bays - FEU and odd number bays - TEU

ROW
Center row 00
Going from center to stbd will be 01,03,05,07 etc
Going from center to port will be 02,04,06,08 etc

TIER
 Tier number are always even
1st container beginning from hold bottom is 02 then 04,06 and so on.
1st container on the hatch cover is called 82 then 84,86,88 etc.

Q Container 060606 location ?

As per Bay-Row-Tier method
First two digit from left 06 is Bay number, 06th bay from forward, Since bay
number is
Even it is a FEU
Second two digit at middle 06 is Row, Even number means port side 3rd row
from the
center.
First two digit from right 06 is tier, Since tiers under the deck are numbered
02,04,06
only even from the tank top so 06 will be the third container from the tank
top.

Q Who issues DOC for containers?

All containers must be approved by the government of a contracting state to
the
Convention or by an organization that has been approved for that purpose
by that government.

Q Information on CSC plate ?

CSC No, MFG date, ID no, MGW, Allowable stacking, weight for 1.8g, racking test
value, end wall strength, side wall strength, due date for exam.
Q CSC plate, Will b on 20 or 40 footer ?
On Both

Q What are the Markings on a container ?

 ID number including check digit, Iso code, MGW, Tare wt, Net wt, CU capacity, csc plate, repair
reccomendation
Q What does CBCU 200031 stands for ?
CBC First three letters CBC are owners code
U indicates that it is a transport unit.
2 First digit indicates the length of the container, 2 for TEU and 4
for FEU
0 Second digit indicates the width and height of the containers
0 8’0”
2 8’6”
3 8’6”
4 More than 8’6”
6 4’0”
8 4’3”
9 Less than 4’0”
0 Third digit indicates the type of the container.
0 Closed containers
1 Closed and heated container
2 Insulated and heated container
3 Refrigerated container
4 Refrigerated container with removable equipment
5 Open top container
6 platform
7 Tank container
8 Bulk container and livestock
9 Air container.
0 Forth digit specifies the precise sub category of container
within the above type.
1st two are called size code and next two are called type code.

Q What is TARE weight ?

Weight of container when it is completely empty

Q What is payload?
Weight of the cargo in a container.

Q What is Check Digit ?

 Check digit is a single digit number that suffixes the container code, the
check digit is used to make sure that the owner prefix, the model series
identifier and the serial number are genuine.

Q What is Stack Weight ?

The stack weight of a container or hatch cover or deck is the total weight
that can be
safely loaded and carried on the top of the containers or hatch cover or
deck.

Q What is period for testing of a container ?

Under PES(Periodic Examination Scheme) container must be first
examined within
five years of the date on which it was manufactured and thereafter within 30
months of the date of the last examination.
Under ACEP(Approved Continuous Examination Program) The first
thorough examination of a container must be carried out within 30 months
of the date on which it was manufactured. Thereafter the intervals between
thorough examinations must not
exceed 30 months.
The date before which a container must first be thoroughly examined or
next thoroughly examined under a periodic examination scheme must be
clearly marked on the Safety Approval Plate or on a decal (adhesive label)
on or as close as is
practicable to the Safety Approval Plate.

Q What are the features of a containers ?

Strong enough for fixed repeated use
Transportation and handling is easier. Can be stacked on top of each other,
optimizing space usage and.
Containers adhere to strict standards set by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO).
They can be modified and adapted for various storage needs, making them
versatile for different purposes.

Q How to take over a watch on a container vessel ?

Arrive Early, Read Standing Instructions, Review the Event Log, Monitor Loading and
Discharging, Know IMDG Containers
Q How to keep a watch on a container vessel ?
 Ensure containers are loaded as per pre stowage plan, Examine seals has not been
tampered with, Report any damages with containers, reefer containers must be
connected to ship’s power supply, Checks on lashings and securing arrangements done,
Check whether the contianers has been labelled properly as per the manifest.

Q Can you load grains in container holds, under what conditions?

Yes, we can load the grains in containers, provided container was clean,
loaded fully
and is water tight.

Q What are the types of containers?

For various types of cargo which can be

Closed, General purpose
unpacked or packed in bales, cases,
cartons, bags or drums.
For carrying commodity such as tea, coffee
Closed container and cocoa which can get damaged by
ventilated moisture or which
give off moisture.
Used to protect wine cargoes from freezing in
Insulated containers cold
climates and commodities such as butter
 from melting in warm climates.
Refrigerated containers Used for chilled cargoes
Used for granite or marble slabs, glass plates,
Open top containers
plywood sheets etc.
Cargo can be loaded at side by forklifts with
Open sides containers
out
removing the container from the truck or train.
Heavy or high density cargoes not
requireing special protection such as iron
Half height container
and steel bar or sheets, pipes or ingots,
other metals and liquid or
granules in drums.
Normally fitted onto trailers and used on roro
Platforms or flat tracks
ships
or rail cars
Bulk Used for carriage of bulk cargoes
containers
Livestock or pen Carriage of sheep, horse and other livestock.
containers
Used for harmless cargoes such as wine, milk,
Tank or
containers fruit juices, DG liquids such as vegetable oils,
products or chemical or compressed gas.
Tiltable Used for grains
containers
Collapsible
containers

Q What temperature you will maintain for frozen, chilled and air cooled
cargoes ?
Cargo Tem Product
p s
Frozen -8℃ to -12℃ Meat, Butter, Poultry and Fish
Chilled -2℃ to -6℃ Cheese, Eggs and fresh vegetables
Air Cooled 2℃ to 12℃ Fruits

Q What equipment would you check to check the concentration of CO2 ?

Thermoscope

Q At what readings you will ventilate the compartment for refrigerated cargo ?
If CO2 concentration higher than 7% then ventilate.

Q Why is crossdeck on container ship susceptible to damage

Q What are the precautions for loading Reefer containers ?

Compartments must be free from tainting, Air can be sweetened with
ozonator, Scuppers must be sealed with brine, Must be checked for any
damges and seals must be intact, Must be connected to the ships power
supply immediately after being loaded and must be logged for it’s
temperature.
Q Precautions for loading DG containers ?
Before loading DG the company or agent must make available shipper’s
declaration which containers, MSDS
Proper shipping name, UN number, weight, container number, a statement
that the goods have been properly packed and the container is labelled.
From the proper shipping name note down its emergency schedule and
MFAG numbers. Emergency procedures must be integrated to
Shipbd.emgy plan.
If any special equipment such as medicines,medical equipment, safety
equipment & gas detectors etc are required they should be onboard before
loading
Plan the stowage as recommended by the code.
Prior to loading ensure that all crew is briefed about the DG.
Ensure that the container is properly marked and stowed and is not
damaged or leaking.
Carry out an IMDG drill.

Q You see smoke coming out of a container, You Action ?

Q You see smell of gas near a container, suspect leakage, Action ?

Q Can you load a container with marine pollutant in an outboard position ?

Yes.

Q What all equipments are used to lash containers ?

Portable - Lashing rods, Extension, turnbuckles, twist-locks, Connection
Hook(Imp) etc.
Fixed – D-Ring, Pad eye, fixed stacking cone,

Q How containers are lashed ?

Using lashing rod, extension piece, twist locks, connection hook etc.
Containers are lashed with lashing rods ether parallel, Crossed or parallel
lashing with
equalising equipment, outboard containers are lashing with the wind lashing

Q How to load a container on general cargo vessel ?

Refer to the cargo securing Manual Annex 1(Safe stowage and securing of
containers on deck of ships which are not specially designed and fitted for
the purpose of carrying containers.
 Make a Rectangular sling with 4 hooks at the four corners
 Lift the container with the rectangular sling using vessel’s crane.
 Must be stowed in the fore and aft direction and should not extend to
the ship sides.
 When stowing on deck the hatchcovers and decks must not be
overstressed.
 Hatch covers carrying containers should be adequately secured to the
ship.
 When two or more Stacks are made then use should be made of locking
devices, cones, or similar stacking aids, as appropriate.
 Where containers are stowed in cargo holds they must be secured in a
solid block and ensured that the containers are keyed to the tank top.

Q What is Brine ?
Brine means salt water, It is used in a brine trap.

Q What is a brine trap ?

 A brine trap is a crucial component in refrigerated containers
 Brine traps are designed to seal the drain pipe from tween decks to
bilges.
 Preventing Backflow: By allowing only one drain passage from the
 tween deck to the bilges, brine traps prevent any backflow of gases or
foul odors from the bilges to the cargo space.
 Maintaining Seal: The brine in the trap forms an effective seal against
the ingress of warm air.

Q You sight a container leaking on the jetty, Action ?

Q Can you load a DG container without a DG manifest ?

No, as it a safety hazard.

Q How will you identify the IMDG containers if there is no marking, labelling on
that?
From manifest

Q You have DG container 2nd tier on ship side..it catches fire..vessel at sea
your action.
Hint - (EMS,MFAG)

Q what you will do if that container is marine pollutant ? Will you fight the fire ?
Yes

Q What is VGM ?
Verified Gross Mass, combined weight of the container’s tare weight (the
weight of the empty container) and the weight of all cargo, including
packaging and dunnage

Q Who is responsible for the declaration of VGM of a container ?

Shipper.

Q What all methods are used to calculate the VGM ?

There are two methods to calculate VGM
1 Measure the weight of the truck with the container then minus the weight of
the truck
2 Weight all the contents of the container and then add it to the TARE weight.

Q What will you do if a container doesn’t have a VGM ?

 The container will be refused and will not be loaded as it is a safety
hazard. In the absence of the shipper providing the verified gross mass
of the packed container, the container should not be loaded on to the
ship unless the master or his representative and the terminal
representative have obtained the verified gross mass through other
means

 16.1 The SOLAS requirements regarding verified gross mass of a

container carrying cargo (SOLAS regulation VI/2) are expected to enter
into force in July 2016.

 Then issue a letter of protest.

Q What are cell guides ?

 Cell guides are structures installed in cargo holds of container ships, they
do not form an integral part of the ship’s structure.
 Designed to prevent shifting of the containers.
 The cell guides are usually provided with 40 feet length slots for
accommodating FEU 40’ containers. These containers are loaded without
any extra lashing, twist locks or container stackers.
 However, when 20 feet containers,are loaded in these slots, these are
 usually locked by stacker cones in between tiers and stowing a 40 foot
container on the top most tiers.

Q What precautions will you take while loading valuable cargoes ?

 Loading must be overseen by a competent person.
 Secure containers with tamper-evident seals.
 Use sturdy packaging materials.
 Restrict Unauthorized access to spaces containing high value cargo
containers and over stow them.

Q What are advantages and disadvantages of containerisation ?

Advantages
 Flexibility, to load a wide variety of cargo.
 Ease of handling and stowage.
 Faster transportation and less port stay.
 Can be used in various modes of transportation such as by land, air and
by sea.
 Safety and Security of cargo transported.
 Standardised sizes of containers as per ISO.

Disadvantages
 Highly capital initial investment
 Apporpriate training is required for smooth operation
 Infrastructure on land is required to handle the containers.

Q Why are bridge fittings not used on containers nowdays ?

Because of racking stresses.

Q Publications on containers vessel ?

CSC Code, CSS( Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing)
Code, CSM, IMDG code
 CSC
Q What is CSC ?
International Convention for Safe Containers

Q When CSC was adopted and when did it come into force ?
Adoption: 2 December 1972; Entry into force: 6 September 1977

Q What is the AIM of the CSC ?

The objectives of the Convention for Safe Containers are:
 To maintain a high level of safety of human life in the transport and
handling of containers
 Provide generally acceptable test procedures and related strength
requirements.

Q Latest edition of CSC ?

2014 Edition

Q What are the amendments of CSC ?

Q What are the contents of CSC ?

Annex I Regulations for the testing, inspection, approval and
maintenance of containers;
Annex II Structural safety requirements and tests.

Q To what all containers CSC applies ?

To all new and existing containers which are used in international transport
other than those which are specially designed for transport by air

the Convention does not apply to offshore containers

Q What is Container as per CSC ?

A container is defined in the Convention as an article of transport equipment
that is:
of a permanent character & accordingly strong enough to be suitable for
repeated use;
specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or more modes
of
transport, without intermediate reloading;
designed to be secured and/or readily handled
Q What is ISO ?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Q Who is responsible for the maintaining the containers ?

The owner of every container is responsible for maintaining it in a safe
condition.

Q What is the stability requirements for the container cargo ?

Heavy containers must be stowed at the bottom and light ones at the top.
The weight of each containers must be fed into the ship’s loadicator to
ensure that the stresses do not exceed permissible limits and the ship
complies with the minimum
stability requirements as prescribed by IMO.
 IMSBC CODE
Q What is IMSBC code ?
International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, which
replaces the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code)
Adopted on 4 December
2008, entry into force on 1
January 2011

Q Does IMSBC code covers Grain cargoes?

No, The requirements for the transport of grain are covered by the
International
Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk (International Grain Code,
1991).

 Regulation 3 : Requirements for the carriage of solid bulk

cargoes other than grain The carriage of solid bulk cargoes other than
grain shall be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the IMSBC
Code

Q What is the AIM of IMSBC Code ?

 facilitate the safe stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoes
 providing information on the dangers associated with the shipment of
certain types of solid bulk cargoes
 instructions on the procedures to be adopted for the shipment of these
solid bulk cargoes.

Q What are the contents of the IMSBC code ?

IMSBC code has 13 sections & 5 appendixes
General General safety assessment Trim
Section 1 General Provisions
Section 2 General Loading , carriage and unloading precautions
Section 3 Safety of personnel and ship
Section 4 Assessment for acceptability of consignments for safe
shipment
Section 5 Trimming procedures

Section 6 Methods of determining the angle of repose

Section 7 Cargoes that may liquefy
Section 8 Test procedures for cargoes that may liquefy
Section 9 Materials possessing chemical hazards
Section 10 Carriage of solid wastes in bulk

Section 11 Security provisions

Section 12 Stowage factor conversion tables
Section 13 References to related information and recommendations

Appendix 1 Individual schedules of solid bulk cargoes

Appendix 2 laboratory test procedures, associated apparatus and
standards
Appendix 3 Properties of solid bulk cargoes
Appendix 4 Index
Appendix 5 Bulk Cargo Shipping Names in three languages (English,
Spanish and French)

Q What are the contents of the supplements of the IMSBC code ?

1 BLU code (Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk
Carriers)
2 Recommendations on the safe use of pesticides in ships applicable to the
fumigation
Q Latest Edition of IMSBC ?
2024 Edition, brought into force in from 1st Jan 2024. But maybe complied
from 1st Jan 2023.

Q IMSBC latest amendments ?

Q Why IMSBC code replaced BC code ?

(1) To make the Code mandatory (the BC Code being only
recommendatory for implementation by States).
(2) To draw a parallel with the structure of the IMDG Code (e. g. the Code
will be reviewed every 2 years like the IMDG Code).
(3) To include references to the most recent SOLAS Amendments.
(4) To add new products and update information for existing cargoes.

Q What is difference between IMSBC code and BLU code ?

IMSBC Code (International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code):

 Guidelines for the safe carriage of solid bulk cargoes by sea.

 The code aims to ensure the safety of ships, crew, and the environment
during the transportation of these cargoes.
 It classifies solid bulk cargoes based on their properties

BLU Code (Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk
Carriers):

 specifically focuses on the safe loading and unloading of bulk carriers.

 It provides guidelines and recommendations for loading, stowage,

securing, and unloading of bulk cargoes.

Q Can you carry a solid cargo in bulk if it is not listed in IMSBC code appendix 1
?
Yes, If shipper provides a certificate issued by a competent authority stating
the characteristics and required conditions for carriage and handling of the
cargo.

Q What is a Competent authority ?

Competent authority means any national regulatory body or authority
designated or otherwise recognized as such for any purpose in connection
with this Code.

Q What is “Solid Bulk Cargo” ?

Solid bulk cargo means any cargo, other than liquid or gas, consisting of
a combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of
material generally uniform in composition, which is loaded directly
into the cargo spaces of a ship
without any intermediate form of containment.

Q What is Homogeneous cargo ?

Cargo having same uniform cargo particles throughout its composition.

Q What is Dangerous goods in solid form in bulk ?

Dangerous goods in solid form in bulk means any material, other than
liquid or gas,
consisting of a combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of
material, generally uniform in composition, which is covered by the IMDG
Code and is loaded
 directly in to the cargo spaces of a ship without any intermediate form of
containment, and includes such materials loaded in a barge on a barge-
carrying ship.

Q What is Angle of Repose ?

Angle of repose means the maximum slope angle of non-cohesive (i.e.,
free-
flowing) granular material. It is measured as the angle between a
horizontal plane and the cone slope of such material.

Q Draw the diagram of Angle of repose

Q Which is hazardous more or less angle of repose ?

Less

Q Methods to determine Angle of repose ?

Tilt box method, Funnel method

Q What is Flow moisture point ?

Flow moisture point means the percentage moisture content (wet mass
basis) at which
a flow state develops.

Q What is Flow state ?

Flow state means a state occurring when a mass of granular material is
saturated with liquid to an extent that, under the influence of prevailing
external forces such as
vibration, impaction or ship's motion, it loses its internal shear strength and
behaves as a liquid.

Q What is liquefaction ?
Process whereby moisture in the cargo migrates to the surface due to
compaction and
vibration resulting in the development of a flow state.

Q Types of cargo under IMSBC ? OR How do you categories solid bulk cargoes ?
Group A, B and C

Q What is Group A, B and C as per IMSBC ?

Group A consists of cargoes which may liquefy if shipped at a moisture
content in excess of their transportable moisture limit.
Group B consists of cargoes which possess a chemical hazard which
could give rise to a dangerous situation on a ship.
Group C consists of cargoes which are neither liable to liquefy nor
to possess chemical hazards

Q What is High density Solid bulk cargo ?

High-density solid bulk cargo means a solid bulk cargo with a stowage factor
of 0.56
m3/t or less.

Q What is Stowage factor ?

Stowage factor is the number of cubic meters which one tonne of the
material will
 occupy.

Q From where will you get the stowage factor of a cargo ?

From Schedules of the cargo in Appendix 1 in IMSBC

Q What is TML ?
Transportable moisture limit (TML) of a cargo which may liquefy means the
maximum
moisture content of the cargo which is considered safe for carriage in
ships.

Q Define Moisture content.

Moisture content of a sample is the percentage weight of the water
contained in the
weight of the sample.

Q What is Trimming ?
Trimming means any leveling of a cargo within a cargo space, either partial
or total.

Q What are the advantages of trimming ?

1 Weight of cargo spreads evenly over tank top
2 Shifting of cargo is reduced
3 Less contact with air reducing spontaneous combustion.

Q What is CAN test ?

Complementary test procedure for determining the possibility of
liquefaction.

Q How to carry out the CAN test ?

Half fill a cylindrical can or similar container (0.5 to 1 litre capacity) with a
sample of the material. Take the can in one hand and bring it down sharply
to strike a hard surface such as a solid table from a height of about 0.2 m.
Repeat the procedure 25 times at one- or two-second intervals. Examine
the surface for free moisture or fluid conditions. If free moisture or a fluid
condition appears, arrangements should be made to have additional
laboratory tests conducted on the material before it is accepted for
loading.

Q What all information do you get from the Appendix 1 - Individual schedules
of the solid bulk cargo.
Description
Characteristics Angle of Repose
Bulk Density
Stowage factor
Size
Class
Group
Subsidiary hazard(s)
MHB
Hazard
Stowage and segregation
Hold cleanliness
Weather precautions
Loading requirements
Ventilation requirements
Carriage requirements
Discharge requirements
Clean-up requirements
Emergency Procedures PPE to be carried
Emergency procedures
 Emergency action in case of fire
Medical First Aid

Q How do you prepare your holds ?

Sweep the hatch covers, channels ,hatch coamings, ladders, hoppers and
tank top
and collect it in drums.
Remove the bilge cover, burlap and strum box from bilges.
Apply chemicals if required
Wash the Hatch covers, channels, coamings, ladders, hoppers, bulkheads
and tank
top with salt water.
Then rise with fresh water.
Then clean bilges and re-position strum box
Then ventilate to dry the cargo holds.
Then scrap off loose rust and paint flakes
If time permits apply paint on the exposed parts and allow for ventilation.
Try out fixed CO2 system, Bilge water ingress and hold water ingress alarms
Then carry out the hose test or ultrasonic test of the hatch covers
Try out the bilge suctions
Over the bilge cover with burlaps

Q Test procedures to determine TML of a cargo ?

As per IMSBC there are 3 tests to determine the TML of a cargo
1 Flow table test
2 Penetration test
3 Fagerberg test

Q What all cargoes did you carry ?

Alumina, Urea, Soda ash, Potash, Coal, Iron ore, Grain

Q What are the Hazards of Coal ?

1 Emission of Methane
2 Heat spontaneously
3 Deplete the oxygen concentration
4 Reaction with water may make acid which may corrode metal structures
5 Liquefaction.

Q Coal belong to which group ?

Group A and B both.

Q Is Coal a DG cargo ?
No, because the DG cargoes are those the ones covered by IMDG code
but coal is not there in Volume 2 part 3 of IMDG code.
It is covered by IMSBC code.

Q How will you ventilate the cargo hold while the coal is loaded ?
Start the surface ventilation first to dissipate the Methane at the surface
When the methane is in access of 20% LEL.

Q What is Pond coal ?

Coal that has been left in fresh water lake, it has high moisture content.

Q Precautions before/while loading/Discharging coal ? $

Q Safety measures while carrying coal ? $

Q Coal emits which gases ?

Methane

Q At what measurement of Methane will you ventilate the hold

20% LEL.

Q What are the indications that the coal is heating spontaneously ?

When CO reaches 50 PPM it is an indication that the coal is heating
spontaneously.

Q Coal is heating spontaneously, action ?

Once the temperature of coal reaches 55℃and CO is 50 PPM it is a
dangerous
situation.
Stop ventilation and seal all the openings.
Do NOT pour water into the holds
Run deck water and start bounding cooling.
Seek advise from the experts.
Proceed to nearest port of refuge.

Q What are concentrates ?

Concentrates means materials obtained from a natural ore by a process of
enrichment
or beneficiation by physical or chemical separation and removal of unwanted
constituents.

Q Give some examples of concentrates ?

Copper concentrates, Zinc Concentrates, Iron Ore, lead, Manganese, Nickle

Q What are the hazards of the concentrates ?

High Density
Dry shift(Below TML)
Wet shift (Above TML)
Spontaneous combustion.
Q Precautions while loading Concentrates ?
Cargo spread evenly and initially loaded close to structures to avoid
damages.
Cargo and ballast operations must be going side by side as planned and in
any situation loading rates are exceeding deballasting rates then loading
must be halted until the ballast ops has picked up.
Carry cargo only when the it is under the TML.
No cargo work during rain.
Trim to reduce the surface area to reduce oxidation
Shipper must produce a certificate indicating the TML, MC, angle of repose
etc.
In case of stock pile is open in the rain test samples must be taken prior to
loading.

Q Hazards of Iron Ore and how to prevent them ?

Q Properties of Iron Ore.

Q Properties of Sulphur ?
Yellow in color, crystalline at room temperature, insoluble in water.
Toxic in nature
Does not heat spontaneously
Fuses readily when heated

Q What is the hazards of Sulphur ?

Dust explosion
Produces toxic suffocating gas when mixed in fire
Emits Sulphur Dioxide
Reacts with salt water to make acid which corrodes.
Can ignite readily.

Q Why after discharging a hold having Sulphur dust should be hosed down
before sweeping ?
Because Sulphur dust is explosive in nature, sweeping can create sparks and
make Sulphur dust explode, so to reduce the friction it should be hosed
down with FW.

Q How will you prepare your hold for loading Rice ?

Holds should be cleaned thoroughly
Holds should be well dried
Holds shall be ventilated to get rid of any dampness
If there is time permits holds shall be dusted with sawdust and thoroughly
sweeped
with hard brooms.
Bilges shall be cleaned and secured with the gunny sack.

Q Why rice requires elaborate ventilation and drainage system ?

Rice gives off Carbonic acid fumes
Rice gives off its moisture content which leads to sweat.
Rice is liable to heat.

Q What is the percentage ratio loss of weight of rice ?

5% due to moisture content being given out.

Q How would you prepare your hold for loading rice in short notice ?
Sprinkle the holds with sawdust and sweep down thoroughly with hard
brooms.
Q How will you prepare the dunnage in the cargo hold for rice cargo ?
Double Dunnage is laid on the tank top consisting of 8CM square wooden
battens laid
athwartship and 2.5x15cm apart and top one 10 cm apart.
Q Why rice bags are filled with the mixture of clean rice and paddy ?
To prevent formation of aggregate which prevents ventilation.

Q High density cargoes loading precautions

Q Precaution before/while/after loading sulphur ?

Traces or previous cargo removed, bilges suctions, bilge alarms, CH water
ingress alarms tried out and bilges sealed with gunny sacks.
Holds must be coated with Lime
Latest certificate of the stock pile shall be checked.
“No smoking, naked lights” signs should be there in the vicinity of the holds.
No source of sparks such as re-rusting, smoking, hot work or naked lights on
deck.
Sparks arresters are fitted over the funnel and galley exhaust.
Fire patrols must be maintained.
Electric cables near the cargo spaces shall be checked for insulation and
cable passages into the passages shall be sealed.
No oily waste, wood etc near the cargo holds that can catch fire.
In case of sulphur fire fine spray with fresh water or just douse the fire by
shoveling
more sulphur onto it.

Q What to do if there is fire in cargo hold having sulphur ?

 Raise the alarm.
 Send Distress alert and immediately inform the port authorities.
 Crew mustered and accounted for.
 Location and nature of fire and methods to extinguish discussed.
 Sulphur fires can be extinguished by adding more sulphur on top of sulphur fires.
 Avoid using SW for extinguishing fires and using fine spray of FW.
 Release of CO2 can be done if the fire is becoming uncontrollable.
 Shore Fire brigade must be informed and adequate help taken from.

Q Can you load cotton in freshly painted holds ?

No, paint fumes along with the cotton is a fire hazard.

Q Hazards of Cotton ?
Fire
Self Heating
Contamination

Q Precautions while loading Cotton ?

Hold must be perfectly dry & free of oil or grease
Cotton must not be stowed in freshly painted holds.
All bales should be grease/oil free
Dunnage should be free of oil
Fire precautions, Rest same as all cargo

Q How will you prepare your holds to load paper Pulp ?

Q What is ventilation, and how many types of ventilation are there ?

Natural ventilation – Surface ventilation and Thorough ventilation
Forced ventilation – utilizing blowers.

Q Why ventilation is carried out ?

To prevent formation of sweat
Remove taint and smells of previous cargoes
Prevent build up of dangerous gases
Removal of heat
Q What are the hazards of Urea ?
No special hazard
Hygroscopic in nature
Retains water and cakes
Damage paintwork and corrode
Non combustible and low fire risk.
Q What is the chemical formula of fertilizers ?
Ammonium nitrate

Q What are the hazards of the fertilizers ?

Self sustained decomposition if heated
Temperature of this decomposition can reach 500.
Decomposition may spread throughout the hold.
Produces toxic gases
Irritant to skin
Hygroscopic, cakes when wet.

Q What are the hazards of Sugar ?

Ingress of water can cause sugar to dissolve thus creating pockets for cargo
to shift
Fermentation of sugar can release alcoholic vapors which are flammable in
nature.

Q Precautions you will take while loading sugar ?

Cargo must not be wetted by saltwater
Cargo must be loaded all over the hold evenly.
Holds must be watertight
Must be surface ventilated to get rid of the alcoholic vapors.

Q How will you prepare your vessel for loading Cement after loading Dates ?
Cargo to be made free of any residual cargo of dates.
Holds must be very well ventilated to get ride of fumes of previous cargo.

Q Hazards of Salt ?
Dissolves readily in water.
Due to dissolution formation of wet base and shifting.

Q How will you load Salt ?

Hold should be cleaned dried and free of traces of previous cargoes
Holds shall be lime washed or coated with the paint to prevent corrosion.
Salt shall be evenly spread and trimmed.

Q How would you load rubber ?

Rubber is readily damaged by heat
Ventilation shall be carried out to get rid of the heat.
Rubber should be separated from oily cargoes.
Rubber should not be stowed on uneven surfaces
Talc should be spread on surfaces to prevent rubber sticking on it.
Rubber should be separated by ladders sounding pipes etc

Q Difference between IMSBC and IMDG ?

Q The load density of my tank top is 20T, how to load 25T on it ?

Q Rubber and Steel, whose SF is more ?

Rubber
 BLU CODE
Q What are the contents of the BLU code ?
Section 1 Definitions
Section 2 Suitability of ships and terminals
Section 3 Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ship's arrival
Section 4 Procedures between the ship and terminal prior to cargo
handling
Section 5 Cargo loading and handling of ballast
Section 6 Unloading cargo and handling of ballast
Appendix 1 Recommended contents of port and terminal information
books
Appendix 2 Loading or unloading plan
Ship/shore safety checklist for loading or unloading dry bulk
Appendix 3
cargo
carriers
Appendix 4 Guidelines for completing the ship/ shore safety checklist
Appendix 5 Form for cargo information

Q What is the AIM of the BLU code ?

 Assist persons responsible for the safe loading or unloading of bulk

carriers.
 Promote the safety of bulk carriers.
 Prevent accidents Minimize losses of bulk carriers due to improper
loading and unloading practices.


Q What information should be provided by the vessel to the terminal prior to

arrival ?
At the time of initial ETA advice, the ship should also provide details of the
following:
2.1 name, call sign, IMO Number of the ship, its flag State and port of
registry;
2.2 A loading plan, stowage plan, quantity to be loaded
2.3 arrival and proposed departure draughts;
2.4 time required for ballast operations
2.5 the ship's length overall, beam, and length of the cargo area from
the forward coaming of the forward most hatch to the after coaming of
the aft most hatch into which cargo is to be loaded or from which cargo
is to be removed;
2.6 distance from the waterline to the first hatch to be loaded or
unloaded and the distance fro m the ship's side to the hatch opening;
2.7 the location of the ship's accommodation ladder;
2.8 air draught;
2.9 details and capacities of ship' s cargo handling gear;

Q What is an enclosed space ?

Limited openings and access
Unfavorable natural ventilation
Not designed for continuous worker occupancy
Includes but not limited to Cargo spaces, double bottoms,fuel tanks,
ballast tanks, pump rooms, compressor rooms, cofferdams, void
spaces, duct keels, engine
crankcases, sewage tanks.

Q Who is a competent person in enclosed space entry ?

Competent person means a person with :
  sufficient theoretical knowledge and practical experience

 Able to make an informed assessment of the likelihood of a dangerous

atmosphere being present or that could arise in the space.

Q Who is the Responsible person in enclosed space entry ?

Responsible person means a person authorized to permit entry into an
enclosed
 space and having sufficient knowledge of the procedures to be followed.

Q Where do you find the procedure for enclosed space entries ?

SMS
Ship’s permit to work
Maritime safety card
Code of safe working practices.

Q Checks prior to enclosed space entry

Isolation - in Ballast tank turn off the pumps in void spaces turn off the
bunker tanker heating etc
Ventilation -Carry out ventilation and it shall continue for the duration of
the entry
Gases – before checking gases turn off the ventilation and o2 shall be 21%
and h2s,
Ch, CO shall be zero, I don’t care about the TLV.
Illumination – If the fixed lighting system is not there then a portable light
is carried
with a backup light.
Communication – radio communication shall be well estaiblished
Validity – 8 hours

Q What all information is there in the Pre-Arrival Checklist ?

 Arrival plan prepared,
 Certificates and Documents Validity Checked,
 ETA sent to Agents, Pilots,
 All tests carried out as per Arrival/Departure checklists,
 Anchors cleared, and moorings brought upon deck,
 Log Book Entries Checked,
 VHF channels tested and radio check made,
 Information gained from port or pilot regarding: Berthing schedule.

Q What all is there in Ship Shore Safety checklist for bulk carrier?
 GRAIN CODE
Q What is Grain Code ?
International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk

Q When was grain code adopted and brought into force ?

Adopted : 1991
In force : 1st jan 1994

Q Latest amendments of Grain Code

Q Latest Edition of Grain Code

1991 edition

Q Contents of Grain code ?

