KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)
NAMAKKAL- TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Academic Year (2024-25 Odd Semester)
ASSIGNMENT-II
Subject Code/Name: 20EE701PE / Power System Transients
Year/Sem: IV / VII
Given Date: 12.08.2024 Submission Date:04.09.2024
S.No Register No. Student Name Assignment Topics CO's Blooms
A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 40Ω.
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge, Ap
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the CO3
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
1. 621321105001 Aadhi kesavan P
How lightning Overvoltages occur? What are the effects of it? Explain how the charges
A
formed in clouds with neat sketch.
Draw the lumped element representation of a two wire transmission line and write the
CO4 U
expression for various transmission line parameters and its characteristics.
How overvoltages are classified? List various causes of overvoltage with relevant to
frequency and time period and draw the wave form for a temporary overvoltage caused by CO5 A
a L-G fault.
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
2. 621321105002 Aarthi R 60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. CO3 Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
 Based on Wilson and Simpsons theory state and prove how charge formation in
U
thundercloud is occur and write the expression for rate of charging of thunder clouds.
A transmission line of surge impedance 400Ω, is terminated in a load that can be
represented by a parallel LC combination with the following values.
L=2.5H C=0.01µF CO4 E
A step voltage wave of 500kV travels along the line and arrives at the load. Compute the
load voltage 5µS after the surge arrives.
What are the various switching surges in power system? With neat illustration and
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waveform explain the surges in power system during line energization.
Draw the diagram shows the propagation of pilot streamer and the corresponding stepped
leader towards earth during the process of lightning and explain the mechanism of E
lightning.
The towers of a transmission line are 108m tall and spaced 500m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 320Ω. The surge impedance of the CO3
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 2.5µS. Ap
3. 621321105003 Abisheik T Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.55µs after the lightning contacts the
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 35Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Derive the expression for traveling wave equation and obtain the partial differential
CO4 E
equations of voltages and currents for distributed and lumped parameter line.
When a purely inductive load in a AC circuit interrupts current and draw the waveforms
for current zero and TRV in the circuit and state the various switching transients in power CO5 U
system.
A transmission tower is 10m height and has a surge impedance of 15Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at its peak. The coupling factor of this ground wire
to the phase conductor is 0.50. the effective tower
footing resistance is 100Ω. A lightning stroke
with the current shown in fig. strikes the tower.
Calculate the initial rate of rise of the tower
4. 621321105004 Akash S CO3 Ap
potential (kV/µS). Assume surge impedance of
lightning path=1500Ω, surge impedance of
ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the
tower = 240m/µS and velocity of surges on the
conductors = 290m/µS.
 How ground wires are used to protect the power system against lightning? Draw the
arrangement of overhead line by ground wires and list various effects of ground wire on A
OHT line.
Consider a transmission line which has series and shunt lumped parameters and terminated
with a load impedance derive the expression for voltage and current travelling wave for CO4 U
step input.
Draw the equivalent circuit diagram for multi-frequency TRV and state its effects on load
side and source side and list the effects of double frequency nature of the TRV with source CO5 U
and load side components.
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Write the characteristics of tower impedance and tower footing impedance and draw the
5. 621321105005 Akshaya N
model and discuss in details how protection of OHT line is done by selecting proper tower A
footing impedance?
Consider a transmission line which has series and shunt distributed parameters and
terminated with a load impedance derive the expression for voltage and current travelling CO4 U
wave for step input.
Obtain the expression for fault current in short line fault with the help of neat illustration
and develop the waveforms for TRV in both source and load side and explain the concept CO5 E
kilometric fault.
What is isokeranuic level? Draw a 8/20µSec lightning current waveform and develop the
A
mathematical modelling of lightning voltage and current.
A transmission tower is 100m height and has a surge
impedance of 150Ω. it is joined to its adjacent towers by a
single ground wire at its peak. The coupling factor of this
6. 621321105006 Anandan P ground wire to the phase conductor is 0.75. the effective CO3
tower footing resistance is 100Ω. A lightning stroke with
Ap
the current shown in fig. strikes the tower. Calculate the
initial rate of rise of the tower potential (kV/µS). Assume
surge impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge
impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the tower = 240m/µS and velocity
of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
 The available fault current at a particular 345kV, three-phase is 38k/a RMS symmetrical. A
fault occurs at a point on a transmission line, 1km from the bus which results in a fault
current of only 33.7kA. The fault is removed by a CB. At the instant of current interruption CO4 Ap
the voltage on the affected phase is 188kV. Calculate the voltage at a point half way
between the bus and the fault, 15µS after the current interruption.
Develop the single line equivalent circuit during kilometric fault and show the distribution
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of voltage in a power system during short line faults by using travelling wave concept.
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 320Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 235Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
7. 621321105007 Aneesh S How measurements of stroke current and wave shape of lightning current is done in
A
laboratories for analysing the characteristics of lightning stroke.
Develop the standing-wave patterns of voltage and current for a lossless transmission line
terminated in complex load impedance and clearly state the standing wave concepts of an CO4 E
open ended transmission line.
What is meant by load rejection and line dropping? How overvoltages occur during load
CO5 A
rejection? List the major components for the phenomena that occur after load rejection.

