First PUC

English
grammar notes
2024 – 25

Prepared by
Khaleelulla Khan
Lecturer in English
Govt P U College, Vanivilasa – LL0127
Hassan
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I PUC - SUBJECT: ENGLISH {02} BLUE PRINT – 2024

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 30 TOTAL MARKS: 102 MAX. MARKS: 80

Allocation of Questions from specified Units Of Course Book and Workbook

COURSE BOOK PROSE- PART

THE GENTLEMEN OF THE JUNGLE Subject+ Verb Agreement-3m/ TENSES-
2m
AROUND A MEDICINAL CREEPER Subject + Verb Agreement -3m/TENSES
-2m
ORU MANUSHYAN Articles-2m, Preposition-2m
BABAR ALI Articles-2m, Preposition-2m
WATCHMAN OF THE LAKE Question Forms-3m
FREDERICK DOUGLASS Tenses- 2m
TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA Question Forms-3m
POETRY - PART
THE SCHOOL BOY 1M 4M 6M
MONEY MADNESS 1M 4M
IF I WAS A TREE 1M M4 6M
THE FARMER’S WIFE 1M 4M
AN OLD WOMAN 1M 4M
DO NOT ASK OF ME MY LOVE 1M
WORK BOOK
ARTICLES 2M
PREPOSITIONS 2M
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT 3M
TENSES 2M
QUESTION FORMS 3M
PASSAGE 10M
REFERENCE SKILL 4M
LETTER WRITING 5M
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS 9M
INTERNALS (20 MARKS)
WRITING PROJECT 05 M
PRESENTATION 03 M
VIVA 02 M

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Grammar Chart

Parts of Speech Types

1. Noun Common Noun Proper Noun Countable Uncountable Singular Noun /

Noun Noun Plural Noun
Gender
1) Masculine
Concrete Noun Abstract Noun Compound Collective 2) Feminine
Noun Noun 3) Common
4) Neuter
2. Pronoun Personal Objective Possessive Reflexive Demonstrative
Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns
3. Adjective Adjectives of Adjectives of Adjectives Demonstrati Interrogative
Quality Quantity of Number ve Adjectives
Adjectives

4. Verb Helping Verb Transitive

Main Verb 1) Be Modal Verb
form Auxiliary
2) Have Intransitive
form Verb
3) Do
form
Regular Verb Finite Verb
Irregular Verb Infinite Verb
5. Adverb
Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Degree
Place Manner Frequency
6. Preposition
Prepositions of Prepositions of Preposition Prepositions Prepositions of
Time Place s of of Agents
Movement Direction
7. Conjunction Conjunctions of Conjunctions Conjunctio Conjunction Conjunctions of
Addition of Summary ns of s of Cause Comparison
Example and Effect
8. Interjection Interjection of Interjection of Interjection Interjection Interjection of
Joy Pain / Sorrow of Surprise of Approval Attention

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Articulation
English Work Book
For
First Year Pre-University Course

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1. Articles
Note the use of underlined words in the following paragraph.

Once, an old hermit saw a kite catching a little mouse. He felt sorry for the mouse. He took
an apple and threw it at the kite. The kite dropped the mouse in fear and flew away. Then
the hermit picked up the mouse and by his holy power changed it into a young maiden.

A. Fill in the blanks with a/an or the:

1. He is ____ youngest son in the family. 6. My friend is _____ M.L.A.

2. Anu is looking for ____ job. 7. Raju is in _____ class.
3. Could you close _________ door, please? 8. Have you ever visited ____ Andaman
Islands?
4. Anil is _____ optician. 9. Please bring ____ kilogram of apples.
5. Dr. Shankar is _____ dentist. 10. Mara did not have any teeth on _____
right side of his mouth.

B) Choose the correct option:

1. Do you enjoy listening to ______? 4. We are skiing in ____________.

a) music b) the music a) Alps b) the Alps
2. My brother speaks___________. 5. The sun rises in __________.
a) the French b) French a) the east b) east
3. I spent my childhood in_________.
a) Bangalore b) the Bangalore

C) Fill in the blanks with a, an, or the wherever necessary. If no article is necessary put an
‘X’ in the blanks:
1) _____old pilgrim was making his way to ____ Himalayan Mountains in the cold of winter.
When it began to rain, he went to _____ inn. ____ innkeeper said to him, ―How will you ever
get there in this kind of weather, my good man?‖ ____old man answered cheerfully, ―My
heart got there first, so it‘s easy for ____ rest of me to follow.

2) Once upon ____ time ____ elephant made friends with ____ man. One day ____ heavy
thunderstorm broke out. ____ elephant went to his friend who had ____ little hut at ____ edge
of ___ forest and asked for ___ help.