Annex - International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk
Part A – Specific Requirements
 Section 1 : Application
 Section 2 : Definitions
 Section 3 : DOA
 Section 4: Equivalents
 Section 5 : Exemptions for certain voyages
 Section 6 : Information regarding ship’s stability and loading
 Section 7 : Stability requirements
 Section 8 : Stability requirements for existing ships
 Section 9 : Optional stability requirements for ships without DOA carrying
partial cargoes of bulk grain
 Section 10 : Stowage of bulk grain
 Section 11: Strength of grain fittings
 Section 12 : Divisions loaded on both sides
 Section 13 : Divisions loaded on one side only
 Section 14 : Saucers
 Section 15 : Bundling of bulk grain
 Section 16 : Overstowing arrangements
 Section 17 : Strapping or lashing
 Section 18 : Securing with wire mesh
Part B – Calculation of assumed heeling moments and general assumptions.
Appendix

Q To what all vessels this Code applied to ?

This code applies to ships regardless of size, including those of less than 500
GRT
engaged in carriage of grain in bulk.

Q Define Grain ?
The term grain includes wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses,
seeds and
processed forms thereof whose behaviour is similar to that of grain in its
natural state.

Q What does Filled compartment, trimmed means ?

Any cargo space in which after loading and trimming, the grain is at its
highest
possible level.

Q What does Filled compartment, untrimmed means ?

Means a cargo space filled to the maximum extent possible in the way of the
hatch
opening but which has not been trimmed outside the periphery of the hatch
opening.
Q What does Partly Filled compartment means ?
Cargo space wherein the bulk grain is not loaded to the max level possible.

Q What is angle of flooding ?

The angle of heel at which openings in the hull, superstructure or
deckhouse, which cannot be watertight, immerse.

Q What is specially suitable compartment for loading grain cargoes?

A cargo space which is constructed with at least two vertical or sloping,
longitudinal, grain tight divisions which are coincident with the hatch side
girders or are so
positioned as to limit the effect of any transverse shift of grain.
If sloping the divisions shall have an inclination of not less than 30 degrees
to the
horizontal.

Q What is the angle of repose of Grain cargoes ?

Bulk grain has a low angle of repose (about 20°).

Q How much does bulk grain cargoes settle down due to vibrations of ship ?
by about 2% of its volume

Q What are the hazards of carrying Grains ? How do you prevent those hazards
?
Low angle of repose
Shifting and settling
Self heating
Depletes oxygen.
Germination
Rotting
Expansion
1 Due to vibrations of ship grain settle down even in filled, trimmed by 2%
creating
ample space for grains to shift.
2 Since angle of repose is low, so if ship rolls greater than that angle the grain
will shift.

Q What all vessels can carry grains ?

Vessel with Self trimming holds can carry grains.

Q What are self trimming cargo holds ?

Cargo holds having Upper and lower hoppers
A slope of hopper tank more than angle of repose would make a hold self
trimming. An angle of more than 30 degrees to horizontal is advised in grain
code.

Q Draw the cross section of a vessel having self trimming holds.

Q What is Document of Authorisation (DOA) ?
A DOA shall be issued for every ship loaded in accordance with the
regulations of
grain code either by the administration.
It shall be accepted as evidence that the ship is capable of complying with
the
requirements of these regulation.

Q Documents required to carry Grains ?

DOA
Grain Code
Grain loading manual.
Grain loading plan

Q Can you load Grain cargo without DOA ?

Yes

Q If you can load Grain without DOA, how ?

As per SOLAS Chapter VI, Regulation 9 Para 2, A ship without such a
document shall not load grain until the master satisfies the Administration,
or the Contracting
Government of the port of loading on behalf of the Administration, that the
ship will comply with the requirements of the International Grain Code in its
proposed loaded condition. (After this they might cross question saying, “so
what are those
requirements”)

Q What are the requirements for vessel to load grain without the DOA ?
1 The total weight of the bulk grain shall not exceed 1/3 of the deadweight of
the ship.
All filled compartments, trimmed shall be fitted with a centerline division
extending for the full length of such compartments, downwards from the
2
underside of the deck or hatch covers to a distance below the deck line of
atleast 1/8 of hold breath or 2.4m
whichever is greater.
Instead of Centerline division saucers can be used if loading linseeds or
3
similar cargoes.
All hatches to filled compartments, trimmed shall be closed and covered
4
secured in place
All free grain surface in partly filled cargo space shall be trimmed level and
5
either overstowed, strapped or secured with wire mesh.
6 The GM > 0.3m

Q What are the statical stability requirements for loading grain ?

1 The angle of heel due to the assumed shift of grain shall be not greater than
12°.
In the statical stability diagram, the net or residual area between the
heeling arm curve and the righting arm curve upto the angle of heel of
2
maximum difference between the ordinates of the two curves, or 40° or the
angle of flooding (B-f), whichever is the least,
shall in all conditions of loading be not less than 0.075 meter radians.
3 The initial fluid GM shall not be less than 0.30 meter.
4 Vessel will comply at all stages of voyage the requirement of statical
stability for grain.
5 After loading, the master shall ensure that the ship is upright before
proceeding to sea.

Q Draw the statical stability curve diagram for grains

Q What are the contents of the grain loading booklet ?
1 Ship particulars
2 Light ship displacement and KGs
3 Table of liquid free surface corrections
4 Capacities and center of gravity.
Curve or table of angle of flooding, where less than 40 degree, at all
5
permissible displacements.
Curves or tables of hydrostatic properties suitable for the range of operating
6
draughts and
7 Cross curves of stability which are sufficient for the purpose of the
requirements and
which include at 12 degrees and 40 degrees.

Q What are the methods to secure grains ?

In filled compartment
Longitudinal Division
saucering
Bundling

In partly filled compartment

Longitudinal division
Overstowing
Strapping or lashing
Securing with wire.

Q What is longitudinal division ?

Method to secure a filled or partly filled bulk grain cargo using a grain tight
longitudinal separation.
In a filled compartment height of the board shall be 1/8B below the deck line
or 0.6m below the grain surface
In partly filled compartment both above and below 1/8 of hold breath.
Q What is Saucering ?
It is a method to secure the filled bulk grain cargo to reduce the heeling
moment
instead of longitudinal division.
Saucering shall not be used for cargoes like linseeds.
The top of the saucer formed by the underdeck structure in the way of
hatchway, The saucer and the hatchway above shall be completely filled
with bagged grain.
The saucer shall be fixed in position by steel wire rope, chain etc.
Depth of the saucer shall be
For ship moulded breath > 9.1m
1.2m For ship moulded breath >
18.3m 1.8m
Moulded breadth between 9.1 m and 18.3 m , the minimum depth of saucer
shall be calculated by Interpolation.
Q What is bundling ?
It is a method to secure a partly filled trimmed bulk grain cargo hold.
Depth of the saucer shall be
For ship moulded breath > 9.1m
1.2m For ship moulded breath >
18.3m 1.8m
Moulded breadth between 9.1 m and 18.3 m , the minimum depth of saucer
shall be calculated by Interpolation.
The saucer is lined with a material
Dunnage not less than 25 mm in thickness or other suitable material of
equal strength and between 150 mm and 300 mm in width shall be placed
fore and aft over these lashing to prevent the cutting or chaffing of the
material which shall be placed there on
to line the saucer.
The Saucer shall be filled with bulk grain and secured at the top.

Q What is Over-Stowing ?
Where bagged grains or other suitable cargo is used for the purpose of
securing partly
filled compartments, the free grain surface shall be level and shall be
covered with a separation cloth.
The separation cloth shall be topped off with bagged grain tightly stowed
and extending to a height of not less than one sixteenth of the maximum
breadth of the
free grain surface or 1.2m whichever is greater.
Q What is Strapping or lashing ?
In order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartment,
strapping or lashing
is utilized
The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very slightly
crowned and
covered with burlap separation cloths, tarpaulins or the equivalent.
Two Solid floors of rough 25mm x 150mm to 300 mm lumber shall be laid
with the top
floor running longitudinally and nailed to an athwart ships bottom floor.
Steel wire rope or chain of equivalent strength, each of which shall be set
tightly by
means of a turnbuckle, may be used for lashing.
The lashing shall be positively attached to the framing.

Q How to secure the grain cargo using wire Mesh ?

In order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartment as
follows -
1 The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very
slightly crowned along the fore and aft centerline of the compartment.
2 The entire surface of the grain shall be covered with burlap separation
cloths, tarpaulins etc.
3 Two layers of wire mesh shall be laid on top of the burlap, the bottom layer
is laid athwartship and top longitudinal
4 The boundaries of the wire mesh at the port and starboard side of the
compartment shall be retained by wood planks 150mm X 50mm.
5 Hold-down lashings, running from side to side across the compartment, shall
be spaced not more than 2.4 m apart except that the first and the last
lashing shall not be more than 300 mm from the forward or after bulkhead,
 respectively
6 The hold-down lashings shall consist of steel wire rope, double steel
strapping , or chain of equivalent strength, each of which shall be set tight
by means of a turnbuckle.
Q What is Dry and wet shift ?

Q What would you do if the grain shifts even after taking all the precautions ?
Do not attempt to get into the hold and stow back the grain manually
Proceed the nearest port of refuge.
Contact Lloyd SERS who can help in temporary restoring stability.
 BULK CARRIERS
Q Hazards of bulk cargo ?
Structural
Stability
Chemical

Q What is Bale capacity ?

Volume of the cargo hold occupied by the cargo when loaded in bales.
It is the total volume of the cargo hold minus the volume of the cargo hold
occupied by deck beams, bulkhead stiffeners, spar ceiling etc.
In calculating the bale capacity the
Breadth is taken from the inside the cargo battens,
Depth is taken from the top of the wood sheathing on the tank top to the
under side of the deck beam,
Length is taken from inside of the bulkhead stiffeners

Q What is Grain capacity ?

Grain capacity is the volume of the cargo hold when the cargo is loaded in
bulk.
It is the total volume of the hold including the volume of the cargo hold
occupied by deck beams, bulkhead stiffeners, spar ceiling etc.
In calculating the grain capacity Length, Breath and width is taken right
from the plating.

Q What is Cargo Manifest ? What is DG manifest ?

It is a document used for the custom purposes, it lists all the cargoes that a
vessel carries, it comes onboard after the cargo has been loaded,
I can also be used to tally the carry and check for potential over-carriage.
DG manifest is the cargo manifest for the dangerous cargoes.

Q What is Dead weight cargo ?

Cargo in which the freight is charged on its weight.

Q What is measurement cargo ?

Cargo in which the freight is charged on the volume occupied by the
cargo.

Q What is the purpose of ventilating a hold ?

1 To dissipate heat
2 Dissipate gases
3 Prevent condensation
4 Remove taint.

Q What is Cargo Sweat ?

When the temperature of the air in hold is lower than the dew point
temperature of the air in the environment after ventilation the temperature
of the incoming air decreases
thus its water holding capacity decreases and it gives off it water content
which settles onto the cargo and this is called cargo sweat.
The cargo sweat is not desirable as the water can damage cargo.

Q What is Ship’s Sweat ?

When the air in the cargo hold comes in contact with the colder parts of the
hold
whose temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the air in the
hold, it will give off its water content and this water content is called ship’s
sweat.

Q How will you prevent the formation of the sweat in the hold ?
Ventilate the hold only when the dew point temperature of the air outside
the hold is
 greater then the temperature of the air inside the hold.

Q What is 3 degree rule ?

When ventilating the hold the temp of the hold must be atleast 3 degree
more than the dew point temperature of the air outside.

Q How will you determine the dew point temperature of the air outside the
hold ?
By using whirling pscychrometer
Or by using wet or dry bulk thermometers.
Find the difference of dry and wet bulb temperatures
See the dew point chart for the dry temperature and the difference to get
the dew
point.

Q How would you carry out the surface and through ventilation of the cargo
hold ?
Surface ventilation
Leeward vent away from apparent wind
Windward vent into the apparent wind direction.

Through ventilation
Leeward vent into the apparent wind direction
Windward vent away from the apparent wind direction.

Q What precautions you will take while loading bulk carriers ?

Inspect suitability of holds prior to loading
Ensure that the bilge well alarms, strainer plate, sounding pipes, bilge
suction etc are tested
Protect deck machinery against dust
Put the air conditioning in internal circulation.
While loading high density cargoes initial cargo should be dropped from a
height on the tank top.

Q How does the bilge system of a cargo hold works ?

Water from fire pump runs through an eductor.
The suction of the eductor is connected to the lineup of bilge suction.
We open only one bilge suction at a time for better suction.

Q How do you try out bilges prior to loading ?

Q What is the Load density ?

 Load density of a tank top or hatch cover or tween deck is a weight of the
cargo that
can be loaded per unit area of the tank top or hatch cover or tween deck.

Q Checks you will make in hold before loading cargoes ?

Holds shall be
1 Free of traces of previous cargo
2 Shall be dry
3 Free of any taint
4 Free of loose rust and paint flakes
5 Free of oil, grease, rags or any other debris
Bilges shall be clean, have strum box and covered by burlap.
Hold Water ingress alarms tried out
Bilges tried out
Hatch covers shall be weather tight
Hatch drain plug are in good condition.
Gas sampling point, and temperature port is in good condition.

Q What is Strum Box ?

It is a mesh enclosure that sits on the mouth of the bilge suction in bilges of
a cargo
hold.

Q What is the purpose of the strum box ?

It prevents the solid particles of cargo from entering the bilge system and
getting
discharged overboard.

Q Regulations which govern the Discharge of bulk cargoes in to the sea ?

Q Discharge criteria for discharge of bulk cargoes and hold wash water ?

Q How will you prevent ship sweat/Cargo sweat ?

Through ventilation.

Q What all alarms are there in a cargo hold in a a bulk carriers ?

1 In cargo hold two water level detectors at the aft end of the hold with
visual and audible alarms, one at 0.5m and another 15% of depth of the
cargo hold but not more than 2m.
If hold’s bilges has water ingress alarm system then only the latter alarm.
2 In FPK tank, alarm at sounding of 10% of the tank capacity and overriding
when ballasting it.
3 In any dry or void space other than a chain cable locker, any part of which
extends forward of the foremost cargo hold, giving an audible and visual
alarm at a water level
of 0.1 m above the deck.

Q What is the function of a Non return valve on the hatch cover of a cargo hold
?
Allows the

Q What all codes will you carry on a bulk carrier ?

IMSBC code, Timber code, IMDG code, Grain Code, CSS code.

Q List the Statutory documents to carry bulk cargo.

DOA – to carry grain
IMDG DOC – To carry DG cargo.
Q How will you take over a cargo watch on a bulk carrier?
 mooring lines reasonably tight and being adjusted as required to keep vsl
alongside.
 rat guards placed properly on the mooring ropes, and not just hanging in the air.
 garbage sealed in leakproof bags and placed in their drums and closed with lid.
 Is gangway rigged safely with safety net rigged as per regulations and
illuminated at night.
 warnings posted at gangway:
No unauthorised persons/visitors allowed on board,
No Photography allowed on board, No Smoking allowed on deck and holds.
 Are the national flag and courtesy flag flying between sunrise to sunset
 understood the loading /discharging plan
 Are there “no smoking” warnings displayed in holds
 understood the Ballasting/de Ballasting plan during your watch
 Have you informed Master/Ch. officer of irregularities in loading/discharging.
 Are all the Crane hoist wires, cargo frames/spreaders being checked at random
 breaks
 Are all hatch friction pads being coated with grease lavishly to prevent cracks
and
 metal to metal grinding
 Is the deck free of grease and oil and in a non-slip condition.
 damages to vessel and cargo during operations noted
 Local union regulations regarding instructions on work performed by shore crew
understood.
 Are fire rounds being conducted around the vessel
 Are you recording morning and evening weather and drafts in log book

Q How will you take over a watch while loading Concentrates?

Q Can Solid bulk cargoes be carried as per IMDG ?

Not all solid bulk cargoes be carried as per IMDG,
Only DG cargoes listed in IMDG in packaged or in bulk carried as
per IMDG. For Non DG cargo we use IMSBC.

Q How you will load wood chip ?

Q How will you load wood pulp ?

Normal bulk carrier hold cleaning nothing special.

Q Difference between wood chip carriers and normal bulk carriers ?

The cargo hold space is extended sideways as far as possible to maximize
the
capacity, and the ballast space is arranged only on the bottom of the hull.
The ship is equipped for cargo handling with belt conveyors and cranes
having grab buckets.

Q Is it compulsory to trim the hold ? Then how would you trim under the deck
beam ?
Yes, it is compulsory, or else cargo will have space to shift,
We don’t need to trim under the deck beams, modern bulk carriers have
something
called self trimming holds

Q How will you do a spot test of cargo ?

Q How do you calculate the cargo loaded in your watch ?

Q How to carry out the draft survey ?

 Stop the cargo operation, Ballasting-Deballasting operation, stop any kind of
crane
movements
Make sure that mooring ropes are taut.
Note the drafts all around the vessel
Note the List and trim of the vessel.
Note the soundings of ballast tanks and calculate the weight of the ballast
water.
Get the bunker figure and FW from the engine room.

Q From where do you get the load density of your cargo holds ?
Stability booklet or from capacity plan or load density plan.

Q You are loading cargo of TML 25% but you observe the moisture content is
35%
Stop the cargo
Inform Master
Ask the foreman to get the heap tested again and produce the latest
certificate.

Q Hold carrying coal has caught fire, Action ?

Q Your CO2 line is choked, How will you clear it ?

 I will blow deck air through it.

Q Can you load Timber on bulk carrier ? If yes then as per what ?
Yes, as per Timber Code.

Q What is Chapter 12 of SOLAS ?

Chapter XII: Additional safety measures for bulk carriers

 The regulations state that all new bulk carriers 150 metres or more in
length (built after 1 July 1999) carrying cargoes with a density of 1,000
kg/m3 and above should have sufficient strength to withstand flooding of
any one cargo hold.
 For existing ships (built before 1 July 1999) carrying bulk cargoes with a
density of 1,780 kg/m3 and above, the transverse watertight bulkhead
between the two foremost cargo holds and the double bottom of the
foremost cargo hold should have sufficient strength to withstand flooding
and the related dynamic effects in the foremost cargo.
 Means for Draining and pumping of ballast and void spaces forward of
the collision bulkhead must be provided.
 Hold, ballast and dry space water level detectors will require the fitting of
such audible and visual alarms on all bulk carriers regardless of their
date of construction hold.
 Detectors shall be placed in the aft of the cargo hold.
 Must give audible and visual alarms on the bridge.
 Must give alarms at 0.5m and 15%of the depth of the cargo hold but not
more than 2m.
 Ballast tank forward of the collision bulkhead shall also be provided with
the same alarm which shall activate at not more than 10% of tank being
filled and can be overrided.
 Availability of pumping systems would require the means for draining
and pumping dry space bilges and ballast tanks any part of which is
located forward of the collision bulkhead
 restrictions from sailing with any hold empty and requirements for
double-side skin construction as an optional alternative to single-side
skin construction
 Mandatory the carriage of free-fall lifeboats on bulk carriers.
 Bulk carriers of 150 m in length and upwards shall be fitted with a
loading instrument capable of providing information on hull girder shear
forces and bending moments

Q What all is there in the Chapter 12 of SOLAS ?

There are 14 regulations in chapter 12 of SOLAS
1 Definitions
2 Application
3 Implementation schedule
4 Damage stability applicable to bulk carrier
5 Structural strength of bulk carriers
6 Structural and other requirements for bulk carriers
7 Survey and maintenance of bulk carriers
8 Information on compliance with requirements for bulk carriers
9 Requirements for bulk carriers not being capable of complying with reg 4.3
due to
design configuration and their cargo holds
10 Solid bulk cargo density declaration.
11 Loading instrument
12 Hold, Ballast and dry space water ingress alarms
13 Availability of pumping systems
14 Restrictions from sailing with any holds empty.

Q How will you check the weather tight integrity of a hatch cover ?
Chalk test
Ultra sonic test
Water Hose test

Q Fire in cargo hold in mid sea, Action ? (Wants to hear send distress )
 Raise the alarm.
 Send distress alert on appropriate Radio frequency as per the Sea area.
 Crew muster for firefighting.
 Isolate the area and restrict ventilation.
 Remove any combustibles from the area.
 Commence boundary cooling.
 Release fixed fire extinguishing medium such as CO2.
 Divert the vessel to the nearest port of refuge.
+3

Q When is freight charged on volume and when on weight ?

If SF < 1.2 then weight
If SF > 1.2 then volume

Q You join a vessel and see a △ (Triangle) on the side shell near the deck line
what does
that mean ?
It would mean that the vessel can’t carry cargo with density more than 1780
kg/cu.m

CARGO SECURING
MANUAL
Q What is Cargo Securing Manual ?
This Manual is required on all types of ships engaged in the carriage of all
cargoes
other than solid and liquid cargoes.
Ships carrying cargo units and other entities
 Ship carrying vehicles
Road carrying vehicles
Road vehicles on RO-RO ships
Cargo in Freig container

Q What kind of vessels are required to carry cargo securing manual ?

Vessel engaged in carriage of all cargoes other than Liquid or solids in bulk.

Q What are the contents of Cargo securing manual ?

Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 Securing device and arrangements
Chapter 3 Stowage and securing of Non-standardized cargo
Appendix 1 Specification for fixed cargo securing devices
Appendix 2 Specification for portable cargo securing devices
Appendix 3 Guidance as to the recommended location and method of
stowing
and securing of cargoes

Q What all information do you get from the Cargo securing manual ?
Details of fixed securing arrangement and their location eg eye pad, eye bolt
etc
Location and stowage of portable securing gear
Details of portable securing gear including an inventory of item provided and
their
strengths.
Examples of correct application of portable securing gear on various cargo
units,
vehicles and other entities carried on the ship.
Indication of the variation of transverse, longitudinal and vertical
acceleration to be
expected in various positions onboard the ship.

Q What all lashing materials are used on feeder vessels ?

Q You vessel does not have a cargo securing manual so how will load the
cargo ?
I will refer to CSS – Code of safe practices of cargo stowage and securing.

Q What is CSS ?
Code of safe practices for cargo stowage and securing
This code applied to cargoes carried onboard other than solids and liquids
bulk cargoes and timber stowed on deck and in particular to those cargoes
whose stowage
and securing have proved in practice to create difficulties.

Q What is the AIM of the CSS ?

To provide international standards to promote the safe stowage and
securing of
cargoes.

Q What are the contents of CSS ?

Chapter 01 General
Chapter 02 Principles of safe stowage and securing of cargoes
Chapter 03 Standardized stowage and securing systems
Chapter 04 Semi-standardized stowage and securing
Chapter 05 Non- standardized stowage and securing
Chapter 06 Actions which may be taken in heavy weather
Chapter 07 Actions which may be taken once the cargo has shifted
Safe stowage and securing of containers on deck of ships
Annex 01 which are not specially designed and fitted for the purpose of
carrying
containers
Annex 02 Safe stowage and securing of portable tanks
Annex 03 Safe stowage of securing of portable receptacles
Annex 04 Safe stowage and securing of wheel based cargoes
Safe stowage and securing of heavy cargo items such as
Annex 05
locomotives, transformers etc
Annex 06 Safe stowage and securing of coiled sheet steel
Annex 07 Safe stowage and securing of heavy metal products
Annex 08 Safe stowage and securing of anchor chains
Annex 09 Safe stowage and securing of metal scrap in bulk
Annex 10 Safe stowage and securing of flexible intermediate bulk
containers
Annex 11 General guidelines for the under-deck stowage of logs
Annex 12 Safe stowage and securing of unit loads
Methods to access the efficiency of securing arrangements for
Annex 13
non- standardized cargo
 GENERAL CARGO
VESSEL
Q What is SWL ?
SWL is the max weight that an object can bear safely in a normal day to day
work.

Q What is breaking stress ?

It is the stress at which the component will fracture.

Q How you will condemn a wire rope ?

Wire ropes are inspected once every 3 months,
If more than 10% of the wire in a length of 8X the dia is broken then
condemn.

Q What checks will you carry out for new wires, blocks, shackles ?
 First check their certificates and cross check with their information
engraved or tagged,
 Uncoil wires with turntables.
 Lubricate if required and store away from direct contact with seawater to
avoid corrosion.

Wire ropes –
Check dia with vernier,
SWL in certificate,
and that the certificate is issued by a competent authority.

Blocks -
Check sheaves are free to rotate.
SWL in certificate,
Visual check

Shackles -
SWL in certificate,
Visual check

Q What is proof load ?

While testing an object we apply a load more than its SWL, that load is
called Proof
load.

Q What is the formula to calculate the Proof load ?

Q For a derrick if SWL = 10T then what is the proof load ?

12.5 T

Q If SWL of a derrick = 20T, its proof load ?

25 T
Q What is a Derrick ?
Derrick is the assembly of a boom mounted on a post with a swivel
controlled by
tackles and winches.
Q Difference between a crane and derrick.

Q Advantages of Crane over derrick

Cranes have better visibility than derricks
Cranes are one man operation.
We can set limits which makes the operation safe.
If power is cut and the hydraulic motor shuts down then the load is still
suspended in
air and there are provisions to bring the load down safely.
Automatic cut-outs can be electronically set to prevent weights more than
SWL to be
lifted.

Q Draw the diagram of a derrick.

Q What is the advantage of a Derrick ?

Q Types of derrick ?
Simple Derrick - 2-20 tonnes SWL
Jumbo Derrick – 50 tones SWL
Stuelcken Derrick – 500 tonnes SWL

Q What are the tests of a derrick ?

There are two types of test for a derrick Static Test and Dynamic Test
Static Test – Hook up the derrick to a strong point and a spring balance
on deck and apply the proof load and then visually inspect the derrick.
Dynamic Test – Hook up a variable weight to the derrick and then increase
the weight until a proof is achieved and then visually check the Derrick for
deformity.

Q What is Union purchase ?

 It is a combination of two derricks such that one derrick is plumbed over the
hatch and
the other towards the shore side and they have been coupled by a single
union hook.
It is used because a single derrick is very tedious.

Q Draw the diagram of the Union purchase.

Q How SWL of a union purchase is calculated ?

It is 1/3rd of the least SWL derrick used.

Q What is the operating angle of derrick in union purchase ?

Should not be less than 30 degrees to the horizontal.
Under no circumstances less than 15 degrees

Q What is the maximum angle between the cargoes wires in union purchase ?
Why ?
Max 120 degrees
To minimize the force in the rig.

Q Precautions while using a union purchase ?

SWL must not be exceeded
Operating angle between the derrick must never be less than 30 degrees
Maximum angles between the cargo wires must not be greater than 120
degrees.
Long slings must not be used.
Load must not be lifted above the safe limit.
Runners should not rub against hatch covers.
An experienced winchmen must be used.

Q What is monkey plate ?

 A plate in Union purchase where tow running wire meets the union hook.

Q How will you rig a purchase to advantage and disadvantage ?

Advantage – When the load moves in the same direction as the effort
Disadvantage – When the load moves in opposite direction to the effort.

Q What is Mechanical advantage ?

Ratio of load and effort.

Q What is velocity ratio ?

Ratio of velocity of effort to the velocity of load

Q What is Broken stowage ?

A broken stowage is the space between the packages which remains
unfilled.

Q Why we add the broken stowage to the stowage factor ?

To get the realistic space which the cargo occupies.

Q Checks you will do before using crane ?

Q From where you will find the SWL of the crane ?

From general arrangement, cargo gear arrangement plan

Q Precautions taken to load the heavy lift ?

All gear used must be carefully visually examined.
All gear involved must have adequate SWL.
Free surface effects must be eliminated and slack tanks to be pressed up or
transferred.
Area to be loaded must be clear of any equipment and personnel must
remain far away from the load. Dunnages must be laid
Vessel must have adequate GM before lifting.
Vessel must be initial upright, mooring ropes must be taut, gangway cleared
of jetty.
Fenders rigged and gangways lifted.
All departments are informed.
Steadying lines must be rigged at the center of the load.
 Rail guards must be removed.
Load not to be concentrated at one place but spread on a large area using
dunnage
Load density of the deck must not be exceeded.
Deck cargo must not extend beyond the ship side.

Q Breaking strength of 6*24 Wire rope ? What does and 24 stands for ?
6 strands and 24 wires

 6*12 BS : 15d2/500
 6*24 BS : 15d2/500
 6*37 BS : 15d2/500

Q What is the use of dunnage ?

Distribute the load
Absorb the impact of vibrations
Keep the cargo away form the ship’s plating from cargo and ship sweat.
Protects against soiling and contamination.
Physically separate the cargo.

Q What is Dunnage ?
Dunnage is material used to protect the cargo from moisture, contamination
and
mechanical damage eg Plank, Canvas, Plastic etc.

Q how will you put dunnage on the cargo holds ?

On the tank top dunnage should be double layer and spaced approximately
1 m apart.
Dunnage must be consisting of wooden beam 50mm X 50mm or broader.

Q Why will you put the lower dunnage athwartship ?

Because if lower dunnage is

Q List the various types of dunnage

There are 4 types of dunnage
Floor Dunnage
Lateral Dunnage
Inter-layer Dunnage
Top Dunnage

Q How you will lay the dunnage on deck ?

Q For loading Rice how will you lay down the dunnage ?
Lay down dunnage in double layers, bottom layer fore and aft so that
the water can drain, and 2nd layer athwartship 25-30cm away.
Also lay dunnage on shipside running up and down to keep the rice away
from the ship side.
Lay bamboo mat or craft paper on top of the dunnage
Then load of bales in hold on the top of one another
Bales shall be loaded in bales in columns with atleast 20cm spaces all
around the bale columns to allow for ventilation
Every 5th tier of the bales shall be a locking bale to prevent the shifting of
bale into the 20cm ventilation column.
Every 10th tier the bottom dunnage shall be duplicated.
Lay top of the cargo shall be covered by craft paper.

Q What are the hazards of Steel coils ?

If they shift they can damage other coils and even rupture ship sides.

Q How will you load and secure Steel coils ?

 Coils should be given bottom stow and,be stowed in regular tiers
 from side to side of the ship.
 Coils should be stowed on dunnage laid athwartship. Coils should be
stowed with their axes in the fore-and-aft direction.
 Each coil should be stowed against its neighbor.
 Wedges should be used as stoppers when necessary during loading and
discharging to prevent shifting
The final coil in each row should normally rest on the two adjacent coils.
The mass of this coil will lock the other coils in the row.
If it is necessary to load a second tier over the first, then the coils should be
stowed in between the coils of the first tier.
Any void space between coils in the topmost tier should be adequately
secured.

Q How will you lash steel coils ?

Steel coils are loaded side plate to side plate
Wedges are placed under the coils in the lower tier to arrest the sideways
movement.
Last coil of a tier is used as a locking coil, the weight of the locking coil itself
is
sufficient to counter the sideways movement of a coils to an extent.
Empty space in between the neighboring coils or the coils and bulkheads
shall be
chocked with dunnage.
The objective of securing is to form one large, immovable block of coils in
the hold by
lashing them together.
To prevent movement sideways we use either group Lashing or Olympic
lashing.
To prevent fore and aft movement we secure only the end row of the top tier
coils by lashing them with wires running athwartship securing to the
bulkheads side to side.
Lashing shall be check and tightened during the voyage.
Q How will you load Steel pipes ?
Dunnage laid athwartship on deck and up and down on the sides.
Pipes stored with the axis longitudinally.
Stowed shall be from side bulkhead to side bulkhead.

Q Advantages and disadvantages of palletisation ?

Advantages
It eliminates the cost of heavy packing
Reduces handling and thereby labors required
Increases the speed of loading and discharging
Reduces the amount of dunnage required
Permits cargo to be stored compactily and tidly therby reducing broken
stowage
Facilitates tallying of cargo.

Disadvantages
Loss of space of the hold is not square
Loss of space below bulk head
Loss of space due to space occupied by the pallet
Extra cost of pallet.

Q Rice has more SF or steel coils?

Rice has more Stowage factor.

Q What is Snatch Block ?

A block which has a hinge on one of the face which can be opened outwards
and a
rope can be put onto the sheave along the point in any length of the ship
as oppose to a normal block where rope can be put onto a sheave only
through either ends.

