S. B.

POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PROJECT REPORT ON
ANDROID BASED ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE
CONTROL

FOR

DIPLOMA 5th SEMESTER

 A PROJECT REPORT ON

“ANDROID BASED ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE

CONTROL”

SUBMITTED BY: -

PARMAR NAYANSINH (226660309011)

GOHIL JIGAR (226660309005)

PARMAR ARUN (226660309010)

VASAVA TARUN (226660309029)

In fulfilment for the award of the degree

OF

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 S. B. POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

S. B. POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “ANDROID BASED

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CONTROL” is work done by MR.
NAYANSINH PARMAR, MR. ARUN PARMAR, MR. JIGAR
GOHIL, MR. TARUN VASAVA submitted in partial 0066ulfilment
for the award “DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING”
in Electrical Department from S.B. POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI
College of Engineering affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Gujarat.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

MR. K.P. MEHTA MR. AMIT PRAJAPATI
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to MR. K.P.

MEHTA who is our project guide for his constant guidance in the
implementations of this project.

We must particularly thanks him for commitment and unrelenting

effort to seeus do all the assignments appertaining to this project
and finally we can say we had done.

We would also like to thanks the Head of Electrical Engineering

Department MR. AMIT PRAJAPATI, and all the staff members
and our colleagues for their cooperation and support during the
collection of materials and also during ourproject

“ANDROID BASED ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CONTROL”

and it is reporting work, without their contribution it was not
possible for us to complete our project work.

Thank you all.

 ABSTRACT

Now a days, the technology has in a grown at high speed. Smart home systems
achieved great popularity in the last decades as they increase the comfort and
quality of life. This report proposes the design of ANDROID based home
automation system using Bluetooth Application.

This research work presents the design and implementation of ANDROID based
system. This is Bluetooth based system and uses wireless technology.

The system has three components: A micro controller (ARDUINO NANO), a

Bluetooth module for signal transfer and smartphone for controlling web page
server. The design is based on standalone Arduino board and appliances are
connected to this board using relays, the smart phone interacts with the Arduino
via application.

To demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this system, in this paper we

present. To demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this system, in this
paper we present a home appliances control using Bluetooth system using
Arduino nano as a connectivity module. It helps the user to control various
appliances such as light, fan, TV and can take decision based on the feedback of
sensors remotely. We have tested our system through conducted experiment on
various environmental conditions.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT 3
1.2 WHY WE SELECTED THIS PROJECT 4
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE 6
1.4 FEATURES 6
1.5 ADVANTAGES 6
1.6 DISADVANTAGES 7
2.0 DESIGN 8
2.1 ANALYSIS 9
2.2 COMPONENTS 9
2.2.1 Resistor 9
2.2.2 Capacitor 10
2.2.3 LED (Light-Emitting Diode) 11
2.2.4 Diode 12
2.2.5 NPN Transistor 14
2.2.6 Transformer 16
2.2.7 bridge rectifier 17
2.2.8 Voltage regulator 7805 19
2.2.9 ARDUINO NANO 21
2.2.10 Bluetooth module 23
2.2.11 Relay module 24
2.2.12 Wires 25
2.2.13 Lamp Holder 27
2.2.14 Socket (5A, 15A) 28
2.2.15 Zero PCB 29
2.4 CIRCUIT 30
3.0 WORKING 32
3.1 Software 33
4.0 CONCLUSION 35
5.0 FUTURE SCOPE 37
6.0 BOBLIOGRAPHY 39
6.1 Websites 40
6.2 Books 40
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

Table 1 Maximum Rating of BC547 15
Table 2 7805 IC Pin Details 20
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

Figure: 1 The Smart Home Environment 3
Figure: 2 Appliances Control by Mobile 4
Figure: 3 Resistor 10
Figure: 4 Capacitor 11
Figure: 5 LED 12
Figure: 6 Diode 13
Figure: 7 BC547 14
Figure: 8 Representation of Windings in Step Down 16
Transformer
Figure: 9 Bridge Rectifier 17
Figure: 10 Rectifier Cycles 18
Figure: 11 7805 ic 19
Figure: 12 ARDUINO NANO 21
Figure: 13 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 23
Figure: 14 Relay Module 24
Figure: 15 Ribbon Wire Cable 26
Figure: 16 Jumper Wire 26
Figure: 17 Lamp Holder 27
Figure: 18 Socket 28
Figure: 19 Zero PCB 29
Figure: 20 Circuit dia. 30
Figure: 21 Application 34
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CHAPTER – 01
INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION

We are living in 21st century where automation of any form i.e., home
or industrial plays an important role in human life. When it comes to
industrial automation, the concept is applied to large machines or
robots which helps in increasing the efficiency in terms of production,
energy and time.