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Articles from textbook

Oru Manushyan
1. You find yourself caught in a dangerous situation. A total stranger rescues you.
2. It was quite a big city in the valley of a mountain, some thousand five hundred miles from
home; the inhabitants of which had never been known for the quality of mercy.
3. They were a cruel people. Murder, robbery, pick-pocketing, these were daily occurrences. By
tradition the people were professional soldiers.
4. I carried on a profession there; teaching English to some migrant labourers from nine-thirty
till eleven in the night.
5. I had a wallet in my coat pocket. I had fourteen rupees in it – my life’s savings at the time.
6. I began sweating profusely and almost digested in an instant all that I had eaten! The reason
was my wallet was not there.
7. It was a very busy restaurant. The owner gave a loud guffaw startling everyone around.
8. I looked at the people around me. I did not see even one kind face. They had the look of hungry
wolves.
9. My hands refused to move. I saw in my imagination a man standing in the crowd, stark naked and
without his eyes.
10. There stood a fair-complexioned man, six foot tall, with a red turban and white trousers.
Babar Ali
1.Babar Ali takes an auto rickshaw first and later walks five kilometres to the “Cossimbazar Raj
Govinda Sundari Vidyapeeth” where he is a class XII student.
2. Studious, smart and austere in his blue and white uniform, Babar is a model student. He is
also the first member of his family to get a proper education.
3. In school Babar Ali is an ideal student but it is what he does after his school hours that
intrigues the entire world.
4. Behind the office is a gate that opens to Babar’s home.
5. Babar Ali actually started his school at the mere age of nine! In fact, his school “Anand
Siksha Niketan” grew out of a game.
6. When Babar first thought up a mid-day meal scheme, the rice came from his father’s fields.
7. Clad in widow’s whites, stick in hand,Tulu Rani Hazra is an illiterate fishmonger by morning
and a crusading educationalist by afternoon.
8. Babar Ali teaches his students under the open sky. Some children sit in the mud, others on
rickety benches under a rough, homemade shelter.
9. Babar Ali’s tale is a testament to the difference that one person can make in his/her world.
10. That a 9 year old can alone change the world should be enough inspiration for all of us to
come out of our closed cocoons and help make a difference.

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1. Prepositions

I Prepositions of Place
Look at these pictures. Below each of them write the appropriate preposition of place given in brackets.
(beside, below, behind, under, on, over, in front of, above)

The ball is __________ the box.

II Prepositions of Time
Refer to the picture given below and complete the sentences with at, on, in.

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I will come at ______ for meeting. My exam is on ________ .

The bridge was built in __________.

1. Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America ……….. 1492.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ……. 21 July 1969.
3. I am just going out for shopping. I will be back ……… about 20 minutes.
4. The course begins ……….. 7 January and ends sometime ……. April.
5. If the sky is clear, you can see the stars ……… night.
6. Shankar‘s brother is an engineer, but he doesn‘t have a job ….. the moment.
7. The telephone and the door bell rang …….. the same time.
8. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ……… two hours.

III Prepositions of Movement

The snake moved _____________ the box.

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Prepositions from textbook

Oru Manushyan
1.You are wandering around far away from home. You have no money with you.
2. It was quite a big city in the valley of a mountain, some thousand five hundred miles from
home; the inhabitants of which had never been known for the quality of mercy.
3. I stayed in that city in a very small, dingy room on a dirty street.
4. I carried on a profession there; teaching English to some migrant labourers from nine-thirty
till eleven in the night.
5. I taught them to write addresses in English.
6. Learning to write an address in English was considered great education there.
7. In those days I would sleep all day and wake up at four in the evening.
8. One day I got up at 4 p. m. as usual. You must understand that I was dressed in a suit.
9. I looked at the people around me. I did not see even one kind face. They had the look of
hungry wolves.
10. He took out from his various pockets about five wallets. Five; among them was mine. I
opened it. My money was there intact. I put it in my pocket.
Babar Ali
1 . Babar Ali must be the youngest headmaster in the world. He’s a teenager who is in charge
of teaching hundreds of students in his family’s backyard.
2. The story of this young man from Murshidabad in West Bengal is a remarkable tale of the
desire to learn amid the direst poverty.
3. Babar wakes up every morning at 7 and starts his day by doing some household chores.
4. Babar is the thin and gangly boy who sits in the middle of the front row. Studious, smart and
austere in his blue and white uniform, Babar is a model student.
5. Inside, in a tiny, dank room behind a desk, sits someone even the Queen of England knows
by name, and you should too!
7. In the Bhapta neighborhood of Gangapur Village in West Bengal’s Murshidabad, Babar lives
with his three siblings and his parents in a thatched house which is the size of an average city
kitchen.
8. Coming from a privileged family Babar realized he must do something for the other children
in this village.
9. When Babar first thought up a mid-day meal scheme, the rice came from his father’s fields,
but now, with the aid of friends in the administration, it comes from government stock.
10. Babar Ali gives lessons just the way he has heard them from his teachers. There is no
building or establishment for his school.
11. Babar teaches his students under the open sky. Some children sit in the mud, others on
rickety benches under a rough, homemade shelter.
12. Text books are free from class I to V, but for the rest money needs to be arranged.