Q What all cargoes are carried by the general cargo vessel ?

Q What is standardized semi standardized and non standardized cargo ?

“Standardized Cargo” means cargo for which the ship is provided with an
approved securing system based upon cargo units of specific types.
“Semi-standardized Cargo” means cargo for which the ship is provided
with a securing system capable of accommodating a limited variety of
cargo units, such as
vehicles, trailers, etc.
“Non-standardized Cargo” means cargo which requires individual
stowage and
securing arrangements.
Q Will you use an Equipment whose SWL has been exceeded ?
No

Q Where can you use an equipment whose SWL has been exceeded ?
The only time we can use an equipment whose SWL has been exceeded will
be when the equipment was being tested in factory and when the
equipment is being used as a
ground tackle.

Q How many types of wires ropes are there ?

Q How will you carry out the maintenance of wire rope ?

Q How you will load DG in general cargo vessel ?

Q What is unitization ?
Consolidating several small packages of cargoes into one unit with bands or
shrink wrappers to form a one single unit with a base like a pallet to allow
easy loading-
discharging and handling.

Q What is preslung cargo ?

The cargo is loaded in units with the lifting slings in place so that at the port
of
discharge is only necessary to hook in the slings and lift off the cargo.

Q Can you load container on a general cargo vessel ?

Yes, If the GCV is provided with special gear for lashing and securing the
containers
are available.

Q What precautions will you take while loading ballasting/deballasting ?

Should be carried out as per Mate’s instructions
Manhole covers checked and air vents must be free.
Tanks must not be pressed up as it put stress on the tank top
Soundings/flowrates must be monitored continuously.
Damage to electrical cables on shore /cargo
/violation of port regulations & stevedores’ laws prohibit you from doing so
and heavy stress on tank top/bulkheads is caused by overflowing the tanks.
While deballasting overboard discharge must be sighted regularly for
presence of oil or effluents
A BWTS plant must be used and the TRO ( total residual oxidants) values
must be as per the manufacture's instructions.
 TIMBER CODE
Q What is Timber code?
Code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes
Brought in force in 1991

Q What is the AIM of Timber code

The purpose of the Code is to ensure that timber deck cargoes are loaded,
stowed
and secured to prevent, as far as practicable, throughout the voyage,
damage or hazard to the ship and persons on board as well as loss of cargo
overboard
The Code provides:
1 Practices for safe transportation;
2 Methodologies for safe stowage and securing;
3 Design principles for securing systems;
Guidance for developing procedures and instructions to be included in ships'
4
cargo securing manuals on safe stowage and securing; and
5 Sample checklists for safe stowage and securing.

Q To what vessel Timber code applies to ?

The provisions of this Code apply to all ships of 24 meters or more in length,
carrying a
timber deck cargo.

Q What are the contents of Timber Deck Cargoes ?

1 General
2 Stability
3 Stowage
4 Securing
5 Personal Protection and safety devices
6 Action to be taken during voyage.

Q What is Timber ?
Timber is used as a collective expression used for all types of wooden
material
covered by this Code, including both round and sawn wood but excluding
wood pulp and similar cargo.

Q What is Timber load line ?

Q Draw Timber load lines.

Q Why ships can carry more when they load Timber ?

Because load lines are decided keeping reserve buoyancy as a safety factor
but when timber is loaded we have more reserve buoyancy because timber
floats on water so it
adds its own buoyancy to the reserve buoyancy.

Q How will you prepare your vessel for loading Timber ?

hatch covers and other openings to spaces below that area should be
securely closed
and battened down;
air pipes and ventilators should be effectively protected and check-valves or
similar
devices should be examined to ascertain their effectiveness against the
entry of water;
objects which might obstruct cargo stowage on deck should be removed and
safely
secured in places appropriate for storage;
the condition of friction-enhancing arrangements, where fitted, should be
checked;
accumulations of ice and snow on such area should be removed;
 it is normally preferable to have all deck lashings, uprights, etc., readily
available
before loading on that specific area. This will be necessary should a
preloading examination of securing equipment be required in the loading
port; and
all sounding pipes on the deck should be reviewed and arrangements
made that access to these remain as far as practicable.

Q How will you load timber on your vessel ?

Q How will you lash timber on board your vessel ?

Every lashing shall pass over the timber deck cargo and be shackled to eye
plate or
strong point.
All lashing and components used for securing should possess breaking
strength of
not less than 133Kn.
Every lashing should be provided with a tightening device or system so
placed that it
can safely and efficiently operate when required
The load to be produced by the tightening device or system should not be
less than
27Kn in the horizontal part and 16 Kn in the vertical part
Upon completion and after the initial securing the tightening device or
system be left
with not less than half the threaded length of screw to be tightening in
the voyage
Every lashing should be provided with a device or an installation to permit
the length of
the lashing to be adjusted.
The spacing of the lashing should be such that the two lashings at each end
of each
length of continuous deck stow are positioned as close as practicable to
the extreme end of the timber deck cargo.
for a height of 2.5 m and below, the maximum spacing for and aft should be
3 m;
for heights of above 2.5 m, the maximum spacing should be 1.5 m; and
on the foremost and aft-most sections of the deck cargo the distance
between the lashings according to above should be halved.

Q Draw the diagram of Timber lashing

Q Precautions to be while while Timber is on board your vessel
Constant supervision necessary to achieve a solid stow at all stages of
loading
The ship must be kept upright at all times to prevent unnecessary stress on
the uprights and shift of cargo or unsymmetrical loading
The cargo must be kept free of accumulation of ice and snow.
Safe and satisfactory means of access to crew quarters, pilot boarding area,
machinery spaces and all other areas used for the necessary working of the
ship must be provided at all times.
Access to be maintained to safety equipment, controls for the remote
operation of valves, pumps etc, emergency steering gear, sounding pipes
etc
Height of the deck cargo should be such not to impair visibility from the
bridge.
Deck cargo shall not extend beyond the ship side.
Proper lashing to be taken as per timber code.
Chocking have to be carried out in between the spaces of cargo by using
dunnage.
Lashings shall be inspected and tightened during voyage

Q What is Hog Wire ?

Lashing wire for timber deck cargo that runs transversely from the pad eye
of port
uprights to starboard uprights at 2/3rd of the height of the stow.

Q What is Wiggle Wire ?

The wire that runs zig-zag from port to starboard in longitudinal direction
kinda like
shoelaces through snatch block and turnbuckle in top over lashings

Q What should be the spacing of the Uprights while loading Timber ?

Not exceeding 3 m so that preferably all sections of the stow are supported
by
at least two uprights;

Q Draw the statical stability curve diagram of Timber

Q Timber code is covered by what chapter of SOLAS ?

Q What checks you will do while using second hand dunnage as dunnage
and new timber as dunnage ?
Ensure that the
Second hand dunnage is free of stains, nails, large splinters etc
 New timber is free from strong smells or resin coatings.

Q What are the hazards of the timber deck cargoes ?

Water absorption
Ice accereation
Free surface of slack tanks
Water trapped within log
Cargo shift due to improper lashing
Reduced GM.

Q Why are timber loadlines different ?

Timber load line:- A timber deck cargo may be regarded as giving a ship a certain additional
buoyancy and a greater degree of protection against the sea.. For that reason ships carrying a
timber deck cargo may be granted a reduction of freeboard
 SOLAS
Q What is SOLAS ?
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

Q When was SOLAS adopted ? Date of entry of Force ?

Adopted on 1 November 1974, Entered into force on 25 May 1980

Q Latest SOLAS Edition ?

SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2020

Q Latest SOLAS amendments

1 Damage control drills every 3 months
2 Foam type extinguisher of atleast 135 L capacity for boilers.
3 New SOLAS chapter 14
4 SCBA requires a audible and visual alarm when air < 200L, Pressure gauge
= Visual
5 2 explosion proof radios for firefighters
6 Requirements for ships using low flashpoint fuels.

Q Contents of SOLAS ?
Chapter I General provisions
Chapter II-1 Construction - Structure, subdivision and stability, machinery
and
electrical installations
Chapter II-2 Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire
extinction
Chapter III Life-saving appliances and arrangements
Chapter IV Radiocommunications
Chapter V Safety of navigation
Chapter VI Carriage of cargoes and oil fuels
Chapter VII Carriage of dangerous goods
Chapter VIII Nuclear ships
Chapter IX Management for the safe operation of ships
Chapter X Safety measures for high-speed craft
Chapter XI-1 Special measures to enhance maritime safety
Chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security
Chapter XII Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
Chapter XIII Verification of compliance
Chapter XIV Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters
Chapter XV Safe carriage of Industrial personnel

Q Define weather tight as per SOLAS

Weathertight means that in any sea conditions water will not penetrate into
the ship.

Q Define water tight as per SOLAS

Watertight means capable of preventing the passage of water through the
structure under a head of water for which the surrounding structure is
designed.

Q Steering gear test and checks as per SOLAS ?

Q All types of Fire doors as per SOLAS ?

Q What are Class A divisions ?

 A” class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads and decks which
comply
with the following criteria:
Made of Steel or equivalent material.
They are suitably stiffened
they are insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the
average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C
above the original temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point,
including any joint, rise more
than 180°C above the original temperature, within the time listed below:
class “A-60” 60
min class “A-30”
30 min
class “A-15” 15
min class “A-0”
0 min
they are so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of
smoke and
flame to the end of the one-hour standard fire test; and

Q What is a Class B division ?

“B” class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings
or linings
which comply with the following criteria:
they are constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all
materials used in the construction and erection of “B” class divisions are
non-combustible, with the
exception that combustible veneers may be permitted provided they meet
other appropriate requirements of this chapter;
they have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the
unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above the original
temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any
joint, rise more than 225°C above the
original temperature, within the time listed below:
class “B-15” 15 min
class “B-0” 0 min

Q What is Class C division ?

“C” class divisions are divisions constructed of approved non-combustible
materials.
They need meet neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and
flame nor limitations relative to the temperature rise.

Q Difference between weather tight door and Water tight door

Q Define Watertight Integrity

Q What is Standard Fire test ?

A standard fire test is a test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads
or decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding
approximately to the standard time-temperature curve in accordance with
the test method specified in the
Fire Test Procedures Code.

Q What SOLAS says about the visibility from the bridge ?

According to SOLAS chapter V, the view of the sea surface from the conning
position should not be obscured by more than two ship lengths, or 500 m,
whichever is the
 less, forward of the bow to 10° on either side under all conditions of draught,
trim and deck cargo.

Q List all the Drills and their frequency that needs to be done as per SOLAS ?
Fire drills – Every within 24 hours of dep if 25% crew changed
month,
Abandon ship Drill – Every within 24 hours of dep if 25% crew changed
month,
Lifeboat drill – Once every 3
months
 Oil spill drill – Once every 3
months
Rescue from enclosed space drill – Once every two
months
MOB drill - Once every two
months
Emergency Steering
Drill

Q How will you carry out fire drill ?

Q How will you carry out an Emergency Steering Drill ?

Q You hear abandon ship orders, Your action as 2nd officer ?

Q What is SOLAS training manual ? Its chapter and regulation ?

A training manual complying with the requirements of Chapter 3 , section 5 ,
regulation 35 shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room
or in each crew cabin.
shall contain instructions and information, in easily understood terms
illustrated wherever possible, on the life-saving appliances provided in the
ship and on the best
methods of survival.
donning of lifejackets, immersion suits and anti-exposure suits, as
appropriate;
muster at the assigned stations;
boarding, launching and clearing the survival craft and rescue boats,
including, where
applicable, use of marine evacuation systems;
method of launching from within the survival craft;
release from launching appliances;
methods and use of devices for protection in launching areas, where
appropriate;
illumination in launching areas;
use of all survival equipment;
use of all detection equipment;
with the assistance of illustrations, the use of radio life-saving appliances;

Q What is the latest drill added in SOLAS ?

Rescue from enclosed space
drill

Q What is CSR (continous synopsis report)

Q What is ESP ?
Enhanced Survey program.

Q All certificates as per SOLAS

Q What are FORM A, B, C, E,R, P ? (Don’t say they are certificates, they are
supplements )
These forms are only supplements and record, DO NOT say that these are
certificates
FORM Supplement of Contains
record of construction and
FORM A IOPP certificate
equipment
for ships other than oil
 tankers.
record of construction and
FORM B IOPP certificate
equipment
for oil
tankers.
record of equipment for cargo
FORM C Cargo ship safety certificate
ship
safety.
FORM E Cargo ship safety equipment Record of equipment for cargo
ship
 certificate safety
Safety radio certificate for Record of equipment for cargo
FORM R
cargo ships ship safety radio
Safety certificate for Record of equipment for
FORM P
passenger ships passenger ship safety

Q How would you prepare your vessel for SEQ survey ?

Q What is Muster List ?

Muster list provide information regarding shipboard emergencies with
respect to the
Alarms, muster, division of teams, roles of various crew member and
substitute of key persons during various emergencies.

Q What is Muster card ?

Muster card is a placard placed in the cabin that mentions the duties of the
occupier’s of the cabin.

Q How teams are divided in muster list ?

Command team
Emergency team
Technical team/ER team
Support team

Q Where is muster list displayed ?

In conspicuous places including CCR, bridge, ECR, messrooms

Q What is General emergency alarm, Fire alarm and MOB alarm.

General Emergency Alarm – Seven or more short blasts followed by one long
blast
Abandonship – GEA followed by master’s verbal order
Fire alarm – Continuous ringing of alarm
MOB – 3 long blasts (Morse for OSCAR)

Q How would you prepare a Muster list for 15 people ?

Q MOB, Action ?
 LSA CODE
Q What is LSA code ?
International life-saving appliance(LSA) Code.

Q What is the AIM of the LSA Code ?

The purpose of this code is to provide international standards fro life-saving
appliances required by chapter III of international convention for the SOLAS

Q How many chapters are there in the LSA code ?

7

Q What are the contents of the LSA code ?

Chapter I General
1.1 Definitions
1.2 General requirements for life-saving appliances
Chapter II Personal life-saving appliances
2.1 Lifebuoys
2.2 Life jackets
2.3 Immersion suits
2.4 Anti-exposure suits
2.5 Thermal protective aids
Chapter III Visual signals
3.1 Rocket parachute flares
3.2 Hand flares
3.3 Buoyant smoke signals
Chapter IV Survival craft
4.1 General requirements for liferafts
4.2 Inflatable liferafts
4.3 Rigid liferafts
4.4 General requirements for lifeboats
4.5 Partially enclosed lifeboats
4.6 Totally enclosed lifeboats
4.7 Free-fall lifeboats
4.8 Lifeboats with a self-contained air support system
4.9 Fire-protected lifeboats
Chapter V Rescue boats
5.1 Rescue boats
Chapter VI Launching and embarkation appliances
6.1 Launching and embarkation appliances
6.2 Marine evacuation systems
Chapter VII Other life-saving appliances
7.1 Line-throwing appliances
7.2 General alarm and public address system

Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys ?

Outer dia – <
1
800mm Inn Dia -
>400 mm
Weight > 2.5 Kg
2
MOB marker > 4
Kg
3 Made of inherently buoyant Material
4 Can support 14.5Kg of iron in FW for 24 hours
5 Shall withstand 2 sec in fire.
6 Shall withstand drop from stow height in lightest seagoing draft or 30 m
whichever is
 greater.
Grabline, shall be secured at 4 equidistant
7 points Dia - 9.5mm,
Length – 4X outer dia of LB
8 Readily available on both sides of the ship
9 1 in the vicinity of the stern
10 Atleast one on each side with a buoyant lifeline
11 Atleast 50% shall be fitted with SI light
12 All types to be evenly distributed on both sides

Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys’ SI light?

Waterproof
White in color
2 cd
2 hours
50-70 flashes pm
Shall withstand drop test as same as LB

Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys’ smoke?

Emit highly visible smoke
15 min
Shan’t emit flame while smoking
Can smoke even when submerged in water for 10 sec
Shall withstand drop test as same as LB
Shall always be in MOB

Q What are the specifications for Buoyant lifelines ?

Non Kinking
Dia > 8mm
Breaking strength of not less than 5kN

Q Difference between Lifebuoy and MOB marker ? Why MOB is heavier ?

Lifebuoy’s weight is > 2.5 Kg while, MOB marker is > 4Kg
MOB marker shall be installed with quick deployment mechanism
MOB marker is with smoke.

Q How may lifebuoys shall be carried ?

Length of ship in Minimum number of lifebuoys
meters
Under 100 8
100 and under 150 10
150 and under 200 12
200 and over 14

Q What are the specifications for LJ ?

Shall withstand 2 sec in fire.
at least 75% of persons, who are completely unfamiliar with the lifejacket,
can correctly don it within a period of one min without assistance, guidance
or prior demonstration;
after demonstration, all persons can correctly don it within a period of
one minute without assistance;
it is clearly capable of being worn in only one way or, as far as is
practicable, cannot be donned incorrectly;
it is comfortable to wear;
it allows the wearer to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water
without injury
and without dislodging or damaging the lifejacket.
shall have buoyancy which is not reduced by more than 5% after 24h
submersion in
 fresh water.
shall be fitted with a whistle and SI light firmly secured by a cord
lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious person not less than 120 mm
clear of
the water with the body inclined backwards at an angle of not less than 20°
from the vertical position;
turn the body of an unconscious person in the water from any position to
one where the mouth is clear of the water in not more than 5 s.
shall allow the person wearing it to swim a short distance and to board a
survival craft.

Q Technical specification of Lifejacket SI light ?

Luminous intensity not less than 0.75 Cd
Battery shall last for 8 hours
White in color
Manual operation switch
50-70 flashes Per minute

Q How many LJ should be carried ?

For every person onboard + additional for watch-keepers in control stations

Q Requirement for Oversized LJ, How many should be carried ?

Q Technical requirements for Immersion suit.

The immersion suit shall be constructed with waterproof materials
can be unpacked and donned without assistance within 2 min
not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a
fire for a period of 2 seconds;
cover the whole body with the exception of the face.
provided with arrangements to minimize or reduce free air in the legs of the
suit;
to climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 m in length;
to perform normal duties associated with abandonment;
to jump from a height of not less than 4.5 m into the water without
damaging or dislodging the immersion suit, or being injured;
to swim a short distance through the water and board a survival craft.
An immersion suit made of material which has no inherent insulation shall be
so constructed that, when worn in conjunction with warm clothing and with a
lifejacket if the immersion suit is to be worn with a lifejacket, the immersion
suit continues to provide sufficient thermal protection following one jump by
the wearer into the water from a height of 4.5 m to ensure that when it is
worn for a period of l h in calm circulating water at a temperature of 5°C the
wearer's body core temperature does not fall more than 2°C.
An immersion suit made of material with inherent insulation when worn
either on its own or with a lifejacket, if the immersion suit is to be worn in
conjunction with a lifejacket, shall provide the wearer with sufficient thermal
insulation following one jump into the water from a height of 4.5 m to ensure
that the wearer's body core temperature does not fall more than 2°C after a
period of 6 h immersion in calm circulating water at a temperature of
between 0°C and 2°C.
An immersion suit which has buoyancy and is designed to be worn without a
lifejacket shall be fitted with a light and the whistle complying with the
requirements for life-
jackets.
If the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, the
lifejacket shall be
worn over the immersion suit. A person wearing such an immersion suit
shall be able to don a lifejacket without assistance.
 A person in fresh water wearing either an immersion suit or an immersion
suit with a lifejacket, shall be able to turn from a face-down to
a face-up position in not more than 5 seconds.

Q How many Immersion suits shall be carried ?

For every person and additional for watch keepers at the control stations.

Q How to carry out the monthly inspection of the immersions suit ?

Q What are the technical requirement of TPA ?

A thermal protective aid shall be made of waterproof material having a
thermal
 conductance of not more than 7800 W/(m2.K) and shall be so constructed
that, when
used to enclose a person, it shall reduce both the convective and
evaporative heat loss from the wearer's body.
cover the whole body of persons of all sizes wearing a lifejacket with the
exception of the face.
be capable of being unpacked and easily donned without assistance in a
survival craft or rescue boat;
permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than 2 min, if it
impairs ability to swim.
The thermal protective aid shall function properly throughout an air
temperature range
-30°C to +20°C.

Q Difference between TPA and immersion suit ?

Q What is air pressure testing of Immersion suit ? What should be its frequency
?
Done every 3 years to ensure watertightness of seams and closures.
1 Seal the openings of immersion suit
A suitable head piece, fitted with a means to inject air into the suit, should
be inserted into the face
2 Put in the air pressure of 0.7 to 1.4Kpa.
3 Apply soapy water to seams and closures.
4 Look for bubbles, any leakages must be marked.

Q What all equipment are carried for air testing of immersion suit ?

Q What is HRU ? What is its function ?

Q Draw the HRU

Q Service period of HRU ?

Inflatable liferaft hydrostatic release units (other than the types which have
a date limited life and are test fired prior to disposal footnote) should be
serviced annually at a service station approved by the manufacturer.
Q What is Weak link ? What is its function ?
 Weak link connects the painter to the strong point.
It has breaking strength of 1.8 to 2.6 KN so it is designed to break when
the inflated liferaft exerts enough buoyancy on it when the ship is
sinking.

Q Define Survival craft ?

Survival craft is a craft capable of sustaining the lives of persons in
distress from the time of abandoning the ship.

Q Types of Survival craft ?

Inflatable life raft, rigid life raft,

Q What are the technical requirements of a Life raft ?

Every life raft shall be so constructed as to be capable of withstanding
exposure for 30
days afloat in all sea conditions.
The life raft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into the water
from a height of 18 m, the life raft and its equipment will operate
satisfactorily. If the liferaft is to be stowed at a height of more than 18 m
above the waterline in the lightest seagoing
condition, it shall be of a type which has been satisfactorily drop-tested
from at least that height.
The floating life raft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps on to it
from a height of at least 4.5 m above its floor both with and without the
canopy erected.
The life raft and its fittings shall be so constructed as to enable it to be
towed at a speed of 3 knots in calm water when loaded with its full
complement of persons and
equipment and with one of its sea-anchors streamed.
The life raft shall have a canopy to protect the occupants from exposure
which is
automatically set in place when the life raft is launched and waterborne.
No life raft shall be approved which has a carrying capacity of less than six
persons
The life raft shall be fitted with an efficient painter of length equal to not less
than 10 m plus the distance from the stowed position to the waterline in the
lightest seagoing
condition or 15 m whichever is the greater.

Q What are the technical requirements of a Life raft canopy ?

Q List all the ways to launch a life raft.

Automatic ( HRU)
manual
Davit launched

Q How many life rafts are carried onboard ?

100% capacity on both sides

Q Can the LR be carried only 50% on either side ?

Yes, If there are the provisions to easily carry the LR to either side in the
case of an Emergency.

Q How often are Life rafts serviced ?

They are serviced annually by approved servicing station.

Q List all the markings on a life raft.

maker's name or trade mark;
serial number;
name of approving authority and the number of persons it is permitted to
carry;
type of solas emergency pack enclosed;
 date when last serviced;
length of painter;
maximum permitted height of stowage above waterline (depending on drop-
test height
and length of painter);
launching instructions.

Q How you will see when the Life raft was last serviced ?
There is an enclosed capsule on the liferaft that has a document that has
all the records of the service of the Life raft.

Q Why a Liferaft is carried forward ?

JB Singh wants to hear in case the ship breaks in half the people trapped
forward of the break shall be able to escape.

Q The LR at the forward is equipped with HRU ? Why ?

No because in rough weather when it is spraying seas from the forward, the
water pressure will activate the HRU.

Q You are pulling the painter but the liferaft is not inflating, your action ?

Q Equipment of life raft ?

Rescue quoit with 30 m line
2 bailers
2 sponges
2 sea anchors
2 buoyant paddles
3 tin openers
2 smoke signal
4 rocket parachutes
6 hand flares
TPA 10% of compliment but not less than 2
Food ration 10K KJ per person
1.5L FW per person
Anti sea sickness tablets for 48 hours
1 sea sickness bag per person
1 fishing tackle
1 scissor
1 first aid kit
1 whistle
1 torch
1 radar reflector
1 mirror
1 knife

Q Technical specifications for rescue boat?

Can be launched in 5 mins.
Rescue boats may be either of rigid or inflated construction or a
combination of both and shall:
be not less than 3.8 m and not more than 8.5 m in length; and
be capable of carrying at least five seated persons and a person lying on a
stretcher.
Rescue boats shall be capable of maneuvering at a speed of at least 6 knots
and maintaining that speed for a period of at least 4 hours.
Bow cover min 15%.
Rescue boats shall have sufficient mobility and maneuverability in a seaway
to enable
 persons to be retrieved from the water, marshal life rafts and tow the largest
life raft
carried on the ship when loaded with its full complement of persons and
equipment or its equivalent at a speed of at least 2 knots.
Arrangements for towing shall be permanently fitted in rescue boats and
shall be sufficiently strong to marshal or tow life rafts.
Every rescue boat shall be provided with effective means of bailing or be
automatically self-bailing.

Q Technical specifications of fall lifeboat ?

All lifeboats shall be of sufficient strength to enable them to be safely
lowered into the water when loaded with their full complement of
persons and equipment.
Hulls and rigid covers shall be fire-retardant or non-combustible.
have ample stability in a seaway and sufficient freeboard when loaded with
their full complement of persons and equipment.
Have rigid hulls and shall be capable of maintaining positive stability
when in an upright position in calm water and loaded with their full
complement of persons and
equipment and holed in any one location below the waterline, assuming no
loss of buoyancy material and no other damage.
be capable of being launched and towed when the ship is making headway
at a speed of 5 knots in calm water.
Seating shall be provided on thwarts, benches or fixed chairs capable of
supporting the number of persons each weighing 100 kg.
Each lifeboat shall be of sufficient strength to withstand, when loaded with
its full complement of persons and equipment, a lateral impact against the
vessel's side at an impact velocity of at least 3.5 m/s and also a drop into
the water from a height of at least 3 m.
The vertical distance between the floor surface and the interior of the
enclosure or canopy over 50% of the floor area shall be:

(i) not less than 1.3 m for a lifeboat permitted to accommodate nine persons
or less;

(ii) not less than 1.7 m for a lifeboat permitted to accommodate 24 persons
or more;

(iii) not less than the distance as determined by linear interpolation between
1.3 m and 1.7 m for a lifeboat permitted to accommodate between 9 and 24
persons.
No lifeboat shall be approved to accommodate more than 150 persons.
All lifeboats shall be provided with a rudder and tiller
All surfaces on which persons might walk shall have a non-skid finish.
buoyant lifeline shall be becketed around the outside of the lifeboat.
Lifeboats intended for launching down the side of a vessel shall have skates
and fenders as necessary to facilitate launching and prevent damage to the
lifeboat
The speed of a lifeboat when proceeding ahead in calm water shall be at least 6 knots and
at least 2 knots when towing a 25–person liferaft loaded with its full complement of persons
and equipment or its equivalent
All lifeboats except free-fall lifeboats shall be provided with at least one
drain valve fitted near the lowest point in the hull, which shall
automatically open to drain water from the hull when the lifeboat is not
waterborne and shall automatically close to
prevent entry of water when the lifeboat is waterborne.
Can be launched upto 10 degree trim and 20 degree list
Every vessel lifeboat shall be so arranged that it can be boarded by its full complement of
persons in not more than 3 min from the time the instruction to board is given, Rapid
disembarkation shall also be possible.

Q Technical specifications of Free fall lifeboat ?

 Each free-fall lifeboat shall be fitted with a release system which shall:
Have two independent activation systems for the release mechanisms which
may only
be operated from inside the lifeboat and be marked in a color that contrasts
with its surroundings;
be so arranged as to release the boat under any condition of loading from
no load up to at least 200% of the normal load caused by the fully
equipped lifeboat when loaded
with the number of persons for which it is to be approved;
be adequately protected against accidental or premature use;
be designed to test the release system without launching the lifeboat;
be designed with a factor of safety of 6 based on the ultimate strength of the
materials
used.

Q Markings on a lifeboat ?
Name of the vessel
Port of registry
Call sign
Max person
Dimensions
Lifeboat’s number as per the LSA plan.

Q Markings on a lifeboat’s plate ?

Shall have a plate approved by the administration which has
 manufacturer’s name and address,
 Model and serial number,
 month and year of manufacture,
 and no of persons it can carry.

Q Is it mandatory for tankers to have free fall LB ?

No

Q For what kind of vessel it is necessary to have a free fall lifeboat.

 Bulk carriers.

Q What is Sea anchor

It stabilizes the vessel by limiting its progress through the water.

Q How would you lower a lifeboat using davit ?

Muster all
Remove all lashings and covers
Plug the drain plug
Remove the charger
Fasten the painters forward and aft
Remove the safety harbor pin
Board the lifeboat
Remove the brake pin from the davit
Lift the brake gently to lower the boat
Once water borne, release the hooks and painters
Start the engine and clear from the ship.

Q How would you lower a freefall lifeboat ?

Remove charger
Remove harbour lashing
Remove the brackets
Board the boat
Remove the safety pin and pull the handle which will open the hook and
boat will free fall.

Q What is On Load Mechanism ?

Mechanism to release the hooks of the life boat when the lifeboat is NOT
waterborne.
ON load is used when the weather is rough.
Lower the LB as close to the water level as possible
Pull the safety pin
Open the hydrostatic interlock cover
Uncover the lach of interlock
Pull the hydrostatic interlock lever with one hand until the light becomes
green from red
Pull simultaneously the handle to unhook.

Q What are the maintenance you do for On Load Mechanism ?

Q What is Off load Mechanism ?

Mechanism to release the hooks of the life boat once the lifeboat is
waterborne.
Lower the L/B to the water surface
Once the L/B is water borne the diaphragm will be pressed and it will show a
green indication
Remove the safety pin
Then pull the handle to release the hook.

Q How would you reset On/Off load mechanism ?

Q What is FPD ?

Q How would you test the Lifeboat davit limit switch ?

 Check normal operation. Every month.

Q What is the max capacity of L/B ?

Can’t be more than 150 person per lifeboat

Q What are the lifeboat equipment ?

except for free-fall lifeboats, sufficient buoyant oars to make headway in
calm seas.
two boat-hooks;
a buoyant bailer and two buckets;
a survival manual
compass
a sea-anchor
two efficient painters
two hatchets
watertight receptacles containing a total of 3 liters of fresh water for each
person
a rustproof dipper with lanyard;
a rustproof graduated drinking vessel;
a food ration totaling not less than 10,000 kJ for each person
six hand flares
four rocket parachute flares
two buoyant smoke signals
one waterproof electric torch suitable for Morse signalling
one daylight signaling mirror
one whistle
a first-aid outfit
anti-seasickness medicine for 48 hours
a jack-knife
three tin openers
two buoyant rescue quoits
one set of fishing tackle
sufficient tools for minor adjustments to the engine and its accessories;
portable fire-extinguishing equipment for oil fires
a searchlight
an efficient radar reflector
TPA – 10% of complement but not less than 2.

Q Static test of Lifeboat ?

Done 5 yearly
Loaded to not less than 1.5 times the max break holding capacity of davit
Inspected for deformations

Q Dynamic testing of lifeboat ?

Done 5 yearly
Loaded to not less than 1.1 times the max break holding capacity of davit
Released at max lowering speed tested for deformation

If you have two davit launch lifeboats on either side, which one will be the
Q
Rescue boat
?
The davit with a powerful motor will be the rescue boat.

Q How would you order ration for your Lifeboat ?

Q How much food ration is carried in lifeboat ?

Q What are the contents of the food ration ?

Q How to order water for LB ?

Q Expiry of Ration and water in LB ?

Q How many TPAs will you carry in Lifeboat ?

Q How to lower LB in heavy weather ?

Muster all crew at muster station
Stop engine
Remove lashing, covers, gripes from L/B and also battery charger
Plug the drain plug
Rig fenders and cargo net
Fasten the painters fwd and aft
Board the crew except the person engage in launching
Remove harbor pin and then break-pin of the winch
Lower lifeboat steadily
Lower up to crest of the wave and on downward roll of the ship
Falls will automatically slacked during the next through
Unhook the falls
Left go painter aft and fwd
Start engine and keep clear of the vessel.

