MIL MODULE 4
Media and Information Sources
1. Indigenous Sources
What is Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Media?
Indigenous is a native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular region and locality. Its indigenous knowledge is unique to
a special culture or society, most often it is not written down. The transmission of information is through local channels or forms. It is a means by
which the culture is preserved, handed down and adapted. This include local knowledge, it is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples
for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community.
Characteristics of Indigenous Knowledge
a. Oral tradition of communication
b. Store information in memories
c. Information exchange is face to face
d. Information is contained within the border of the community
Indigenous Media can be defined as forms of media expression conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around
the globe as vehicles for communication.
Forms of Indigenous Media
1. Folk or Traditional Media
2. Gatherings and Social Organizations
3. Direct Observation
4. Records (written, carved, oral)
5. Oral Instruction
2. Library
Library is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not
for sale.
Types of Library:
a. Academic Library – serves colleges and universities.
b. Public Library- serves cities and towns, of all types.
c. School Library- serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
d. Special Library – specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the
government.
3. Internet
Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication protocols.
The Internet is one of the newest sources of media. Most of the users prefer the internet to watch news quickly. It is faster and more
capable in compared to any other source of media. Internet changes the world and connects the people also deliver the users to keep in touch with
the latest inventions and news.
One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with anyone in the world. Email is one of the oldest
and most universal ways to communicate and share information on the Internet, and billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect
in a variety of ways and build communities online.
There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online.
You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts, meet new people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.
As we all know billions of websites online today, there is a lot of information on the Internet. Search engines make this information easier
to find. All you must do is type one or more keywords, and the search engine will look for relevant websites.
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
1. www.google.com – Google Search Engine is the best search engine in the world, and it is also one of most popular products from
Google. Almost 70 percent of the Search Engine market has been acquired by Google.
2. www.bing.com – Bing is Microsoft’s answer to Google, and it was launched in 2009. Bing is the default search engine in Microsoft’s
web browser.
3. www.yahoo.com - Yahoo & Bing compete more with each other than with Google. Yahoo is an American web services provider
headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, and owned by Verizon Media.
4. www.baidu.com - Baidu is the most used search engine in China and was founded in January 2000 by Chinese Entrepreneur, Eric
Xu. This web search is made to deliver results for website, audio files and images. It provides some other services including maps,
news, cloud storage and much more.
5. www.aol.com - Aol.com is also among the top search engines. These are the guys that used to send out CD’s which you’d load onto
your PC to install their browser and modem software.
6. www.ask.com - Founded in 1995, Ask.com, previously known as Ask Jeeves. Their key concept was to have search results based
on a simple question + answer web format. It is a question & answer community where you can get the answers for your question,
and it integrates a large amount of archive data to answer your question. Because of this dependency on archived and active user
contributions the results will not be as current as those you get in Google, Bing and Yahoo.
Other search engine websites are: www.excite.com, www.DuckDuckGo.com, www.WolframAlpha.com, www.Yandex.com,
www.lycos.com, www.chacha.com
Evaluating Information Found on the Internet
a. Authorship
b. Published body
c. Accuracy and Verifiability
d. Currency
Things to Consider in Evaluating Information
1. Reliability
The Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluate. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the
reliability of information.
2. Accuracy
Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information
being evaluated. Forecasts are like the actual data and financial values are correct.
3. Value
The information is said to be valued if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
4. Authority
The authority of the source is the one authored or published the information and the credibility of the sources.
5. Timeliness.
The source reliability, accuracy and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. It may become irrelevant
and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability,
accuracy, and value throughout history.
Skills in Determining the Reliability of Information:
a. Check the Author
b. Check the Date of publication or of update
c. Check the Citations
d. Check the Domain or owner of the site / page
.com – commercial .edu – education
.mil – military .gov – government
.org – nonprofit organization
Skills in Determining Accurate Information
A. Look for facts
B. Cross-reference with other source for consistency
C. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information
Books - In-depth, detailed coverage of a topic and background information.
Book reference - a book intended to be consulted for information on specific matters rather than read from beginning to end.
Articles
a) Scholarly Journals - Up-to-date and highly specific for scholars and researchers.
b) Trade Publications - Targeted towards professionals in a discipline or industry.
c) Magazines - Broad summaries of issues for a general audience.
Newspapers - Up-to-date, national, and regional information for a general audience.
Internet - Wide variety of information. Evaluate websites carefully.