Home automation on the other hand involves automating the household

environment. This is possible because of the smartphones and internet
that we are widely using. Home automation can be again divided in to
just controlling the appliances using a smartphone from a remote
location and another type filled with sensors and actuators which
controls the lighting, temperature, door locks, electronic gadgets,
electrical appliances etc. using a “Smart” system.

The mobile phones are very common and using mobile device as the
key for controlling the home appliances will enhance the affordability
and simplicity. Mobile phones with android based operating system are
regarded as smart phone this group study on controlling devices using
android app and presented a possible application of GSMB Bluetooth
based home computerization framework which is minimal effort,
secure, pervasively available and remotely controlled.

They successfully designed, implemented and simulated an IoT based

Home Automation System (HMS) enabling full control of all the loads
in the system from anywhere in the world, via a public web application,

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with an internet connection. Home Automation gives us access to

control devices in our homes from a mobile device anywhere on Planet
Earth.

Figure: 1 The Smart Home Environment

1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

Whenever we talk about smart homes, what’s the first thing that
strikes your mind, a fully remote-controlled home that works
according to your will and is controlled with just a simple click or
voice command.

That is exactly what sums up the smart home as it can be referred to

as a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable the
remote monitoring and management of appliances and systems like

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lighting and heating.

With smart home automation, devices can trigger one another so you
don’t have to control them manually or application. Like for example,
you can put your lights on scheduled times so that they turn off when
you normally go to sleep, or you can have your A/C up about an hour
before you return to work so you don’t have to return to a cramped
and airless house.

Figure: 2 Appliances Control by Mobile

1.2 WHY WE SELECTED THIS PROJECT

With smart home devices, you can remotely monitor your home
appliances and ensure that all devices are safely switched off. One of
the biggest advantages of home automation is that it keeps your abode
safe, and prevents accidental fires, water leaks, gas leaks, and other
disasters.

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Save Time and Cut Down on Your Energy Bills

With smart home devices, you can reduce your household tasks
significantly. Not having to rush to the door every time someone rings
the front doorbell. See who is at the front door on your Smartphone and
unlock the door remotely or issue instructions via your Smartphone.
This is just an example of the several time-saving features of smart
home devices. Simply put, a smart home system can help you increase
productivity and reduce the average time you spend on household tasks.
Smart homes also help you in saving money. Your energy bills are
reduced as you can remotely turn off devices, that you aren’t using.
This is a huge convenience, and you have complete control of
household appliances and devices, without any extra effort.

Smart home devices are no longer a luxury, but a necessity. Installing

smart home devices not only offers you peace of mind, knowing that
your home is safe and secure but also provides you added time to spend
with your loved ones, instead of laboring over regular household tasks.
Are you ready to step in the homes of the future? Explore our range of
smart home devices and turn your home future-ready.

Keep Your Home Secure

One of the main components of smart home devices is smart door locks.
How often have you rushed for work in the morning, only to remember
an hour later that you forgot to lock the front door? Now, put an end to
all confusions. As the automated door locks shut behind every time you
or a family member leaves the place.

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1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The purpose of a home automation system is to streamline how your

home functions. Consider some of these benefits: Remote access:
Control your home from mobile devices, including your laptop, tablet,
or smartphone. Comfort: Use home automation to make your home a
more comfortable, liveable space.

The main objective of home automation and security is to help

handicapped and aged people that will enable them to control home
appliances and alert them in critical situations.

1.4 FEATURES

• Remote Access
• Expandability
• Upgradeability
• Variety of User Interfaces
• Time-Tested
• Energy Management
• Layers of Protection
1.5 ADVANTAGES

• Easy control and Monitoring.