Q List all the means to start the life boat.

Q How will you start the LB Engine manually ?

Q How often will you lower LB as per SOLAS ?

Every 3 months during lifeboat drills

Q Weekly LSA maintenance ?

The following tests and inspections shall be carried out weekly and a report
of the inspection shall be entered in the logbook
all survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances shall be visually
inspected to ensure that they are ready for use. The inspection shall
1
include, but is not limited to, the condition of hooks, their attachment to the
lifeboat and the on-load release gear
being properly and completely reset;
all engines in lifeboats and rescue boats shall be run for a total period of
not less than 3 minutes, provided the ambient temperature is above the
minimum temperature required for starting and running the engine. During
2 this period of time, it should be demonstrated that the gearbox and
gearbox train are engaging satisfactorily. If the special characteristics of an
outboard motor fitted to a rescue boat would not allow it to be run other
than with its propeller submerged for a period of 3 minutes, a suitable
water supply may be provided.
lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, on cargo ships shall be moved from their
3 stowed
position, without any persons on board, to the extent necessary to
demonstrate satisfactory operation of launching appliances, if weather and
sea conditions so allow
4 the general emergency alarm shall be tested.

Q Monthly LSA inspection ?

All lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, shall be turned out from their stowed
1
position, without any persons on board if weather and sea conditions so
allow.
Inspection of the life-saving appliances, including lifeboat equipment,
2 shall be carried out monthly using the checklist required by regulation
36.1 to ensure that they are
complete and in good order. A report of the inspection shall be entered in
the logbook
3 EPIRB check
4 SART check.

Q How all medicines are carried in Lifeboat ?

Seasickness medicines for 48 hours and Ibrufin.

Q How many Pyrotechnics are carried in Lifeboat ?

6 Hand flares, 4 Rocket parachute flare and 2 smoke signals

Q What are the technical requirements for hand flares ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing;
have brief instructions or diagrams clearly
have a self-contained means of ignition
be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person
burn with a bright red colour;
burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 15,000
cd;
have a burning period of not less than 1 min
continue to burn after having been immersed for a period of 10s under
100 mm of water

Q What are the technical requirements for rocket parachute flares ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing
have brief instructions or diagrams
have integral means of ignition;
be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person holding
when fired vertically, reach an altitude of not less than 300 m.
burn with a bright red color;
burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 30,000
cd;
have a burning period of not less than 40 s;
have a rate of descent of not more than 5 m/s; and
not damage its parachute or attachments while burning.

Q What are the technical requirements for buoyant smoke signals ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing;
not ignite explosively
have brief instructions
emit smoke of a highly visible color at a uniform rate for a period of not less
than 3 min
when floating in calm water;
not emit any flame during the entire smoke emission time; not be swamped
in a
seaway;
continue to emit smoke when submerged in water for a period of 10 s under
100 mm
of water.

Q What is the Expiry of Pyrotechnics

42 months
Q Pyrotechnics expired at sea, action ?
 Do not fire them at sea as it can cause confusion.
 Do not dispose them at the sea
 Collect ,store them in clearly marked containers and keep it sealed.
 Make arrangements to be disposed ashore with a reception facility.
Q How do you dispose pyrotechnics ?
Must be landed ashore to port reception facilites.

Q Difference between recovery strops and FPD ?

 Recovery strops are used for heaving up safely L/B and R/B during rough
weather.
 Tricing pendants are used for securing the L/B to the davit during
launching.

Q What is Tricing Pendants ?

They are just simple wire ropes that pulls the lifeboat closer to the
embarkation deck while the boat is being lowered from the stowed position
to the embarkation deck so
that bowsing tackles can be rigged.
Without the tricing pendants the lifeboat will be a little far away from the
embarkation
deck and thus rigging the bowsing tackle won’t be convenient.

Q What is Bowsing tackle.

Bowsing tackle is a three fold purchase that keeps the lifeboat closer to the
embarkation deck and prevent lateral swinging while it is being boarded
by ship persons.
Once rigged it also takes the weight off of the tricing pendant.
Once bowsing tackle is rigged the tricing pendant is let go.

Q How is LB in bulk carriers different from LB in tankers ?

Life boat in tankers have 2 additional things
1 Sprinkler system for outer hull,
2 Compressed air bottles to maintain a +ve pressure inside the LB.

Q What is difference between SOLAS pack A and B ?

SOLAS pack B is for vessel engaged in short international voyages
In pack B the number of Pyro-techniques are half
In SOLAS pack B No food, Water fishing kit

Q What is short international voyage ?

Is an international voyage,
More than 200 miles from any port
Distance between the last and next port of call shall not be more than 600
miles.

Q How many Pyrotechnics should be carried on bridge ?

12 rocket parachute flares

Q What are the technical requirements of LTA ?

be capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy;
include not less than four projectiles each capable of carrying the line at
least 230 m in
calm weather;
Include not less than four lines each having a breaking strength of not less
than 2 kN;
have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the line-
throwing appliance.

Q How many LTA a vessel should carry ?

Atleast 1.
Q What is the expiry of the LTA ?
4 years
 In Lifeboat why fishing tackle is provided ? Why can’t it be replaced with
Q
pack of cards or video games.
 For morale lifiting purposes

Q How to start an emergency generator ?

There are 3 ways
Automatic – when main power is cut off Em generator will start automatically
Manual using electric starter
Hand cranking.

Q SART battery? EPIRB battery?

 SART: 8 Hrs Continuous Tx when interrogated by an X-Band Radar, To 96
Hrs Stby
 EPIRB: 48 HRS

Q What all information do you get from the LSA plan?

Number, location & type of each LSA item onboard or description if each
LSA.

Q As a cadet your abandon-ship duties ?

Abandon ship:
 Bring EPIRB and 2 GMDSS two-way VHF R/T
 Assist team leader as required.

Fire:

 Close ventilation and dampers as required.

 Bring firemen walkie talkies from fire control station.
 Assist in rigging fire hoses.

Q Difference between SOLAS and LSA code ?

 SOLAS details the carriage of different LSA.
 The LSA code details the general requirements for LSA, their
maintenance, their testing and record procedures.

Q What are the requirements for embarkation ladder ?

The steps of the ladder shall be:
made of hardwood, free from knots or other irregularities, smoothly
machined and free from sharp edges and splinters, or of suitable material of
equivalent properties;
provided with an efficient nonslip surface either by longitudinal grooving or
by the application of an approved nonslip coating;
not less than 480 mm long, 115 mm wide and 25 mm in depth, excluding
any nonslip surface or coating;
equally spaced not less than 300 mm or more than 380 mm apart and
secured in such a manner that they will remain horizontal.
The side ropes of the ladder shall consist of two uncovered manila ropes not
less than 65 mm in circumference on each side.
Each rope shall be continuous with no joints below the top step.
All rope ends shall be secured to prevent unraveling.
 FSS CODE
Q What is FSS code ?
International code of fire safety systems adopted in Dec 2000, entered
into force in
2002.

Q What is the AIM of the FSS code ?

The purpose of this Code is to provide International standards of
specific
engineering specifications for fire safety systems required by SOLAS.

Q How many chapters are there in the FSS code ?

16

Q What are the chapters of the FSS code ?

Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 International shore connection
Chapter 3 Personnel protection
Chapter 4 Fire extinguishers
Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing system
Chapter 6 Fixed foam fire-extinguishing system
Fixed pressure water-spraying and water mist fire-
Chapter 7
extinguishing system
Chapter 8 Automatic sprinkler,fire detection and fire alarm
system
Chapter 9 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm system
Chapter 10 Sample extraction smoke detection system
Chapter 11 Low-location lighting system
Chapter 12 Fixed emergency fire pump
Chapter 13 Arrangement of means of escape
Chapter 14 Fixed deck foam system
Chapter 15 Inert gas system
Chapter 16 Fixed hydrocarbon gas detection system

Q What is International Shore connection ?

ISC is a coupling with a flat face on one end and a genderless connection
similar to
our ship’s fire hydrant and fire hoses on the other end.
We use it in the case of a fire when our own fire pumps are unable to supply
water to
the fire main system.
We connect the flat face of the ISC to the hose provided by the shore (Or we
can
connect the flat face of our ISC to the flat face of the Shore’s ISC)and other
end to any fire hydrant of our vessel’s fixed fire fighting system.
Q What is the dimension of ISC ?
Description Dimension
Outer Dia 178mm
Inner Dia 64 mm
Bolt circle 132 mm
diameter
Slots in Flange 4 holes, 19 mm in dia
Flange thickness 14.5 min
Bolts and nuts 4, each 16 mm in dia, 50 mm in length

Q What are the requirements of a fire fighter’s outfit.

A firefighter's outfit shall consist of a set of personal equipment and a
breathing apparatus.
OUTFIT
Protective clothing of material to protect the skin from the heat radiating
from the fire
and from burns and scalding by steam. The outer surface shall be water-
resistant.
Boots of rubber or other electrically non-conducting material
Rigid helmet providing effective protection against impact
Electric safety lamp of an approved type with a minimum burning period of
3 h.
Electric safety lamps on tankers and those intended to be used in
hazardous areas shall be of an explosion-proof type.
Axe with a handle provided with high-voltage insulation.

BREATHING APPARATUS
An SCBA with 1200L of compressed air or other SCBA with atleast 30m of
compressed air with interchangeable cylinders.
SCBA shall have a visual and audible alarm when the air drops to no less
than 200L.

LIFELINE
Length 30M, fireproof,
 shall pass a static test of 3.5KN for 5 min
Shall come with a snap hook.

Q How many Fireman’s outfit shall be carried ?

Atleast 2, tankers shall carry additional 2.

Q List all the checks of SCBA.

3 tests are there
1 High Pressure leak test
2 Face mask Leak test
3 Low Pressure Alarm test

Q How will you come to know that the SCBA is about to go empty ?
When the air pressure will reach 200L it will give a whistle.

Q How would you charge the SCBA onboard ?

Q What is EEBD ?
An Emergency escape breathing device is a supplied air or oxygen device
only used for escape from a compartment that has a hazardous
atmosphere and shall be of an
approved type
EEBD shall not be used for fighting fires,entering oxygen deficient voids or
tanks,or
worn by firefighters.

Q What are the requirements of an EEBD ?

The EEBD shall have a service duration of at least 10 min.
The EEBD shall include a hood or full face piece,as appropriate,to protect the
eyes, nose and mouth materials and include a clear during escape. Hoods
and face pieces
shall be constructed of flame-resistant window for viewing
An inactivated EEBD shall be capable of being carried hands-free.
An EEBD,when stored,shall be suitably protected from the environment.
Brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating their use shall be clearly
printed on the
EEBD. The donning procedures shall be quick and easy to allow for situations
where there is little time to seek safety from a hazardous atmosphere.
Maintenance requirements,manufacturer's trademark and serial number,
shelf life with accompanying manufacture date and name of the approving
authority shall be printed
on each EEBD. All EEBD training units shall be clearly marked.

How many EEBD shall be carried ?

Q
Min 2 in accommodation space +1 spare set, in tankers one for everyone +
extra for watchkeeper

Q EEBD maintenance?
 Monthly inspection of proper location, charging pressure(as per
manufacturer), and free from all obstructions, etc.
 As per manufacturer’s instructions.

Q What are the quantities of Portable FE ?

Powder and CO2 – min 5 Kg
Foam - 9L
Weight not more than 23 Kg

Q What are the requirements of an Portable Foam Applicator ?

Venturi foam Nozzle
Fire hose
20L of foam tank + 20L of spare foam tank
Foam sol flow rate of 200L per min
Foam concentrate shall be approved.
Foam expansion and drainage time using the nozzle shall not not differ more
than +- 10%
 Unit shall not clog and withstand vibrations, shocks etc normally
encountered on ships.

Q Requirement for fixed gas fire fighting system ?

When serving more than one space the quantity of the medium need not be
more than the largest quantity required for any one space.
Means shall be provided to safely weight the medium easily without
having to move the cylinders.
Containers, piping etc shall be approved by the administration.
Piping arrangement and discharge nozzle shall be such that a uniform
distribution is
achieved inside the compartment.
Pressure containers shall be located outside of the compartment they
protect.
Sections with closed piping shall be with relief valve that leads to open deck.
Pipings, fittings, nozzles etc all be a melting point above 925 degree Celsius.
Pipelines shall be such that it permits air testing.
Pipes leading into the protective spaces shall have a control valve and
indicate clearly
what space it leads to.
Suitable provisions to be made to prevent inadvertent release of the
medium.
Means shall be provided to automatically give audible and visual alarm loud
enough to be heard throughout the compartment with all machinery
operating
The length of alarm shall be the time needed to evacuate the
compartment but not less than 20s before the medium is
released.
Conventional and small spaces such as compressor rooms or paint room
shall not have an audible alarm only the local release.
The means of control of any fixed gas fire-extinguishing system shall be
readily accessible, simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few
locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in a
protected space. At each location there shall be clear instructions relating to
the operation of the system having
regard to the safety of personnel.
Automatic release of fire-extinguishing medium shall not be
permitted,except as
permitted by the Administration.
For cargo spaces,the quantity of carbondioxide available
shall,unless otherwise
provided,be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal
to 30% of the gross volume of the largest cargo space to be
protected in the ship.
For machinery spaces,the fixed piping system shall be such that
85% of the gas can be discharged into the space within 2 min.
For solid bulk cargo spaces,the fixed piping system shall be such
that at least 2/3 of the gas can be discharged into the space
within 20 min.

Q Draw the diagram of fixed CO2 system from your vessel.

Q How did you operate fixed CO2 system in your last ship ?

Q How to test the alarm in E/R for fixed CO2 system ?

Just by opening the Cabinet door of pilot cylinder bottles

Q Requirements of High Expansion Foam Fixed Fire Fighting System.

Release shall be manual, if its automatic, the automatic system shall be
type approved.
Foam concentrate shall be type approved.
Components, piping etc shall withstand vibration shocks etc and a temp of
925 degree
Celsius.
For testing a pressure gauge shall be provided at water and foam
concentrate inlet
and one at the foam outlet.
 Glass gauge and a sample point shall be provided for foam concentrate tank.
Operating instructions shall be posted.
The quantity of foam concentrate available shall be sufficient to produce a
volume of
foam equal to at least 5X the volume of the largest protected space ,or
enough for 30 min of full operation for the largest protected space,which
ever is greater.
Machinery spaces,cargo pump-rooms,vehicle spaces,ro-ro spaces and
special category spaces shall be provided with audible and visual alarms
within the protected space warning of the release of the system. The alarms
shall operate for the length of
time needed to evacuate the space, but in no case less than 20 s.

Q Requirement for Fire pumps

Cargo ship GRT > 1000 atleast 2 power driven self priming pumps one of
which shall be independently driven
Total capacity of fire pumps -
Not less than 4/3 of bilge pumping arrangements
Not more than 180m3/h.
Each fire pumps - shall have a capacity not less than 80% of the total
required capacity divided by the minimum number of required fire
pumps(2 in case of GRT > 1000 cargo ship), but in any case not less than
25 m3/h, and each such pump shall in
any event be capable of delivering at least the two required jets of water.

Q Requirements for fixed emergency fire pump

Should be away from machinery spaces.
The emergency fire pump shall be of a fixed independently driven power
operated pump.
The capacity of the pump shall not be less than 40% of the total capacity of
the fire pumps required by regulation and in any case not less than the
following, cargo ships
of 2000 GRT and upwards – 25 m3/h
When the pump is delivering the quantity of water required by paragraph
2.2.1.1,
the pressure at any hydrants shall be not less than the minimum pressure
required by chapter ll-2 of the Convention.
Any diesel-driven power source for the pump shall be capable of being
readily started in its cold condition down to the temperature of 0 degree
celsius by hand (manual)
cranking.
Any service fuel tank shall contain sufficient fuel to enable the pump to run
on full load
for at least 3 h and sufficient reserves of fuel shall be available outside the
machinery space of category A to enable the pump to be run on full load for
an additional15 h.

Q Your Emergency fire pump is loosing suction, Action ?

Q What are the requirements for fire mains ?

Laid out to efficiently distribute the discharge form fire pumps operating
simultaneously.
Diameter shall be so much that a flow rate of not more than 140m3/h is
achieved
Arrangements shall be such that at least two jets of water can reach any
part of the deck in the cargo area
Shall have relief valve and means of draining the lines.
Isolation valves – only on tankers : shall be fitted in the fire main at poop
front in a protected position and on the tank deck at intervals of not more
than 40 m
Q Technical requirements of fire hydrants ?
Pressure on hydrants shall be 0.27N/mm2 for cargo ships > 6000 GRT.
Hydrants shall be such that at least two jets of water not emanating from
the same hydrant one of which one of which shall be from a single length of
hose, may reach
any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while
the ship is being navigated and any part of any cargo space when empty.
Q Technical requirements of fire hoses ?
Fire hoses shall be of non-perishable material approved by the
Administration.
Each hose shall be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings.
Fire hoses shall have a length of at least 10 m, but not
more than: 15 m in machinery spaces;
20 m in other spaces and open decks; and
25 m for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 m.
Unless one hose and nozzle is provided for each hydrant in the ship, there
shall be complete interchangeability of hose couplings and nozzles.
Standard nozzle sizes shall be 12 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm
For accommodation and service spaces, a nozzle size greater than 12 mm
need not
be used.
Nozzles shall be of an approved dual-purpose type (i.e. spray/jet type)
incorporating a
Shutoff mechanism.

Q How many fire hoses shall be carried ?

Number and diameter is decided by the administrator.
Cargo ships of 1000 GRT and more the number of fire hoses to be provided
shall be one for each 30 m length of the ship and one spare, but in no case
less than five in all.
This number does not include any hoses required in any engine-room or
boiler room.
Additionally ships carrying dangerous goods shall be provided with three
hoses and nozzles

Q Requirement of Fixed deck foam system

The arrangements for providing foam shall be capable of delivering foam to
the entire cargo tanks deck area as well as into any cargo tank the deck of
which has been
ruptured.
The deck foam system shall be capable of simple and rapid operation.
Foam from the fixed foam system shall be supplied by means of monitors
and foam applicator.
Sufficient foam concentrate shall be supplied to ensure at least 20 min of
foam generation in tankers fitted with an inert gas installation or 30 min
of foam generation in tankers not fitted with an inert gas installation or
not required to use an inert gas
system.
The distance from the monitor to the farthest extremity of the protected
area forward of that monitor shall not be more than 75% of the monitor
throw in still air conditions.
At least four foam applicators shall be provided on all tankers. The number
and disposition of foam main outlets shall be such that foam from at least
two applicator
can be directed on to any part of the cargo tanks deck area.
Valves shall be provided in the foam main,and in the fire main when this is
an integral
part of the deck foam system,immediately forward of any monitor position to
isolate damaged sections of those mains.

Q How will you start fixed deck fire fighting system.

Q High expansion and low expansion foam ratio. ?

 High expansion : 1:200 to :1000
 Low expansion : 1:2 to 1:20

Q How will you check the quality of foam ?

  Periodic laboratory tests( interval not exceeding 3 years initially and
thereafter every year). Annual small scale tests at a approved lab for
protein based alcohol foam. And chemical stability test by applying foam
on acetone. (will fail if the foam mixes)
Q How to send foam sample for analysis ?
First periodical control of foam concentrates should be performed not more
than 3 years after being supplied to the ship, and after that, every year

The sample size should be:

 2 x 20 l containers (or other standard shipping containers) for type tests

(see section 3); and

 2.2 l for periodical controls

Q Workings of sprinklers ?
 The system consists of sprinkler heads, control valve, pressure tank, a
pump and alarm system.
 The pressurized water tank is half filled with fresh water.
 Compressed air is connected at the top and keep the tank pressurized
with the help of an electric compressor.
 The sprinkler head consists of a quartzoid bulb which bursts when the
temperature increases beyond the limit.
 When the sprinkler head bursts and comes into operation, the non return
valve in the line opens and water starts flowing.
 Due to this flow there is a drop of pressure in the line and the alarm
activates for the particular section, indicating fire in the section.
 This system is also connected to sea water pump which can supply
water to the system in case the water in the pressure tank is used up.
Q How is hypermist different from Sprinkler system ?
Hypermi Sprinkle
st r
Detects fire using 2 different Detects fire by means of quartzoid bulbs
detectors
Has a special nozzle that shoots
Has sprinkler that sprays water
mist in
high pressure
Is used as an initial means of
firefighting or as a means of fire Reduces the temperature to an extent
suppression.
Creates a larger cooling surface and Wets the fuel surface
envelops the fire smothering it.
Droplets are more finer and Larger droplets, can be connected to
Pressured, operation time is seawater.
20mins.

Q On what principal does hypermist works ?

 Smothering and cooling

Q What is the droplet size of water in hyper mist system ?

Nozzles should be provided with a nominal 6 mm (¼ in.) or larger nominal inlet
thread or equivalent.

Q How much FW is required for Hypermist system, what if the FW is finished ?

 AS per the manufacturer’s guidelines. In my last ship it was 4m 3.
 MAX flow * 20 mins + 20% allowance
 Where max flow is the required maximum for the largest designated
space.

Q What all machinery are covered by the Hypermist and where is the
Hypermist plant
fitted?
High risk areas such as ME, boilers, Purifier room, Incinerator, diesel
generator.

Q What are fire classifications?

ISO – International NFPA- National Fire
organisation for Protection
Standardization Association
Class A – Solids A - Solids
Class B - Liquids B – liquids and gases
Class C - Gases C – Electrical
Class D - Metals D - Metals
Class F – Cooking oils K – Cooking grease, fats, oils

Q Requirement for PFE ?

Accommodation spaces, service spaces and control station shall be provided
with PFE
of appropriate types and in sufficient number to the satisfaction of the
administration.
Ship of greater than 1000GRT and above must carry min 5.
Capacity min 9L not more than 30.5L
ER Every 10m walking distance atleast 1 on each platform
PFE shall be stored near entrances of the spaces it serves
It should be kept in easily visible place for immediate use
CO2 PFE shall not used in accommodation.
Spare charges for extinguishers that can be charged onboard:

100% for the first 10 extinguishers and 50% for the remaining extinguishers
 but not more than 60 (fractions to be rounded off to next number).

For fire extinguishers which cannot be recharged by the crew, additional

portable fire extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and number
as determined in 1 above should be provided in lieu of spare charges.
Q What are the color coding of various PFE ?
Q What type of PFE used on what types of Fire ?

Q What is a Fire triangle ?

 Combustion will take place when the three things are present fuel,
temperature and
oxygen which forms a fire trangle, in case of fire tetrahedron the 4th link is
the chain reaction.

Q What is the principal of fire fighting ?

The main objective of fire fighting is to extinguish the fire by
1 reducing the temperature(Cooling),
2 removing the fuel(Starving),
3 excluding the supply of air(Smothering),
4 interfering with the combustion process(Inhibiting)
as quickly as possible.

Q What are the markings on a fire extinguisher ?

Name of the manufacturer
Type of fire
Type and quantity of extinguishing medium
Approval details
Instruction for use
Year of manufacturer
Working temperature range
Test pressure

Q How many spares of PFE will you carry ?

Spare charges shall be provided for 100% of the first ten extinguishers and
50% of the remaining fire extinguishers capable of being recharged on
board.
Not more than sixty total spare charges are required.
or fire extinguishers which cannot be recharged on board, additional
portable fire
extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and number shall be
provided in lieu of spare charges.

Q Period of inspection of Portables ?

Service - One year
Atleast one of same brand and having same year of manufacturer shall be
test
discharged at five yearly intervals as part of fire drill.
Hydraulic testing – 10 years

Q How would you carry out the maintenance of DCP extinguisher ?

First check the serial number of the extinguisher as per the fire plan
Then check the IMO symbol
Then check the locking pin and tamper seal, it shouldn't be broken
Nozzle and hose shall be in good condition, no obstruction
Outer body shall be in good condition
Blue color band shouldn’t be faded.
Cradle and securing straps shall be in good condition
Instructions, type of extinguisher, used for other data on the label shall not
be faded
Once found satisfactory sign the monthly slip.

Q What are the contents of 9KG DCP ?

Mono Ammonium Phosphate + Ammonium sulphate OR
sodium bicarbonate + potassium bicarbonate
200 grams CO2 cartridge as propellant.

Q How to refill DCP ?

Q How do you prevent the caking in DCP ?
Two ways
1 While refiling DCP make sure that an anti-caking agent is added.
2 During monthly inspection shake the PFE.

Q Markings in DCP extinguisher ?

Blue color band
It will clearly say Dry chemical power

Q Once activated, how long does a DCP PE last ?

30 sec

Q What are the contents of a 6L Foam PE ?

Solution of AFFF and water + 120 grams CO2 cartridge

Q When you will replace the CO2 cartridge ?

Q Contents of Soda acid fire extinguishers ?

Baking soda solution( NAHCO3) and Sulphuric acid in the cartridge.
when acid cartridge is punctured and acid mixes with the baking powder
solution, it
gives off, Water CO2 gas and sodium sulphate.

Q How will you refill CO2 extinguisher ?

We can’t

Q Why there is a hole in the nut of an extinguisher ? What are the dimensions
of that
hole ?
For safety and maintenance purposes. It allows gas to escape in case of
over-pressurization, preventing the extinguisher from exploding.

Q You joined as 3O, how do you know whether the CO2 has been serviced or
not ?

Q How long a 9L water PE would last ?

1 min

Q Weight of CO2 cartridge in 9Ltr water PFE ?

60 grams.

Q What all fire fighting equipment are there in the galley ?

Wet chemical PE
Foam PE
Fire blanket
Fixed deep fat fryer extinguisher

Q Fire in galley, Action.

 Raise the alarm - Use nearest manual fire alarm in alleyways.
 Shout “Fire, Fire”.
 Inform bridge / duty officer / duty engineer giving location of fire and his
name.
 Duty officer under Master’s discretion to send Distress alert on Radio
comms.
 If the fire is small, attempt to extinguish it with a fire extinguisher.
 If fire is large, close compartment door, all other accesses and wait for
assistance.
 In port- Call fire brigade
 Do not enter any place where smoke is present.
 Understand the extent of the fire and casualties if any.
 Close ventilation and commence boundary cooling.
  Discharge fixed deep fat fryer Extinguisher or Wet chemical
extinguishers as appropriate.
 Appropriate entries must be made in the ship's logbook.

Q Fire in Pump room action ?

Q Fire on mast, action ?

Q Fire in E/R, action ? (Hint – wants to listen “with the assistance of CE” in
answer)

Q Fire in accommodation, Action ?

Q Fire in paint locker, Action ?

 Points from fire in galley included with activation of sprinkler system remotely or Release
CO2.

Q You joined a vessel and the LSA and FFA were not maintained for a long time
also the records are not available, how will you remake the records again ?
 Inform the master about the issue.
 Inform the company safety officer about the same and take rectifying
actions as per their guidance.

Q What is Fire control plan ?

The plan is normally formulated on a standard general arrangement drawing
which include number and location details of all safety and fire fighting
equipment on board. Some ships may have separate plans for LSA and FFA
equipment while some have one common plan.

Q What information do you get from the Fire plan ?

Location of control station
Remote locations for fixed ffa
Fire fighting equipment fixed and portable
Detection systems
Classes of fire bulkhead
Ventilation Systems
Access to spaces.

Q At what all places the fire plan is displayed ?

At conspicuous places including wheel house, ECR, upper deck and in fire
wallets

Q What is fire wallet ?

 Fire wallets are containers fitted on each side of the ship, near the
gangway or at the accommodation entrance.
 A fire wallet must contain ship’s fire control plan, updated crew list,
updated cargo plan, pumping arrangement and MSDS of cargo.

Q What all do you carry in the fire wallet ?

Fire control plan
Crew list
General arrangement plan
Stowage plan
Pumping arrangement
MSDS of cargo.

Q Where is fire wallet located ?

2 Near the entrances of accommodation and one additional in tankers near
manifold.

Q What all do you find in the fire control room ?

 Designated "Emergency Headquarters" (EHQ) / fire station room is a
 place where a
quantity of firefighting and emergency equipment is kept in readiness for
an emergency response and which also forms a focal point for mustering
emergency teams.
 extra fire hoses, hose nozzles, fire extinguishers and usually an air
compressor for the re-filling of breathing apparatus (B.A) air cylinders.
 Fire-fighter's outfits with SCBA set.
 Spare charges atleast 2 per set.
 Emergency communication equipment. Such as VHF R/T.
 Fire detection and extinguishing systems.
 Quick closing valves for vents and machinery.
 Public address system

Q What fixed fire fighting extinguisher is used in gas carriers ? What is the
propellant for it ?
 Dry chemical powder systems: For extinguishing fires involving
flammable gases.
 Carbon dioxide (CO2) systems: For machinery spaces and other
enclosed areas.
 High-expansion foam systems: Particularly for enclosed spaces like
engine rooms.
 Water spray systems: To cool surfaces and disperse gas vapors.

Propellant for DCP are primarily nitrogen.

Q How to fight metal fire ?

 With the help of a DCP type fire extinguisher that is certified for Class D
fires and not a standard DCP fire extinguisher.

Q Fire in manifold, Action ?

 Raise the alarm - Use nearest manual fire alarm in alleyways.
 Shout “Fire, Fire”.
 Inform bridge / duty officer / duty engineer giving location of fire and his
name.
 Duty officer under Master’s discretion to send Distress alert on Radio
comms.
 If the fire is small, attempt to extinguish it with a fire extinguisher.
 In port- Call fire brigade
 Shutting off fuel supply to prevent fuel feeding the fire.
 Activating the fixed fire-fighting system, if available and appropriate for
the type of fire.
 Evacuating non-essential personnel from the area.
 Making appropriate entries in the Deck and official log book.
Q Weekly FFA maintenance ?
Inspection of BA set, EEBD, Alarms system, PA system.

Q Monthly inspection of FFA ?

Inspection of Smoke detectors
Inspection of Fireman’s suit : axe, o2 cylinders and safety belt.
Inspection for damage, corrosion, greasing, scrapping of fire hydrant, hose
box,
nozzles isolation valves, ISC,
Inspection for damage, corrosion of deck FFA, pipelines, PFE,

Q Half yearly inspection of FFA ?

Fixed CO2 FFS compressed air or steam test.

Q Annually inspection of FFA ?

Refilling and servicing of all portable and fixed extinguishers
 IAMSAR MANUAL
Q What is IAMSAR Manual ?
Jointly published by IMO and the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO), the
three-volume IAMSAR Manual provides guidelines for a common aviation
and maritime approach to organizing and providing search and rescue
(SAR) services.
The IAMSAR manual is divided into three volumes: on board we use Vol III
:Mobile facilities.
The IAMSAR Manual, adopted in November 1999.
IMSAR Manual is published every 3 years.

 Volume I, Organization and Management

 Volume II, Mission Co-ordination
 Volume III, Mobile Facilities

Q Latest IAMSAR edition ?

2022 Edition

Q What is the AIM of IAMSAR Vol III ?

The primary purpose of Vol 3 is to assist vessels and aircraft in the
performance of
SAR or on-scene co-ordinator functions with aspect to SAR.

Q What are the contents of IAMSAR ?

Section 1 Overview of the SAR system
Section 2 Distress alerts and messages
Section 3 Medical assistance
Section 4 Vessel emergencies at sea
Section 5 Aircraft emergencies
Section 6 Initial action by assisting vessels
Section 7 Initial action by assisting aircraft
Section 8 On-scene communications
Section 9 On-scene coordinator
Section 10 Multiple aircraft SAR operations
Section 11 Aircraft coordinator
Section 12 Searching
Section 13 Rescue action plan
Section 14 Rescue or assistance by vessels
Section 15 Rescue or assistance by aircraft
Section 16 Vessel/helicopter operations
Section 17 Underwater search and rescue
Section 18 Rescue on land
Section 19 Intercepts
Section 20 Survivors
Section 21 Deceased persons
Section 22 Public relations
Section 23 Training
Appendix A Regulation V/33 of the International
Convention for the Safety of Life
at Sea, 1974, as amended
Appendix B Search action message
Appendix C Factors affecting observer effectiveness
Appendix D Standard format for search and rescue
situation report (SITREP)
Appendix E SAR briefing and debriefing form
Appendix F Own emergency
Appendix G Rendering assistance
Appendix H Multiple aircraft SAR operations

Q What are the contents of MERSAR ?