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Verbs 2.
Tense and Time
A verb is a word which shows action or state of being.

Read the following sentences and identify the verbs.

Present Past Future

I write a poem. I wrote a poem. I will write a poem.
We drink coffee. We drank coffee. We will drink coffee.
You wash your clothes. You washed your clothes. You will wash your clothes.
He speaks English. He spoke English. He will speak English.
She sings songs. She sang songs. She will sing songs.
It ( shop ) opens today. It opened today. It will open tomorrow.

Present Tense Past Tense

I clean my clothes. I cleaned my clothes.
We learn English. We learned English.
You finish your work. You finished your work.
He sings a song. He sang a song.
She goes to school. She went to school.

Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verbs given in brackets.

1) Once upon a time, a man _____(live) in a hut at the edge of a forest. An elephant _____ (make)
friendship with him. One day, when it ____(be + rain) heavily, the elephant _________
(request) the man to allow to put his trunk in his hut.

2) The Lion was the king of the jungle.He _____(want) to have peace in his kingdom. So he ______
(appoint) a Commission of Enquiry. Mr. Fox ______ (be) the chairman. On seeing the members,
the man _______ (demand) to include one from his side.

3) The Englishman ________(tell) Mara to show him the plant. So, Mara ______(take) him to the
forest. Although they _______(search) for the whole day, they didn’t find it. So, the Englishman
_____(threaten) to shoot him.

4) It was quite a big city.I_____ (stay) in a small room in that city. I _______ (carry) on a profession
of teaching English. I ________(teach) them to write address in English. People _______(pay)
one anna to four annas for writing an address.

5) I got up at 4 pm and _______ (finish) my daily chores. Then I ________ (step) out for a meal. I
_________(have) 14Rs in the wallet which was in my coat pocket. I ______(enter) a restaurant
and ordered a meal.

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Tenses from the textbook

1. Once upon a time an elephant __________ (make) a friendship with a man. One day a
heavy thunderstorm broke out, the elephant _________ (go) to his friend, who had a
little hut at the edge of the forest.
2. The man, seeing what his friend had done to him, ________( start ) to grumble, the animals in
the nearby forest ________ ( hear ) the noise and came to see what was the matter.
3. All ________ ( stand ) around listening to the heated argument between the man and his friend,
the elephant. In this turmoil the lion _______ ( come ) along roaring.
4. The man was very pleased by these sweet words from the King of the Jungle, and innocently
_______ ( wait ) for his opportunity, in the belief that naturally the hut would be ____________ (
return ) to him.
5. On seeing the personnel, the man _________ ( protest ) and _______ ( ask ) if it was not
necessary to include in this Commission a member from his side.
6. The Commission ________ ( sit ) to take the evidence. The Rt. Hon. Mr. Elephant was first
_________ (call ).
7. The commission members then _______ ( call ) the man, who _______ (begin ) to give his own
account of the dispute.
8. A Royal Commission was again _________ ( appoint ) to look into the matter, and the same
finding was given. This procedure was ________ ( repeat ) many times.
9. Early one morning, when the huts already _______ ( occupy ) by the jungle lords were all
beginning to decay and fall to pieces, he went out and _______ ( build ) a bigger and better hut
a little distance away.
10. Mr. Leopard next ________ ( come ) in at the window, Mr. Lion, Mr. Fox, and Mr. Buffalo
________ (enter ) the doors.

Around a Medicinal Creeper

1. We _________ ( send ) Sanna to get some creepers from the forest. He __________
(bring) a whole bundle.
2. e. Mara _________ ( open ) the bundle and while sifting, he suddenly ________ ( look ) at one
of the creepers and scolded Sanna.
3. When I _________ ( enquire), he said that it was a medicinal creeper. Sanna
_________ (say) that there was plenty of it in the forest.
4. When Sannappa _________ ( show) the plant, Mara became very active. He ________
( catch) hold of one of the tendrils and tied it to a nearby tree.
5. In all my wanderings in the forests with Masti, Byra, Appanna, Mara and others, I
___________ ( glean ) many things. Among them were a few things I learnt about some of
these plants and herbs.

