Q) Write a java program to find out N-th element of fibonacci series?

fibonacci sequence : 0 1 1 2 3 5 8

Input:
4

output:
2

ex:
---
import java.util.Scanner;
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the number :");
int n=sc.nextInt(); // 4

//caller method
System.out.println(fib(n));
}

//callie method
public static int fib(int n)
{
if(n==0 || n==1)
return 0;

if(n==2)
return 1;

return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2);
}
}

Arrays
=======
Array is a collection of homogeneous data elements.

The main advantages of arrays are

1) We can represent multiple elements using single variable name.

ex:
int[] arr={10,20,30};

2) Performance point of view arrays are recommanded to use.

The main disadvantages of arrays are

1) It is fixed in the size.Once if we create an array there is no chance of

increase or decreasing
the size of an array.

2) To use array concept in advanced we should know what is the size of array which
is always not
possible.
In java, arrays are divided into three types .

1) Single Dimensional Array

2) Double Dimensional Array

3) Multi Dimensional Array

Array Declaration
-----------------
At the time of array declaration we should not specify array size.

Arrays
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
Single Dimensional Array Double Dimensional Array Multi Dimensional
Array

int[] arr; int[][] arr; int[][][] arr;

int []arr; int [][]arr; int [][][]arr;
int arr[]; int ar[][]; int arr[][][];
int[] []arr; int[][] []arr;
int[] arr[]; int[][] arr[];
int []arr[]; int[] [][]ar;
int[] arr[][];
int[] []arr[];
int [][]arr[];
int []arr[][];

Array creation
--------------
In java, every array consider as an object.Hence we will use new operator to create
an array.

Diagram: class26.1

Rules to construct an array:

----------------------------

Rule1:
-----
At the time of array creation compulsary we need to specify array size.
ex:
int[] arr=new int[3];

int[] arr=new int[]; // C.T.E array dimension missing

Rule2:
-----
It is legal to have an array size with zero.
ex:
int[] arr=new int[0];
System.out.println(arr.length);

Rule3:
-----
We can't take negative numbers as an array size otherwise we will get
NegativeArraySizeException.
 ex:
int[] arr=new int[-3]; //R.E NegativeArraySizeException

Rule4:
-----
The allowed datatype for an array size is byte,short,int and char.
If we take other datatyps then we will get compile time error.
ex:
int[] arr=new int['a']; //97

byte b=10;
int[] arr=new int[b]; // 10

int[] arr=new int[10.5]; //invalid

Rule5:
-----
The maximum length we can give for an array size is maximum length of
integer.
ex:
int[] arr=new int[2147483647];

Array initialization
-------------------
Whenever we create an array , every array element will be initialized with default
vlaues.

IF we are not happing with default values then we can change with customized
values.

Diagram: class26.2

Array Declaration , Creation and Initialization using single line

------------------------------------------------------------------

int[] arr;
arr=new int[3];
arr[0]=10;
arr[1]=20;
arr[2]=30; ===> int[] arr={10,20,30};

===> char[] carr={'a','b','c'};

===> String[] sarr={"hi","hello","bye"};

Q) What is the difference between length and length() method?

length
------
It is a final variable which is applicable for arrays.

It will return size of an array.

ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] arr=new int[3];
System.out.println(arr.length); //3
}

length()
--------
It is a final method which is applicable for String objects.

It will return number of characters present in String.

ex:
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str="ihub";
System.out.println(str.length()); //4
}

Single Dimensional Array Programs

----------------------------------

Q) Write a java program to insert some elements in array and display them?

import java.util.Scanner;
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the array size :");
int size=sc.nextInt(); //4

int[] arr=new int[size];

//insert elements
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter the element :");
arr[i]=sc.nextInt();
}

//display elements
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
{
System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
}
}

}
iv) for each loop
==================
It is used to iterate the elements from array.

ex:
--
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] arr={10,20,30};

//for each loop

for(int i:arr)
{
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
}