UNIT 4
SENTENCE TYPES,
STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS
TODAY’S ACTIVITY!
Direction: Identify if the highlighted phrases
and words are subject and predicate.
1. The dog runs into circles.
2. I stubbed my toe.
3. His car would not start.
4. He cried.
5. He kicked the ball.
ELEMENTS OF SENTENCE
WHAT IS A SUBJECT?
In a sentence, the subject performing the
action, can be a noun, noun phrase, or noun
clause.
Example: The dog ran after the cat.
In the sentence above, to determine the
subject of a sentence, first find the verb and
then ask “who?” or “what?” In this sentence,
the verb is “ran.” If we ask, “who ran?” the
answer is, “the dog ran.” This is how we
know that “dog” is the subject of the
sentence.
THREE KINDS OF SUBJECTS
Complete Subject- this is usually found before the verb.
Example: The tall tree swayed in the wind.
Simple Subject- can be is the main noun or pronoun being
talk about in a sentence.
Compound Subject- it consists of two or more subjects
together by conjunction.
Example: The sturdy young man and the child didn’t get along
very well.
PREDICATES
As with subjects, predicates can be categorized as complete
predicates, simple predicate and compound predicate. To form
a grammatically correct and complete sentence, the predicate
must include a verb. It can also include objects, complements,
and adverbials.
A complete predicate in a sentence includes a verb that tells
something about the complete subject.
Example: “Jonathan” father makes shoes”
OBJECTS
In English, an object in a sentence is
considered the receiver of the action.
Examples: Leslie dropped the ball.
She ate the cake.
Objects can be a word or group of words
which function as a noun and each type of
object can be classified as complete, simple,
or compound object
THREE TYPES OF OBJECTS
1. Direct Object - “Sandra wrote a poem”
2. Indirect Object - “Sandra gave me the poem she
wrote”
3. Prepositional Object - “I wrote on the
wall”
COMPLEMENTS
Complements are words that
T complete the predicate by
describing a noun in the
sentence. Linking verbs are
followed by a complement to
form a complete sentence.
THERE ARE FOUR KINDS OF COMPLEMENTS:
1. Subject Complement
2. Object Complement
3. Adjective Complement
4. Verb Complement
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
functions as a noun, pronoun, or adjective. It
comes with linking verb and tells something
about the subject of the sentence.
THREE KINDS OF SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
1. Predicative Nominative
2. Predicate Adjective
3. Adverbial Complement
PREDICATIVE NOMINATIVE
appears with a linking verb
and renames, identifies or
explain the subject of the
sentence.
Example: The new president of the company will be
Dana.
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
is an adjective that appears
with a linking verb and
describes the subject of the
sentence.
Example: The spread of the virus seemed
uncontrollable .
ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT
is an adverb with a linking
verb and tells something of
a place.
Example: Nelson is in the market .
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
a wordfound only with direct object. It usually
comes after a direct object to rename it or tell
what is has become.
Example: I colored my drawing yellow.
It is the object complement which modifies
the direct object, either by describing it or
renaming it
Example: The people called him boss.
ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT
functional part of a sentence that
completes or complements the
adjective. It can be a noun clause or
a prepositional phrase.
Examples:
I was happy that she was chosen.
I am very worried of the situation.
VERB COMPLEMENT
refers to direct and indirect objects.
Other use it to refer to a
complement after a linking verb
(subject complement) the
complement must give some
information about or description of
the subject.
KINDS OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO
USE/FUNCTIONS
Writing involves different
kinds of sentences.
These are declarative
sentence, imperative
sentence, interrogative
sentence and
exclamatory sentence.
These sentences have
different functions depending
on their purposes.
DECLARATIVE SENTENCE
a declarative sentence tells or
expresses a statement an idea
or opinion which ends with a
period.
Examples:
I want to learn how to create a web design. (statement)
Antonio is a good web designer. (opinion)
IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
an imperative sentence gives a
direction or an order, command or
request. It may end with a period or
an exclamation point depending on
what is the situation.
Examples:
Clean up to your room.
Please move your chair.
Move!
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
an exclamatory sentence delivers
strong feeling and ends with an
exclamatory point. This feeling can be
a feeling of anger, happiness,
excitement, or surprise.
Examples:
That was great.
What a wonderful day it is!
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
there are some exclamatory sentences
which may seem asking a question, but
are still considered exclamatory
sentence because of the words behind
it have strong emotion.
Examples:
Can you believe that!
Look what you’ve done!
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
an interrogative sentence asks a
questions and ends with a question
mark. It usually answers sentences
that start with five w’s how and do.
Examples:
When are you coming home?
How did you get the virus?
KINDS OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE
A simple sentence consists of one
independent clause.
Examples:
I love going to the mall.
Xuli loves visiting the park.
A compound sentence consists of two or more
independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semi-
colon. Alone, each of these clause form a sentence.
Example:
'This house is too expensive, and that house is too small.'
This seven coordinating conjunction are: for, and, nor, but,
or, yet, and so.
A complex sentence comprises the independent clause and a dependent clause
. The dependent clause starts with a subordinate conjunction or a relative
pronoun and consists of a subject and a verb but does not have a complete
thought.
Independent clause---Subordinating conjunction---Dependent clause
Examples:
1. She failed the course because she didn’t show up in a class.
2. My dog hid under the table when he heard the noise from the firecrackers.
Some of the subordinating conjunctions are:
although, because, that, how, till, as, after, since, until, once, then, once, than,
when, before, where, if, while, whether, though
The Five Basic Relative Pronouns are that, which, who, whom, whose.
The compound-complex sentence is consists of at least two independent
clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Independent Clause---Subordinating Conjunction---Dependent Clause---
Coordinating Conjunction---Independent Clause
Examples:
1. Sheryl didn’t appear in the show because
she was so sick so the people were
disappointed.
2. I left in a hurry when I got an emergency
call but I came back in the afternoon.
THANK YOU!