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6. Everyone around was alarmed and someone brought some leaf, _________ ( press ) it against
the wound and ________ ( bandage ) it with a cloth torn from one of their lungis.
7. Mara ________ ( take ) the Englishman to the forest and even though they _______________ (
search ) for an entire day from morning to evening, they did not find that plant which had
similar leaves.
8. He was angry because he _________ ( think ) that Mara was so greedy that even though he
had offered him his entire estate, he was not ________ ( satisfy ).
9. One day, I _______ ( ask ) him how he had come to lose all the teeth only on one side. He
_______ ( tell ) me an interesting story.
10. When Mara _______ ( break ) a small stick from a nearby plant to brush a third or fourth time,
he _______ ( feel ) a sour taste in the mouth.
11. We _______ ( decide ) to conduct the experiment and brought a litre of milk. The other
scientist friends _______ ( laugh ) at us.
12. We ________ ( watch ) for some time to see whether it would become curdled or remain as it
was. Nothing _______ ( happen ) for a couple of minutes.
13. Just as I ________ ( decide ) that that we had indeed wasted a litre of milk, I ______ ( touch ) it
again. It had become firm and rubbery!
14. Time _______ ( pass ) and once again I ______ ( forget ) about Mara’s medicinal creeper.
15. Krishna ________ ( take ) some money from me and ______ ( go ) to the hospital.
16. The next day, I _______ ( see ) Krishna looking for this medicinal creeper. When I ___________
( listen ) to his description, I was sure that he was looking for the same creeper.

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7. Question Forms

‘Wh-‘ Questions / Information Questions

Wh- questions are used to ask for information

Question Usage Example

word
What to ask about objects What did you eat in your breakfast?
to ask about ideas What is your opinion on politics?
to ask about action What game do you play in school?
Where to ask about places Where is your house?
Where is my book?
When to ask the time When shall we meet?
When did you reach your home?
Who to ask about people Who invented the aeroplane?
Who is India’s first prime minister?
Why to ask reason Why are you smiling?
Why did you go early today?
Which to get specific information Which is your favourite colour?
/ to ask about choice Which is the correct answer?
Whose to ask about ownership Whose book is this?
Whose pencil is this?
How to ask about procedure / How did this happen?
manner/ condition / length How will you go to your house in the rain?
/ quantity / distance / age /
quality

questions from ‘how’ …

How many countable quantity How many players are there in the team?
How many students are there in our college?
How much uncountable quantity How much water should we drink every day?
How much oxygen is present in the environment?
How much amount / money How much is this?
How much did you spend on your birthday?
How long duration of some action How long this meeting will continue?
How long have you been waiting for me?
How far distance How far is the Moon from the earth?
How far is your office from your home?
How old age How old are you?
How old is your father?
How often frequency How often do you visit your grandma’s house?
How often do you watch TV?

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I. Frame „Wh‟ questions so as to get the underlined word/s as answer. One is

done for you.

Example: Shashirekha spends the weekends with her family.

Who spends the weekends with her family?

1. Man has failed to understand the nature and her ways.

2. Nicola and Jacopo sold wild strawberries on the outskirts of Verona.

3. The commission was appointed to look into the matter.

4. There were five members in the commission.

5. The elephant put his trunk inside the hut slowly.

6. The lion wanted to have peace and tranquility in his kingdom.

7. The people around him looked like hungry wolves.

8. The big city was situated in the valley of a mountain.

9. Mara met the king at his palace at midnight.

10. Udyan Express leaves Bangalore at 8 pm for Mumbai.

Framing ‘Wh’ questions so as to get the underlined words as answer.

There are five members in the commission.

We have three meetings to attend.
He went to a hospital to see the doctor.
She studies to become a doctor.
The elephant put the trunk inside the hut
slowly.
The people around him looked like hungry
wolves.
Rajesh was a carpenter.
My sister reads newspaper every day.
The bus will come at 3 O’clock.
The exam will begin at 10 O’clock.
I met my friend at railway station.
Raju went for shopping at Bigbazar.

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Question Tag
A Question Tag is a small question at the end of a statement.
Question tags are used when asking for agreement or confirmation.
If the sentence is positive, question tag will be negative.

Formula :
Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + not + s?
I am a doctor? Aren’t I? ( am = are )
He is an engineer. Is not he?
She was a lawyer? Was not she?
They are graduates. Are not they?
They were singers. Were not they?

Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + not + s?

I have agreed to go. Have not I?
We have agreed to go. Have not we?
You have agreed to go. Have not you?
He has agreed to go. Has not he?
They have agreed to go. Have not they?

Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + not + s?

I do my business. Don’t I?
We do our business. Don’t we?
You do your business. Don’t you?
He does his business. Doesn’t he?
They do their business. Don’t they?

Add Hv Do if Hv is not there in the sentence.

Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + not + s?
I like movies. Don’t I?
We like movies. Don’t we?
You liked movies? Didn’t you?
He liked movies. Didn’t he?
They liked movies. Didn’t they?

Add hv Do if hv is not there in the sentence.

Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: do + not + s?
Ravi reads books. Does he?
Mother cooks the meal. Doesn’t she?
Children play cricket. Don’t they?

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If the sentence is negative, question tag will be positive.

Negative Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + s?
I Am not going. Am I?
We are not going. Are we?
You are not going. Are you?
He is not going. Is he?
She is not going. Is she?
It is not going. Is it?
They are not going. Are they?

Negative Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + s?

I have not gone. Have I?
We have not gone. Have we?
You have not gone. Have you?
He has not gone. Has he?
She has not gone. Has she?
It has not gone. Has it?
They have not gone. Have they?

Negative Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + s?

I don’t like coffee. Do I?
We don’t like coffee. Do we?
You don’t like coffee. Do you?
He doesn’t like. Does he?
She doesn’t like. Does she?
It doesn’t like. Does it?
They don’t like. Do they?

Negative Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + s?

I can’t speak English. Can I?
You couldn’t come. Could you?
We shouldn’t listen. Should we?
Alex will not go Will he?
tomorrow.

Positive Sentence Question tag Formula: hv + s?

Maria can’t read Tamil. Can she?
Dhoni could not bat. Could he?
The train will not arrive. Will it?
We should not eat. Should we?

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Answer and complete the following sentences by adding a question tag to

each sentence.

One is done for you.

John is going to the market, isn't he?

 Alice has finished her project,

 David likes pizza,
 Emma can't drive,
 Michael will join us for dinner,
 Sarah is a great dancer,
 Robert knows the answer,
 Sophia hasn't seen this movie,
 Tom should arrive soon,
 Jessica was at the party,

 You are coming to the meeting,

 She likes to read novels,
 They have a car,
 He can play the guitar,
 We will visit the museum,
 The weather is nice today,
 She speaks French,
 You know the way to the station,
 He finished his work,
 They were at the party,

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Letter Writing

Some Types of Formal Letters

1. Leave Application
2. Application for T.C/M.C
3. Application for opening / closing / transfer of a bank account
4. Complaint Letters
5. Letters Seeking Information
6. Letters Giving Information
7. Invitation Letters
A formal letter includes 8 elements
1. Sender‘s Address (from address)
2. Date
3. Inside Address ( to address)
4. Salutation (Subject line and reference line are optional.)
5. Body
6. Complimentary Close
7. Signature
8. Enclosures (if any)

……………………………..
……………………………..

Date: ……………………

……………………………..
……………………………..

Dear Sir/Ma’am
Sub: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Kindly do the needful and oblige.

Thank you
………………………….
Enclosure: ………………………………………………………………….

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Example

………………………………
……………………………..
……………………………..

Date: …………………….

The Principal
Govt P U College
Vanivilas, LL0127
Hassan

Dear Principal,

Sub: Request for school transfer certificate

With reference to the above subject, I, Neha Gupta, a 10th

standard student of your school during 2013-14 request you to
issue my school transfer certificate in order to seek admission in
D.V.S college, Bengaluru. I have passed my S.S.L.C examination
in March 2014 and my admission number is 107/2011-12.

Kindly do the needful and oblige.

Thank you.

………………………………..

………………………………..

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Exercise

1. Write a letter to the District Forest Officer, enquiring about the availability of different
types of saplings to be planted on the occasion of ‘Vana Mahotsava’ in your college.

Your letter should include enquiries about:

 Types of plants
 Mode of transportation
 Cost

2. Write a letter to the PRO, ‘Apple Computers’ requesting to facilitate a talk on the
‘Importance of Computers and the Advancement in Computer Technology’, in your
college during the Science Festival.

3. Write an application to the principal of your college requesting for 4 days leave.

4. Write a letter to the Bank Manager requesting to transfer your account from SBI -
Davangere branch to SBI - Malleshwaram branch, Bengaluru as your family has
permanently settled down in Bengaluru.

5. Write a letter to the Commissioner, City Corporation, Shimoga, complaining about

irregular water supply in your area. Your letter should include the following points:
 irregular water supply
 the areas affected
 inconvenience caused to the general public

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Language Function

Language functions refer to the purposes in which we use language to communicate.

● We use language for a variety of formal and informal purposes.

● Specific grammatical structures and vocabulary are often used with each language function.