• Save Energy with Smart Energy Consumption.
• Customize as Per Your Convenience.
• Less maintenance.

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• Ease of Using smart home technology.

• Control Multiple devices – 1 Platform.
• Old people can easily control devices.
• the system very comfortable Provides facilities.

1.6 DISADVANTAGES

• Significant installation costs

• Security issues

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CHAPTER – 02
DESIGN

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2. DESIGN

2.1 ANALYSIS

The home automation market holds high potential in the residential

sector. The current business scenario experiences rapid development in
smart appliances and devices leading to the readiness to adopt this
home automation technology, particularly in the urban areas such as
Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune, Gurugram, and Noida. Competitors in this
industry adopt various innovative techniques to provide customers with
advanced and innovative features. For instance, NSC launched new
facial recognition touch panels, video doorbell with built-in analytics
at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January 2019.

Integration of home automation solution with smart devices are some

of the major drivers for this market. However, high cost and lack of
standardization of systems and devices impede the growth of this
market. Factors such as technological innovations, favourable
government policies, and urban renewal and planning programs by the
government of India, are expected to create lucrative opportunities for
the key players operating in the India home automation market.

2.2 COMPONENTS
2.2.1 Resistor

A resistor is a passive electrical component with the primary function

to limit the flow of electric current.

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In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits they can be

found. The resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). An ohm is the
resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere (A) passes through
a resistor with a one volt (V) drop across its terminals. The current is
proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends. This ratio is
represented by Ohm’s law.

R=V/I

Resistors are used for many purposes. A few examples include limiting
electric current, voltage division, heat generation, matching and
loading circuits, gain control, and setting time constants.

Figure: 3 Resistor

2.2.2 Capacitor

A capacitor is an electrical component that stores potential energy.

Capacitors hold positive and negative energy on two separate plates
separated by an insulator.

A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that possesses the ability

to store energy in the form of an electric charge. It consists of two
electrical conductors that are separated by a distance. The space
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between the conductors may be filled by vacuum or with an insulating

material known as a dielectric.

Figure: 4 Capacitor

A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that possesses the ability

to store energy in the form of an electric charge. It consists of two
electrical conductors that are separated by a distance. The space
between the conductors may be filled by vacuum or with an insulating
material known as a dielectric.

2.2.3 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits

light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.

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The colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is

determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap
of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple
semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.

Figure: 5 LED

In the simplest terms, a light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor

device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it.
Light is produced when the particles that carry the current (known as
electrons and holes) combine together within the semiconductor
material.
2.2.4 Diode

A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way

switch for current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but
severely restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.

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1N4007

The 1N4007 diode can be used as a freewheeling diode. The main

function of a freewheeling diode is to freewheel the energy stored
within the inductor by giving a short circuit lane. This is essential
otherwise an unexpected decay within circuit current will increase the
voltage across the diode & switch contacts.

Figure: 6 Diode

Advantages
• Fast switching for high efficiency
• High current capability
• High surge current capability
• Low reverse current
• Low forward voltage drop

Applications
• General-purpose rectification of power supplies
• Inverters

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• Converters
• Freewheeling diodes

2.2.5 NPN Transistor

BC547 transistor has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines
the amplification capacity of the transistor. The maximum amount of
current that could flow through the Collector pin is 100mA, hence we
cannot connect loads that consume more than 100mA using this
transistor. To bias a transistor, we have to supply current to base pin,
this current (IB) should be limited to 5mA.

Figure: 7 BC547

A Transistors acts as an Amplifier when operating in Active Region. It

can amplify power, voltage and current at different configurations.

Some of the configurations used in amplifier circuits are

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1. Common emitter amplifier

2. Common collector amplifier
3. Common base amplifier

of the above types common emitter type is the popular and mostly used
configuration. When uses as an Amplifier the DC current gain of the
Transistor can be calculated by using the below formulae

Applications

• Driver Modules like Relay Driver, LED driver etc.

• Amplifier modules like Audio amplifiers, signal Amplifier etc.