  MERSAR” refers to the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual, which
was prepared by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969
and adopted in 1971. It provides guidance for emergencies at sea,
particularly for ship masters who may need to participate in search and
rescue operations

Q What are all the Search patterns ?

 actors to consider in deciding what type of search pattern to use
include:
 available number and types of assisting craft
 size of area to be searched
 type of distressed craft
 size of distressed craft
 meteorological visibility
 cloud ceiling
 type of sea conditions
 time of day
 arrival time at datum.
 Expanding square search (SS)
 Sector search (VS)
 Parallel track search (PS)
 Coordinated vessel–aircraft search pattern
 IBC CODE
Q What is IBC code ?
International code for construction and equipment of ships carrying
dangerous
chemicals in bulk, a mandatory code.
Adopted and entered into force in 1983.(Forward 1, Preamble 10)

Q On what vessels the IBC code applied ?

Vessel regardless of size or tonnage engaged in carriage of dangerous
chemicals and NLS in bulk built after 1 July 1986.

Q What is the AIM of the IBC code ?

Provide international standard for safe carriage in bulk by sea of substances
listed in Chapter 17 of the code
Provide design and construction standards and the equipment they should
carry.
To minimize the risk to the ship its crew and the environment having regard
to the
nature of the product involved.
To assign the vessel a type depending upon the cargo she carries.

Q Latest edition of IBC code ?

2020 Edition entered into force in 2021, and it renders all the previous
editions obsolete

Q Latest amendments of the IBC code ?

1
2
3
4
5

Q What are the contents of IBC code ?

Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks
Chapter 3 Ship arrangements
Chapter 4 Cargo containment.
Chapter 5 Cargo transfer
Chapter 6 Materials of construction, protective linings and coatings
Chapter 7 Cargo temperature control
Chapter 8 Cargo tank venting and gas-freeing arrangements
Chapter 9 Environmental control
Chapter 10 Electrical installations
Chapter 11 Fire protection and fire extinction
Chapter 12 Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area
Chapter 13 Instrumentation
Chapter 14 Personnel protection
Chapter 15 Special requirement's
Chapter 16 Operational requirements
Chapter 17 Summary of minimum requirements
Chapter 18 List of products to which the Code does not apply .
Chapter 19 Index of Products Carried in Bulk
Chapter 20 Transport of liquid chemical wastes .
Criteria for assigning carriage requirements for products
Chapter 21
subject to
the IBC Code
Appendix Model form of International Certificate of Fitness for the
Carriage
 of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
Standards and Guidelines relevant to the IBC Code

Q What is Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 vessel as per the IBC code ?
Type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17
products with very severe environmental and safety hazards which
require maximum preventive measures to preclude an escape of such
cargo.

The quantity of a cargo required to be carried in a type 1 ship shall not

exceed 1,250 m 3 in any one tank.

Distance from side and bottom shell plating B/15

Type 2 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products
with appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require
significant preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.

The quantity of cargo required to be carried in a type 2 ship shall not

exceed 3,000 m 3 in any one tank.

Distance at bottom shell plating B/15 and side 760mm.

Type 3 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products
with
sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a
moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in a
damaged condition.
Thus, a type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended for the transportation of
products considered to present the greatest overall hazard and type 2 and
type 3 for products of progressively lesser hazards. Accordingly, a type 1
ship shall survive the most severe standard of damage and its cargo tanks
shall be located at the maximum prescribed
distance inboard from the shell plating.

Q What is Permeability ?
– In relation to a compartment space, means the
percentage of that space which lies below the margin line which
can be occupied by water.

Q What is Boiling point ?

Boiling point The temperature at which a liquid’s vapour pressure is equal
to the atmospheric pressure.

Q What are the dangerous chemicals ?

Dangerous chemicals means any liquid chemicals designated as
presenting a safety
hazard, based on the safety criteria for assigning products to chapter 17.

Q What are the NLS ?

Noxious Liquid Substance means any substance indicated in the Pollution
Category column of chapters 17 or 18 of the International Bulk Chemical
Code, or the current MEPC.2/Circular or provisionally assessed under the
provisions of regulation 6.3 of
MARPOL Annex II as falling into categories X, Y or Z.

Q What is Purging ?
Purging means the introduction of inert gas into a tank which is already
in an inert condition with the object of further reducing the oxygen
content and/or reducing the existing hydrocarbon or other flammable
vapours content to a level below which
combustion cannot be supported if air is subsequently introduced into the
tank.
Q What is Gas freeing ?
Gas-freeing means the process where a portable or fixed ventilation
system is used to
introduce fresh air into a tank in order to reduce the concentration of
hazardous gases
 or vapours to a level safe for tank entry.

Q What method are used to gas free ?

Displacement method and Dilution method.

Q Explain displacement and Dilution method.

Displacement Method – inert gas enters from the top of the tank at a low
velocity, the
interface of the incoming and outgoing gas must be stable without any
turbulence, the HC gas must escape through suitable piping leading out
from the bottom of the tank.
Dilution Method – The inert gas is introduced at a high velocity into the
tank to penetrate to the bottom as HC gas is heavier then inert has or air, to
maintain this
velocity least tanks should be diluted at the same time.

Q When Surveys are carried out as per IBC code ?

Initial survey – right after yard delivery
Renewal survey – decided by the flag state but not more than 5 years.
Intermediate Survey – 3months+- 2nd/3rd anniversary
Annual survey -

Q What is Certificate of fitness ?

An International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk
shall be issued after an initial or renewal survey to a chemical tanker
engaged in international voyages which complies with the relevant
provisions of the Code.
COF shall be issued for a period specified by the Administration which
shall not exceed 5 years.

Q From where do you get a list of all the compatible cargoes for your vessel ?
From Certificate of Fitness.

Q Explain requirements of Pressure-vacuum valves ?

Shouldn’t have any shutoff valve either on pressure or vacuum side but can
have a
bypass arrangement.
PV valves must have a primary and secondary means of venting in case one
fails, Alternatively, the secondary means may consist of pressure sensors
fitted in each tank with a monitoring system in the ship's cargo control room
or position from which cargo operations are normally carried out. Such
monitoring equipment shall also provide an alarm facility which is activated
by detection of over-pressure or under-pressure
conditions within a tank.
The position of vent outlets of a controlled tank venting system shall be
arranged: 6m above deck or 4 m above catwalk.
Horizontally 10m away from the nearest air intake.
PV valves should vent the air out the air at a speed of 30 meter per second.
PV valves shall come with flame screens.

Q Columns of table in IBC code chapter 17 ?

a Product name
b UN Number Deleted
c Pollution category X, Y, Z as per MARPOL Annex 2
d Hazards “S” – Safety Hazard, “P”-Pollution hazard, “S/P” -
Both
e Ship type Type 1, 2 or 3
f Tank type 1, 2 G P
g Tank vents Controlled or open venting
h Tank environmental control
i Electrical
equipment
 j gauging O-Open, R- Restricted, C- Closed
k Vapour detection
L Fire protection
M Materials of construction
N Emergency equipment
O Specific and operational requirements

Q What is Category X, Y, Z and OS of NLS ?

 ISGOTT
Q What is ISGOTT ?
International safety guide for Oil tankers and terminals

Q Latest Edition of ISGOTT ?

Sixth Edition, 2020 Edition

Q Who publishes ISGOTT ?

International Chamber Of Shipping

Q Latest amendments of ISGOTT ?

Enclosed space entry.
Human factors
Safety Management Systems (SMSs), LOTO, Permit to Work, Authority to
stop a work
Cargo inspectors.
Bunkering operations, including the use of alternative fuels such as Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG).
Alternate and Emerging technologies

Q Contents of ISGOTT?
Part 1 General information
Chapter 1 Basic properties and hazards of petroleum
Chapter 2 Gas evolution and measurement
Chapter 3 Static Electricity
Chapter 4 Managing hazards and risks for ship and terminal
Chapter 5 Fire protection
Chapter 6 Security
Chapter 7 Human factor
Chapter 8 Alternative and emerging technologies
Part 2 Tanker Information
Chapter 9 Management of safety and emergencies
Chapter 10 Enclosed Spaces
Chapter 11 Shipboard Systems
Chapter 12 Shipboard operations
Chapter 13 Carrying and storing hazardous materials
Chapter 14 Special ship Types
Part 3 Marine Technical Information
Chapter 15 Marine terminal Administration
Chapter 16 Marine terminal Operation
Chapter 17 Marine terminal Systems and equipment
Chapter 18 Cargo transfer equipment
Chapter 19 Marine terminal fire protection
Chapter 20 Emergency Preparedness and evacuation
Part 4 Ship/Shore(Tanker/Terminal) Interface
Chapter 21 Communications
Chapter 22 Mooring and berthing
Chapter 23 Tanker and terminal precautions for cargo operations
Chapter 24 Bunkering operation
Chapter 25 Ship/Shore safety Checklist

Q What is explosion proof/flame proof?

Explosion proof equipment is designed to contain and prevent the ignition of
flammable gases, vapors, dust, or fibers within its enclosure. It is built to
withstand and contain an internal explosion, preventing it from propagating
to the surrounding environment.
 Flameproof equipment, also known as "Ex d" equipment, is designed to
contain and withstand an internal explosion without allowing flames or hot
gases to escape. It prevents the ignition of flammable substances by
confining the explosion within its enclosure.

Q What is Flame arrestor/Flame trap ?

A flame arrester is a safety device designed allow the free passage of gas or
gaseous mixtures while interrupting or preventing the passage of flame,
mainly by cooling the hot gases and absorbing the heat released during the
detonation process

Q What is Flame screen ?

Fabrics or very small mesh made of wire. Used to prevent sparks from
entering pipes,
tanks etc.

Q What is MSDS ?
Material safety data sheet.
A document that helps in identifying a substance, its constituents
,occupational health and safety information,

Q What are the contents of MSDS

 Chemical identity
 Physical and chemical properties
 Health effects and first aid measures
 Reactivity and stability
 Storage and handling requirements
 Disposal recommendations
 Personal protection and spill/leak procedures
 Emergency contact information

Q What are VOC ?

Volatile organic compounds have greater vapor pressure at ambient
temperature.

Q About Explosimeter, Tankscope, Oxygen analyzer

Explosimeter Tankscope O2 Analyzer
Measures Combustible Gases Conc of CH Oxygen
Unit %LEL % Vol 0-100 0-20.9 % O2
Filament Catalytic filament Non catalytic Paramagnetic or
heated Electro magnetic
filament. Which detects the
electric current
which is
directly
proportional to
the percentage
oxygen
Working A heated filament Composition of
burns the HC gas gas determines
increasing the the rate of loss of
resistance and heat from the
causing a imbalance filament which is
in the WSB. measured and
changes its
resistance of
WSB.
Works in O2 > 11% by vol O2 < 8% by vol Inerted or
non inerted
 tanks
Used During Gas freeing Purging/Inerting Start of Gas
when freeing
To In fresh air with Immerse the
calibra meter at zero by probe in nitrogen
te adjustment of or oxygen, Max
rheostat. check
is carried out in
air.
 Limits Can’t be used in
inerted
tanks
Doesn’t indicate
presence
of Toxic gases
Sample with high
temp may condense
in the chamber &
cools the coil
which may show
less reading

Q Other name for explosimeter ?

Combustible gas detector.

Q Gases covered in multigas detector ?

H2S, CH, O2, CO

Q What is Dräger tube ? What are they used for ?

It is a multi-gas detector, its works on the principle of chemical absorption of
the gas to detected by a reagent which gets discolored, different tubes are
used for detection
of different gases.

Q What is Threshold limit valve(TLV) ?

The concentration of hazardous substances in air which the workers can be
exposed
to repeatedly day after day for a working lifetime without adverse health
affects.

Q What are occupational exposure limits ?

OEL are the limits that protects personnel against harmful exposure in the
working
environments.
They are set by international bodies, flag states and they are explained in
the
company’s SMS.
Expressed in PPM by volume of gas in air or mg per cubic meter.
There are 3 main types of OEL -
Time weighted average(TWA) – Value for exposure of 8 hours workday, 5
1
days a
week.
Short term exposure limits (STEL) – concentration to which workers can
2 be exposed
continuously for a short time period(15 min) without suffering from irritation,
tissue damage or reduction in work efficiency.
3 Ceiling value – shouldn't be exceeded at any time.

Q Source of Electrostatic charges in a tank ?

While loading, Tank cleaning – High speed water jet in mist form, similarly
while COW

Q Precautions against electrostatic hazards ?

Bond UTI and sampling devices, Sample and ullage after atleast 30 min of
settling time, Samplers and Ullage should be non metallic and non
conducting type.(Pg 65)
Remove any loose device that cannot be bonded.
Restrict initial flow to 1 meter per sec at individual tank inlet during the
initial stages of loading until the drop line of any other structure on the base
of the tank has been submerged to twice the drop line diameter and all
 splashing ans surface turbulence
has ceased,
Restrict flow for either 30 min or twice the volume of pipelines from shore’s
tank and
ship’s tank has been received, whichever is lesser.
Drop line should be at the bottom to avoid splash
Do not blow line using compressed air.

Q Why is cargo loaded with 1 m per sec initially ?

 At the beginning there are high chances of oil mixing with the water present
in
pipelines, oil and water mixture is high potent source of static.
Low speed minimizes turbulence and thus static.
Low speed initially reduces the chances of formation of mists near the
nozzles of drop lines
Some terminals which do not flow meters may spread load ie one small line
to serve several cargo tanks initially.

Q What is static electricity ?

The electricity produced by movement between dissimilar materials through
physical
contact and separation.

Q What is Inert gas ?

A gas or a mixture of gases, such as flue gas, containing insufficient oxygen
to support
the combustion of hydrocarbons.

Q What are the requirements of Inert gas plant ?

 1. Tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above, constructed after 1 st July
2002 and tankers of 8000 DWT and above constructed after 1 st January 2016
engaged in
carrying crude oil, must be fitted with an Inert Gas System.

2.The IG system must be capable of inerting empty cargo tanks by

reducing the oxygen content to a level which will not support
combustion. It must also maintain the atmosphere inside the
tank with an oxygen content of less than 8% by volume and at
a positive pressure at all times in port or at sea, except when
necessary to gas-free.

3. All tankers operating with a Crude Oil Washing (COW) system

must be fitted with an inert gas system.

4. All tankers fitted with an inert gas system shall be provided

with a closed ullage system.

5. The system must be capable of delivering gas to the cargo tanks

at a rate of 125% of the maximum rate of discharge capacity
of the ship, expressed as a volume.

6. The system should be capable of delivering IG with an oxygen

content of not more than 5% by volume in the IG supply main
to cargo tanks.

7. Arrangements must be provided to connect the system to an external

supply of IG.

8. At least two non-return devices, one of which will be a water

seal, must be fitted to the IG supply main. These devices should
be located in the cargo area, on deck.

9. The ‘scrubber’ and ‘blowers’ must be arranged and located aft of all cargo
tanks, cargo pump rooms and cofferdams.

10. Tankers with double hull spaces and double bottom spaces
shall be fitted with connections for air and suitable connections
for the supply of inert gas (IG).

11. Suitable portable instruments and/or gas sampling pipes for

measuring flammable vapour concentrations and oxygen must
be provided to assess double hull spaces.

Q What are the alarms in IG system?

 Alarms shall be fitted to the system and indicated in the machinery space
and the cargo control room. These alarms monitor the following:

 Low water pressure or low water flow rate to the flu gas scrubber.
 High water level in the flu gas scrubber.
 High gas temperature.
 Failure of the IG blowers.
 Oxygen content in excess of 8% by volume.
 Failure of the power supply to the automatic control
 system, regulating valve and sensing/monitoring devices.
 Low water level in the deck water seal.
 Gas pressure less than 100 mm water gauge level.
 High gas pressure.
 Insufficient fuel oil supply to the IG generator.
 Power failure to the IG generator.
 Power failure to the automatic control of the IG generator

Q Why main engine exhaust is not taken as inert gas ?

Because of two reasons
Main engine exhaust has high amounts of oxygen.
Main engine can’t run at port where loading and discharging takes place.

Q What are the advantages of IG ?

Advantages

1. A safe tank atmosphere is achieved which is non-explosive.

2. Allows high-pressure tank washing and reduces tank cleaning
time.
3. Allows crude oil washing.
4. Reduces corrosion in tanks – with an efficient scrubber in the
system.
5. Improves stripping efficiency and reduces discharge time.
6. Aids the safe gas-freeing of tanks.
7. Economical to operate.
8. Forms a readily available extinguishing agent for other spaces.
9. Reduces the loss of cargo through evaporation.
10. Complies with legislation and reduces insurance premiums.

Disadvantages

1. Additional costs for installation.

2. Maintenance costs are incurred.
3. Low visibility inside tanks.
4. With low oxygen content, tank access is denied.
5. Could lead to contamination of high-grade products.
6. Moisture and sulphur content corrodes equipment.
7. An established reverse route for cargo to enter the engine room.
8. Oxygen content must be monitored and alarm sensed at all
times.
9. Instrumentation failure could affect fail-safe devices, putting
the ship at risk through the IG system.
10. An additional gas generator is required in the system in the
absence of waste heat products from boiler flue gases.

Q What is Pyrophoric iron sulphide ?

Iron sulphide capable of a rapid exothermic oxidation causing
incandescence when exposed to air and potential ignition of flammable
hydrocarbon gas/air mixtures.

Q What are the contents of Inert gas ?

Nitrogen – 83%
 CO2 – 12-14%
O2 – 2-4%
Sulphur Dioxide – 50 PPM
Water vapors, soot etc – traces.

Q What are some of the sources of Inert gas ?

Uptakes from boilers
Dedicated IG system
IG from external sources.

Q How to inert tanks ?

There are two ways to inert tanks Dilution and Displacement
Dilution – IG with high velocity at the bottom of the tank, but this way can
inert only
 one tank at a time.
Displacement – Slow speed IG from top of the tank and air escapes from
the bottom, allows several tanks to be inerted at once.

Q What is IG plant ?
All equipment fitted to supply cool, clean, containing insufficient oxygen to
support the combustion of hydrocarbons.

Q Draw the diagram of an IG plant.

Q What are the components of IG plant ?

1 Exhaust gas source
2 Inert gas isolating valve
3 Scrubbing tower
4 Demister
5 Blowers
6 IG pressure regulating valve
7 Deck seal
8 Mechanical non return valve
9 Deck isolating valve
10 PV breaker
11 Cargo tank Isolating valve

Q Explain the working of an IG plant

1 Exhaust has source - Taken from exhaust uptakes of boiler or main
engine.
2 Inert gas isolating valve - Supply valve between uptake and the rest of
the system.
3 Scrubbing tower - Flue gases enters from the bottom and passes through
a series of
water sprays and baffle plates to cool, clean and moist the gases, SO2
level decreases upto 90% and becomes clear.
4 Demister - Normally made of polypopylene, used to absorb moisture and
water from the gas
5 Gas blower - Shall have capacity 1.25 times the pumps discharge capacity.
6 IG pressure regulating valve - The pressure of the tanks varies as per the
cargo
level and temperature, to prevent variation and to prevent overheating of
blowers this valve is used. It sends excess pressure back to the scrubbing
tower.
7 Deck seal - Stops backflow of the gases from the Inert line on deck to the
engine room.
8 Mechanical Non-return valve - Additional non-return valve
9 Deck Isolating valve - Engine room system can be isolated fully with this
valve.
10 PV breaker - Helps in over and under pressurization of tanks.
11 Cargo tank isolating valve - Valve on the branch of the IG for individual
tanks
12 Mast riser - Used to maintain positive pressure of inert gas.
Q Your IG plant fails, Action ?
Stop cargo and ballast operation.
Shut deck IG isolating valve
Inform master, E/R and terminal
No ullaging, dipping 3etc in tanks
Carry out troubleshooting of the IG plant.

Q What are all the Alarms of an IG plant ?

Oxygen content more than 8% alarm
IG temperature high alarm
IG pressure high alarm
Low water level in deck seal Alarm
Blower failure alarm
High water level in flue gas scrubber.

Q What is a deck seal ?

An equipment in the IG line that stops backflow of the gases from the Inert
gas line on
deck to the engine room.

Q Different types of deck seal ?

Q What is VECS ?
Vapour Emission Control Systems
An arrangement of piping and equipment used to control vapour emissions
during
tanker operations, including ship and shore vapour collection systems,
monitoring and
control devices and vapour processing arrangements.
Vapour Emission Control Systems (VECS) can serve tankers fitted with inert
gas systems and also non-inerted tankers.

Q What are the dimensions of vapor return line at manifold ?

Q What is flash point ?
Lowest temperature at which liquid gives off enough vapors to form a
flammable mixture near the surface of liquid.

Q What is UFL/UEL and LFL/LEL ?

LFL/LEL – Lower flammable limit or lower explosion limit, The concentration
of HC gases in tank below which there is insufficient HC to support and
propagate
combustion.
UFL/UEL - Upper flammable limit or Upper explosion limit, The concentration
of HC
gases in tank above which there is insufficient oxygen to support and
propagate combustion.

Q UFL & LFL is same or different for various cargoes ?

Different for different cargoes

Q From where do you get UFL and LFL of a cargo ?

From MSDS.

Q Define flammable range

The range of HC has concentrations in air between the LEL and UEL,
mixtures within this rannge are capable of being ignited and of burning.
Q What is Flammability diagram ?
A graph with O2 %vol on X axis and HC %Vol on y axis and with the
flammable range of the cargo highlighted.
 Flammability diagrams show the control of flammability in
mixtures of fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically nitrogen.

Q Draw flammability diagram.

Q Explain flammability diagram

HF is purge line
B is fresh air
D is LEL

Q Why are tanks purged before gas freeing ?

If the concentration of HC is reduced below 5% before gas freeing the
mixture does
not come into the flammable range at any point while the fresh air is being
introduced into the tank.

Q Why the line DC is slanted and not straight ?

The line DC is slanted because in the graph the Values of HC and O2 is
plotted for
%vol so if the %vol of O2 decreases the %vol of HC increases and vice versa

Q What all is there in the Ship-Shore safety checklist ?

Mooring arrangement is adequate
Effective communication is there between the ship and shore
Smoking and open lights are restricted
Firefighting equipment is ready ?
Spill equipment are in ready condition
Manifolds are properly connected and lineup is checked
Samplings protocol agreed
Cargo tank cleaning req, COW agreed ?
Emergency and shutdown procedures, agreed ?
Fire pendants are rigged and ETA is in ready condition ?
 Drip trays are empty and clean.
Cargo tank high level alarms are functional

Q What is A,P and R in Ship-Shore safety checklist ?

A (‘Agreement’). This indicates an agreement or procedure that should be
identified in the ‘Remarks’ column of the Check-List or communicated in
some other mutually acceptable form.

P (‘Permission’). In the case of a negative answer to the statements coded

‘P’, operations should not be conducted without the written permission from
the appropriate authority.

R (‘Re-check’). This indicates items to be re-checked at appropriate

intervals, as agreed between both parties, at periods stated in the
declaration.

Q What are the certificates in ISGOTT ?

 Chemist’s certificate
 Gas free certificate
 Certificate of fitness
 Inhibition certificate
 Calibration certificate for Gas Measuring instruments.

Q What is a chemist’s certificate ?

A certified chemist should test all cargo/ballast spaces for oxygen content
and
hydrocarbon content. The conditions of all tanks and void spaces should be
included on the chemist’s certificate.
 TANKERS
Q Can you load a container on a tanker ?
No, because the tanker doesn’t have a CSS and arrangements to lash
containers.

Q Safety parameters of IG
Deck seal, Mechanical non return value, PV valves, PV breaker, Mast raiser.

Q What are the primary and secondary means of venting ?

If Mast raiser is primary then PV valve is secondary
If PV valve is primary then Pressure sensors are secondary.
PV Breaker are NOT a means of venting.

Q Why PV breaker ain’t a means of venting ?

Because the PV breaker is not connected to the individual tank

Q What are the hazards of chemical tankers ?

Fire or explosion hazard
Toxicity can cause health hazards
Reactivity
Environmental pollution

Q What are PV valves ?

Equipment that save the cargo tanks from over-pressurization during
loading and under-pressurization during discharging.
Every tanks have their individual PV valves.

Q What were the settings of PV value and pressure sensors on your vessel ?
PV Valve Lifting Pressure Sensor
Pressurez Settings
Pressure 2000 mmWG 2200 MMWG
Vacuum -350 mmWG 100 mmWG

Q Draw PV valves from your vessel

Q What is PV breaker ?
An equipment that saves the cargo tanks and IG line from over and under
pressurization.
It is connected commonly to the IG line.

Q What were the settings for PV breaker on your vessel ?

Pressure +2500WG, Vacuum -700mmWG

Q Draw PV Breaker from your ship

Q Precaution of PV breaker against cold climates ?

Add anti freeze in water.

Q If at sea the pressure of the tank increases or decreases, Your action ?

Operate the bypass of PV valve.

Q What is cold work ?

Work which cannot create a source of ignition.

Q Types of cargo pipelines systems

There are types of cargo pipelines systems
Free flow system, Direct line system and ring main system.
Free Direct line Ring main
flow
Used in large crude carriers Used in VLCC Used o product carriers
Used in vessels that carry Carry two or Carry several
only one grade of cargo three grades of different parcels
cargo
Large gate valve built in Simple lines
the bulkhead leading in the
tanks
Due to straight
Due to number of
Stern trim cause the oil to length of pipelines
bends, joints and
flow to the aftermost tank there is better
valves it takes longer
suction and
time.
less loss of pressure
Suction main cargo Fewer valves Due to the number of
pump situated in aft. and bends bends, joints and valves
means less means
 erosion and leaks more erosion and leaks
Less maintenance More maintenance
Through washing
of line is not
Through washing of line
possible unless
is possible without
the washing are
flushing into the tank
flushed into the
tank and
discharged
from there.
Due to fewer valves
leaks are
difficult to
control
Required two
Valve segregation
valve segregation
not provided
between
products
The initial cost of
The initial cost of
fitting in less than
fitting is higher.
ring main system.

Q Precautions while entering Pumproom ?

 Obtain authorization from C/O
 Ensure that P/R is ventilated and tested for toxic gases and O2 content.
 Ventillation arrangements are continuously working.
 PR shall be well lit
 Rescue and resuscitation equipment are standby.
 Communication established.
 PR entry permit formed
 Risk assessment done
 Permit available at the entrance
 Responsible person available at the entrance.
 Entry and exit times shall be noted

Q What is Crude Oil Washing ?

A procedure that is conducted during the discharge which has positive
advantages over water washing methods.
 All crude oil carriers over 40,000 dwt tonnes must now be fitted and use
a crude oil washing facility.
 The method employs a high-pressure jet of crude oil from fixed tank-
cleaning equipment.
 The jet is directed at the structures of the tank and ensures that no slops
remain on board after discharge, every last drop of cargo going ashore.
The advantages are:

 That tank cleaning at sea is avoided, with less likelihood of accidental

pollution,
 Less tank corrosion is experienced than from water washing,
 Increased carrying capacity for the next cargo,
 Full tank drainage is achieved and time saved in gas-freeing for dry dock
periods.

Some disadvantages of the system include:

 That crew workload is increased at the port of discharge

 Discharge time is increased.
 It has a high installation cost and maintenance costs are also increased,
 While crew need special training in operational aspects

Q What precautions will you take prior to crude oil washings ?

  The terminal must be informed well in advanced
 Valves and proper line up to be checked.
 IG plant must be running continuously (O2 less than 8%) and Positive
pressure must be maintained in tank.
 Tank washing line isolated from engine room.
 Hydrant valves on the tank washing line securely shut
 Responsible personnel assigned for patrols on deck.
 Lines are oil tight.
 Tank washing machines functional.

Q How will you prepare your tanks for next parcel ? (cleaning)
 Before loading any cargo, check Certificate of Fitness, heating
requirements, cargo & coating compatibility, density.... Make sure that
you can load it!
 Follow a written Tank cleaning Manual.
 The type of cargo to be cleaned from each tank, and its characteristics.
MSDS should be available so that personnel involved are familiar with
the hazards.
 The major risks during cleaning including toxicity, flammability,
corrosiveness, reactivity, and temperature as well as the safety
precautions to be taken;
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be available and ready
 for use throughout the operation and during connecting and
disconnecting of hoses at the cargo manifold;
 MARPOL requirements for the disposal of cargo residues and cleaning
water (slops);
 That no other operation is being carried out which could interfere with or
affect the safety of the tank cleaning operation;
 That fire-fighting equipment is ready for immediate use.
 Majority of cargoes, the tanks can be washed out with salt water as a
first wash, then finished with a fresh water.
 Stainless steel tanks are usually washed only with fresh water because of
damage which may be incurred to the steel work by use of sea water.
 Washing is often assisted by one of a range of cleansing compounds
which can be sprayed onto the tank sides and then washed off.
 Enclosed space entry procedures should be followed (see Section 9 .4);
 The MSDS for the cleaning agent or chemical solvent used should be
available o n board and
 should be consulted;
 A risk assessment should be carried out;

Q How will you plan the stowage for different parcels?

 Ensure that the parcel to be loaded is mentioned in the COF.

 The quantity of cargo and respective weight.

 Clearance on quality control must be confirmed. Ensuring tanks and

associated pipelines are free of contaminants.

 The specific gravity value of the commodity must be advised to allow an

estimate of the volume to be occupied for the intended weight of cargo.

 Incompatibility with other cargoes or specifically other chemicals must

be notified.

 Incompatible cargoes are not stowed in adjacent compartments.

 The tank coating compatibility must be suitable for the respective cargo.

 Any corrosive properties of the chemical. This information would also be

relevant to the tank coating aspect and provide possible concerns for
incurring damage to shipboard fittings.
  Electrostatic properties can be acquired by some chemicals.

 The level of toxicity of the chemical. If high toxic vapors are a

characteristic of the cargo, then enclosed ventilation may be a
requirement.

 Health hazards of any particular parcel of cargo.

 Reactivity with water, air or other commodities.

 What emergency procedures must be applicable in the event of contact

or spillage.

 The planned stowage will ensure that the ship can carry out cargo
operations in port within its stress and stability limits;

 The planned stowage will ensure that the ship can proceed to sea in a
stable, seaworthy condition.

 The planned stowage complies with IBC Code damage stability

requirements.

Q Action in the case of Oil spill?

 Stop the cargo and ballast operations.
 Raise the general emergency alarm.
 Muster the crew and brief on action,Identify the spill source and contain
it.
 Consider taking assistance from shore.
 Inform relevant authorities as per SOPEP Contact list.
 Coordinate with the shore authorities to contain the spill.
 Alert the nearby vessels of the situation by sending safety alert on VHF.
 Make a record of all the events on the deck log book and On the official
log book ( done by Master).
Q What is a Wall wash test ?

Pouring a small quantity of an appropriate liquid onto a bulkhead to test for

hydrocarbon, colour and other contaminants and collecting the liquid after it
has adsorbed any contaminants.

Wall-wash testing of a tank utilises a chemical, usually methanol, which is

sprayed on to the tank sides and recovered in a sample bottle that is then
sent ashore for testing.

Q What is Topping off ?

The operation of completing the loading of a tank to a required ullage.

Q What is topping up ?
To increase the pressure of inert gas inside the tank.

Q How to decide which tanks are first topped off ?

The tanks which are to be filled 95-98% are topped off first.

Q Is it mandatory for tankers to carry loading instruments(loadicator) ?

Nope, There is no statutory requirement for tankers to carry a loadicator
It is compulsory only for bulk carriers as per SOLAS chapter 12.
However, Class may require tankers > 100m to carry loadicators.

Q Double valve segregation in pump room ?

Necessary to prevent contamination when carrying two or more grades of
cargo.

Q What are the pump room entry procedure ?