What are the different types of lightning strokes? With an example for typical overvoltage
E
how the direct strike on MV line during lightning mechanism.
A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing CO3
8. 621321105008 Anushiya T resistance is 40Ω.
Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 2050kV. A coupling factor 0.6 with the
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
A long transmission line is energised by a unit step voltage of 1.0 V at the sending end and
CO4 Ap
is open circuited at the receiving end. Develop the Bewely’s lattice diagram and obtain the
 value of the voltage at the receiving end after a long time. At the time of closing the
voltage is at a positive peak, the line has a trapped charge so that its voltage is -0.5𝑉𝑝 .
Determine the current in the resistor 20µs after the switch closed. What will be the initial
rate of rise of the surge voltage when it reaches the far end of the line.?
Draw the circuit diagram for single phase closing surges suppression by resistor closing.
Develop the waveforms for a three phase line with closing surges on un-transposed line CO5 U
for no closing resistor and resistor closing.
The towers of a transmission line are 88m tall and spaced 180m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 420Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 200m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 35Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
9. 621321105009 Arun R Draw the schematic arrangement for a 230kV overhead transmission line with ground wire
and state the various factor contributing to good line design and list the factors to be Ap
considered for good line design.

Explain the step involved in Bewely’s lattice diagram construction with an example. CO4 R

What are the various parameters on closing surge and explain in detail the reduction of
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overvoltages in closing and reclosing operation on transmission lines.
The towers of a transmission line are 100m tall and spaced 550m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 25kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
10. 621321105011 Brundha R
Discuss the different theories of charge formation of thunder clouds. U

