Solution:
Given: a = 12, b = -4, c = 2 To verify: a ÷ (b + c) ≠ (a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c)
Left-hand side: a ÷ (b + c) = 12 ÷ (-4 + 2) = 12 ÷ (-2) = -6 Right-hand side: (a ÷ b) + (a ÷ c) = (12 ÷ -4) + (12 ÷
2) = -3 + 6 = 3
Since -6 ≠ 3, the given statement is verified.
The temperature at 12 noon was 10°C above zero. At what time the temperature will be 8°C below
0°C, if it decreases at the rate of 2°C ? If it decreases at the rate of 2°C per hour till midnight, what
would be the temperature at mid-night ?
Solution:
Given: Initial temperature = 10°C, Decrease rate = 2°C/hour To find: Time to reach -8°C, Temperature at
midnight
Temperature decrease to -8°C: Total temperature decrease = 10°C + 8°C = 18°C Time taken = 18°C ÷
2°C/hour = 9 hours Therefore, the temperature will be -8°C at 9 PM.
Temperature at midnight: Total hours from 12 noon to midnight = 12 hours Temperature decrease = 12
hours * 2°C/hour = 24°C Temperature at midnight = 10°C - 24°C = -14°C
In a class test (+3) marks are given for every correct answer and (–2) marks are given for every
incorrect answer and no marks for not attempting any questions. (i) Ram scored 20 marks. If he has
got 12 correct answers, how many questions has he attempted incorrectly ? (ii) Mohan scores –5
marks in the test though he has written 7 correct answers. How many questions has he attempted
incorrectly ?
Solution:
Given: Marks for correct answer = 3, Marks for incorrect answer = -2 To find: Number of incorrect
answers for Ram and Mohan
(i) Ram: Total marks = 20 Correct answers = 12 Marks from correct answers = 12 * 3 = 36 Marks from
incorrect answers = 20 - 36 = -16 Number of incorrect answers = -16 ÷ -2 = 8
(ii) Mohan: Total marks = -5 Correct answers = 7 Marks from correct answers = 7 * 3 = 21 Marks from
incorrect answers = -5 - 21 = -26 Number of incorrect answers = -26 ÷ -2 = 13
Verify a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c for the following:
(i) a = 2, b = 0, c = –9
(ii) a = 34, b = 90, c = –1
Solution:
(i) a = 2, b = 0, c = –9
L.H.S = a + (b + c) = 2 + (0 + 9)
= 2 + 9 = 11
R.H.S = (a + b) + c = (2 + 0) + 9
= 2 + 9 = 11
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
(ii) a = 34, b = 90, c = –1
L.H.S = a + (b + c) = 34 + {90 + (–1)}
34 + {90 – 1}
= 34 + 89 = 123
R.H.S = (a + b) + c = (34 + 90) + (–1)
= 124 + (–1)
= 124 – 1 = 123
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
Evaluate using properties:
(i) 89 – 58 + 28 – (–32)
(ii) 193 + 208 – {29 – (367)}
(iii) 56 – 34 + 235 – (123)
(iv) (84 – 34) × (84 + 45)
Solution:
(i) 89 – 58 + 28 – (–32)
= 89 – 58 + 28 + 32
= 89 – 58 + (28 + 32) {associativity}
= 89 – 58 + 60
= (89 + 60) – 58 {commutativity and associativity}
= 149 – 58 = 91
(ii) 193 + 208 – {29 – (367)}
= 193 + 208 – {29 – 367}
= 193 + 208 – (–338)
= 193 + 208 + 338
= (193 + 208) + 338 {associativity}
= 401 + 338 = 739.
(iii) 56 – 34 + 235 – (123)
= 56 – 34 + 235 – 123
= (56 + 235) – (34 + 123) {commutativity and associativity}
= 291 – 157
= 134
(iv) (84 – 34) × (84 + 45)
= {84 + (–34)} × (84 + 45)
= 84 × (–34 + 45) {distributivity of multiplication over addition}
= 84 × 11
= 924
Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ for the following:
(i) Zero is the smallest integer.
(ii) –10 is smaller than –7.
(iii) 1 is the smallest positive integer.
(iv) –1 is the smallest negative integer.
(v) Sum of two negative integers is a positive integer.
Solution:
(i) Zero is the smallest integer. (False)
(ii) –10 is smaller than –7. (True)
(iii) 1 is the smallest positive integer. (True)
(iv) –1 is the smallest negative integer. (False)
(v) Sum of two negative integers is a positive integer. (False)
Question 6: Evaluate:
(i) (–4) × (–15) × (–33)
(ii) (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × … 100 times
(iii) (–7) × (–4) × 5
Solution:
(i) (–4) × (–15) × (–33)
= – (4 × 15 × 33)
= – 1980.
