l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .

hks pkaøsld

kdv.ï kdgl l,dj

ckm%jdo j,g wkqj isxy, rdc jxYfha wka;suhd jQ ùr mrdl%u

kf¾kaøisxy rcqkfa .a ld,fha § t;=ud úiska irK mdjd .kakd ,o ol=Kq bka§h rdc
l=udßldj iuÕska furg meñ‚ w,.kdhsÿ kue;s wdkaø kdv.ï úfYaI{hd úiska kdv.ï
furg y÷kajdÿka nj ú,auÜ m’' úfÊ;=x.hka úiska rÑ; ziajr ,sms iys; kD;H .S;Z kï
lD;sfhys oelafõ' yßYapkaø kï f;,sÕ= kdglh rÕ oelaùfuka fuh wdrïN jQ nj
lshefõ' miqld,Skj w,.kdhsÿkaf.a olaI f.da,hl= jQ lïu,a jD;a;slhl= jQ ms,smamq
is[af[da keue;a;d úiska fuu yßYapkaø kdv.u isxy,hg mßj¾;kh fldg rÕ olajd
we;'

isxy, kdv.ï l,dfõ mshd f,i ie,flkafka ms,smm

a q is[af[daf.a
mq;a fmaÿre is[af[da h' Tyqf.a m%:u ks¾udKhh 1824 § fõÈld.; l< zweyef,afmd<
fyj;a isxy,fha kdv.uZ hs'

uydpd¾h tÈßùr ir;apkaøhka mjikafka kdv.u olaIsK Ndr;fha

f;relal=;a;= kï ùÈ kdgH úfYaIfhys wdNdIfhka ìys ù uq,skau uvl,mqj wd§ oñ<
lf;da,sl ckhd jdih lrk ,o m%foaYj, jHdma;j miqj ol=Kg ixl%uKh ù isxy,
ixialD;shg wkqj yev .eiS we;s njhs' kdv.ï kdgH ngysr Tfmrd kï jQ .S; kdgl
úfYaIhg;a mSlsx .S; kdglhg;a iudk l< yels nj fyf;u fmkajd fohs'

uydpd¾h tï' tÉ' .=K;s,l mjikafka l%i s a;shdks ñIkdÍkaf.a

wd.ñl m%pdrj, m%;sM,hla f,i kdv.ï iïm%odh kï ÈhqKq kdgH l%uhla ìys jQ njhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ hdmkh" y,dj;" ó.uqj" fld<U" je,s.u" ud;r"

;x.,a, jeks uqyqÿnv m%foaYhkays m%p,s; j mej; we;'
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

ikaOHd Nd.fhys wdrïNj rd;%S ld,h mqrdjg rÕolajk ,o kdv.u

thg u iqúfYaIS jQ rx. ffY,shlska hqla; úh'

 fuh mQ¾j rx.h yd wmr rx.hlska hqla; úh' mQ¾j rx.h ;=<§ lr<shg m%úIag
jk ia:djr md;%hska msßila úh' Tjqyq ms<sfj,ska"
 nyqnQ;hd ^flda<ud"fldaKx.shd&
 fi,a,ka <ud
 fnr jhkakka
 wkd.; jla;D ^foaYkjdoSk&a
 y~ ¥;hd
 rdc iNdfõ weu;sjre iy rcq

wmr rx.h ;=<,§ kdv.ï l;d mqj; rÕolajk ,È'

 fmdf;a .=ref.a m%drïNl .S;fhka bIaG foaj;d kuialdrh isÿ flrñka kdv.u
wdrïN flßK' fuh mQ¾K úß÷j" uQ,drïNh" fmdf;a lúh f,iskao ye¢kafõ'
fmdf;a úßÿfjka l;d jia;=j fláfhka idrdxY fldg lSu isÿlrhs' fï whqßka
fmdf;a.=re yd .dhl lKavdhu úiska kdgH bÈßm;a lsÍfï uQ,sl ld¾hh isÿ
lrkq ,efí'
 kdv.ï l;djla Èk 3-7 w;r ld,hla rÕolajk ,o w;r miqld,Skj th tla
Èkla olajd wvqù we;'
 kdv.ï ys ish¨ pß; rÕ olajk ,oafoa msßñka úisks'
 iEu pß;hlau fõÈldjg m%úYag ùug iqúfYaIS .uka ;d,hla úh'
 fõÈldj ;=< jghla .uka lsÍu" tla ia:dkhl isg ;j;a ia:dkhlg .uka lsÍu
ksrEmKh lrk ,§'
 fmdf;a.=reg bÈßfhka wfkla mi fnr jdolhka fofofkla" fydrKE jdolfhla
yd lhs;d,ï jdolfhl= f.ka ieÿï,;a jdol lKavdhu ìu ys|f.k isák ,§'
 kdv.ï rx.fha fhdod.;a ni ixialD; yd øúv ñY% lfGdar ,laIKhkaf.ka
hqla; jQjla úh'
WodyrK #