Consider a lossless transmission line and obtain the solution for voltage and current
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travelling wave.
Draw the representation of fault surge on an 1100kV circuit and the waveform for fault
CO5 Ap
surge measured in actual EHV line due to overvoltage induced by faults.
 The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 480m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 620Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 235Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 2500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
List the various factors to be considered for design of good line. Explain the various
U
11. 621321105012 Chandhira Mouli K methods of protection of overhead line.
An OHT has an impedance of 1.08µH and a capacitance of 10.56pF per metre length; its
towers are spaced 200m apart. A surge, which from an absorber at a particular tower can
4 5
be described by V(t)=750(𝑒 −2×10 𝑡 − 𝑒 −10 𝑡 )kV, travels down the line. At a particular CO4 Ap
instant the surge has just reached a tower we will designate tower A. how far back along
the line from tower A will the peak of the surge be at that instant? What will be the value
of the surge voltage ten towers back from tower A?
Explain the effect of line transposition sound circuit voltage on a transposed and un-
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transposed line by Overvoltage due to fault clearing surge.
A transmission tower is 70m height and has a surge
impedance of 500Ω. it is joined to its adjacent towers by a
single ground wire at its peak. The coupling factor of this
ground wire to the phase conductor is 0.45. the effective
tower footing resistance is 40Ω. A lightning stroke with the Ap
current shown in fig. strikes the tower. Calculate the initial CO3
rate of rise of the tower potential (kV/µS). Assume surge
impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of
surges on the tower = 240m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
12. 621321105013 Devakumar L Discuss about cloud and charge formation with the aid of various theories. E
A surge travelling along an OHT line is approaching a junction with an underground cable.
The characteristics of the line and cable are as follows:
Overhead line: 1.208µH/m 9.32pF/m
Cable: 0.201µH/m 196.2pF/m CO4 Ap
The surge be described by V(t)=800𝑒 25,000𝑡 . Determine the voltage 5km from the /cable
junction on the line side, and the current 2km from the line/cable side, 25µs after the surge
reaches the junction.
What is the basic theory behind EMTP? Explain how the voltage, current source,
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Inductance and capacitance representation in EMTP program?
 Investigate the mechanism of lightning phenomenon and also interrupt about steeped
A
leader.
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current CO3
rises to a peak of 50kA in 2.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.65µs after the lightning contacts the
13. 621321105014 Dhanasekaran A
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 80% of the speed of light.
Draw the Lattice diagram showing the reflections and the refractions of the travelling
waves of a circuit breaker closing on a series connection of an unloaded overhead line, an CO4 U
unloaded cable, and an unloaded distribution transformer.
With the help of example system representing generating and switching stations develop
CO5 U
the response of a ramp current with and without capacitance derive necessary equations.
With neat diagram, explain protection offered by ground wires. U
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of CO3
60kA in 3µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
14. 621321105015 Dhanush R after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 340Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
A solidly grounded 345kV bus can be represented by a source in series with an inductance
of 18mH. A breaker, connected to the bus, is closed onto a transmission line of surge CO4 Ap
impedance 320Ω through a resistor of 300Ω. The remote end of the line is open-circuited.
Develop the equivalent circuit during load rejection and explain various events in power
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system leading to the generation of temporary over voltages.
A transmission tower is 10m height and has a surge impedance
of 150 Ω. it is joined to its adjacent towers by a single ground
wire at its peak. The coupling factor of this ground wire to the
phase conductor is 0.25. the effective tower footing resistance
15. 621321105016 Dharanidharan N is 40Ω. A lightning stroke with the current shown in fig. CO3 Ap
strikes the tower. Calculate the initial rate of rise of the tower
potential (kV/µS). Assume surge impedance of lightning
path=2000Ω, surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the tower =
240m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
 Derive and explain the mathematical model for lighting. U
1 𝑍0
Evaluate the step response of a lossless transmission line at x = 𝑥1 = 4 for 𝑅𝑠 = 2 and 𝑅𝐿 =
5𝑍0 (a) voltage response, (b) current response. by plotting Bewely's Lattice Diagram with CO4 E
unmatched terminations.
Mention the computational procedure of transient analysis programs nodal equations with
the help of neat flow chart and state the qualitative application of electromagnetic CO5 E
transients program.
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 440Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond CO3
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
16. 621321105017 Dharshana R Analyze the factors that contribute to good line design. A
The conductors of a single phase line are 4cm in diameter. They are located 4m apart and
8m above ground. The ground conductivity is such that the ground plane for the magnetic
CO4 Ap
field is 15m below the true earth surface. Calculate the wave velocities for line and ground
modes on this circuit.
Draw the circuit diagram for single phase closing surges suppression by using Arrester.
Develop the waveforms for a suppression of closing surge overvoltage by a ZnO Arrester CO5 U
and also list the effects of reflecting overvoltage.
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
CO3
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
17. 621321105018 Dharshini V
Explain in detail the Wilson and Simpson theories. U
Clearly mention the following in associated with travelling wave when the line is
open/short circited when:
(i) Line terminated by resistance CO4 U
(ii) Line terminated by inductance
(iii) Line terminated by capacitance
Explain in detail the steps involved in computing transients in power system using EMTP. CO5 E
 A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 55kA in 1µs strikes a 30m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 40Ω.
Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge, CO3
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the
18. 621321105019 Dharun R
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
What are the theories of charge formation in the clouds, Explain them in detail. U
Evaluate the value of current in a transmission line considering its series and shunt lumped
CO4 E
parameters.
Explain in detail about line dropping and load rejection. CO5 U
The towers of a transmission line are 100m tall and spaced 500m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 420Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 40kA in 2.5µS. Ap
CO3
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
19. 621321105020 Dhayalan V
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 35Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Sketch the characteristics of lightning stroke. U
Discuss elaborately on reflection and refraction of travelling wave. CO4 R
Discuss in detail about EMTP for the applications of transient computation. CO5 U
The towers of a transmission line are 68m tall and spaced 100m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 2.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
20. 621321105021 Dinesh Murugan P resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Demonstrate the formation thunder clouds with the aid of various theories. E

