[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
15 views5 pages

7 III March 2019

Research Sample

Uploaded by

Rashi MrBRD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views5 pages

7 III March 2019

Research Sample

Uploaded by

Rashi MrBRD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

7 III March 2019

http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.3111
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 7 Issue III, Mar 2019- Available at www.ijraset.com

Bernoulli’s Differential Equation for Linear and


Non-Linear Equation with Fluid Flow
Sruthi. B1, Gayathri Devi. K2, Jothi. K3
1 2, 3
Assistant professor, PG scholar, Sri Krishna Arts and Science college, Department of Mathematics, Coimbatore 641 008, Tamil
Nadu, India

Abstract: The Bernoulli equation is an approximate relation between pressure, velocity and elevation. Bernoulli’s principle can
be applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in various forms of Bernoulli equation. The simple form of Bernoulli’s
equation is valid for incompressible flows. ”Bernoulli’s differential equation for linear and non-linear equation with fluid flow”,
in this paper we discussed about how the fluid flow will be in case of both linear and non-linear equation. For that, we are
solving first order non-linear Bernoulli differential equation to the linear form, and also solving second order differential
equation. From that we are concluded the fluid flow.
Index Terms: Bernoulli’s differential equation, change of variable, integrating factor, steady flow, turbulence flow.

I. INTRODUCTION
Fluid dynamics is "the branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases". Fluid dynamics is one
of two branches of fluid mechanics, which is the study of fluids and how forces affect them. Bernoulli's principle can be derived
from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid along a
streamline is the same at all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal
energy remains constant. Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's Second Law of Motion. If a small
volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure
behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. Hear we are using differential
equation to solve Bernoulli’s linear and non-linear equation to determine the flow type.

A. Bernoulli Differential Equation


The Bernoulli differential equation is an equation of the form + ( ) = ( ) . Where p(x) and q(x) are continuous
functions on the interval and α is a real number. This is a first order non-linear differential equation .The Bernoulli equation was one
of the first differential equations to be solved, and is still one of very few non-linear differential equations that can be solved
explicitly. Most other such equations either have no solutions, or solutions that cannot be written in a closed form, but the Bernoulli
equation is an exception

B. Derivation Of First Order And Second Order Linear And Non-Linear Differential Equation
A generalized form of the linear equation that can be solved, is the Bernoulli differential equation

+ ( ) = ( )

1) When =0, the Bernoulli equation becomes + ( ) = ( ) which is linear.


2) When =1, the Bernoulli equation becomes + ( ) = ( ) that is + [ ( ) − ( ) ] = 0 , which is both separable
and linear.
3) When ≠0 and ≠1, the Bernoulli equation is non-linear.
a) Case:1
The Bernoulli equation + ( ) = ( ) can be solved by the change of variable v=
Proof
When =0 and =1, the given equation becomes linear and it is easy to solve.
v=
= (1 − ) ′
=(1- ) [− ( ) + ( ) ]

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 633


International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 7 Issue III, Mar 2019- Available at www.ijraset.com

=(1- )(-p +q)


=(1- )[-p(x)v+q(x)]
The given equation turns to be
+ (1 − ) ( ) = (1 − ) ( ) -------(1) -
Which is linear.
Introducing integrating factor,
( ) = ( )∫ ( )
Multiplying the given equation by the integrating factor I(x), we get
( ) + ( )(1 − ) ( ) = ( )(1 − ) ( )
We write,
+ (1 − ) = (1 − )
= (1 − )
= (1 − ) ()
Since,
V= ∫ ()
=(1- ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫( ( )∫ ( )
)dx
Express it in terms of y by using v= .
(ie) =(1- ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫( ( )
dx
( )∫ ( ) ( ) ∫( ( ) \
y={(1- ) ∫( ) }
From the solution of the linear equation is approximately have a same interval value in each substitution. Hence, from this the
velocity is constant at any point in the tube or channel. Since the fluid is steady. One result of laminar flow is that the velocity of the
fluid is constant at any point in the fluid. so, the flow is laminar also. In this case, the fluid is essentially incompressible and that the
flow is steady.
b) Case:2
When ≠0 and ≠1, the Bernoulli equation is non-linear.
Proof:
+ ( ) = ( ) ℎ =2
Differentiate with respect to x,
+ + = (2 ) + ′
+ + −2 − =0
+( −2 ) +( − ) =0
+( −2 ) +( − ) =0
Introduce as a constant term of the above equation

Hence the equation becomes,


+( −2 ) +( − ) =
= 1; = −2 ; =( − )
( )± ( )
=
( ) ( )
= −( − 2 )±
Squaring on both sides,
( ) ±( )
=
( +4 −4 )±( +4 −4 )−4 +4 ′
=
4
For the plus term we have,
( + √2 − √2 −2 +2 ′)
=
2

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 634


International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 7 Issue III, Mar 2019- Available at www.ijraset.com

+ √2 ( − )−2 ( + )
=±
2
For negative term we have,
(−4 +4 )
=
4
= − ′
=± ( − )
(For an easiest simplification take negative term value)
The roots are real and distinct,
( )x ( )x
C.F= +
. = ( ) ( )
Substitute =− and differentiate with respect to x
1
=
−(2 − ) + ( −2 −2 + − ′ )

=
(1 + ) − (2 + ) − ( −4 +2 + 4)
ℎ ,

=
(1 + )( + ) − ( − 2) – +2 ′
ℎ ℎ ,
= . + .

( ) x ( )x
= + +( )( ) ( ) –
From the solution of the non-linear equation is approximately have a different interval value in each substitution. Hence, the
velocity is different for the fluid. From this fluid flow is turbulent. If velocity vectors components of fluid elements are not the
functions of the time, the flow is called non-linear. Above a certain speed, the flow becomes turbulent.

II. CONCLUSION
Thus in this paper we have discussed about the Bernoulli differential equation for the fluid flow in case of both linear and non-linear
differential equation and we conclude that the flow is steady and laminar for linear and the flow is turbulent for non-linear.

REFERENCES
A. Thavamani,J.P.2016.”Bernoulli equation in fluid flow” , International journal of current Research,8,(10),40459-40461.
B. Volkenstein, Mikhail V. (2009). Entropy and Information (illustrated.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 20. ISBN 978-3-0346-0078-1.
C. Acheson, D.J.(1976) An introduction of Fluid dynamics, Clarendon press, ISBN 0-19-859679-0
D. Priyadharsini.S, K.Chitra, T.S Shri Nandhini and A.Madhumathi radiation effect on MHD oscillatory flow through a porous medium with the effect of
section/injection, International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering and Science, Vol 4 Issue 01, Jan 2018.ISSN 2455-2585.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 635

You might also like