SWAMI VIVEKANAND
TEST SERIES
Subject : Science -I ANSWERS PAPER Total Marks : 20
Class : X 1. Gravitation
Q. 1 A) Choose the correct alternatives. 2
1) Which of the following statement is correct?
Ans:a) Mass is constant and weight is variable.
2) Escape velocity for an object resting on earth is given by the formula.
2GM
Ans.: a)
R
Q. 1 B) Solve the following questions (Any One). 1
1) State whether the following statement is true or false.
The value of g increases with altitude.
Ans.: False
2) Define centripetal force.
Ans.: A force acting on any object moving along a circle & which is directed towards the centre
of the circle is called as centripetal force.
3) Considering first correleation complete the second
Acceleration due to gravity : m/s2 : : Gravitational constant : -----
Ans.: Considering first correleation complete the second
Acceleration due to gravity : m/s2 : : Gravitational constant : Nm2/kg2
Q.2 : A) Give scientific reason (Any One). 2
1) The weight of a body is different on different planets.
Ans.: The weight of an object is the forec with which the earth attracts the object
w F mg
As the value of is not same on every planet the weight of an object changes on different
planet. Therefore the weight of a body is different on different planets.
2) The value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.
Ans.: At the centre of Earth, the force due to upper half of the Earth will cancel the force due to
lower half. In the similar manner, force due to any portion of the Earth at the centre will be
cancelled due to the portion opposite to it. Thus, the gravitational force at the centre on any
body will be 0. Since, from Newton's law, we know
F = mg
Since, mass m of an object can never be 0. Therefore, when F = 0, g has to be 0. Thus,
the value of g is zero at the centre of Earth.
Q. 2 : B) Solve the following questions (Any 2) 4
1) Distinguish between mass and weight.
Ans.: Mass Weight
i) The quantity of matter i) Weight is a gravitational force
contained in a body is mass. acting on a body by celestial body.
ii) S.I. Unit of mass is ii) S. I. Unit of weight is Newton (N)
Kilogram (Kg)
iii) Mass is scalar quanity iii) weight is vector quantity
iv) Mass is constant everywhere iv) Weight changes from place to place.
2) Define : a) Freefall, b) Aceleration due to gravity.
Ans.: a) Freefall : The object falling towards earth under the influence of gravitational force of
earth is called as freefall.
b) Aceleration due to gravity : Acceleration experienced by an object in its freefall is
called acceleration due to gravity.
3) Why does low and high tides occur?
Ans.: The level of water in the sea changes because of the gravitational force exerted by the
moon. Water directly under the moon gets pulled towards the moon & the level of water
there goes up causing high tide at that place. At two place on the earth at 90 0 from the
place of high tide the level of water is minimum and low tides occur there.
Q.3: Solve the following questions (Any 2) 6
1) Why does the feather and the stone do not reach the ground at the same time?
Ans.: The feather has larger surface area and experiences greater air resistance during free fall.
The feather experiences a buoyant force and a frictional force due to air and therefore
floats and reached the ground slowly later than heavy stone. The buyont and frictional
forces on the stone are much less than the weight of the stone and does not affect the
speed of the stone much. where as stone has smaller surface area & so experiences
smaller air resistance during freefall. So it falls fast.
2) Write a short note on Gravitational waves.
Ans.: Gravitational waves are a very different type of waves. They have been called the waver
on the fabric of space time. They are very weak & it is very difficult to detect them.
Scientists have constructed extremely sensitive instruments to detect the gravitational waves.
3) State and explain Newton’s law of Gravitation.
Ans.: Newton’s law of gravitation states that the gravitational force (F) between two bodies of
masses m1 & m2 whose centers are separated by distance (d) is :
a) directly proportional to product of masses.
b) inversely proportional to the square of distance between them i. e.
m1m 2 G m1 m 2
F F
d2 d2
4) If a person weight 750N on earth, how much would be his weight on theMoon
given that Moon’s mass is 1/81 of that of the earth and its radius is 1/3.7 of that
of the earth?
Ans.: Weight on earth = 750N
ME
Ratio of mass of the earth (ME) to Mass of the moons M m M 81
m
RE
Ratio of radius of earth (RE) to radius of moon R m R 3.7
M
Let the mass of the person be m kg.
mGME
Weight on the earth = mg = 750 =
R 2E
750R 2E
m ............ (i)
GM E
mGM m
Weight on Moon = using. (i)
Rm 2
750R 2E GM m
GM E R m2
750R 2E M m
R M2 ME
1
75 3.7
2
81
= 126.8N
Q. 4 : Solve the following question (Any one). 5
1) In the following figure, an orbit of a planet around the Sun (S) has been shown.
AB and CD are the distances covered by the planet in equal time. Lines AS ad
CS sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time. Hence, areas ASB and CSD
are equal.
(a) Which laws do we understand from the above description? 1
(b) Write the law regarding the area swept. 2
(c) Write the law T2 r3 in your words. 2
Ans: (a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(b) Kepler’s law of areas: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal
intervals of time.
(c) Kepler’s law of periods: The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is
directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.
Or
What happens to the magnitude of the force of gravitation between two objects if
(a) the distance between the object is tripled? 1
(b) Mass of both objects is doubled? 2
(c) Mass of both objects as well as distance between them is doubled? . 2
Ans: (a) Let us suppose that R is the distance
When the distance is tripled, R = 3R.
According to Newton’s law,
1
F
R2
1
F 2
3
1
F
9
So, we can say that F is one-ninth of the original value.
(b) Mass is doubled
M = 2M
M1 = 2M1
M2 = 2M2
F M1 M2
So F is 4 times of the original value
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