Develop wave equation of travelling waves in transmission lines. CO4 E

Discuss about the distribution of voltage in a power system. Derive the voltage transient on
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closing lines.
A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 55kA in 5µs strikes a 30m tower on a
21. 621321105022 Gayathiri S CO3 Ap
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
 surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 40Ω.
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
Elaborate in detail the factors that contribute to good line design. U
Describe the transient response of systems with series and shunt distributed parameters. CO4 E
Analyze the computation of Transients in power system using EMTP. CO5 A
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 500m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 55Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
CO3
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
22. 621321105023 Girieshwaran S channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
Evaluate the interaction between lightning and power system. E
Analyze the phenomenon of current interruption in a lumped capacitive circuit and a
CO4 A
distributed constant transmission lines.
Examine the switching surges in a power system and also outline the concept of line
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dropping and load rejection in an power system.
A transmission tower is 30m height and has a surge impedance of 150 Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at its peak.
The coupling factor of this ground wire to the phase
conductor is 0.50. the effective tower footing
resistance is 60Ω. A lightning stroke with the current
Ap
shown in fig. strikes the tower. Calculate the initial CO3
rate of rise of the tower potential (kV/µS). Assume
23. 621321105025 Gowtham N surge impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge
impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges
on the tower = 340m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 390m/µS.
Derive an expression for the mathematical model for lightning. E
A long transmission line is energized by a unit step voltage 1.0 V at the sending end and is
open Circuited at the receiving end. Develop the Bewley’s Lattice diagram and obtain the
CO4 Ap
value of the voltage at the receiving end after a long time. Take the attenuation factor α
=0.8.
 Interpret the need for simulation studies. Also describe the key points of EMTP software
CO5
and the steps involved to do a simulation study of a sample power system.
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond CO3
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
24. 621321105026 Hari Gokul V
Explain the mechanism of lightning discharge and concept of footing resistance. U

Analyze the phenomenon of current interruption in a lumped capacitive circuit and a

CO4 A
distributed constant transmission lines.

Develop an expression for response and recovery voltage of a shorted line. CO5 E

The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 335Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 60kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
25. 621321105027 Hariharan S
What are the factors that contribute to good line design? Discuss in detail. U

With neat diagrams discuss the behaviour of a travelling wave when it reaches the end of i)
CO4 U
open circuited transmission line ii)Short circuited transmission line.

Discuss the causes of transients on closing and reclosing of transmission lines. CO5 E

A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 620Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
26. 621321105029 Heama Chandran V CO3 Ap
resistance is 30Ω.
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the
 phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
How the ground wires protect the transmission line from lightning transients? Explain. A

Explore the steps involved in Bewely’s lattice diagram construction with an example. CO4 E

Discuss in detail about the switching surges on an integrated power system. CO5 U
A transmission tower is 50m height and has a surge impedance of 500.1Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at
its peak. The coupling factor of this ground
wire to the phase conductor is 0.35. the
effective tower footing resistance is 60Ω. A
lightning stroke with the current shown in
fig. strikes the tower. Calculate the initial Ap
rate of rise of the tower potential (kV/µS). CO3
Assume surge impedance of lightning
path=1500Ω, surge impedance of ground
27. 621321105030 Karthik S wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the tower =
240m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.

What are the two theories of charge formation in the clouds explain them in detail. U

Discuss and drive transient response of systems with series and shunt lumped parameters
CO4 R
and Distributed lines.

Evaluate the reflection and transmission coefficient in an integrated power system. CO5 E

The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 640Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 35Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
28. 621321105031 Kavya S Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond CO3
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.

Explain about grounding a line structure and protection offered by ground wires. U
 Obtain the value of current in a transmission line considering its series and shunt lumped. CO4 E

Describe in detail about the causes of over voltages induced by various faults occurring in
CO5 U
a power System.
Explain the mechanisms by which lightning strokes develop and induce over voltages on
U
overhead power line.
The towers of a transmission line are 68m tall and spaced 480m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 420Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 235Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current CO3
rises to a peak of 60kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Keerthana Shivani Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
29. 621321105032
C ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Analyze the phenomenon of current interruption in a lumped capacitive circuit and a
CO4 A
distributed constant transmission lines.
Discuss in detail about kilometric fault with necessary diagrams, expression and voltage
CO5 U
and recovery voltage wave forms.

With a neat diagram, explain the protection offered by ground wires. U

CO3
Differentiate between direct and indirect lightning strokes. A
30. 621321105033 Keerthyvarman M
Derive the reflection and refraction co efficient of a travelling wave with diagrams. CO4 E

Explain the voltage transients on closing and reclosing of lines and switching surges on
CO5 U
integrated system.
A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 65kA in 1µs strikes a 50m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 40Ω.
Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
31. 621321105034 Kishore Kumar P assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.6 with the CO3
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
Explain the mathematical models for lightning discharges and explain them. E
 Describe briefly about standing waves and Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and natural
CO4 U
frequency.