The difference between Formal and Informal Language

Formal language Informal language
*used in serious situations *used in relaxed situations
Like in offices, institutions, public programs, Like chatting on social media, at hotels, family
interviews, school debates etc. functions, picnics etc.
( in speaking and writing ) ( in speaking and writing )
*used when we are not familiar with people *used we know people very well
Like any stranger we meet at a function Like Brothers and sisters, friends
*grammar is followed strictly *grammar rules are not strictly followed
How are you? What’s up?
In my opinion … I think …
Don’t lie Don’t bluff
Good morning, how are you? Hello, haven‘t seen you for a long time.

Expression Bank
1. How To Start a Conversation

Excuse me John: Excuse me! Can I speak to you?

Alex: Yes. Of course.

2. How make a request

Can you ... John: Can I borrow your pen?

Could you ... Alex: Why not. Please take it.

3. How to express gratitude

Thank You John: Thank You Alex.

Thanks a lot Alex: Mention not. / You are welcome.
Thank you very much

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4. How to compliment

That’s nice John: That’s a nice shirt you are wearing.

That’s wonderful Alex: Thanks a lot, Alex.

5. How to congratulate

Congratulations! John: congratulations! You won the final match.

Congrats! / Well done! Alex: Yes John. Thanks for that.

6. How to apologise

I am sorry John: I am sorry Alex. I hurt you yesterday.

I beg your pardon / I apologise Alex: No problem, John. It’s OK.

7. How to express sympathy

How sad! / That’s so sad John: I lost my money yesterday.

That’s a pity Alex: That’s so sad to know.

8. How to seek / give / refuse permission

Can I ... John: May I come in? / Can I go out?

May I ...
Give permission Alex: Yes. / Yes, permission granted.
Refuse permission Alex: I am sorry. That’s not possible.

9. How to introduce someone

Meet my... John: Meet my brother, Joseph.

Alex: Nice to meet you, Joseph.

10. How to greet each other

Good morning John: Good morning, Alex.

Good evening Alex: Good morning, John.
Good night (when you go to
sleep)

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11. How to request for repetition

I am Sorry John: Alex, did you see my wallet?

Pardon me ... / I couldn’t follow Alex: Sorry. I couldn’t follow you.
John: Did you see my wallet?
Alex: Yes. I saw it on your table.

12. How to offer help

offering (May I ...) John: May I help you, John.

Accepting Alex: Yes, please.
Decline Alex: It’s OK.

13. How to give suggestions

May I suggest John: May I suggest you a good hotel?

Alex: Of course. Which one is that?
John: Hotel Maurya, near the bus stand is very good.

14. How to give opinion

In my opinion / according to me John: In my opinion, English should be learned early.

Alex: You are right, John.

15. How to take leave

See you / good bye / bye John: See you tomorrow, Alex.
Alex: Good bye, John.

1. Starting a Conversation with a Stranger

Sometimes we need help from strangers. How do we start a conversation with them?
While travelling in a train
Suma : Excuse me, can I ask for a favour?
Rita : Yes, what is it?
Suma : I have travel sickness. Would you mind if I sit beside the window?
Rita : No! Not at all.
Suma : Thank you. By the way, I‘m Suma.
Rita : I‘m Rita. Nice to meet you.

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Asking for Directions

Joyce : Excuse me, could you tell me where the bus station is?
Mary : There are two bus stations here, one for the private buses and another for government
buses. Which one would you want?
Joyce : The government bus station, please.
Mary : It‘s just half a kilometer from here. Go straight and take a right turn after the circle. It‘s
just there.

Making Requests

(Ravi goes to his General Manager Mr. Kamath with a request for 10 days leave.)

Ravi : Good morning sir.

Mr.Kamath : Good morning Ravi. What‘s the matter? You look worried.
Ravi : My son is unwell and needs to have an operation. I‘d be grateful if you could permit me to
take 10 days leave.
Mr. Kamath : That shouldn‘t be a problem. Mr. Das can take care of your projects while you‘re
away. Ravi : Thank you very much sir.
Mr. Kamath : You‘re welcome Ravi. Don‘t worry. Your son‘s going to be fine.

Expressing Gratitude

Sumod is waiting at the bus-stop. His friend, Ramamurthy, going the same way, stops his bike.

Ramamurthy : Hi, Sumod. Waiting for the bus?

Sumod : Hi, Ramamurthy. Yes. It is getting late to college.
Ramamurthy : Don‘t worry. I am going the same way. Can I drop you?
Sumod : (getting on the bike). Thanks.
(getting down) Thank you. See you. Bye.
Ramamurthy : It‟s O K. See you.

At the Bank
Joe : Could you lend me your pen for a moment, please?
Abdulla : Oh, sure.
Joe : (After fill in the cheque, while returning) Thank you.
Abdulla : Not at all.

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Complimenting and Congratulating

Note: We compliment a person on his/her looks, dress, appearance etc…

We congratulate someone on winning something, scoring well in the exam, getting a job or
promotion etc…

Shyam : That‘s a very nice coat you are wearing!