Permission from the Chief Officer/OOW
A valid Work Permit – Pump room Space Entry Permit
Risk assessment carried out.
Pump room to be thoroughly ventilated and the ventilation is running all the
time
throughout the entry.
O2 content checked and presence of HC and toxic gases checked.
Made sure that the pump room is well lit.
Communication with CCR established and intervals of comms established.
Entry is recorded. Atmosphere must be tested atleast every 30mins and
during breaks.
All eqpmt and emgncy escape devices in good working order
Entry and exit must be marked and communicated and the permit must be
made available near to the entrance.
Once job is completed everything must be squared up and secured. Permit
closed and bridge informed.

Q What all is there in pump room entry checklist ?

Q Tanker tank cleaning process ?

Refer to Shell tank cleaning chart
Purge the tank and maintain positive IG pressure
SW cycle
Hot FW Cycle
Gas freeing
Mop and Dry
 Tank Inspection
Inerting for next cargo.

Q What all cargoes you have carried ?

ULSD, Naptha, Palm Oil.

Q Hazards of USLD, NAPTHA and Palm Oil

Q Precautions for USLD, NAPTHA and Palm Oil
USLD

NAPTHA

Palm Oil

Q What is Ullage ?
Vertical distance between the top of the tank and the surface of liquid.

Q Precautions you will take while ullaging.

 Care must be taken against inhaling toxic and harmful gases.
 If tanks are pressurized then care must be taken when opening ullage ports and
must be done so in the presence of an authorized person.
 Depending on the cargo the respiratory devices must be worn.
 Metallic components of any equipment to be lowered into a tank should be
securely bonded together and to the tank before the sampling device is
introduced.
 No dipping, ullaging or sampling with metallic equipment should take place
while a static accumulator is being loaded.

Q What is an UTI ? How does it work ?

UTI (Ullage Temperature Interface) is a detector used to measure the ullage, temperature, and
the oil-water interface onboard tankers. includes a sensor probe, measurement tape, display
unit, and winding drum. Its primary purpose is to determine the temperature and oil-water
interface on tankers by attaching the sensor probe to the measurement tape, which can vary
in length from 15m to 40m. Manufacturers offer a temperature range between -40°C and
110°C. All UTI meters have earth grounding capabilities for safety purposes.

Q What is SIRE ? OCIMF ? Vetting ?

 Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE). This programme was originally launched in
1993 to specifically address concerns about sub-standard shipping.
 The SIRE system is a very large database of up-to-date information about tankers and
barges. Essentially, SIRE has focused tanker industry awareness.
 Ship Inspection Report (SIRE) vetting is a process used by oil and chemical companies to
assess the safety and suitability of ships used to transport products. It involves a
thorough inspection of the ship and its equipment, and a review of the vessel's crew and
operating history.

Q What is a mast riser ?

 A mast riser is essentially a device or, rather, a system to relieve the pressure
accumulated inside the cargo tanks of oil tankers. It is the primary means of venting a
cargo tank.

Q What certificates are required for Bitumen tankers?

Q How will you take over a cargo watch on a Tanker?

 the depth of water at the berth, the ship's draught, the level and time of
high and low waters; securing of the moorings, arrangement of anchors
and the sco-pe of the anchor chain, other features of mooring important
for the safety of the ship; stale of main engines and availability for
emergency use;
 the nature, amount and disposition of cargo loaded or remaining,
 the signals and lights being exhibited
 the state of the fire-fighting appliances;
 any special port regulations;
  the Master's standing and special orders;
 When taking over the watch, the OOW must verify which senior officer is
available to assist him if required, and who he should call in an
emergency.
 OOW should check the radio batteries are fully charged, and set to the
channel currently being used.
 The OOW should know which crew members are on duty, and who is on
stand-by to be called to assist if required.
 He should make himself known to the duty stevedore foreman or
terminal operator, as appropriate, and know how to communicate with
them for both routine operations and emergencies.
 the procedures for notijiying the appropriate authority of any
environmental pollution resulting from ship activities.
 Must identify :
 Unsafe practices or hazardous conditions.
 Situations which are contrary to standing orders
 The cargo/ballast plan, and the present state of cargo operations,
including any special requirements for cargo handling.
 Any other operations or activities taking place which may concern the
OOW, such a bunkers, stores, repairs or surveys.

Q What all will you do in your watch in tankers ?

Q Where do you get ship shore safety checklist ? Does your company’s differ
from ISGOTT ?
 ISGOTT and SMS

Q Certificates carried on a chemical tankers ?

 Certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk
 International pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of NLS.
 P&A manual
 CRB
 SMPEP

Q What all is there in the Pre arrival checklist ?

 International shore fire connection is available .
 Transfer hoses are of suitable construction.
 Terminal information booklet reviewed
 Pre-berthing information is exchanged
 Pressure/vacuum valves and/or high velocity vents are operational.
 Fixed and portable oxygen analysers are operational.
 Inert gas system pressure and oxygen recorders are operational.
 Inert gas system and associated equipment are operational.
 Cargo tank atmospheres’ oxygen content is less than 8%.
 Cargo tank atmospheres are at positive pressure.

Q What is BLEVE ?
A BLEVE (Boiling Liquid/Expanding Vapour Explosion) is an explosion resulting
from the catastrophic failure of vessel containing a liquid significantly above
its boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure. Upon rupture, the sudden
decompression produces a blast and the pressure immediately drops. Where
the vapour/air mixture is within its flammable limits, it will ignite to create a
large fireball and the sudden release of cargo vapour provides further fuel for
the fireball.
Q What is MARPOL line ?
Small diameter discharge line used to discharge last part of cargo, dia 10%
of main cargo discharge line
Connection of MARPOL line for discharge ashore should be after main
manifold valve.
 GAS CARRIERS
Q What is difference between LPG and LNG ?
 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) – Natural gas comes from natural sources
and is composed of methane, ethane, propane and small amount of
butane. It is condensed to about 1/600 of the volume by cooling it to
below the -160°C, its boiling point, to produce LNG.
 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) – Liquid petroleum gas, produced during
the refining of crude oil or rich/wet natural gas and made up of propane
and butane with some propylene and butylene.

Q Types of Gas Carriers ?

 fully pressurized gas carriers
 semi-refrigerated gas carriers
 refrigerated gas carriers

Q Properties of propane ?
 Propane is a colorless, odorless gas. At normal pressure it liquifies below
its boiling point at −42 °C and solidifies below its melting point at −187.7
°C.

Q How do you load Propane ?

 Before the loading operation begins, the pre-operational ship / shore
procedures must be thoroughly discussed and subsequently carried out.
 The terminal must provide the necessary information on the cargo,
including inhibitor certificates where inhibited cargoes are loaded.
 Either the terminal or the shippers will advise the required cargo tank
temperatures / pressure which are required for arrival at the load port.
 Cargo loading can be carried out using either a vapour return line, the
ship’s reliquefaction plant, or both. Where loading is carried out with a
vapour return facility, liquid is taken on board through the liquid header
and directed into the appropriate tanks.
 The early stages of loading are critical, particularly where significant
distances exist between storage tank and jetty. Ship’s tank pressures
must be regularly observed and on no account should relief valves be
allowed to lift. Loading rates must be reduced and, if necessary, stopped
when difficulties are experienced in maintaining acceptable tank
pressures. Ship’s tank pressure rise in the early stages of loading can
also be controlled to a certain extent by taking liquid into the cargo tank
via the top sprays so condensing part of the cargo vapour.
 A close watch must be kept on ship’s cargo tank pressure, temperatures,
liquid levels, inter-barrier space pressures etc., throughout the loading
operation.
 Towards the end of the loading operation, loading rates must be reduced
to an appropriate rate as previously agreed with shore staff in order to
accurately “top-off” tanks.

 All unused manifolds are to be blanked.

 The maximum transport pressure of the incoming gas should be at least
0.1 bar below the relief valve settings. If the pressure of the incoming
gas is higher than the relief valve settings, flow must be throttled to
prevent the valves lifting.
 Cargo tanks must not be filled to more than 98% of the tank capacity,
measured after necessary adjustments to the temperature of the cargo
have been completed.
 If overfilling occurs this must be corrected immediately by transferring
the liquid to another tank, or the deck tank using the deep well pump.
  A sudden closing of the quick closing valves, caused by overfilling, can
cause problems at the terminal because they may not be able to react
quickly to the situation.
 LPG cargoes may contain traces of water when loaded. It may be
permissible in such cases to prevent hydrate formation by adding small
quantities of a suitable anti-freeze (e.g. methanol, ethanol) at strategic
points in the system.
 Care must be taken to keep the vessel upright at all times, which means
keeping the cargo even and the ballast even. If the vessel does develop
a list during cargo operations, it must be corrected to bring the vessel
upright immediately.

Q What are the precautions while loading Propane ?

Marked in red in the previous question

Q Precautions against fire in gas carriers ?

 Dry powder :
Dry powder is provided both in large fixed installations and portable
extinguishers. Any part of the deck can be reached by at least two hoses
from the fixed installations.

 Water extinguishing :
Water is not a suitable medium for fighting an LNG fire directly as it will
cause a massive expansion of the fire, through an increase in the rate of
vaporisation of the liquid to gaseous state. Water is however essential as
a cooling medium for the area surrounding an LNG fire and to protect
personnel who may need to approach the site. Water is also essential for
protecting steel work from the effects of extreme cold in the event of a
liquid spill.

 CO2 :
A CO2 extinguisher system is available for cargo compressor rooms,
electric motor rooms, inert gas dryer room and on some ships cargo
control room. Ships plans should be consulted for what is applicable to
the concerned vessel.

1. Isolate the source of leak, stop loading/discharging, and shut all

manifold valves.
2. Sound the alarm.
3. Provide protection for adjacent equipment and for fire-fighters.
4. Attack fire with a maximum rate of application of dry powder. Do not
agitate the surface of any pool of LNG.
5. Remain on guard against possible re-ignition.

Q Reliquification Plant on gas carrier ?

 Boil-off gas (BOG) recovery system, also known as BOG reliquefaction
plant :
An onboard reliquefaction system that recovers boil-off gas in LNG
carriers and returns it to the cargo tanks. The BOG, at about -143°C and
atmospheric pressure, is taken from the cargo tanks and passed through
a compressor, where its pressure is raised to 4.5 bar and temperature to
-60°C. This is then passed through one side of a nitrogen heat exchanger
where its temperature is reduced to – 160°C at between 2 and 4 bar.
This process converts the gas back into liquid but it must then be passed
through a separator to remove any incondensibles. The cargo can then
be returned to the tanks via loading or spray lines.
Q Inerting procedure in gas carriers ?
 inert gas from shore (usually liquid nitrogen) may be stored on board in
vacuum insulated vessels.
 When inerting a tank which has been ventilated with air, the oxygen
content should be checked regularly. The oxygen content after inerting
should never exceed 5% by volume,
 When inerting a tank which has contained cargo vapour, the process
should be continued until the cargo vapour concentration is sufficiently
low to prevent formation of flammable mixtures during subsequent
ventilation with air.
 If liquid nitrogen is used as an inert gas, it should not be allowed to come
into contact with any metal (other than the dedicated nitrogen storage
and piping system) with a service temperature above -196 deg C. If it
does, brittle fracture will occur. If the storage bottles and transfer line
are vacuum insulated, the vacuum should be carefully maintained to
prevent excessive boil-off. It is rarely possible to replace lost nitrogen
except in port.
 To avoid possible back-flow of cargo vapour, the cargo lines should be
opened to the vent system before the inert gas system is connected. It is
advisable to use hot gas or some other suitable method to warm up
tanks that have contained low temperature cargoes before inerting, so
that the steel temperature is above the dew point temperature. Failure
to do so means that much larger quantities of inert gas will be required
and moisture or CO? will freeze out. Similarly, if cold nitrogen vapour is
used for inerting, atmospheric moisture is likely to be deposited in tanks.

Q Pre-Arrival preparation in gas carriers ?

 Inerting of tanks are carried out.
 Gassing up of tanks to prepare tanks for receiving cargo.
 Cooldown of tanks and associated pipelines by using cargo itself by
circulating and spraying into tanks.
 Rollover precautions taken.
 MARPOL
Q What is MARPOL ?
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

Q Why is it called 73/78 ?

Because it was adopted in 73 and modified by the protocols of 78

Q Latest edition of MARPOL ?

MARPOL Consolidated Edition 2022

Q MARPOL latest amendments ?

Q Contents of MARPOL
1 Introduction
2 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
3 Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution
from Ships, 1973
4 Protocol I: Provisions concerning reports on incidents involving harmful
substances
5 Protocol II: Arbitration
6 Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution
from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto
MARPOL ANNEX 1
MARPOL ANNEX 2
MARPOL ANNEX 3
MARPOL ANNEX 4
MARPOL ANNEX 5
MARPOL ANNEX 6

Q Names of all the annexes ?

ANNEX 1-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil
ANNEX 2-Regulations for the CONTROL of pollution by noxious liquid
substances in bulk
ANNEX 3-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances
carried by sea in packaged form
ANNEX 4-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
ANNEX 5-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships
ANNEX 5-Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships

Q When were the MARPOL Annexes adopted ?

Annex 1 - 1983
Annex 2 - 1987
Annex 3 - 1992
Annex 4 - 2003
Annex 5 - 1988
Annex 6 - 2005

Q What are the certificates as per MARPOL

Q Define “Pollution” as per MARPOL(Hint – Due to human error)

Introduction of pollutants into the atmosphere that are harmful for the
environment, sea life and human life due to a human error.
Q Define Oil
Oil means petroleum products including crude oil or its derivatives other
than those
covered by Annex II.

Q Define Crude Oil

Naturally occurring hydrocarbon liquid mixture.

Q Define “Oily Mixture”

Q What is Special area for Annex 1

Special area means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in
relation to its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the
particular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatory
methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is
required.
The Mediterranean Sea
The Baltic Sea
The Black Sea
The Red Sea
the Gulfs
the Gulf of Aden
the Antarctic area
the North West European waters

Q What is Slop tank ?

Slop tank means a tank specifically designated for the collection of tank
drainings, tank
washings and other oily mixtures.

Q What is clean ballast ?

Clean ballast means the ballast in a tank which, since oil was last carried
therein, has been so cleaned that effluent therefrom if it were discharged
from a ship which is stationary into clean calm water on a clear day would
not produce visible traces of oil
on the surface of the water or on adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or
emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining
shorelines.

Q What is segregated Ballast ?

Segregated ballast means the ballast water introduced into a tank which is
completely separated from the cargo oil and oil fuel system and which is
permanently allocated to the carriage of ballast or to the carriage of ballast
or cargoes other than oil or noxious
liquid substances as variously defined in the Annexes of the present
Convention.

Q What is IOPP certificate ? Who issues it ? What is its validity? It is applicable

on which
vessels ? What all is surveyed in the inspection ?
It is International Oil Pollution Prevention certificate
It is issued by Flag state,after initial survey and renewal survey.
Its validity is decided by the flag state but it shouldn't be more than 5 years.
It is applicable on Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above, and
every other ship of 400 gross tonnage and above.
Structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material of the
vessel.

Q What are the supplements of IOPP certificate ?

The supplement of IOPP certificate are the records of construction and
equipment
FORM A – For ships other than tankers
FORM B – For tankers
Q Oil discharge criteria Outside special area for machinery spaces
1 The ship is proceeding en route;
2 The oily mixture is processed through the OWS.
3 The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 ppm;
4 The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges on oil
tankers; and
5 The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
6 Discharge in Antarctic shall be prohibited.

Q Oil discharge criteria Inside special area for machinery spaces

Same as Outside special area only that the OWS shall be fitted that raises
and alarm
and stops the discharge when the oil contents and effluents are more than
15 PPM.
Remember E/R can discharge even inside special area but not Deck.

Q Define Enroute.

Q Can you discharge E/R bilges at anchor ?

No, the vessel needs to be en route to discharge.

Q What is the function of an OWS ?

 A device used to separate oil from oily water mixtures and from the
emulsion.
 An oil content monitor is provided to measure continuously the oil
content of the effluent. If the set limit of the oil content is exceeded, the
effluent is automatically recirculated to the collecting tank, or the
separator is stopped.

Q E/R Emergency bilge discharge criteria and emergency equipment related to

that ?

Q What is ORB Part 1 ?

ORB part 1 is only for E/R for Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and
above and
every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above.
It shall be preserved for atleast 3 years.

Q What is ORB part 2 ?

Oil Record Book Part II – Cargo/ballast operations
Every Oil tanker > 150 GRT shall carry.

Q What are the entries to be made in ORB Part 1 ?

Shall be completed on each occasion on a tank to tank basis whenever the
following operations are carried out:
Ballasting and cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks.
Collection and disposal of oil residues
Discharge overboard or disposal of bilge water that has been accumulated in
machinery spaces.
 Bunkering of oil fuel or lubricating oil.

Q What are the entries to be made in ORB Part 2 ?

Entries to be made when -
Loading of oil cargo
Internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
unloading of oil cargo
ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tanks;
cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing
discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks;
discharge of water from slop tanks;
closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop tank discharge
operations;
disposal of residues
accidental discharge
Failure of ODMCS

Q Why entries are made in ORB ?

To prevent oil pollution

Q Can you carry ballast water in Fuel oil tanks ? What if it is carried anyways
for some
reason?
Nope, As per Annex 1, Regulation 16 para 1,
Then that ballast water is dirty and it shouldn't be discharged and only be
landed to
shore reception and entry to be made in oil record book.

Q Can oil be carried in FPK tank ?

Nope, As per Annex 1, Regulation 16, para 3, no oils can be carried in tanks
for’d of
collision bulkhead.

Q Can you carry ballast water in cargo tanks ?

Yes, if weather is very rough and master deem it necessary for the safety of
the
vessel.
Such additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in
compliance with
regulation 34 of this Annex and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record
Book Part II referred to in regulation 36 of this Annex.
And in other exceptional cases.

Q Requirement of Slop tanks ?

Adequate means shall be provided to transfer dirty ballast and tank
washings from cargo tanks to be transferred into slop tanks.
Total capacity of slop tanks – 3% of vessel’s oil carrying capacity.
 70,000 tonnes deadweight and above delivered after 31 December 1979,
shall have atleast 2 slop tanks.
Design of slop tanks shall be such that they avoid excess turbulence in oil –
water emulsion.

Q What is ODMCS ?
Oil discharge monitoring and control system

Q Specification of ODMCS ?
Oil tankers > 150 GRT, shall have an ODMCS.
The system shall be fitted with a recording device to provide a continuous
record of the
discharge in litres per nautical mile and total quantity discharged, or the oil
content and
rate of discharge along with a time stamp.
These records shall be maintained for atleast 3 years.
The oil discharge monitoring and control system shall come into operation
when there is any discharge of effluent into the sea and shall be such as
will ensure that any discharge of oily mixture is automatically stopped
when the instantaneous rate of
discharge of oil exceeds that permitted by regulation 34 of this annex.
Any failure of this monitoring and control system shall stop the discharge.

Q List of alarms in ODMCS ?

whenever the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil exceeds 30 litres per
nautical
mile
when the total quantity of oil discharged reaches 1/30,000∗ of the previous
cargo;
in the event of failure of the system’s operation

Q Parts of ODMCS ?
Flow meter
Sample inlet
Sample outlet
Analyzing unit
Converting unit
Computer unit
Overboard valve
Slop return valve

Q Lineup of ODMCS
 Q Discharge criteria as per annex 1 for cargo outside special area
The tanker is not within a special area;
the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land;
the tanker is proceeding en route;
the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 L per
nautical
mile;
Not more than 1/30K of total quantity of the cargo of which the residue
formed a part
of;
The tanker must have a ODMCS and slop tank arrangement;

Q Discharge criteria for annex 1 inside special area.

Totally prohibited.
But can discharge clean and segregated ballast.
Remember E/R can discharge even inside special area but not Deck.

Q What is Instantaneous rate of discharge ? What are the factors effecting it ?

Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content” means the rate of
discharge of oil in
litres per hour at any instant divided by the speed of the ship in
knots at the same instant

Q What is SOPEP ? What all vessels are supposed to carry it ?

Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan
Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship other
than an oil tanker of 400 gross tonnage and above shall carry on board a
shipboard oil pollution
emergency plan approved by the Administration.

Q What is OSD and how will you measure it?

 OSD are chemical agents that include surface active agents which are
partly oil and water soluble.
 Facilitates the breakdown of an oil slick into tiny droplets, which are
suspended and disseminated in water mass.
 Dispersed oil will degrade more rapidly than oil in a surface slick and in
circumstances will present a lesser threat to the environment than oil.
 When to use OSD:
1. When the spill is large and is progressing towards the shore without
being able to contain it.
2. When weather/ sea conditions preclude use of mechanical recovery.
3. When there are large numbers of birds at risk.
4. When the slick is moving towards areas of important oil-sensitive
resources.

 Oil spill dispersant quantities are determined by the flag state depending
on the vessel’s type, contingency plans and all.
 Ratio of 1 : 20 or 30

Q What shall a SOPEP consist of ?

1 Procedure to report an oil pollution incident.
2 The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of an oil
pollution incident
3 A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on
board to
reduce or control the discharge of oil following the incident
4 the procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard
action with
national and local authorities in combating the pollution.

Q What are the Plans and drawings in SOPEP Plan?

1 General Arrangement Plan
2 Midship Section Plan
3 Fuel Oil Piping and Pumping Plan
4 Damage Stability Data
5 Listing of ship to ship transfer equipment and fittings.
6 Shell expansion plan

Q What happens to SOPEP if vessel also carries Annex 2 cargo ?

Then the SOPEP must be combined with SMPEP.
 In this case, the title of shall be “SMPEP”.

Q How to make a correction to SOPEP ?

Corrections to the plans must be submitted to the coast guard for approval
or for
information
Amendments to personnel and telephone numbers in the Plan do not require
prior
approval but must be listed in RECORD OF CHANGES of this Plan.
Any changes to the Plan required by the Coast Guard must be entered in the
Plan and
listed in RECORD OF CHANGES(The first page of SOPEP).

Q SOPEP drill frequency ?

Every 3 months.

Q What are the equipment in SOPEP ?

Equipment Quantity
1 Oil Spill dispersant chemical (25L) 11 Cans
2 Saw Dust 5KG 11 Bags

3 Plastic Shovel 25 Pieces

4 Splash Suit set with Gum Boots 1 Set
5 Chemical spray machine 1

6 Oil Booms 76 pieces

7 Oil absorbent pads 100 Pieces

8 Slop Drums 200L 5 drums

9 Welden pump with suction and discharge hose 1 set
10 Scupper plugs

Q SOPEP is designed for how much quantity of oil ?

On my ship we had 5 drums of 200 L so I am guessing 1000L ?

Q How to see if you vessel if Crude oil carrier or a product carrier ?

We can see it in the IOPP certificate.

Q Does this annex cover oily rags ?

No, it is cover by Annex 5

Q Does Annex 1 covers Cooking Oil ?

No, It comes under Annex 5

Q What are the documents as per Annex 1

IOPP certificate
 COW manual
ODMCS manual
OWS manual
STS manual
ORB part 1 and part 2(In case of tankers)
SOPEP manual

Q Oil spill from bunker barge, Your action ?

Q You see bunker tanks overflow, your action ?

Q Action in case oil goes overboard.

Inform the nearest coast authority
Take measures to contain the oil by using an oil boom
Take measures to not further spill the oil
Use oil spill dispersant chemical only if port state allows it.
Contact 24 hour oil spill response organization
Make entry in bridge log book, E/R log book and oil record book.

Q What is MARPOL Annex 2 ?

Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk

Q Why “control” and not “prevention” ?

Q Special area as per Annex 2 ?

Only Antarctic, and discharge there is prohibited.

Q What is clean ballast as per Annex 2 ?

Clean ballast means ballast water carried in a tank which, since it was
last used to carry a cargo containing a substance in category X, Y or Z,
has been thoroughly cleaned and the residues resulting therefrom have
been discharged and the tank
emptied in accordance with the appropriate requirements of this Annex.

Q What is Segregated ballast as per Annex 2 ?

Segregated ballast means ballast water introduced into a tank
permanently allocated to the carriage of ballast or cargoes other than oil
or noxious liquid substances as
variously defined in the Annexes of the present Convention, and which is
completely separated from the cargo and oil fuel system.

Q What is Noxious liquid substance ?

Noxious liquid substance means any substance indicated in the Pollution
Category
 column of chapter 17 or 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code or
provisionally
assessed under the provisions of regulation 6.3 as falling into category X, Y
or Z.

Q What is a chemical tanker ?

Chemical tanker means a ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in
bulk of any
liquid product listed in chapter 17 of the International Bulk Chemical Code.

Q What is NLS tanker ?

NLS tanker means a ship constructed or adapted to carry a cargo of noxious
liquid substances in bulk and includes an “oil tanker” as defined in Annex I of
the present Convention when certified to carry a cargo or part cargo of
noxious liquid substances
in bulk.

Q What is category X, Y, Z and OS as per Annex 2 ?

Category X: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea
from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a
major hazard to either marine resources or human health and, therefore,
justify the prohibition of the
discharge into the marine environment;
Category Y: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea
from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a
hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to
amenities or other legitimate uses of the
sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the
discharge into the marine environment;
Category Z: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea
from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a
minor hazard to either marine resources or human health and therefore
justify less stringent restrictions on
the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment;
Other substances: Substances indicated as OS (Other Substances) in the
pollution category column of chapter 18 of the International Bulk Chemical
Code which have been evaluated and found to fall outside category X, Y or
Z as defined in regulation 6.1 of this Annex because they are, at present,
considered to present no harm to marine resources, human health,
amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea when discharged into the sea
from tank cleaning or deballasting operations. The discharge of bilge or
ballast water or other residues or mixtures containing only substances
referred to as “Other Substances” shall not be subject to any requirements
of the
Annex.

Q What is IPPC ?
International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious
Liquid
Substances in Bulk

Q How much cargo can you retain as per Annex 2

Cat X ,Y and Z – 75L

Q Specification of annex 2 UW discharge ?

The underwater discharge outlet (or outlets) shall be located within the
cargo area in
the vicinity of the turn of the bilge and shall be so arranged as to avoid the
re-intake of residue/water mixtures by the ship’s seawater intakes.
The underwater discharge outlet arrangement shall be such that the
residue/water mixture discharged into the sea will not pass through the
ship’s boundary layer.
Q Slop tank specification for annex 2 ?
Although this Annex does not require the fitting of dedicated slop tanks, slop
tanks
may be needed for certain washing procedures. Cargo tanks may be
used as slop tanks.

Q Discharge criteria for Annex 2 cargo.

1 Before prewash or discharging tank shall be max emptied at the discharge
port
For cat X cargos, after discharging the max, the tanks should be prewashed
and the prewash should be given to shore and our tanks should be inspected
by Surveyors for
emptiness.
2 Enroute speed – min 7 Kn for barges 4 Kn.
3 Discharged from an UW discharge.
4 Min 12 miles from the nearest land and min depth 25 m.
Only Antarctic is the special area, and discharge there is prohibited.

Q Can you carry out the ventilation of Annex 2 cargoes ?

Yes,

Q Discharge criteria of additive or chemicals used for tank washing ?

If any additives such as chlorinated solvent or mineral oil are used for
cleaning it’s discharge shall be governed by the annex 1 or 2 which would
apply .

Q What is P&A Manual ?

The purpose of the P & A Manual is to identify for the ship’s officers the
physical arrangements and all the operational procedures with respect to
cargo handling, tank cleaning, slops handling and cargo tank ballasting and
deballasting which must be
followed in order to comply with the requirements of Annex II.
Every ship certified to carry substances of category X, Y or Z shall have this
on board.

Q What are the contents of P&A Manual ?

1 Main features of MARPOL Annex II
2 Description of the ship’s equipment and arrangements
3 Cargo unloading procedures and tank stripping
Procedures relating to the cleaning of cargo tanks,
4
the discharge of residues, ballasting and deballasting
5 Information and procedures.

Q What are the Plans for the P& A Manual ?

GA plan
Capacity Plan
Pumping arrangement
Ship specific information plans

Q Equipment required as per P & A manual .

Q What is cargo record book ?
Every vessel to which annex 2 applies shall be provided with a CRB.

Q What all entries are made in Cargo record book ?

 Unloading
 Stripping
 Prewash ops
 Discharge of NLS into sea
 Disposal of tank washings

Q What is SMPEP ?
Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious liquid substances
Every ship of 150 gross tonnage and above certified to carry noxious liquid
substances
in bulk shall carry on board.
The consists of -
The procedure to be followed by the master or other persons having charge
of the ship
to report a noxious liquid substances pollution incident
The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of a noxious
liquid
substances pollution incident;
A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on
board to
reduce or control the discharge of noxious liquid substances following the
incident.
The procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard
action with
national and local authorities in combating the pollution.

Q Difference between SMPEP and SOPEP.

Q Documents as per MARPOL ANNEX II ?

IPPC
SMPEP
DOC
Cargo Record Book
P&A Manual

Q What is MARPOL ANNEX III ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by
sea in
packaged form

Q What is harmful substance ?

“harmful substances” are those substances which are identified as marine
pollutants in
the IMDG

Q What is MARPOL Annex IV ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
Q What is Sewage ?
Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals
Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via wash basins,
wash
tubs and scuppers located in such premises;
Drainage from spaces containing living animals
Other wastes when mixed with the drainages above
Q Vessels this annex IV apply to ?
Annex IV of the MARPOL Convention applies to all ships on international
voyages with a size of 400 GT or more, or such ships with less than 400 GT
but which are approved for more than 15 persons (crew and passengers) on
board.

Q What is ISPP certificate ?

International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate

Q What all systems are required by the ANNEX IV ?

Sewage treatment plant – type approved
Sewage disinfection and comminuting plant - type approved
Holding tank – its capacity to be decided by the administration depending
upon the
operations of ship and no of people.

Q What should be the capacity of the holding tank ?

its capacity to be decided by the administration depending upon the
operations of ship
and no of people.

Q Discharge criteria for annex 4 ?

If the sewage has been processed through an approved sewage disinfection
and comminuting plant then it can be discharged at a distance of at 3nm
away from the nearest land.
If the sewage has not been processed through an approved sewage
disinfection and comminuting plant then it must be discharged at a distance
of at 12nm away from the nearest land.
The sewage held in the holding tank must not be discharged instantaneously
at any time but at a moderate rate, when the ship is enroute and proceeding
at a speed of at least 4 knots.
The ship must have an approved sewage treatment plant certified by the
administration.
The test results of the sewage treatment plant must be laid out in the ISPP
certificate.
The effluent when being discharged shall not produce any visible floating
solids or cause discoloration of the surrounding water.

Q Special area as per Annex 4 ? Discharge criteria for special area

Baltic sea
Prohibited, unless vessel has a type approved sewage treatment plant, the
kind that
removes Nitrogen and Phosphorous from the sewage.
Q Discharge connection for Sewage ?
Both side of the ship, open to deck
Outer dia - 210 mm,
inner dia – according to
pipe, Bolt circle dia –
170mm Slots – 4*18mm
nuts - 16mm
Flange – 16mm thickness steel

Q What is MARPOL Annex V ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships

Q Define garbage
Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste
excluding fresh
fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation of the ship.
Diposed off continuously or periodically except for those substances
mentioned in the other annexes of the present convention.

Q Define Sludge
The residue from any oil separation process which is usually a mixture of
water, solid material and high viscosity oil.

Q What is special area for ANNEX V ?

Special area means a sea area, where for recognized technical reasons in
relation to its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the
particular character of its traffic
the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea
pollution by garbage is required.
Med
Baltic
Black
Red
Gulf
North Sea
Antarctic area
Wider Caribbean Region

Q List all the categories of Garbage alphabet wise as per your last vessel’s GRB
A - Plastic
B – Food waste
C – Domestic Waste – Glass, Metal, rags, paper etc.
D – Cooking Oil
E – Incinerator Ash
F – Operational waste
G – Animal Carcass
H – Fishing Gear
I – Electronic Waste
Q Discharge criteria outside special area
Food waste comminuted and ground – 3Nm away from the nearest land and
enroute
Food waste not communited or ground – 12Nm away from the nearest land
and enroute
Cargo residues not contained in wash water - 12Nm away from the nearest
land and enroute
Cargo residues contained in wash water - 12Nm away from the nearest land
and enroute
Cleaning agents and additives in deck and external surfaces - Permitted

Cleaning agents and additives contained in cargo hold wash water -

Permitted
Animal carcasses – As far as possible from the nearest land and when
enroute
All other garbage including plastics, dunnage, lining and packing materials,
synthetic ropes, fishing gear, paper, rags , glass, crockery etc -Prohibited
Mixed garbage more stringent discharge criteria shall apply.