Explore the algorithm used for computation of transient voltages in EMTP. CO5 E

A transmission tower is 100m height and has a

surge impedance of 500.1Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at its
peak. The coupling factor of this ground wire
to the phase conductor is 0.25. the effective
tower footing resistance is 40Ω. A lightning
Ap
stroke with the current shown in fig. strikes the CO3
tower. Calculate the initial rate of rise of the
32. 621321105035 Leiyash M tower potential (kV/µS). Assume surge
impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge
impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the tower = 240m/µS and velocity
of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
With a neat diagram explain the protection offered by ground wires. U

Examine the behaviour of travelling waves at open circuited transmission line. CO4 E

Explore the algorithm used for computation of transient voltages in EMTP. CO5 A

Explain the counter poise method of protection. U

Propose and discuss the design methods, selection procedure and importance of various CO3
E
protective elements should be used in power systems against transients.
33. 621321105036 Logeshkumar S
Describe the transient response of systems with series and shunt distributed parameters. CO4 U
With a suitable illustration discuss computation mechanism and algorithms for analysing
CO5 A
the transients in integrated power systems.
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
CO3
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
34. 621321105037 Maha Lakshmi N
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 70% of the speed of light.
Derive the expression for mathematical model for lightning and lightning current model. E
Develop wave equation of travelling waves in transmission lines. CO4 E
Evaluate the reflection and transmission coefficient in an integrated power system. CO5 E
 A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 40Ω.
Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge, CO3
35. 621321105038 Mahilmithran RS assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.8 with the
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
Describe the characteristics of lightning strokes with neat graph. U
Explain multi-conductor system of travelling waves in transmission lines. CO4 U
Describe the causes of over voltages induced by various faults in a power system. CO5 E
Analyze the lightning mechanism with necessary sketches. A
CO3
Explain in detail the theory proposed by Wilson on formation of clouds. E
36. 621321105039 Manoj A
Examine multi-velocity waves of travelling waves in transmission lines. CO4 E
Explain in detail about the switching surges on an integrated power system. CO5 U
The towers of a transmission line are 50m tall and spaced 500m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 440Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 55Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 5µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond CO3
37. 621321105040 Mouleeswaran K after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
Explain in detail the theory proposed by Simpson on formation of clouds. U
Discuss elaborately on reflection and refraction of travelling wave. CO4 E
Explain in detail the closing surge suppression by resistor and an arrester. CO5 U
Describe the process that leads to the charging of thunderclouds. U
CO3
Explain the mechanism of lightning discharge in terms of ionization. E
38. 621321105041 Naveen C Draw the step response of a travelling wave. Explain it by using Bewely’s lattice diagram. CO4 E
Interrupt the need for simulation studies. Also describe the key points of EMTP software
CO5 A
and steps involved to do a simulation study of a sample power system.
A transmission tower is 50m height and has a surge
impedance of 250.1Ω. it is joined to its adjacent towers by a
single ground wire at its peak. The coupling factor of this
39. 621321105042 Parthib Ram S ground wire to the phase conductor is 0.25. the effective CO3 Ap
tower footing resistance is 40Ω. A lightning stroke with the
current shown in fig. strikes the tower. Calculate the initial
rate of rise of the tower potential (kV/µS). Assume surge
 impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of
surges on the tower = 240m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
Explain how the rate of charge formation in thunderclouds affects the likelihood of
U
lightning discharges.
Evaluate the value of current in a transmission line considering its series and shunt lumped
CO4 E
parameters.
Examine the switching surges in a power system and also outline the concept of line
CO5 A
dropping and load rejection in a power system.
Describe how good line design contributes to minimizing the impact of lightning strikes on
U
transmission lines. CO3
40. 621321105043 Pradeep V Discuss the factors that influence the interaction between lightning and the power system. U
Explore the steps involved in Bewely’s lattice diagram construction with an example. CO4 E
Analyse the computation of Transients in power system using EMTP. CO5 A
The towers of a transmission line are 100m tall and spaced 150m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
41. 621321105044 Praveen B resistance is 35Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of the speed of light.
Apply the theory of cloud and charge formation to predict the likelihood of lightning in a
Ap
given region.
Explain the role of natural frequencies in system transients. CO4 U
Discuss in detail about kilometric fault with necessary diagrams, Expression for recovery
CO5 U
voltage wave forms.
The towers of a transmission line are 18m tall and spaced 180m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 320Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs Ap
after the lightning contacts the ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning CO3
channels is 1500Ω and the footing resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 90% of
42. 621321105045 Priyadharshini M the speed of light.
Apply the concept of tower footing resistance to improve the design of power transmission