Ramesh: Thank you
Anu : You look stunning in this pink saree!
Suman : Thanks for the compliment.

Congratulating

Mother : How was your day at school, Vivek?

Vivek : It was wonderful, mom. I have been made the president of the English club.
Mother : That‘s great! Congratulations!
Vivek : Thank you, mom.

Apologising and Responding to an Apology

(Anthony apologises to his aunt for not getting her a book she wanted)

Aunt : Have you got me a copy of Leo Tolstoy‘s ―Crime and Punishment?
Anthony : I‘m sorry, I haven‘t been able to, auntie. Actually it‘s in short supply.
Aunt : Don‘t let it bother you, Anthony.

Leave Taking

Miss Jyoti runs into her old neighbour.

Miss Jyoti : Good Morning, Mrs. Kavita.
Mrs. Kavita : Good Morning, Jyoti.
Miss Jyoti : How are you?
Mrs. Kavita : Very well, thank you.
Miss Jyoti : I think we've not met for a long time.
Mrs. Kavita : Yeah, I was with my mother this summer.
Miss Jyoti : That‘s great. But I need to go home now. See you later.
Mrs. Kavita : Good bye, Jyoti.

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Complete the dialogue

A student comes late to class

Teacher: You are late to the class.

Student: _______________________ . I missed my bus. (Apologising)
Teacher: In that case _____________ . ( suggestion )
Student: Sir, ___________ . ( agreeing )

Rahul gets selected for a job through an interview. He comes to home and speaks to his
mother.

Rahul: Mother, I have good news for you.

Mother: _______________________ . ( asking question about news )
Rahul : I got selected for job as assistant in a bank.
Mother: __________________ ( congratulating )
Rahul: ____________________________( expressing gratitude )

A customer goes to an electronic shop to buy TV

Salesman: ___________________ . Please come, sir. ( greeting )

Customer: ___________________ ( greeting )
Salesman: _________________________ . ( offering help )
Customer: I would like to buy a good TV.
Salesman: Sure. Take LG TV. This is latest one.
Customer: Ok. I will buy this.
Salesman: _____________ . ( expressing gratitude )

A patient goes to a clinic to consult a doctor.

Patient: ______________ . May I come in. ( starting conversation )

Doctor: Please come in.
Patient: _______________________________ . ( greeting and introducing )
Doctor: Good morning. Please be seated. What is your problem?
Patient: Sir, _________________________. ( giving information )
Doctor: You are suffering from fever because of bad weather. Take these tablets for three
days.
Patient: ___________________ .( expressing gratitude )

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LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
Match the expressions under column A to its corresponding language functions under column
B.

A B
Expressions Functions
1 Take a right turn. i. making a request.
2 Hi, how are you? ii. expressing gratitude
3 It is very kind of you. iii. complimenting.
4 You look great. iv. greeting
5 Could you please carry this bag . v. giving direction.

A B
Expressions Functions
1 Well done, we are proud of you. i. seeking permission
2 That is a pity. ii. introducing
3 Can I have it ? iii. congratulating
4 Meet my friend, Kavitha. iv. apologizing
5 I am sorry. v. expressing sympathy

A B
Expressions Functions
1 See you later, bye. i. asking for information
2 Sorry, I couldn’t follow it. ii. leave taking
3 Want a hand? iii. complaining
4 At what time does the train arrive? iv. request for repetition
5 I am sorry to say this . v. offering help

A B
Expressions Functions
1 I am sorry, that is not possible. i. leave taking.
2 Indeed, you are right. ii. asking for information
3 See you again, bye. iii. greeting
4 How was your trip? iv. refusing permission
5 Hi, how do you do? v. agreeing

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Interpretation of Advertisements and Schedules

i) Refer to the following advertisements and answer the questions that follow.

1. Name the lowest priced cell phone in the above advertisements.

2. The price of Blackberry 5 is lesser than _________________.
3. Which is the Wi-Fi enabled smart phone?
4. Of the two dual sim smart phones, which one has the high end dual sim?
5. Which phone has an internal memory of 8 GB?
6. The mobile that has the biggest touch screen is __________.
7. Which of the cell phones runs on Google‘s latest software system?

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ii) Read the following list of events in the 25th Karnataka Science Congress Annual
Convention to be held at I I Sc Bangalore on the 28th and 29th of the next
month and answer the questions that follow.

1. Mention the venue of the programme.

2. What is the duration of inauguration.
3. What programme is planned between 2:30 pm and 4 pm on 29th?
4. When are the cultural programmes arranged?

iii) Read the KSRTC schedule and answer the questions :

Questions :
1. When does Rajahamsa leave from Mysore?
2. Which bus departs to Shivamogga at 17.00 hours?
3. When does the Super Deluxe arrive at Mysore?
4. Which bus arrives to Mysore at 8.00 hours?