Maximum Rating

Rating Symbol BC 547 Unit

Collector–Emitter Voltage VCEO 45 Vdc
Collector–Base Voltage VCBO 50 Vdc
Emitter–Base Voltage VEBO 6.0 Vdc
Collector Current — IC 100 mAdc
Continuous
Total Device Dissipation @ PD 625 mW
TA = 25°C Derate above
5.0 mW/°C
25°C
Total Device Dissipation @ PD 1.5 Watt
TC = 25°C Derate above
12 mW/°C
25°C

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Operating and Storage TJ, Tstg -55 to +150 °C

Junction Temperature Range

Table 1: Maximum Rating of BC547

2.2.6 Transformer

Step Down Transformer reduces voltage and hence used in almost all
household electrical appliances. Our present day electronics is heavily
dependent on it. A Step Down Transformer is a device which converts
high primary voltage to a low secondary voltage. In a Step Down
Transformer, the primary winding of a coil has more turns than the
secondary winding.

Figure: 8 Symbol and Physical View of Single Phase Step

Down Transformer

Working Principle of Step-Down Transformer

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Transformer work on the principle of “Faraday’s law of

electromagnetic induction”. Mutual induction between the windings is
responsible for transmission action in a transformer.

Faraday’s law states that “when the magnetic flux linking a circuit
changes, an electromotive force is induced in the circuit proportional to
the rate of change of the flux linkage”.

The emf (Electro Motive Force) induced between the two windings is
determined by the number of turns in primary and secondary winding
respectively.

2.2.7 Bridge Rectifier

Power Diodes can be connected together to form a full wave rectifier

that convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage for use in power
supplies.

Figure: Bridg9e Rectifier

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Another type of circuit that produces the same output waveform as the
full wave rectifier circuit above, is that of the Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier. This type of single phase rectifier uses four individual
rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop “bridge” configuration to
produce the desired output.

The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a
special centre tapped transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost.
The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode
bridge network and the load to the other side as shown below.

The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with

only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. During the
positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series
while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows
through the load as shown below.

Positive Half-Cycle Negative Half-Cycle

Figure: 1 0Rectifier Cycles

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During the negative half cycle of the supply diodes D3 and D4 conduct
in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now reverse
biased. The current flowing through the load is the same direction as
before.

2.2.8 Voltage Regulator 7805

Voltage sources in a circuit may have fluctuations resulting in not

providing fixed voltage outputs. A voltage regulator IC maintains the
output voltage at a constant value. 7805 Voltage Regulator, a member
of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulators used to maintain such
fluctuations, is a popular voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC). The
xx in 78xx indicates the output voltage it provides. 7805 IC provides
+5 volts regulated power supply with provisions to add a heat sink.

Figure: 11 7805 IC

7805 IC Rating

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• Input voltage range 7V- 35V

• Current rating Ic = 1A
• Output voltage range VMax=5.2V, VMin=4.8V

Pin Details Of 7805 IC

Pin No. Pin Function Description

1 INPUT Input voltage In this pin of the IC positive
(7V-35V) unregulated voltage is given in
regulation.
2 GROUND Ground (0V) In this pin where the ground is
given.
This pin is neutral for equally
the input and output.
3 OUTPUT Regulated The output of the regulated 5V
output: 5V volt is taken out at this pin of
(4.8V-5.2V) the IC regulator.

Table 2: 7805 IC Pin Details

As you may have noticed, there is a significant difference between the
input voltage & the output voltage of the voltage regulator. This
difference between the input and output voltage is released as heat. The
greater the difference between the input and output voltage, more the
heat generated.

Application Of 7805 IC

• Fixed-Output Regulator
• Positive voltage Regulator in Negative voltage Configuration
• Adjustable Output Regulator

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• Current Regulator
• Adjustable DC Voltage Regulator
• Regulated Dual-Supply
• Output Polarity-Reversal-Protection Circuit
• Reverse bias projection Circuit

2.2.9 ARDUINO NANO

Figure: 12 ARDUINO NANO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light
on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into

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an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing

something online.
The Arduino Nano is a microcontroller-based device with 16 digital
pins that can be used for various purposes. It can be used for almost
every task, from minor to massive industrial-scale projects. It can also
be used for prototyping and developing new applications.
The small footprint and low price, make the Nano Every particularly
suited for wearable inventions, low cost robotics and interactive
projects requiring a small and easy-to-use microcontroller board.
The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard-friendly
microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P
microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially
released in 2008.