Ap
towers.
Explain how refraction of traveling waves occurs at an interface between different
CO4 E
mediums.
Discuss in detail about EMTP for the application of transient computation. CO5 U
 A transmission tower is 100m height and has a
surge impedance of 150.1Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at its
peak. The coupling factor of this ground wire
to the phase conductor is 0.25. the effective
tower footing resistance is 40Ω. A lightning
Ap
stroke with the current shown in fig. strikes the CO3
tower. Calculate the initial rate of rise of the
43. 621321105046 Santhosh Kumar P tower potential (kV/µS). Assume surge
impedance of lightning path=1500Ω, surge
impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the tower = 240m/µS and velocity
of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
Apply the protection techniques using ground wires to a given power line design. Ap
Apply Bewley’s lattice diagram to analyze wave reflections in a power system. CO4 Ap
Explain the distribution of voltages in a power system due to presence of short line or
CO5 U
kilometric fault.
A lightning current surge with the wave shape
of figure strikes a tower which has a single
ground wire in both directions. The
characteristics are as follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=2000Ω
Surge impedance of tower=200Ω
Surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω
Velocity of wave propagation on Ap
lines=298m/µs CO3
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=240m/µs
44. 621321105047 Shomesh T
Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.
Demonstrate the use of lightning models to assess the risk of lightning strikes on a power
E
grid.
Calculate the transient response of a system with series lumped parameters when subjected
CO4 E
to a fault.
Explain clearly about the closing surge suppression by resistor (Resistor closing) and an
CO5 U
Arrester.
 A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 420Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
resistance is 100Ω.
Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
CO3
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the
45. 621321105048 Siva P phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
Apply the understanding of lightning discharge mechanisms to analyze its impact on
Ap
electrical equipment.
Use the traveling wave concept to determine the wave velocity in a given transmission
CO4 U
line.
Explain the computational procedure for EMPT calculation with a neat flowchart. CO5 U
Use the factors of good line design to improve the resilience of power lines against
U
lightning.
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 340Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 15Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of CO3
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
46. 621321105049 Sowmiya M Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
Apply the step response method to solve for the transient behavior of a system with
CO4 Ap
distributed lines.
Critically evaluate the role of voltage distribution strategies in minimizing transient effects
CO5 E
on power systems.
Analyze the effectiveness of tower footing resistance in reducing the likelihood of
A
equipment damage due to lightning strikes.
A lightning stroke which reaches a peak current of 35kA in 1µs strikes a 20m tower on a
345kV transmission line. The line has a ground wire joining the tops of the towers; its
surge impedance is 520Ω. The tower surge impedance is 90Ω and the ground footing
CO3
resistance is 40Ω.
47. 621321105050 Sridhar R Ap
Determine whether the line insulators will flashover as a consequence of the surge,
assuming that their impulse flashover strength is 1050kV. A coupling factor 0.3 with the
phase conductors can be assumed, the impedance of the stroke channel can be ignored; a
wave velocity on the tower of 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠 can be assumed.
Compute the reflection coefficient for a traveling wave at a boundary between two
CO4 E
mediums.
 Critique the use of EMTP for qualitative computation of power system transients. CO5 A
A lightning current surge with the wave shape
of figure strikes a tower which has a single
ground wire in both directions. The
characteristics are as follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=2500Ω
Surge impedance of tower=250Ω
Surge impedance of ground wire=440Ω
Velocity of wave propagation on Ap
CO3
lines=298m/µs
48. 621321105051 Srikanth M
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=240m/µs
Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.
Analyze the relationship between cloud formation and the intensity of lightning strokes. A
Analyze the impact of shunt lumped parameters on the transient voltage response. CO4 A
Assess the effectiveness of load rejection strategies in minimizing voltage transients. CO5 E
The towers of a transmission line are 46m tall and spaced 200m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 640Ω. The tower footing resistance
is 35Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
CO3
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
49. 621321105052 Srinitha K
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
Compare the rate of charging in thunderclouds under different meteorological conditions. A
Analyze the differences in transient responses between systems with lumped parameters
CO4 A
and distributed lines.
Evaluate the potential risks posed by kilometric faults in long-distance transmission
CO5 E
networks.
A lightning current surge with the wave shape of figure strikes a tower which has a single
ground wire in both directions. The characteristics are as follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=500Ω
50. 621321105053 Srinivasan B Surge impedance of tower=50Ω CO3 Ap
Surge impedance of ground wire=40Ω
Velocity of wave propagation on lines=298m/µs
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=240m/µs
 Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot
the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.