(ii) (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × … 100 times
= (– 1)100
= 1 {∵ 100 is an even number}
(iii) (–7) × (–4) × 5
= (7 × 4) × 5
= 28 × 5
= 140
In a class test containing 20 questions, 5 marks are awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks is
deducted for each wrong answer. If Riya get 15 correct answers out of all the questions attempted.
What is her total score?
Solution:
Number of questions = 20
Marks awarded for corrected answer = 5
Marks awarded for wrong answer = –2
Number questions attempted correctly = 15
Number questions not attempted correctly = 5
Her total score = (15 × 5) + (–2 × 5) = 75 – 10 = 65
A water tank has steps inside it. A monkey is sitting on the toppest step (i.e., the first step). The water
level is at the ninth step.
(i) He jumps 3 steps down and then jumps 2 steps up. If he continues in this way, in how many jumps
will he reach the water level ?
(ii) After drinking water, he wants to go back, for this he jumps 4 steps up and then jumps 2 steps
down in every move. In how many jumps will he reach back the top step ?
Solution:
(i) Initially, the monkey was at step = 1
After 1st jump, the monkey will be at step = 1 + 3 = 4
After 2nd jump, the monkey will be at step = 4 + (−2) = 2
After 3rd jump, the monkey will be at step = 2 + 3 = 5
After 4th jump, the monkey will be at step = 5 + (−2) = 3
After 5th jump, the monkey will be at step = 3 + 3 = 6
After 6th jump, the monkey will be at step = 6 + (−2) = 4
After 7th jump, the monkey will be at step = 4 + 3 = 7
After 8th jump, the monkey will be at step = 7 + (−2) = 5
After 9th jump, the monkey will be at step = 5 + 3 = 8
After 10th jump, the monkey will be at step = 8 + (−2) = 6
After 11th jump, the monkey will be at step = 6 + 3 = 9
Clearly, the monkey will be at water level (i.e., 9th step) after 11 jumps.
(ii) Initially, the monkey was at step = 9
After 1st jump, the monkey will be at step = 9 + (−4) = 5
After 2nd jump, the monkey will be at step = 5 + 2 = 7
After 3rd jump, the monkey will be at step = 7 + (− 4) = 3
After 4th jump, the monkey will be at step = 3 + 2 = 5
After 5th jump, the monkey will be at step = 5 + (− 4) = 1
Clearly, the monkey will reach back at the top step after 5 jumps.
An elevator descends at the rate of 4 m/min. If the elevator start descending 25 m above the ground
level, how long will it take to cover –450 m? ‘
Solution:
Given, the elevator is at 25 m above the ground level and have to reach 450 m below the ground level.
Distance have to be covered = 25 – (–450) = 475 m
Speed of the elevator = 4 m/min
Time taken = 475/4 = 118.75 min.
Julius Caesar was born in 100 B.C. and was 66 years old when he died. In which year did he die?
Solution:
Julius Caesar's Year of Death
• Given: Julius Caesar was born in 100 B.C. and lived for 66 years.
• To find: The year he died.
• Calculation: 100 B.C. + 66 years = 36 B.C.
Therefore, Julius Caesar died in 36 B.C.
A certain freezing process requires that room temperature be lowered from 43°C at the rate of 8°C
every hour. What will be the room temperature 6 hours after the process begins ?
Solution:
• Given: Initial temperature = 43°C, rate of decrease = 8°C/hour.
• To find: Temperature after 6 hours.
• Calculation: Temperature decrease in 6 hours = 6 hours * 8°C/hour = 48°C Final temperature =
43°C - 48°C = -5°C
Therefore, the room temperature will be -5°C after 6 hours.
The temperature at 12 noon was 15°C above zero. If it decreases at the rate of 3°C per hour until
midnight, at what time would the temperature be 9°C below zero ?
Solution:
• Given: Initial temperature = 15°C, rate of decrease = 3°C/hour, final temperature = -9°C.
• To find: Time elapsed.
• Calculation: Total temperature change = 15°C - (-9°C) = 24°C Time elapsed = 24°C / 3°C/hour = 8
hours
Therefore, the temperature will be -9°C below zero 8 hours after 12 noon, which is 8 PM.
What number should be added to the sum of 345 and 67 to make it equal to the smallest 3-digit
number?
Solution:
Smallest 3-digit number = 100
Now, 345 + 67 = 412
412 – 100 = 312
Thus, 412 + (–312) = 100
During summer, the temperature within a room is 37 o C. If an air conditioner cools the room by
5o C/min. What will be the temperature of the room after 5 minutes of switching on the air
conditioner?
Solution:
Temperature of the room before switching on the air conditioner = 37 oC
Rate of cooling = –5o c/min
Temperature of the room after switching on the air conditioner for 5 min = 37 – (5 × 5)
= 37 – 25 = 12oC.