ESP32 Applications

These boards are used to build Arduino Nano projects by reading inputs
of a sensor, a button, or a finger and gives an output by turning motor
or LED ON, or and some of the applications are listed below.

✓ Samples of electronic systems & products

✓ Automation
✓ Several DIY projects
✓ Control Systems
✓ Embedded Systems
✓ Robotics
✓ Instrumentation
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2.2.10 Bluetooth module

The HC-05 is a class 2 Bluetooth module designed for transparent

wireless serial communication. It is pre-configured as a slave Bluetooth
device. Once it is paired to a master Bluetooth device such as PC, smart
phones and tablet, its operation becomes transparent to the user. All
data received through the serial input is immediately transmitted over
the air. When the module receives wireless data, it is sent out through
the serial interface exactly at it is received. No user code specific to the
Bluetooth module is needed at all in the user microcontroller program.

Figure: 13 HC-05 Bluetooth module

The HC-05 can be re-configured by the user to work as a master

Bluetooth device using a set of AT commands. Once configured as

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master, it can automatically pair with a HC-05 in its default slave

configuaration or a HC-06 module, allowing an point to point serial
communications.

Features:

✓ Bluetooth v2.0+EDR
✓ 2.4GHz ISM band frequency
✓ Supported baud rate: 9600 (default), 19200,38400, 57600,
115200, 230400, 460800.
✓ Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160 kbps, Synchronous:
1Mbps/1Mbps
✓ Power supply: 3.6V to 6V DC

2.2.11 Relay Module

Figure: 14 Relay module

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Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an

independent low-power signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal.

A DC relay uses a single coil of wire wound around the iron core to
make the electromagnet. When the DC coil is energized, the magnetism
generated in the core is steady because the DC just keeps going. The
steady magnetism keeps the lever attracted as long as the DC is flowing.

This is a relay that performs high-voltage and high-capacity urgent

shutdown of DC circuits. These relays not only energize DC circuit but
also shut down the high voltage circuit at high speed when an error
occurs.

Generally spec'd to close at 75% to 120% of the nominal voltage, so

3.75V for a 5V relay. So 3.3V might close a particular a five volt relay,
but you probably can't count on it.

2.2.12 Wires
Ribbon Wire Cable

A wire is a single usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and
telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the
metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in
various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The
term 'wire' is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands,

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as in "multistranded wire", which is more correctly termed a wire rope

in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.

Figure: 15 Ribbon Wire Cable

JUMPER WIRE

Jumper wires are used to connect two points in a circuit. All Electronics
stocks jumper wire in a variety of lengths and assortments. Frequently
used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it
easy to change a circuit as needed.

Figure: 16 Jumper Wire

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Jumper wires are simply wire that have connector pins at each end,
allowing them to be used to connect two points to each other without
soldering.

A jumper is a conductor that is rated to carry full line (load plus

capacitive charging) current and is installed to connect line spans on
opposite sides of a dead-end or a large angle structure. The jumper is
installed on each phase of the line and operates at full line voltage.

2.2.13 Lamp Holder

Nowadays lamp holders are used in every place where lamps are used.
The main function of the lamp holder is to hold a lamp and connect it
electrically.

Angle Holder – These types of holders are most commonly used

nowadays. This type of holders will give light at an angle of 45 degrees.
This type of holder is fixed only at sidewalls, not at ceilings.

Figure: 17 Lamp Holder

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Electrical junction boxes are simply standard electrical boxes that

house and protect the connections of two or more circuit cables or
wires. They are the communal meeting spot for electrical wires---where
they connect before moving in different directions through conduit and
other electrical fittings.

2.2.14 Socket (5A, 15A)

Figure: 18 Socket

5 Amp sockets are used on the lighting circuit, meaning they are
switched on and off with the light switches in the room, rather than
being used like regular plug sockets. They are designed for appliances
that take less than a 5 Amp current, for example floor lamps, table
lamps and fans.

Modular switches are modern switches, which can be found in any

home, office, or commercial premises. They have a number of
advantages over conventional non-modular electrical switches. The
main features that distinguish them from traditional ones are aesthetics
and ease of use.