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Passage Reading

1) Max Mueller was a distinguished German poet. Some of his poems were set to music by
Australian composer, Franz (Peter) Schubert.
As a youth, Mueller took to the study of the Sanskrit language with great devotion and
started learning the language. He took his Doctorate in Philosophy in 1843. He did
research work on Sanskrit and philosophy under eminent scholars in Berlin University.
In 1846, Mueller went to London to copy and collect manuscripts in Sanskrit. He
translated Rig Veda which consists of 1,028 hymns addressed to different gods. As it
was being printed in a London university press, he migrated to Oxford in 1848 and lived
there for the rest of his life. The first volume of Mueller’s edition appeared in 1849, the
sixth and last volume in 1874. This printed Rig Veda caused great enthusiasm in India.
Several publications on Indian Religion and literature appeared in quick succession. Max
Mueller became the greatest interpreter of India to the Western World. His book ‘India
– what it can teach us’ has a special place among his publications. But, Max Mueller
never visited India!

Questions:

1. The famous music composer who set the music to Mueller’s poems was _____.
2. 2. Where did Mueller get his Doctorate in Philosophy?
3. 3. Name the university where Mueller did research work.
4. 4. Why did Mueller go to London?
5. 5. Who translated the verses of Rig Veda into English?
6. 6. Mueller migrated to Oxford in ______
a) 1846 b) 1848 c) 1849
7. 7. When did the sixth volume of Mueller’s edition appear?
8. 8. Name the book of Mueller on India mentioned in the passage.
9. 9. Add a prefix from the brackets to the word ‘appear’ to get the antonym. (un, dis,
re)
10. 10. Max Mueller’s______ (interpret) of India is very popular in the Western world.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the word given in the bracket)

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2) Smoking kills 9,00,000 people every year in India. World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that smoking related deaths worldwide will surpass 9 million annually by
2020, with 7 million of those deaths occurring in developing nations.
People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks cool. Others
start because their family members or friends smoke. Statistics show that about 9 out
of 10 tobacco users start smoking before they are 18 years old. Most adults who started
smoking in their teens, never expected to become addicted. That is why people say it is
just so much easier to not start at all.
It is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains a drug called nicotine. This drug is
highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly
become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel
normal. The nicotine can raise one’s blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen demand for
muscles, mainly for the heart. Moreover, the second hand smoke which comes from
two places i.e., smoke breathed out by the person who smokes and smoke from the
end of a burning cigarette causes health effects, including cancer, breathing problems
and asthma. Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of death in our society. It is
an expensive habit. The tobacco industry makes billions of rupees each year and they
do not care about anyone’s existence. All they want is money. One buys more
cigarettes, the company earns more.
Today’s generation needs to beware of electronic cigarettes (e – cigarettes). This
contains cancer causing chemicals and other toxins. This also has a compound used in
antifreeze. These battery operated devices use cartridges filled with nicotine flavorings
and other chemicals and convert them into a vapour that is inhaled by the user.
Counseling and medical help need to be sought for smoking addicts.

Questions:

1. According to WHO, where do maximum deaths occur by smoking ?

2. At what age do people start to smoke?
3. What did the teenagers never expect when they started smoking?
4. Name the drug in tobacco.
5. What is the effect of nicotine on the heart?
6. What is the most preventable cause of death in our society?
7. What does the tobacco industry care about?
8. __________ is needed to help smoking addicts to come out of it.
9. Smoking is an ________ (addiction / addictive) habit.
10. Add a prefix to the word ‘expected’ to form the antonym. (non, un, re)

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How to Study Well

Manage Your Time

1. Fix minimum study time for each subject, each day. Ex: Evening 7 to 9
2. Study what was done in class on the same day.
3. Take a break of 10 minutes. Study another subject next.
4. Drink water during intervals. Keep a bottle/glass of water beside.
5. You can also divide the time according to your needs.

How to Study English

1. Learn the Titles of lessons.
2. Read the text first. Underline important words. Note down meanings.
3. Underline important points.
4. Read one mark questions. Read answers loudly.
5. Read summaries. Write them on buff sheets. Recite and write answers repeatedly.
6. Check wrong spellings and correct them.
7. Solve old question papers.

Steps to learn grammar

1. Keep the grammar chart with you first. Remember the titles and types.
2. Learn parts of speech. ( POS is all about words and types of words)
3. Learn how to make a sentence. Learn Tenses. ( Present-Past-Future)
4. Learn about punctuation.

Remember: REVISION is the only key to success in exams.

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“A child without education is

like a bird without wings.”
—Tibetan Proverb

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