Analyze the impact of poor tower footing resistance on the overall lightning protection of a
A
transmission line.
Investigate the causes of standing waves in a transmission line and their effects on power
CO4 A
systems.
Assess the accuracy of EMTP simulations in predicting the behavior of voltage transients. CO5 E
The towers of a transmission line are 38m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
51. 621321105054 Subashini R ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 50% of the speed of light.
Investigate the efficiency of ground wires in mitigating lightning strikes on high-voltage
A
transmission lines.
Compare the transient step responses of a system with series and shunt lumped parameters. CO4 E
Describe the role of EMTP in modeling power system transients. CO5 U
Analyze how different factors, such as altitude and temperature, affect the rate of charge
A
formation in thunderclouds. CO3
Compare the characteristics of normal and upward lightning strokes. U
52. 621321105055 Sudhakar S
Analyze the significance of Bewley’s lattice diagram in visualizing wave propagation in
CO4 A
complex systems.
Explain how line dropping affects power system stability. CO5 U
Examine how good line design affects the performance of power systems during lightning
E
events.
The towers of a transmission line are 26m tall and spaced 200m apart. They are joined at
53. 621321105056 Swathi M their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 440Ω. The tower footing resistance CO3
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of Ap
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline.
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
 after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
Investigate how reflection coefficients affect the voltage and current distributions in a
CO4 A
power line.

Describe the typical waveform observed during a transient caused by reclosing a line. CO5 U

Investigate how lightning discharges can create transients that affect the power system's
A
reliability.
The towers of a transmission line are 100m tall and spaced 280m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current CO3
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
54. 621321105057 Thabuna A Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the
ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 60% of the speed of light.
Critically evaluate the use of Bewley’s lattice diagram for complex power system transient
CO4 E
analysis.
Illustrate the relationship between switching surges and system configuration. CO5 U
A lightning current surge with the wave shape
of figure strikes a tower which has a single
ground wire in both directions. The
characteristics are as follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=1500Ω
Surge impedance of tower=150Ω
Surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω
Velocity of wave propagation on Ap
55. 621321105058 Thirumalai V lines=298m/µs CO3
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=240m/µs
Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.
Analyze the role of tower footing resistance in reducing the risk of outages during
A
lightning strikes.
 Critique the current approaches to computing transient responses in systems with both
CO4 U
lumped and distributed parameters.
Explain the effects of switching surges in an integrated power system. CO5 U
Critically assess the role of cloud formation theories in predicting lightning activity. U
Evaluate the importance of rate of charging in thunderclouds for accurate lightning CO3
E
forecasting.
56. 621321105059 Valan Joshi J
Assess the effectiveness of the step response method for transient analysis in systems with
CO4 U
distributed lines.
Differentiate between the transient effects caused by short line faults and kilometric faults. CO5 A
A lightning current surge with the wave shape of
figure strikes a tower which has a single ground wire
in both directions. The characteristics are as follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=1000Ω
Surge impedance of tower=100Ω
Surge impedance of ground wire=300Ω
Velocity of wave propagation on lines=298m/µs Ap
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=240m/µs CO3
Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
57. 621321105060 Vijayadharshini R Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.
Evaluate the impact of tower footing resistance on minimizing lightning-induced failures
E
in power systems.
Evaluate the effectiveness of natural frequency analysis in preventing resonance in power
CO4 E
systems.
Analyze the consequences of load rejection on a large interconnected power system. CO5 A

Evaluate the role of natural environmental factors in modifying the interaction between
E
lightning and power grids.