Q Discharge criteria Inside special area

Food waste comminuted and ground – 12Nm away from the nearest land
and enroute
Food waste not communited or ground – Prohibited

Cargo residues not contained in wash water - Prohibited

Cargo residues contained in wash water - 12Nm away from the nearest land
and enroute
Cleaning agents and additives in deck and external surfaces - 12Nm away
from the nearest land and enroute
Cleaning agents and additives contained in cargo hold wash water -
Permitted
Animal carcasses – Prohibited

All other garbage including plastics, dunnage, lining and packing materials,
synthetic ropes, fishing gear, paper, rags , glass, crockery etc - Prohibited
Mixed garbage more stringent discharge criteria shall apply.

Q Documents for Annex V ?

Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above, and every ship which is certified
to carry 15 persons or more, shall carry a garbage management plan which
the crew shall follow.
 This plan shall provide written procedures for collecting, storing,
processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of the equipment
on board.
 It shall also designate the person in charge of carrying out the plan.
 written in the working language of the crew.
Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified
to carry 15 persons or more engaged in voyages to ports or offshore
terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention and every
fixed and floating platform engaged in exploration and exploitation of the
sea-bed shall be provided with a Garbage Record Book.
Q Can you throw cargo hold bilge water overboard ?

Q Criteria to discharge the Bulk cargo wash water and bulk cargo residue ?

Q Garbage record books ?

GRB Part 1 is for all ships; GRB Part 2 is for bulk cargo residues

Q What entries are made in Garbage record book ?

 Date and time of discharge
 Position lat and long or port name
 Category discharged
 Estimated amount of garbage discharged in m3.
 Signature

Q What is a Garbage Management Plan ?

Q How will you implement Garbage management plan on your new ship ?
Dedicate a garbage collection area on your ship
Dedicate various bins for various different categories of garbage as per the
GMP
Bins shall be marked with the category of garbage and their cubic capacities
Garbage area and galley and common places should have all the MARPOL
Annex V posters.
Stencil the garbage categories on the bulkhead near the garbage collection
area
Hold a meeting with the crew explaining them the GMP.
Start a garbage record book.

Q What is MARPOL Annex VI

Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships

Q What are emission control area ?

An area where the adoption of special mandatory measures for emissions
from ships is required to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from NOx
or SOx and particulate matter or all three types of emissions and their
attendant adverse
impacts on land and sea area.

Special areas: North American Area, North Atlantic Sea Area, United States
Carribean Sea Area, Baltic Sea Area, North Sea Area

Q What is SECA area ?

Sulphur Emission Control Area
Q List the SECA areas
Baltic Sea
North Sea
North Atlantic sea area
US carribean sea area

Q Latest SECA area ?

Baltic and North Sea 2021

Q How would you control emission of SOx gases in SECA areas ?

Sulphur content should be within limits
Exhaust cleaning system to reduce SOX to 6 g/ kilowatt hour
Any other method to reduce the content as above

Q When do you carry out the Fuel changeover.

Every ship is provided with a changeover Low Sulphur Fuel (LSF) calculator
which tells the correct changeover time at which the system should be
running on LSF before entering an Emission Control Area (ECA). This system
requires some important factors –
 The sulfur content of high sulfur fuel currently in the system
 The sulfur content of low sulfur fuel
 The fuel capacities of the main engine system including settling tank,
service tank, main engine piping and transfer piping from the service
tank to the main engine
 The capacity of transfer equipment – Fuel oil transfer pump and fuel oil
separators.
 Record all the fuel tank levels when changeover starts (48 hours prior)
 Mention date, time and position in the oil record book (ORB) when the
changeover from high to low sulfur is carried out along with the quantity
of low sulfur oil in the settling and service tank
 Same can be recorded in the engine logbook

Q What is HFO and LSMDO ?

Heavy fuel oil, Low sulphur marine diesel oil.

Q What is NOx technical file ?

NOx Technical File is a record containing all details of parameters,
including components and settings of an engine, which may influence the
NOx emission of the engine.
So there is one NOx technical file for each engine for which an
EIAPP certificate is issued.

Q What is the criteria for the control of NOx gases as per MARPOL Annex VI,
(all Tiers)
Tier I – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2000 and before 01 Jan 2011
 Tier 2 – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2011 and before 01 Jan 2016
Tier 3 – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2016

Q What is IAPPC ?
International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate.
400 gross tonnage and above.
Q What are the contents of IAPPC ?

Q Controls from Emission from Ship ?

Ships constructed on/after 19 May 2005 Ozone depleting substances
prohibited but
HCFC not prohibited
Ships constructed on or after 1 January 2020 ,
Ship construction Remark
date s
Installation that contains
on/after 19 May 2005 Ozone depleting substances
prohibited but HCFC not prohibited
on or after 1 January 2020 Even HCFC prohibited
Each ship shall maintain a list of equipment containing ozone-depleting
substances and only land them to shore reception facilities.

Q What are the SOX req ?

Outside ECA 0.5% m/m after 2020, 3.5% m/m before 2020
Inside ECA 0.1% m/m after 2015 and
ECA for SOX is baltic sea, North America and port areas

Q VOC specification
A tanker carrying crude oil shall have on board and implement a VOC
management plan approved by the Administration.

Q Substance prohibited to incinerate.

 Annex I, II and III cargo residues of the present Convention and related
contaminated packing materials;
 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs);
 garbage, as defined in Annex V of the present Convention, containing
more than traces of heavy metals; and refined petroleum products
containing halogen compounds.
 Shipboard incineration of sewage sludge and sludge oil generated during
the normal operation of a ship may also take place in the main or
auxiliary power plant or boilers, but in those cases, shall not take place
inside ports, harbours and estuaries.
 (6) Shipboard incineration of polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs) shall be
prohibited, except in shipboard incinerators for which IMO Type Approval
Certificates have been issued.

Q What all certificates are required as per MARPOL Annex VI

IAPPC, EEDI, SEEMP, IEEC, EIAPP

Q What is SEEMP ?
A Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is a ship-specific plan to
improve the energy efficiency of a ship.
All ships 400 gross tonnage (GT) and above engaged in international voyages
must develop and keep on board a SEEMP
This includes : Hull cleaning to reduce drag, Low energy lighting systems,
 Speed optimization, Automated engine management systems, Voyage
planning and waste heat recovery systems
The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is an operational
mechanism to improve the energy efficiency of a ship in a cost-effective
manner.

Q What is EEDI ?
The EEDI allows ship designers and builders to choose the technologies
needed to ensure ships meet set energy efficiency levels, which increase
incrementally every five years.
Q What is EEXI ? What is CII ?
These technical (EEXI) and operational (CII) requirements were adopted in
June 2021 as a short-term measure under the Initial IMO GHG Strategy
framework for implementation before 1 January 2023.
Under the EEXI frame
Existing technologies available to comply with the Required EEXI are
engine/shaft power limitation, waste heat recovery, wind assisted
propulsion, etc.

CII is mandatory for ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above. The attained
annual operational CII has to be documented and verified against the
required annual operational CII.

The rating is given on a scale - operational carbon intensity rating A, B, C, D

or E - indicating a major superior, minor superior, moderate, minor inferior, or
inferior performance level. A ship rated D for 3 consecutive years or rated as
E, shall develop a "Plan of corrective actions"
Q

Q Name 5 Gases covered by MARPOL Annex VI ?

Sox, Nox, VOC, Halogen, HCFC,
 SOx, Nox, ODS, VOC

Q What is different between a special area and a PSSA ?

 BWM PLAN
Q What is BMW Convention?
International convention for controlling and management of ships’ ballast
water and
sediments.
Adopted 13 Feb 2014 and forced 8 Sept 2017

Q What is the aim of BWM ?

To prevent the harmful and evasive aquatic organisms from migrating from
one region
to another via the ship’s ballast water by establishing standards and
procedures for the management and control of ship’s ballast water and its
sediments.

Q BWM applies on which vessels ?

All ships including floating platform, floating crafts, submersible , FSUs and
FPSOs
Does not apply to Warships, auxiliary naval ships, vessel not designed to
carry ballast, vessels having permanent ballast or sealed tanks.

Q Documents of BWM ?
All vessel above 400 GRT are required to carry -
1 An approved ballast water management plan
2 A ballast water record book
3 Type approval certificate for ships fitted with ballast water treatment plant
4 An international ballast water management certificate or statement of
compliance.

Q 2 Standards of BMW ?
D1 and D2 standard
D1 - BW exchange standard
D2 – Performance standard – Specifies max amount of organisms allowed to
be discharged.

Ballast water performance standard D2 – Ships conducting ballast water

management must discharge: *
 less than 10 viable organisms per cubic meter which are greater than or
equal to 50 micrometers in minimum dimension;
 less than 10 viable organisms per milliliter which are between 10
micrometers and 50 micrometers in minimum dimension;
8 Sept 2017 – All existing ships –D1 standard and All New ships D2
standard By 2024 – All ships to be D2

Q D1 standard ?
Q D2 standard ?
Q Methods of BWE ?
• Sequential Method: A process by which a ballast tank is first emptied and
then refilled with replacement ballast water. Efficiency is to be of at least 95
% volumetric exchange.

• Flow-through Method: A process by which replacement ballast water is

pumped into a ballast tank, allowing water to flow through overflow or other
arrangements. At least three times the tank volume is to be pumped through
the tank.

• Dilution Method: A method by which replacement ballast water is filled

through the top of the ballast tank with simultaneous discharge from the
bottom at the same flow rate and maintaining a constant level in the tank
throughout the ballast exchange operation. At least three times the tank
volume is to be pumped through the tank.

What are the precautions to be taken while doing a BWEx ?

Q
 bridge visibility standards
 propeller immersion; and
 minimum draft forward.
 Shearing forces and bending moments are within a safe range.
 During ballast water exchange sequences there may be times when, for
a transitory period, the criteria for propeller immersion, minimum
draught or bridge visibility cannot be met. Emptying of certain tanks may
lead to major reduction of stability, higher stresses, high sloshing
pressures and increased probability of bow slamming.
 Assess the duration and timing of non-compliance.
 Evaluate the impact on navigational and maneuvering capabilities.
 Ensure the ship will be in open water, with low traffic density and an
enhanced navigational watch.
 CONVENTIONS AND
SHIT
Q What is IMO ?
International Maritime Organization established 1948 in Geneva and came
into force
1958, has a head office in London.
Specialize agency of UN for safety and security of ships and to prevent
marine
pollution from ships.
In other words, its role is to create a level playing-field so that ship operators
cannot address their financial issues by simply cutting corners and
compromising on safety, security and environmental performance. This
approach also encourages innovation and efficiency.

Q What is the purpose of IMO ?

To create a regulatory framework for shipping which is fair and effective,
universally
adopted and universally implemented
It makes sure that majority of convention are kept up to date
At present there are 50 conventions and numerous protocols and
amendments.

Q Who are the members of the IMO ?

 IMO currently has 176 Member States and three Associate Members.
 There are 66 intergovernmental organizations which have observer
status with IMO.
 There are 89 international non-governmental organizations in
consultative status with IMO.

Q What is the structure of IMO ?

Assembly Counci 5 main Committee
l
MSC – Maritime safety
Made of member
Elected by the assembly committee –
states that meets
COLREG, SAR, Nav
once in 2 year
Aids
MPEC – Maritime
environmental
Total 176 member protection committee
40 members
states and 3 pollution adoption,
associated states amendments,
convention and
other regulation
Approval of work The Council is elected by Legal committee
the Assembly for two-
year terms beginning
after each regular session
of the Assembly.

The Council is the

budget Technical committee
Executive Organ of IMO
and is responsible, under
the Assembly, for
 supervising the work of
the Organization.

 draft work Facilitation

Financial arrangement programme and committee –
budget estimates Eliminate
unnecessary
 receive reports
formalities.
and proposals of
the Committees
and other organs
and submit them
to the Assembly
and Member
States
 appoint the
Secretary-General,
subject to the
approval of the
Assembly

Q What are 4 basic pillars of IMO ? (Alternatively – What are the safety
conventions of
IMO)
1 STCW
2 MARPOL
3 SOLAS
4 MLC

Q What are the 5 instruments of IMO ?

1 Conventions
2 Protocols
3 Resolutions
4 Codes
5 Non Mandatory provisions such as guidelines.
Q What is a convention ?
A convention is formal agreement between states and is usually an
instrument negotiated under an international organization
Some example of conventions are STCW , MARPOL, SOLAS etc

Q What is a regulation ?
Regulations are technical provisions within a convention. They provide
specific rules and standards for various aspects of the industry

Q What is a Protocol ?
A protocol is closely related to an amendment. When a major change or
modification is needed in the regulations of an existing convention, a
protocol is established.

Q What is a Code ?
Codes provide detailed guidance on implementing the broader principles
outlined in conventions.
Can be compulsory or recommendatory, Can be a standalone code or a part
of convention.

Q What is an amendment ?
Changes that improves the context in the regulation of a convention.
Amendments are necessary to keep conventions up-to-date with evolving
technology and industry practices.

Q What is a resolution ?
Amendments made by council, committees and sub committees for a
convention
which are brought by resolutions by IMO.

Q What is Treaty ?
It is a written international agreement between two or more states and
bound by
international law.

Q How does a convention comes into existence ?

In 5 steps
1 Proposed – by contracting government
2 Reviewed – by IMO
3 Adopted – by IMO first
4 Finally accepted – by member states
5 Fixed – the time of acceptance and date

Q What does MEPC 786(12) stands for ?

MEPC – Name of the committee that passed this resolution
786 – The resolution number
12 – The session in which it was adopted.
Q Difference between a code and a convention.
 Codes can be made as a part of a convention or as a standalone code.

Q What are MS notices ? Who issues MS notices ? Latest MS notice ?

 Merchant shipping notices.
 Divided into 3: Merchant shipping notices, Marine guidance notices and
Marine information notices.
 UK MCA issues the MS notices and in India it is issued by DGS.

(MS Notices) provides mandatory requirements and guidelines for sea-going

vessels. These notices cover various aspects related to safety, operations,
and compliance.

Q What is Merchant Shipping Act ?

An Act to foster the development and ensure the efficient maintenance of an
Indian mercantile marine in a manner best suited to serve the national
interests and for the purpose of establishing a National Shipping Board to
provide for the [registration, certification, safety and security] of Indian ships
and generally to amend and consolidate the law relating to merchant
shipping. MSA came into force on 1958.

Q What is the AIM of the Merchant Shipping Act ?

Same as above

Q Merchant shipping Act applies on what all vessels ?

 (a) any vessel which is registered in India; or
 (b) any vessel which is required by this Act to be so registered; or
 (c) any other vessel which is owned wholly by persons :
1. Individuals who are citizens of India.
2. Associations or bodies of individuals incorporated under Indian law.
3. Companies or corporations registered in India.
4. Other entities specified in the Act.

 Shall so apply only while any such vessel is within India,including the
territorial waters thereof

Q Difference between MS notice and MS rules, give examples of both.

Q What are the latest MS notices ?

 11 of 2024 : Action against Recruitment & Placement Services (RPS)
agencies and seafarers for utilizing deceitful practices .
 9 of 2024: 2024 MARPOL Amendments Entry into Force 01-May-2024
 7 of 2024: Polar Code requirements for ships entering Arctic or Antarctic
waters, under the provisions of Chapter XIV of the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended
 6 of 2024 : The International Code of safety for ships using gases or
other low-flashpoint fuels (IGF Code) and its applicability
 4 of 2024: Implementation of Revised Performance Standards for GMDSS
Radiocommunication Equipment
 3 of 2024: Use of Electronic Record Books Under MARPOL

Q Who issues MS notices ?

 DG shipping

Q Name any 5 conventions

 SOLAS
 MARPOL
 BWM
 MLC
 UNCLOS
 STCW
 COLREGS
 FAL

Q One example of a code which is not mandatory

Code of Safety for Special Purpose Ships (2008 SPS Code)

Q What is FUND convention ?

International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for
Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
Adoption: 18 December 1971; Entry into force: 16 October 1978
 To provide additional compensation incase the CLC compensation isn’t
adequate enough.
 To give relief to shipowners in respect of the additional financial burden
imposed on them by the 1969 Civil Liability Convention.

Q What is FAL convention ?

Convention of facilitation of international maritime traffic, purpose is to
simplify the
documentation procedures prevent unnecessary delays in maritime traffic
and to aid co-operation between Governments.

 Uniformity in formalities and other procedures.

 Reduces the number of declarations which can be required by public
authorities.

Q What all documents are there in the FAL convention ?

General declaration
Maritime declaration
Cargo declaration
Ship-Shore declaration
 Crew effects
Crew list
Passenger list

Q What is SUA convention ?

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation, Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against
the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf

 Measures to prevent unlawful acts which threaten the safety of ships and
the security of their passengers and crew
 The Convention obliges Contracting Governments either to extradite or
prosecute alleged offenders.
 unlawful acts covered by the SUA Convention in Article 3 are the seizure
of ships by force; acts of violence against persons on board ships; and
the placing of devices on board a ship which are likely to destroy or
damage it.

Q Vessel in dry dock, anti fouling paint is being applied what will you do ?
Refer to International convention on control of harmful anti fouling system
on ships
 Wear appropriate PPE ( Crew shore and ship) goggles, full body coveralls,
covered shoes and chemical resistant gloves.
 Make sure the SDS is available.
 Post warning signs
 Reduce the Paint spill by setting up a controlled work area
 Collect and dispose old paints

Q What is OPA-90
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), was legislation intended to avoid oil
spills from vessels and facilities. It enforced removal of spilled oil and
assigned liability for the cost of cleanup and damages.

Q What is UNCLOS ?
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in 1982.
 It lays down laws governing the world’s seas and oceans and the
resources that are within them.
 Baseline : is the line (or curve) along the coast from which the seaward
limits of a state's territorial sea and certain other maritime zones of
jurisdiction are measured.
Q What is a classification society ?
Classification societies are organisations which develop and apply technical
standards for the design, construction and survey of ships and which carry
out surveys and inspections on board ships. Flag states can authorise
classification societies to act on their behalf to carry out statutory survey
and certification work of their ships.
The main services offered by the classification societies are
1 Classification of ships
2 Inspections of ship structure
3 Carry out compulsory certification
4 Check or inspect lifting gear
5 Check engineering system
6 Advisory service
7 Marine quality service
8 Database information
 Give some examples of classification society
Q
DNV-GL, NKK, ABS, IRS – Indian Registrar of Shipping

Q What is harmonized system of Survey ?

The Harmonised System of Survey and Certification (HSSC) standardises the
period of validity and the intervals between surveys for the main Convention
certificates
It came in force in 2000.
It covers SOLAS, MARPOL, ILL-66, IBC and IGC code.

Q What is initial Survey, Periodical survey and intermediate survey ?

Initial Survey – A complete inspection of all items relating to a particular
survey
before a ship is put into service.
Periodical Survey – Inspection of item relating to particular certificate and
confirming
that they are in satisfactory condition and fit for service.
Intermediate Survey – Inspection of item to be carried out along with 2nd
or 3rd
anniversary.

Q What are the list of certificates under HSSC ?

Statutory Certificates
Cargo Ship safety construction certificates
Cargo Safety equipment certificates
Cargo ship safety radio telephony certificates
Safety management certificate
Other Certificates
International Load line certificate
International Tonnage certificate
Minimum safe manning certificate
IOPP certificate
International certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in
bulk
International certificate of fitness for the carriage of Liquefied Gases in bulk

Q What is the difference between cargo ship safety certificate and cargo ship
safety
equipment certificate ?
In CSSC radio installations are broadly emphasized and condition of
structural
machinery and equipment also summerized
Whereas in CSSEC does not provide any survey information.

Q What is PSSA ?
It stands for particular sea sensitive Areas
PSSA is an area that needs special protection from IMO because of its
significance for
recognized ecological, socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may
be vulnerable to damage by International maritime activities
PSSAs are marked on the charts, IMO Site and WNM, PSSAs have their own
routeing measures and stringent rules for discharge of dumping waste, oil
discharge garbage,
incineration, sewage.
Some examples of PSSA are
The great Barrier Reef, Australia
 Malpelo Island, Colombia
The Wadden Sea, Denmark.
Paracas National Reserve, Peru
Canary Islands, Spain
The sea around Florida Keys, USA
Western European Waters

Q What is CAS ?
 Condition assessment scheme
 The Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) as a mandatory requirement
under the revised regulation 13G of Annex I to MARPOL 73/78 enter into
force on 1st September 2002.
 Category 1 oil tanker - Oil tanker of 20,000 tons deadweight and above
carrying crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil or lubricating oil as cargo, and
of 30,000 tons deadweight and above carrying oil other than the above.
 Category 2 of oil tanker - Oil tanker of 20,000 tons deadweight and
above carrying crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil or lubricating oil as
cargo, out of 30,000 tons deadweight and above carrying oil other than
the above
 Category 3 oil tanker - Oil tanker of 5,000 tons deadweight and above
but less than than specified as Category 1 and Category 2 oil tanker.

What are category 1,2 and 3 tankers ?

Q
 Category 1 : So-called pre-MARPOL single hull oil tankers, being crude oil
tankers of 20000 tons deadweight and above and oil product carriers of
30000 tons deadweight and above having no segregated ballast tanks in
protective locations (SBT / PL). These are the most vulnerable and oldest
tankers. Generally constructed before 1982.
 Category 2: corresponds to MARPOL single hull tankers, being of the
same size as category 1, but which are equipped with SBT / PL. Generally
constructed between 1982 and 1996.
 Category 3 : corresponds to single hull oil tankers below the size limits of
categories 1 and 2 but above 5000 tons deadweight. These smaller
tankers often operate in regional traffic.
 MFA
Q What is Medical scale ?
Medical scale is the medicines, medical equipment and supplies that a
vessel should
carry.

Q How Medical scale is decided ?

3 factors decide the medical scale ie what all a vessel should carry.
1 IMGS - LIST OF RECOMMENDED MEDICINES AND EQUIPMENT
2 Flag state requirements – refer to medical scale circular, here medicines,
equipment
and supplies depend upon the trade area and the voyage of the vessel.
3 MFAG – from Appendix 14, depends upon the cargo that a vessel is
carrying.

Q What is medical Chest ?

Medical chest is just a locker where the medicines are kept.

Q Who issues Medical Chest certificate ?

A pharmacist or trained medical professional

Q What is the validity of the Medical chest certificate ?

1 Year.

Q What is IMGS ? Who publishes it ? Latest edition of IMGS ? Is IMGS

mandatory ?
International medical guides for ships, The International Labour Organization
(ILO) Maritime Labour Convention 2006 stipulates that all ships shall carry a
medicine chest, medical equipment, and a medical guide.
Ensures that seafarers are given health protection and medical care as
comparable as possible to that which is generally available to workers
ashore, including prompt access to the necessary medicines, medical e
equipment and facilities for diagnosis and treatment and to medical
information and expertise.

Published by WHO
Latest edition - 3rd edition
Yes, under ILO convention it is compulsory.

Q How do you dispose expired medicines ?

 Collected together and placed inside a sealed box.
 Kept away from unauthorized access and outside the medical locker.
 Box must be clearly labelled stating expired medicines and the contents
and quantity in the box.
 Landed ashore to the supplier or an authorized entity.
 In cases where landing ashore is not possible, medicines maybe
incinerated and records maintained inside the medical register.
 The entire process from unpacking throughout the final destruction of
the controlled drug must be witnessed by at least two (2) persons and
documented in the Controlled Drugs Register.

Q What is Controlled Drugs ?

 Controlled (or “scheduled”) drugs are those that, in most countries, are
subject to
prescription requirements limiting their distribution and use, because of
their liability to be abused.

Q List any 5 controlled Drugs

The 5 controlled drugs are
1 Heroin
2 Morphine
 3 Opium
4 Codeine
5 Anabolic steroids

Q What is Morphine drug ? What are its usage onboard ?

Morphine is an opiate (i.e. extracted from the opium poppy) analgesic drug
that is
effective for severe pain.

Q What are Narcotics ?

"Controlled Drugs" or "Scheduled Drugs", are medicines that require safe
custody by the majority of governments worldwide. The definition of "safe
custody" differs from country to country, however, a common definition is
that they need to be locked up in a safe or cabinet or other locked receptacle.

Q How are expired controlled drugs disposed?

 Returned to the supplier where possible; or
 Sent to an approved shore side contractor for disposal.
 In cases where it is not possible to disposed expired medicines as stated
above, these may be incinerated at sea by exclusively authorized
personnel and records of same are to be maintained.

Q How do you take Radio Medical Advise ?

For Radio medical advice we can contact
1 WWS - Worldwide services OR
2 MRCC – Maritime rescue coordination center OR
3 TMAS – Telemedical advise services OR
We get details of 1,2,3 from ALRS VOL 1 or ITU list of coast station and
special
service stations.
4 Advise from nearby ship having doctor onboard
5 CIRM – International Radio Medical Center, Rome Italy - it is free of charge,
available
24 hours, we gets its information from ALRS Vol 1.

To use Inmarsat systems use code

32 – Medical Advise
38 – Medical Evacuation

Before contacting anyone above to take the radio medical advise -

1 Fill the form in Annex A of IMGS.
2 Keep a pen and paper ready
3 Keep the inventory of medicines ready.
4 Keep a recording device ready
5 If there is a language barrier use Interco(Prefer not to say this point of they
will cross
question you about the INTERCO.)

Q What is INTERCO ? (2022edition)

 The purpose of the INTERCO is to provide ways and means of communication
in situations related essentially to safety of navigation and persons,
especially when language difficulties arise. They use variety of equipments
such as flags, lights, R/Tphny, R/telegraphy etc
Q What is CIRM ?
CIRM – International Radio medical Center, Rome Italy - it gives free of
charge radio
medical advise, available 24 hours, we gets its information from ALRS Vol 1.

Q How do you treat burns ? (Minor)

 Cool the burn. Hold the area under cool running water for about 10
minutes. If this isn't possible or if the burn is on the face, apply a cool,
wet cloth until the pain eases.
 Remove rings or other tight items. Try to do this quickly and gently,
before the burned area swells.
 Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a clean bandage.
 If needed, take a nonprescription pain reliever, such as ibuprofen
 Encourage the patient to drink oral rehydration solution or hot sweet tea
 keep the patient warm: loss of skin makes the patient prone to
hypothermia;
 use sterile scissors to cut away loose, dead skin, including broken blisters

Q How do you treat burns ? (Major)

 Protect the burned person from further harm.
 Make certain that burned person is breathing. If needed, begin rescue
breathing if you know how.
 Immediately seek medical advice and evacuate if needed
 Cover the burn. Loosely cover the area with gauze or a clean cloth.
 Raise the burned area. Lift the wound above heart level if possible.
 Don't use cold water to cool the burn.
 Don't break blisters. Blisters help protect against infection. If a blister
does break, gently clean the area with water and apply an antibiotic
ointment.
 Don't try to remove clothing stuck in the burn.
 For pain relief in a patient with a large or deep burn give morphine,
starting with 15–20 mg intramuscularly, every three to four hours
 If the patient is awaiting evacuation, do nothing further except keep the
patient warm: take care to prevent blankets from sticking to the burns.
 If the patient is to remain on board, wash the burn gently with soap and
potable water
 use sterile scissors to cut away loose, dead skin, including broken
blisters;
 leave intact blisters alone
Q Types of fracture ?
 Closed (simple) fracture – the broken bone has not pierced the skin.
 Open (compound) fracture – the broken bone juts out through the skin,
or a wound leads to the fracture site. ...
 Greenstick fracture – a small, slender crack in the bone.

Q Types of Syringes ?

Q Give a few examples of medicines in Ship’s medical chest.

1 Aspirin - to reduce pain, fever, inflammation, heart attack.
2 Ibuprofen - to treat inflammation
3 Paracetamol - Simple" painkiller suitable for most mild to moderate pain.
4 Tramadol – Moderate pain
5 Morphine – Excessive pain

Q How do you order medicines ?

 Following Publications/Documents must be Referred to Order Medicines
Onboard:
1. International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS) IMGS & MFAG .
2. List of Recommended Medicines & Equipment can be found in
Chapter-33 (The Ships Medicine Chest) of IMGS.
3. If a Vessel is Carrying IMDG Cargo, MFAG must be referred

Q What are the requirements for Oxygen resuscitator ?

 The minimum volume of medical oxygen that ships must carry is outlined
in flag State medicine chest requirements and the absolute minimum is 2
cylinders of 2 litres at 200 bar, that is 800 litres, as recommended in the
International Medical Guide for Ships,

Q What is Hypothermia ? Treatment ?

 Hypothermia is a possibly dangerous drop in body temperature, usually
caused by long exposure to cold temperatures.( Rate of heat loss
exceeds the rate of heat production, body temperature falls and
hypothermia will result.)

 have their wet clothes replaced with dry clothes or blankets;

 check quickly for injuries;
 forbid the use of alcohol.
 To prevent further loss of heat from evaporation or exposure to the wind,
immediately wrap the survivor in blankets, keeping the body horizontal
with the head slightly lower than the rest of the body.
 A patient with mild hypothermia who is shivering will recover if further
 heat loss is prevented.
 A patient with moderate or severe hypothermia, especially if he is not
shivering,
requires external rewarming.
 If the survivor is not breathing:
● ensure that the airway is clear and start mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-
nose artificial respiration i immediately;
● continue basic life support for at least 30 minutes.

Q A crew member sick onboard, treatment ?

Q What is CPR ? When do you give CPR ? How do you give CPR ?
 Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the main component of basic life
support: it consists of artificial respiration and external cardiac
compression.
 NO breathing and or Heartbeat
 chest compression should always be performed in conjunction with
rescue breathing: ideally, one rescuer gives chest compression and a
second rescuer gives rescue breathing.
 Place the patient on a solid surface
 Kneel at the patient’s side
 Keep the index and middle fingers of together and with the middle finger
locate the bottom edge of the lowest rib nearest to you.
 Place your middle finger on this point and your index finger on the
sternum.
 lock together the fingers of both hands
 push down on the sternum so as to depress it by 4–5 cm.
 If you are the only rescuer, you should give 100 chest compressions per
minute (one to two compressions a second) with two very quick rescue
breaths after every 15 chest compressions
 Count compressions aloud.
 Don’t stop until : a physician tells you to; / the patient’s heart beat and
breathing have returned / you are too exhausted to continue.

Q A crew member collapses on deck, treatment ?

 RESPONDS TO SHAKE AND SHOUT – NO.
 ■ BREATHES – YES.
 ■ HEART BEATS – YES:
 ● put patient in recovery position (Figure 1.3)
 ● check for other life-threatening conditions.

 ■ RESPONDS TO SHAKE AND SHOUT – NO.

 ■ BREATHES – NO.
 ■ HEART BEATS – YES:
 ● clear airway
 ● apply rescue breathing.

 ■ RESPONDS TO SHAKE AND SHOUT – NO.

 ■ BREATHES – NO.
 ■ HEART BEATS – NO:
 ● apply cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Q In port, one crew member badly injured, Treatment ?

Q A crew member has a bleeding nose ? Treatment ?

Q A crew member has a bleeding arms ? Treatment ?

Put on gloves and eye protection, if possible.
■ Apply direct pressure to the wound with a dressing or piece of cloth or just
the palm
of your hand (Figure 1.14).
■ Maintain the pressure for 10 minutes,
■ If bleeding is from the arm or leg, elevating the limb above the level of the
heart will
slow the bleeding.
■ When the bleeding has stopped dress the wound.
■ Take the patient’s pulse and blood pressure with the patient lying down
and then
standing up.
■ If bleeding restarts, the blood clot has probably been displaced: reapply
pressure and
wait 10 minutes for more clot to form.
■ Clean up the blood, and dispose of all contaminated personal protective
equipment
in an appropriate container marked for bio-hazardous waste.
■ Seek medical advice
■ Remember that faintness can be due to pain and fear as well as to blood
loss.