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2.2.15 Zero PCB

Zero PCB is basically a general-purpose printed circuit board (PCB),
also known as preboard or DOT PCB. It is a thin rigid copper sheet
with holes pre-drilled at standard intervals across a grid with 2.54mm
(0.1-inch) spacing between holes. Each hole is encircled by a round or
square copper pad so that component lead can be inserted into the hole
and soldered around the pad without short-circuiting the nearby pads
and other leads. For connecting the lead of component with another
lead, solder these together or join these using a suitable conducting
wire.

Figure: 19 Zero PCB

Both zero PCB and Veroboard are popular among hobbyists, beginners,
and students for rapid prototyping and project works.

As its name suggests, general purpose PCBs are widely used to embed
circuits randomly for running of hardware. Its layer is coated with

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copper and allows proper soldering without any short circuit. General
purpose board, connections are not built so connections are to be
created.

2.3 CIRCUIT

Figure: 20 circuit dia.

The ability to operate household appliances with a single button push

is no longer a pipe dream in the age of automation. You can build a
home automation system that lets you operate fans and lights from your
smartphone by utilizing the strength of Arduino and the ease of use of
your Android smartphone. We’ll walk you through the steps of

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constructing a do-it-yourself home appliance control system with

Arduino and a specific Android app in this report.

This ingenious initiative allows users to control a variety of home

appliances, including light bulbs, tiny lights, plugs with fans, and fans,
using a specific Android app. The automation system includes not only
manual control buttons, but also voice control functions, for added
convenience. this project is a user-friendly and adaptable solution that
combines Arduino and Android technology to provide a full home
automation experience that is compatible with current smart living.

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CHAPTER – 03
WORKING

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3. WORKING

The Arduino Nano, which functions as the system’s brain, is at its

center. The HC-05 Bluetooth module is then included, creating a
wireless communication link between the Arduino and the Android
application. The circuit incorporates a 4-channel relay module for
controlling numerous appliances. The load is immediately linked to the
neutral when the power source, which supplies 220 volts, is put into the
system. The usually open output of the relay is connected to the load,
and the line from the power supply is connected to the relay’s common
terminal. A 5-volt, 2-ampere power adapter powers the whole
arrangement, providing a steady source of power for the Arduino Nano,
Bluetooth module, and relay module. The MIT App Inventor website
was utilized to create the Android app, which serves as the linked
appliances’ user interface. After gaining an understanding of the circuit
layout, the next step is to physically connect the hardware parts
according to this schematic in order to activate the system. This
thorough integration creates a unified home automation system by
enabling smooth communication between the Arduino, Bluetooth
module, and Android application.

3.1 Software
The application’s auto-connection functionality streamlines the user
experience by emphasizing that it instantly connects to the previously
associated Bluetooth module when it is opened. In addition, the
application’s general functioning depends on the graphic components,

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including buttons and labels. The voice control element of the app was
described, showing how speech recognition was used to translate
spoken instructions into text, before moving on to the functionalities of
the app. This innovation improved the accessibility and hands-free
operation of the home automation system by enabling users to regulate
the loads and power using voice commands.

Figure: 21 Application

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CHAPTER – 04
CONLUSION

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4. CONCLUSION

In addition to making your life more convenient, home automation

helps you conserve energy and lessen your carbon impact. Anyone
interested in IoT applications and DIY electronics should start with this
project. Your house may become a smart, automated sanctuary by
adding more features and expanding the system to manage more
appliances with a little imagination and resourcefulness.

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CHAPTER – 05
FUTURE SCOPE

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5. FUTURE SCOPE

• Future scope for the home automation systems involves making

homes even smarter.
• Homes can be interfaced with sensors including motion sensors,
light sensors and temperature sensors and provide automated
toggling of devices based on conditions.
• More energy can be conserved by ensuring occupation of the
house before turning on devices and checking brightness and
turning off lights if not necessary.

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CHAPTER – 06
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
6.1 Websites

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
• https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

6.2 Books

• Electrification of Building Complexes

(RAJESH PANCHAL)
• Switchgear and Protection
(R. P. AJWALIA)
• Microprocessor and Control Application
(R. P. AJWALIA, M. T. SAVALIYA)

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