The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 200m apart. They are joined at
58. 621321105061 Vijika V their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance CO3
is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of
60kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 140Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
 Calculate the transient response of a series lumped-parameter system when subjected to an
CO4 E
impulse disturbance.
Evaluate the impact of voltage transients on sensitive loads during reclosing operations. CO5 E
Demonstrate how the rate of charge formation in clouds affects the intensity of lightning
U
strokes in mountainous regions.
CO3
Discuss the characteristics of lightning strokes, including peak current and duration. U
59. 621321105062 Yuvan Adhithya M
Demonstrate how standing waves are formed in a transmission system with an open-ended
CO4 U
line.
Compare the effects of voltage transients on a system with and without overvoltage
CO5 A
protection.
A lightning current surge with the wave shape of
figure strikes a tower which has a single ground
wire in both directions. The characteristics are as
follows:
Surge impedance of lightning channel=2500Ω
Surge impedance of tower=250Ω
Surge impedance of ground wire=500Ω
Ap
Velocity of wave propagation on lines=300m/µs
CO3
Velocity of wave propagation on tower=200m/µs
60. 621321105301 Dhayanithi. M Coupling factor of phase conductors=0.25
Height of tower = 30m
Effective tower footing resistance =40Ω
Determine the maximum tower top potential. Plot the surge voltage distribution on a phase
conductor 0.4µs after the tower has been struck.
Use tower footing resistance calculations to design a lightning protection scheme for a
E
substation.
Apply Bewley’s lattice diagram to evaluate the transient response of a transmission line
CO4 Ap
subjected to a short-circuit fault.
Analyze the causes and effects of switching surges on different power system components. CO5 A
Analyze the role of atmospheric conditions in the rate of charging of thunderclouds and its
A
impact on lightning frequency.
CO3
Demonstrate how ground wires protect power lines from direct lightning strikes using a
61. 621321105302 Kamalesh. M U
real-world example.
Compare the transient responses of systems with lumped and distributed parameters. CO4 A
Break down the transient phenomena that occur when lines are closed and reopened. CO5 U
 The towers of a transmission line are 88m tall and spaced 480m apart and are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 520Ω. The surge impedance of the
towers is 135Ω. Lightning strikes the ground wire 100m from a tower. The strike current
rises to a peak of 50kA in 1.5µS. Ap
Determine the voltage of the closest tower top 0.75µs after the lightning contacts the CO3
62. 621321105303 Meiyarasu S ground wire. Assume the impedance of the lightning channels is 1500Ω and the footing
resistance is 25Ω. Waves on the tower travel at 50% of the speed of light.
Analyze how tower footing resistance contributes to reducing the risk of power system
A
failures during lightning events.
Describe the transient response of a system with shunt lumped parameters. CO4 U
Assess the distribution of voltages in a power system during a transient event. CO5 U
A transmission tower is 30m height and has a
surge impedance of 150.1Ω. it is joined to its
adjacent towers by a single ground wire at its
peak. The coupling factor of this ground wire to
the phase conductor is 0.25. the effective tower
footing resistance is 40Ω. A lightning stroke with Ap
the current shown in fig. strikes the tower. CO3
Calculate the initial rate of rise of the tower
63. 621321105304 Santhosh kumar A potential (kV/µS). Assume surge impedance of
lightning path=1500Ω, surge impedance of ground wire=340Ω, velocity of surges on the
tower = 240m/µS and velocity of surges on the conductors = 290m/µS.
Examine the relationship between the rate of charging in thunderclouds and the
E
characteristics (current, duration) of lightning strokes.
Explain how refraction of traveling waves occurs at an interface between different
CO4 U
mediums.
Analyze how the frequency of switching operations impacts the severity of voltage surges. CO5 A

Assess the impact of tower footing resistance on the overall reliability of power systems in
A
lightning-prone areas.
The towers of a transmission line are 36m tall and spaced 300m apart. They are joined at
their tops by a ground wire whose surge impedance is 540Ω. The tower footing resistance
64. 621321105305 Sathiya Priya M is 25Ω. One tower is struck by lightning. The lightning current rises linearly to a peak of CO3
50kA in 2µS before commencing to decline. Ap
Compute the tower top potential and the tower base potential for the first microsecond
after the struck makes contact. The tower surge impedance is 240Ω that the lightning
channel can be neglected. Assume all waves travel at 2.98× 108 𝑚⁄𝑠.
 Explain the role of natural frequencies in system transients. CO4 U

Compare different transient computation techniques using EMTP for fault-induced

CO5 A
transients.
Propose an improved design for transmission line towers that optimizes both ground wire
E
protection and tower footing resistance.
CO3
Describe a lightning protection system for renewable energy installations based on current
U
theories of cloud charge formation.
65. 621321105306 Suthiksan. E
Discuss the significance of Bewley’s lattice diagram in analyzing wave propagation. CO4 U

Investigate the relationship between fault-induced overvoltage and system protection

CO5 A
mechanisms.

Faculty Incharge HoD