Q A crew member has fallen from aloft ? Treatment ?

Q A crew member came out of pump room and starts feeling dizzy ? Treatment
?

Q Medicines you carry as per Indian regulations on Indian ships ?

Q What is normal body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate
?
Temperature -37℃ OR 98.6℉
Blood Pressure - 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg
Pulse Rate - 60 to 100 beats per minute
Breathing Rate -12 to 16 breaths per minute

Q How do you do suturing ?

First, stop the bleeding by applying pressure, If bleeding still persist put
some drops of
Adrenaline on a cotton and apply it on wound and it should stop the
bleeding.
Disinfect the skin in the vicinity of wound by rubbing Betadyn in a circular
fashion
inside out.
Apply local anesthesia Lidocaine drop by drop at vicinity of wound at various
spots.
 Use needle holder to hold the curved needle in thumb and ring finger, use
surgical
forceps to lift the flesh and use wrist twist method to do in and out style of
suturing.
In in and out method we put needle from in from right of wound then out
from wound,
then in from wound and out of flesh from the left side
To make a knot wrap the thread three loops on the needle holder then hold
the short
end of the thread and pull it towards you such that the three loops goes onto
the short end.
Cut the longer end of the thread and repeat the process.

Q What entries are made in Medical log book ?

 All entries must be in a chronological order and must include date, time ,
name of the person making the entry and name of the patient.
 Patient name and condition (injuries and illness)
 Medicines prescribed
 Expired medicines and their disposal
 Can have a list of medicines onboard attached to it.
 Deaths if any have occurred
 ISM CODE
Q What is ISM Code ?
The International Safety Management (ISM) Code:
The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide an international standard for the
safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.

Q When was ISM adopted & brought into force?

Adopted :1993
Came into force :1998

Q ISM code is mentioned in which chapter of SOLAS ?

Chapter IX – Management for the safe operation of ships

Q Since ISM code is a code is it optional ?

No, ISM code is mandatory as it is a part of SOLAS convention

Q What is Document of Compliance under ISM ?

A Document of Compliance shall be issued to every company which complies
with the
requirements of the International Safety Management Code.
It is issued by the administration
Vessels should carry a copy of DOC onboard.
Issued when a company demonstrates that a company SMS has been in
operation
since last 3 months.
Also SMS is being followed by atleast 1 ship of each type for atleast 3
months.
Records of internal audits are produced by company, ashore and onboard.

Q What is Safety Management Certificate ?

Safety Management Certificate shall be issued to every ship by the
Administration.
Safety Management Certificate verify that the company and its shipboard
management
operate in accordance with the approved safety management system.
Period decided by Administration by not more than 5 years.
Validity is Subject to annual audit by internal audit by the company and
intermediate/External audit carried out by flag state or RO)

Q What is the AIM of ISM ?

The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide an international standard for the
safe
management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.
Recognizing that no two shipping companies or shipowners are the same,
and that ships operate under a wide range of different conditions, the Code
is based on general principles and objectives, which include assessment of
all identified risks to one Company’s ships, personnel and the environment
and establishment of appropriate safeguards.
The Code is expressed in broad terms so that it can have a wide-spread
application. Clearly, different levels of management, whether shore-based or
at sea, will require
varying levels of knowledge and awareness of the items outlined.
Q Latest Edition of ISM ?
2018

Q Latest amendments of ISM ?

Q What are the Contents of ISM ?
1 General
2 Safety and Environmental protection Policy
3 Company responsibility and authority
4 Designated Persons
5 Masters responsibility and authority
6 Resources and personnel
7 Development of Plans and shipboard operations
8 Emergency Preparedness
9 Reports and analysis of non-comformities, accidents and hazards
occurrences
10 Maintenance of the ships and equipment
11 Documentation
12 Company Verification, review and evaluation
13 Certification , Verification and Control

Q What is Observation as per ISM ?

Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management
audit and
substantiated by objective evidence.

Q What is Non-conformity as per ISM ?

Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence
indicates the
non-fulfillment of a specified requirement.

Q What is Major non-conformity as per ISM ?

Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious
threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the
environment that requires immediate corrective action.

Q What is SMS ?
Safety management system means a structured and documented system
enabling
Company personnel to implement effectively the Company safety and
environmental protection policy.

Q What are the 6 functional requirement of “SMS” ?

Safety & Policy, Instruction for safe procedures, Level of Authority, Near
Misses,
1 A safety and environmental-protection policy;
2 Instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection
of the environment in compliance with relevant international and flag State
legislation;
3 Defined levels of authority and lines of communication between, and
amongst, shore and shipboard personnel;
4 Procedures for reporting accidents and non-conformity with the provisions of
this
 Code;
5 Procedures to prepare for and respond to emergency situations; and
6 Procedures for internal audits and management reviews.

Q Who is DPA as per ISM ?

To ensure the safe operation of each ship and to provide a link between
the Company and those on board, every Company, as appropriate, should
designate a person or persons ashore having direct access to the highest
level of management. The responsibility and authority of the designated
person or persons should include monitoring the safety and pollution
prevention aspects of the operation of each ship and ensuring that
adequate resources and shore-based support are applied, as
required.

Q How will you apply ISM onboard

 By following part A implementation of the ISM code step by step

Q What are the certificates under ISM ?

 DOC
 SMC

Q Duties of 3O as per ISM ?

 1) Familiarize himself with the procedures of safety management system
and comply with same.
 2) To keep a navigational watch at sea and at anchor as per Master’s
standing orders.
 3) To keep cargo, watch in port as per directions of Chief Officer and as
per applicable rules & regulations.
 4) To maintain all meteorological equipment and logs and ensure
dispatch of weather reports from vessel on regular basis.
 5) To maintain in good order all flags, signalling equipment, regulation
lights and shapes
 6) Conduct maintenance procedures for life saving and firefighting
equipment, cargo systems on board under direction of Chief Officer.
 7) Conduct inventory of LSA, FFA, cargo systems spares and stores
maintained on board as directed.
 8) Conduct procedures and tests to ensure functional reliability of critical
equipment and systems, as directed
 10) Carry out emergency duties as per emergency response procedures
and as directed by command and control.
 11) Compliance with applicable port, terminal, and dock safety
regulations.
 12) Assist Chief Officer in day-to-day work with regard to ship’s
operational routine duties and preparation of reports and returns as
required
 13) To comply with applicable rules of STCW Convention.
 14) To prepare handing over notes along with handing over report while
signing off the vessel.
 15) To acquaint himself and prepare for the rank above.
 16) Has the authority to identify and report non-conformities and near
misses/hazardous occurrences and as per procedures defined within this
Safety Management System

Q What all files should be maintained as per ISM ?

 Required classification, statutory and other trading certificates are
 readily available.
 Copy of DOC, SMC
 ISM manuals, company’s Safety and Environmental policy,

Q Define Authorized person, competent person and responsible person.

Authorized person – Means a person authorized by employer, master of
ship or a
responsible person to undertake a specific task or tasks and who possesses
to necessary technical knowledge and experience to undertake that task.
Competent person – Means a person belonging to a testing establishment
which is approved by chief inspector for the purpose of testing examination,
annealing and certification of lifting appliances, loose gear, wire rope and
includes person recognized
under similar regulation abroad eg testing, audits etc.
Responsible Person – Responsible person” means a person appointed by
the employer, the master of the ship, the owner of the gear or port
authorities, to be responsible for the performance of a specific duty or duties
and who has sufficient knowledge and experience and the requisite
authority for the proper performance of the duty or duties.
 ISPS CODE
Q What is ISPS Code ?
Internation
al Ship
and Port
facility
Security code

Q When did it come into force and due to which incident ?

2004, Due to 9/11 Attack,

Q It applied to which ships ?

Passengers Ships, Cargo ships >=500GRT , and mobile offshore drilling units
and the port facilities serving such ships.
safe

Q The objectives of ISPS code

Q Functional requirements of ISPS.

.

Q Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ship's arrival

Q What is SSP, PFSO, SSO, CSO, DOS ?

Q What is SSA ?
Q Certificates under ISPS
ISSC – International ship security certificate

Q How will you get the initial ISPS certificate ?

Q Equipment under ISPS

Q Security Levels

Q Who decides security level ?

In port the contracting government
At sea by flag state.
Q What will you do in Security level 1 ?
25% baggage search
Visitor and gangway log to be maintained
All visitor ID checked
Stores locked restricted areas and unattended spaces to be marked
Security seal to be kept
Security round.

Q What will you do on Security Level 2 ?

100% baggage search in addition
Preventing waterside access and rounds taken.
Additional personnel to patrol the decks are assigned
Restricting access to and from the vessel to one point.
Carrying out full or partial searches of the ship at intervals.

Q What will you do on Security Level 3 ?

Stop all the cargo, bunkering or any other operations.
Lift the gangway and deny access to anyone other than those responding to
the security incident
Prepare for a full search of the ship

Q Comes under which chapter of SOLAS

Chapter XI Part II

Q Duties of 3O as per ISPS ?

Q Shore person comes onboard during cargo operation, Action ?

Ask his business onboard
See his ID
Make his entry in the gangway log
Issue him an entry identity card
Escort him to the duty officer.
 STCW
Q What is STCW ?
International convention on the standards of training, certification and
watchkeeping for Seafarers

Q What are the latest amendments of MLC ?

STCW for Polar water
Rest hours changed from 70 to 77
AB -COP, Chief cook COC and ETO, COC

Q Contents of STCW ?
8 chapters
1 General Provisions
2 Master and deck department
3 Engine department
4 Radio communication and radio personnel
5 Special training requirement for personnel on certain types of ships
6 Emergency, Occupational safety, medical care and survival functions
7 Alternative certifiacation
8 Watchkeeping

Q 2nd mate watchkeeping as per which chapter of STCW ?

Q What are the rest hours as per STCW ?

10 hours min in 24 hours, 77 hours in 7 day while work rest hours in MLC
talks about
rest and work hours both.

Q What are the duties of 2M as per STCW ?

 Plan and conduct a passage
 Operate and apply information obtained from electronic navigation
systems;
 Operate radar, ARPA and ECDIS and apply radar information for
navigation and collision avoidance;
 Operate propulsion and steering systems to control heading and speed;
 Implement navigational watch routines and procedures;
 Implement the maneuvers required for rescue of persons overboard;
 Initiate action to be taken in the event of an imminent emergency
situation (e.g., fire, collision, stranding) and action in the immediate
aftermath of an emergency;
 Initiate action to be taken in event of malfunction or failure of major
items of equipment or plant (e.g., steering gear, power, navigation
systems);
 Conduct radiocommunications and visual and sound signalling in normal
and emergency situations; and
 Monitor and operate safety and alarm systems, including internal
 communications.

Q Can 2M give injections ?

Q What is difference between STCW 95 and 2010 ?

 During the late 1980s, it was clear that STCW-78 was not achieving its
aim of raising professional standards worldwide, and so IMO members
decided to amend it. This was done in the early 1990s, and the amended
convention was then called STCW-95
 Whereas the STCW-78 Convention focused almost entirely on knowledge,
the emphasis of STCW-95 has been shifted to practical skills and
competence underpinned by theoretical knowledge. The 2010
amendments continued to emphasize competence rather than sea
service or period of training.
 The 2010 Manila amendments was intended to include all agreed
changes since 1995, address new technology, inconsistencies,
interpretations and outdated provisions.
 MLC
Q What is MLC ?
 Maritime labour convention
 Is the 4th pillar of the IMO.
 The MLC, 2006 sets out seafarers’ rights to decent conditions of work
and helps to create conditions of fair competition for shipowners. It is
intended to be globally applicable, easily understandable, readily
updatable and uniformly enforced.

Q When it was adopted and when it came into force ?

 Adopted: 6 February 2006
 In force: 20 August 2013

Q What are the latest amendments of MLC ?

Q What are the contents of MLC ?
Divided into 4 layers
1 Articles
2 Regulations
3 Code A - Mandatory
4 Code B – Non- Mandatory

Q What are all the Titles of MLC ?

5 titles
1 Min requirement for a seafarer to work on a ship
2 Conditions of employment
3 Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
4 Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
5 Compliance and enforcement.

Q What all does MLC covers ?

Q What changed on ships after MLC 2006 ?

Q What are the work and rest hours as per MLC ?

(a) no more than 14 hours in any 24-hour period and 72 hours in any
sevenday period; if the basis chosen by the country is maximum hours of
work;
(b) at least ten hours in any 24-hour period; and 77 hours in any seven-day
period; if the basis chosen by the country is minimum hours of rest.

Hours of rest may be divided into no more than two periods, one of which
must be at
least six hours in length, and the interval between consecutive periods of
 rest must not exceed 14 hours.

Q What are the work hours as per ILO ?

Min rest hours shall not be less than 10 hours in 24 hours and 77 hours in 7
day.
Q Difference between MLC rest hours and STCW rest hours ?
STCW talks only about the rest hours but MLC talk about rest and work hours
both.

Q Duties of 3O as per MLC 2006 ?

Q Under the deck labour regulations, what is the power of the inspectors ?
An inspector may enter any dock or vessel, where dock workers are
employed with such assistance as he thinks fit.
He can inspect, examine any building, plant machinery, appliance or
equipment used in connection with the loading, unloading, movements or
storages cargoes.
He can examine any register or other document relating to the employment
of dock workers
He can take on the spot or otherwise the statements of any persons or hold
enquiries which may consider necessary.
The port authorities, the employers or dock workers and owner of machinery
or plant shall offered all reasonable facilities to the inspector for entry,
inspection, examination
or enquiry.
 Stability
Q How are draft marks marked on the vessel ?
They are provided on the 6 positions on a
ship
Forward P and S, Midship P & S and aft P &
S.
Each number is 10CM tall
Vertical spacings between two letters is
also
10cm tall
Whole number such as 7m,8m,9m,10, etc
are
marked with a M after the number
Only the even number are marked odd
number are not marked

Q How will you read draft marks ?

Always read below the level of the letter

8m 00cm 8m 20cm 8m 30cm 8m 35cm 9m 02cm

Q What is reserve buoyancy ?

Q What is the statical stability criteria for a tanker ?

 Initial GM not less than 0.15m
Max GM shall not be less than 0.20m
Max GZ to occur at heel > 30° bu tnot less than 25°
The area under the GZ curve not less than
0.055mrad upto 30° heel
0.090mrad upto 40° or angle of flooding whichever is less
0.030mrad between 30° and 40° or angle of flooding whichever is less.

Q What is the statical stability criteria for a vessel carrying timber deck
cargoes ?
Max GZ atleast 0.025m
Area under GZ curve shall not be less than 0.08 m.rad upto 40° heel or the
angle of
flooding whichever is less.
During departure and at all times during voyage the fluid GM should not be
less than
0.10m.

Q What is the statical stability criteria for a container vessel ?

Initial GM >= 0.15m
Max GZ 0.042m
Area under GZ curve up to the angle of flooding shall not be less than 0.029
Area under GZ curve in m.rad shall not be less than 0.009/c upto 30° hell
and not less than 0.016/c upto 40° heel or the angle of flooding of this angle
is less than 40°
The area under GZ curve in m.rad shall not be less than 0.006/c between
30° and 40° heel or the angle of flooding if this angle if less than 40°
The GZ in m is to be atleast 0.033/c or at an angle of heel >=30°

Q Vessel going from FW to SW what all of vessel will change ?

TPC, MCTC, Draft, LCB, LCF, KM, AB, KB, Trim, GM

Q How to do calculation for draft survey ?

There are 6 corrections for draft survey
1 Draft Correction
2 Hog and Sag Correction
3 1st trim correction
4 2nd trim correction
5 Heel correction
6 Density correction

Q Tell the formulae for all the draft corrections

1 Draft Correction
For trim by stern
 Forward correction = (trim*a)/(LBP-a-b)
Aft correction = (trim*b)/(LBP-a-b)
Mid-Ship correction =(trim*c)/(LBP-a-b)

2 Hog and Sag Correction

For Hog - Displacement will be more than actual displacement
For sag -Displacement will be less than actual displacement
Mean of Means = (F+A+6*M)/8

3 1st trim Correction

At Even keel, Zero trim, no hag or sag then HD ,MOM draft all other drafts
are same
So 1st trim correction will be same.
For trimmed vessel
1st trim correction = (((LBP/2)-LCF)*Trim*100*TPC) / LBP
Trim is -ve if vessel is down by head
Trim is +ve if vessel is down by stern

4 2nd trim Correction

2nd trim correction = 50*trim*trim*(MCTC1-MCTC2)/LBP
Always added to displacement.

5 Heel Correction
Heel correction = 6*(TPC1-TPC2)(Port MSD-Stbd MSD)
Always added to displacement

6 Density Correction
New displacement/old displacement = New density / Old density

Q What is VEF ?
Vessel experience factor
This is the average of ratio of ship’s figure and B/L figure for over 10 to 20
last voyages
If VEF is one or more vessel good, if VEF less than one then vessel bad.

Q What are the contents of the Stability booklet ?

General particulars
Plan showing cargo spaces, tanks and stores
Hydrostatic tables
Hydrostatic curves
 KN curves
Cross curves of stability particulars
Capacities and COG
Plimsoll mark details
Tonnage mark details
Dead weight scale
Inclining eperiment result
Trim tables

Q What is damage stability criteria ?

A damage stability criteria varies from ship to ship and the requirement for
the same is
given in SOLAS chapter II-1, It may be single compartment flooding, multi
compartment flooding, engine room flooding, etc.

Q What are the trim tables ?

Table showing the change in forward and aft drafts when 100t of cargo is
loaded or discharged from the particular frame space.

Q What changes from sea water to fresh water ?

WPA, BC, UWV, TPC, MCTC, AF, KMT, KML
 MISC
Q What is Green passport ?
The Green Passport is essentially an inventory of all the materials onboard a
ship that may be hazardous to people's health or the environment, and that
require careful handling or special awareness. The inventory accompanies
the ship throughout its operational life.
This document is delivered by the ship yard to the ship during the delivery
and it stays
on it until the vessel is scraped
When a vessel is scrapped or recycled this document is used as reference to
learn all
the hazardous materials used on ship.
The document has 3 main benefits
1 Enhanced safety onboard
2 Environment friendly ship recycling
3 Better hazard management

Q What is vessel response plan ?

 A vessel response plan (VRP) is a document that outlines what the vessel
will do in the case of an offshore spill. VRPs are required by the United
States Coast Guard for maritime operators that are carrying certain
quantities of chemicals and/or refined petroleum products.
 The VRP includes information about the vessel:
 (such as its name, country of registry, call sign, and more)
 contact information for the vessel’s owner or operator,
 a list of zones that the vessel intends to operate in,
 and the clear identification of the incident management team –
 the people or group who is to be notified in the event of a spill.
 Additionally, the VRP will contain information about the vessel’s chosen
insurance company.

Q You are on an Indian ship and the captain has asked you to pack the bag of
the
deceased, what all you will pack ?

Q What is scupper plan ? Why is it made and who makes it ?

Q How will you prepare your vessel for sanitation survey ?

Q Certificate related to sanitation ?

 An SSCC is issued when evidence of a public health risk, including
sources of infection and contamination, was detected on board and the
required control measures have been satisfactorily completed.
 SSCEC is issued when no evidence of a public health risk is found on
board and the competent authority is satisfied that the ship is free from
infection and contamination, including vectors and reservoirs. This
certificate is usually issued, as far as practicable, only if the inspection
has been performed when the ship and the holds are empty, or when the
holds contain only ballast or other material of similar nature and a
 thorough inspection of the holds is possible.
 SSCECs and SSCCs are valid for a maximum of six months. This period
may be extended by one month if the inspection or control measures
required cannot be accomplished at the port.

Q What is Docking plan ?

 A plan used by the head of a dry dock to determine the blocking required
for a vessel prior to entering the dock.

Q How would you take over a watch ? (Mention initial deck rounds, Do say I will
read the
master and CO standing orders )

Q How you will locate your cabin on ship ?

From general arrangement
Q CONVENTION ADOPTED ENFORCED
International Convention for the Safety of 1 November 25 May 1980
Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, 1974

International Convention for the Prevention 1973 2 October 1983

of Pollution from Ships, 1973 Protocol: 1978,
1997
International Convention on Standards of 28 April 1984
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for 7 July 1978
Seafarers (STCW)
MARITIME LABOUR CONVENTION(MLC) 23 February 20 August 2013
2006.

Convention on Facilitation of International 9 April 1965 5 March 1967

Maritime Traffic (FAL), 1965

International Convention on Load Lines (LL), 5 April 1966 21 July 1968

1966

International Convention for Safe Containers 2 December 6 September

(CSC), 1972 1972 1977

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful 10 March 1988 1 March 1992

Acts Against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation (SUA), 1988 (and its 2005
Protocol)
International Convention Relating to 29 November 6 May 1975
Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil 1969
Pollution Casualties (INTERVENTION), 1969
International Convention for the Control and 13 February 8 September
Management of Ships' Ballast Water and 2004 2017
Sediments, 2004
International Convention on Civil Liability for 29 November Entry into force:
Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969 1969 19 June 1975,
 Being replaced 30 May 1996
by 1992
Protocol:
Adoption: 27
November
1992;
International Convention on the
Establishment of an International Fund for November 30 May 1996
Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 1992
(FUND 1992)
Nairobi International Convention on the 18 May, 2007 14 April 2015
Removal of Wrecks, 2007

Q What are the different codes and when were they adopted ?
Code Edition

(Consolidated Edition, 2020)

SOLAS

(3rd Edition)
International Medical Guide for Ships

(2003 Edition)
ISPS Code

(2018 Edition)
ISM Code

(2015 Edition)
FSS Code

ISPS Code, 2003 Edition

Polar Code, 2016 Edition

IMDG Code, 2022 Edition (inc. Amdt 41-22) 2022 Edition

IMDG Code Supplement,

International Grain Code, 1991 Edition

IMSBC Code and Supplement, 2023 Edition

2011 ESP Code, 2020 Edition

BLU Code including BLU Manual, 2011 Edition

2011 Timber Deck Cargoes (TDC), 2012 Edition

 Safe Containers Convention (CSC), 2014 Edition

Cargo Stowage & Securing (CSS) Code, 2021 Edition

MARPOL Consolidated Edition, 2022

BWM Convention & BWMS Code with 2018

Guidelines,

Control & Management of Ships' Biofouling, 2024 Edition

BCH Code, 2008 Edition

Gas Carrier Code, 1983 Edition

2009 MODU (Mobile offshore drilling unit) 2020 Edition

Code,

Q What are the latest amendments Convention or code wise

 SOLAS :
1. amendments to complete the work on modernization of the GMDSS
and to enable the future use of modern communication systems in
the GMDSS whilst removing obsolete requirements.
2. concerning the addition of a footnote to Forms C, E and P in the
Records of Equipment.
3. Amendments to chapter II-1 of the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), related to towing and mooring.
4. Amendments related to watertight integrity requirements.
5. requiring water level detectors on multiple hold cargo ships other
than bulk carriers and tankers.
6. Remove the applicability of the requirements to launch free-fall
lifeboats to test their strength with the ship making headway at
speeds up to 5 knots in calm water on cargo ships of 20,000 GT and
above.
7. amendments to, intended to prevent the supply of oil fuel not
complying SOLAS flashpoint requirements (60°C), enhancing the
safety of ships using oil fuel. Ships carrying oil fuel shall prior to
bunkering be provided with a declaration signed and certified by the
fuel oil supplier's representative that the oil fuel supplied is in
conformity with regulation SOLAS II.2/4.2.1 and with the test method
used for determining the flashpoint.
 FSS CODE :

1. Amendments to chapter 15 of the International Code for Fire Safety

Systems (FSS Code), relating to inert gas systems.

2. Chapter 9 of the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS

 Code), relating to fault isolation requirements for individually
identifiable fire detector systems installed, in lieu of section
identifiable fire detector systems on cargo ships and passenger ship
cabin balconies.

 LSA CODE:

1. Amendments to chapters IV and VI of the International Life-Saving

Appliance Code (LSA Code), relating to general requirements for
lifeboats and launching and embarkation appliances.

2. A totally enclosed lifeboat shall be provided with means to achieve a

ventilation rate of at least 5 m3/h per person for the number of persons
which the lifeboat is permitted to accommodate and for a period of not
less than 24 hours. The ventilation means shall be operable from inside
the lifeboat and shall be arranged to ensure that the lifeboat is
ventilated without stratification or formation of unventilated pockets.

 IGC CODE:

1. Amendments to the International Code for the Construction and

Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code),
related to welding procedure tests for cargo tanks and process
pressure vessels.

2. Amendments to Chapter 2 Ship Survival Capability and Location of

Cargo Tanks relating to the watertight doors.
 LOADLINE:

1. A minor amendment to chapter II (Conditions of assignment of

freeboard), as well as amendments to chapter III (Freeboards) of
annex I (Regulations for determining load lines) of Annex B to the
1988 Load Lines Protocol, concerning watertight doors on cargo ships,
and

2. associated amendments concerning watertight doors on cargo ships

to chapter 2 (Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks) of
the International Code of the Construction and Equipment of Ships
Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code).
 IMDG:

1. Updates to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code,

in line with the updates to the United Nations Recommendations on
the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which set the recommendations
for all transport modes.
2. New definition for “pressure receptacle shell” in 1.2.1 of the IMDG
Code;
3. The addition of a telephone number to the Lithium battery mark;
4. A new chapter regarding ‘Portable tanks with shells made of fibre-
reinforced plastics (FRP) materials;
5. Deletion of ‘special stowage’ from note 1 in 7.2.7.1.4 as it is no longer
applicable.
6. A revised consolidated version of the EmS Guide was approved
 FAL:

1. Amendments to the Facilitation (FAL) Convention which will make the

single window for data exchange mandatory in ports around the
 world, amendments to the annex of the Convention will make it
mandatory for public authorities to establish, maintain and use single
window (SW) systems for the electronic exchange of information
required on arrival, stay and departure of ships in ports.

2. new and amended Recommended Practices to prevent corruption and

illicit activities in the maritime sector.

3. public authorities are required to allow ships and ports to remain fully
operational during a public health emergency of international concern
(PHEIC), in order to maintain complete functionality of global supply
chains to the greatest extent possible. Public authorities are also
required to designate port workers and ships' crew as key workers (or
equivalent), regardless of their nationality or the flag of their ship,
when in their territory.

 MARPOL:

1. MARPOL Annex I in relation to watertight doors.

2. Protecting seas in the Arctic - regional arrangements for port

reception facilities - amendments to the MARPOL annexes to allow
States with ports in the Arctic region to enter into regional
arrangements for port reception facilities. The amendments relate to
MARPOL Annexes I (oil), II (noxious liquid substances), IV (sewage), V
(garbage) and VI (air pollution).

3. Entry into effect of amendments to MARPOL Annex I (addition of a

new regulation 43A) to introduce a prohibition on the use and
carriage for use as fuel of heavy fuel oil (HFO) by ships in Arctic
waters on and after 1 July 2024. Ships engaged in securing the safety
of ships, or in search and rescue operations, and ships dedicated to
oil spill preparedness and response would be exempted

4. Mandatory garbage record books for smaller ships - amendments to

MARPOL Annex V to make the Garbage Record Book mandatory also
for ships of 100 gross tonnage and above and less than 400 gross
tonnage. This extends the requirement for mandatory garbage record
books to smaller ships, which will be required to keep records of their
garbage handling operations, namely discharges to a reception
facility ashore or to other ships, garbage incineration, permitted
discharges of garbage into the sea, and accidental or other
exceptional discharged or loss of garbage into the sea.

5. EEXI, CII and rating values - amendments to appendix IX of MARPOL

Annex VI on the reporting of mandatory values related to the
implementation of the IMO short-term GHG reduction measure,
including attained EEXI, CII and rating values to the IMO Ship Fuel Oil
Consumption Database (IMO DCS).

6. Fuel flashpoint in bunker delivery note - amendments to appendix V

of MARPOL Annex VI, to include flashpoint of fuel oil or a statement
that the flashpoint has been measured at or above 70ºC as
mandatory information in the bunker delivery note (BDN).

7. MARPOL Annex VI amendment enters into effect - designation

 of Mediterranean Sea, as a whole, as an Emission Control Area
for Sulphur Oxides and Particular Matter, under MARPOL Annex VI.
 IBC CODE:

1. Amendments to International Code for the Construction and

Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)
related to watertight doors.
 ESP:

1. amendments to the International Code on the Enhanced Programme

of Inspections during Surveys of Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, 2011
(2011 ESP Code) include those addressing inconsistencies on
examination of ballast tanks at annual surveys for bulk carriers and
oil tankers the following requirement contained in the condition
evaluation report.

 MLC: (2022 Amendments)

1. Free drinking water of good quality is available for seafarers.

2. Seafarers have appropriately sized personal protective equipment, in
particular to suit the increasing number of female seafarers.
3. States shall further facilitate the repatriation of abandoned seafarers.
4. States shall provide medical care to seafarers in need of immediate
assistance and, when required, facilitate the speedy repatriation of the
deceased.
5. Shipowners provide seafarers with appropriate social connectivity, and
States provide internet access in their ports.
6. All deaths of seafarers are recorded and reported annually to the ILO
and the relevant data is published.
7. Seafarers are informed of their rights regarding the obligation of
recruitment and placement services to compensate seafarers for any
monetary loss.

 ISGOTT: (2022 Amendments)

1. Enclosed space entry.

2. Human factors.
3. Safety Management Systems (SMSs), including complementary tools
and processes such as permits to work, risk assessment, Lock-out/Tag-
out (LO/TO), Stop Work Authority (SWA) and their linkage to the
underlying principles of the International Safety Management (ISM)
Code.
4. Marine terminal administration and the critical importance of the
tanker/terminal interface.
5. Alternative and emerging technologies.
6. Bunkering operations, including the use of alternative fuels such as
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
7. Cargo inspectors.
8. Alignment with OCIMF’s recently revised Mooring Equipment
Guidelines.
9. Maritime security and linkage to both (ISPS) Code and (BMP5).
 IMSBC:

1. A revised definition of Group A to include dynamic separation as well

as liquefaction. The revised definition reads – “Group A consists of
cargoes which possesses a hazard due moisture that may result in
liquefaction or dynamic separation if shipped at a moisture content in
excess of their transportable moisture limit.”
 2. New definition for Dynamic separation is included and reads -
"Dynamic separation means the phenomenon of forming a liquid
slurry (water and fine solids) above the solid material, resulting in a
free surface effect which may significantly affect the ship's stability."

3. Revisions to various existing individual schedules for solid bulk

cargoes.

4. Reclassification of Ammonium Nitrate based fertilizer (non-hazardous)

and new individual schedules and clarification of the term
‘intrinsically safe’ for the same.
 BWM:

1. amendments to regulations A-1 and D-3 of the BWM Convention to

make the BWMS Code mandatory.

2. amendments to appendix I of the BWM Convention, concerning the

form of the International Ballast Water Management Certificate.

3. Adopted an MEPC resolution on Guidance for the use of electronic

record books under the BWM Convention.

4. Approved a Protocol for verification of ballast water compliance

monitoring devices.

 MS notices :

11 of 2024 Action against Recruitment & Placement Services (RPS)

agencies and seafarers for utilizing deceitful practices

10 of 2024 Addendum - 1 to the MS notice no 08 of 2023 -

Amendment to the procedure for approval of Medical Examiner of
Seafarers as per rule 4 of MS Medical Examination Rules 2000

9 of 2024 2024 MARPOL Amendments Entry into Force 01-

May-2024

8 of 2024 Promulgation of Strategy Document on Implementation

of Mandatory Instruments under III(IMO Instruments Implementation
Code) Code

7 of 2024 Polar Code requirements for ships entering Arctic

or Antarctic waters, under the provisions of Chapter XIV of the SOLAS
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended

6 of 2024 The International Code of safety for ships using gases or

other low-flashpoint fuels (IGF Code) and its applicability
Q What is a letter of protest and when is it issued ?
 Letter of protest is issued by the master of a Vessel as a written
document of records used to bring the attention of a 3 rd party in case
there is any discrepancies within operations such as Cargo handling
methods, Quantities of cargo, Condition of cargo/damage, Delays caused
etc.