zks,a isls ms,s fia È.= jr,d fy,d mq,dù woÍ ^ks,a isls&

uok isidrd iq.=K úpdrd rx. Y=x.dr ;=x. fcda.sfha

fy,d mq,dù ^ks,s& ;reK iqNdúZ

ms,smamq is[af[da f.a ia:dla;s kdv.u

 kdv.ï kdgH ;=< úúO .dhkd ye¢kaùug úßÿj" f;davdhu" bkakish" isxÿj
wd§ kï Ndú;d lrk ,§'
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

 kdv.u wjidk jkqfha ux.,ï iskÿ

a j .dhkd lsÍfuka wk;=rejhs'
 k¿jka uqyqKg uqyqK ,d mjik fonia z;¾.Z kï úh'
 j¾Kj;a fõIN+IK l%uhla Ndú;d úh' tï' lfrda,sia kï kdv.ïlrejd rka
mjqï WKq fldg kQ,a ilid ú,a¨o jia;% leghï fldg we÷ï ms<s lr.;a nj
lshefõ' tu.ska rd;%S ld,fha we÷ïg Èiakhla ,eìK'

lr<sh kñka ye¢kajQ fuu kdv.ï rx. N+ñh mia f.dvlr fmd<j
uÜgñka uola Wia j ilik ,o w¾O ljdldr jqjla úh' thg msgqmiska ilik ,o
uvqjls' th fkam;Hd.drh f,i Ndú;d lrk ,§' uvqj;a lr,sh;a w;r isgjQ lKq
folla yryd Ñ;%Kh lrk ,o ;sr froaola Ndú;d lrk ,§' fuu lv;=rdj ke;fyd;a
;srh cjksldjg wkqj fjkia lr.; yels ùu isß; úh' lr<shg k¿jka msúisfha o
fuu ;srh msgqmi isgh'

kdv.ï fm%alaIld.drh t<suyka ìï fmfoi jQ w;r meÿre" ud.,a

wdÈh t,d fm%alaIlhska tAjdfhys ys| ßis fia kdv.ï kerösh' we;eïúg m%N+ me,eka;sh
Wfoid wdik fyda fid,aor ks¾udKh lr we;' fmd,a w;= wdjrKh lr uvqjla idod
wdik mKjd miqld,Skj uqo,la f.k fmkajQ nj lshfõ'

 ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq lrkaKdgl ix.S;h fuys oelsh yel

 mer‚ kdv.ï ys wdrïNfha § lv;=rdj újD; jk f;la uoao, jdolfhd fofofkl=
wvq ;d," jeä ;d, jehSu uÕska kdv.ï wdrïN lsÍug hk nj fm%alaIlhdg yeÕùu
isß; úh' fuh zwka;dÈhZ hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
 kdv.ï ys oS mika" ;s¾,dkd" jäuqä" lS¾;kï" ;x.mdg wd§ ;d,j,g wh;a mo jehSu
isÿfõ'
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

 m%Odk ;d, jdoH NdKavh uoao,h ^fou< fnrh" u;a;d,ï& úh' thg wu;rj
miqld,Skj fydrKEj" lhs;d,u^;d,ïmg& fukau rúls[a[h^jh,Skh& Ndú;d lrk
,§'

uoao,h jh,Skh

lhs;d,u
rúls[[
a h fydrKEj

lsÜika myka yd mkaoï wdf,dalh Ndú;d lrk ,§'

 fjk;a .eñ kdglj,g jvd wx.iïmQ¾K oDYH ldjHhls'

 wx. iïmQ¾K kdgH msgm;la we;'
 ksYaÑ; rx. ffY,shla we;'
 fonia hïlsis .S;j;a niska .dhkd lsÍu'
 kdv.ïj, wjia:dfjdaÑ; f,i ix.S;h fhdod .kakd w;r kdgHO¾ó" wdx.sl yd
id;aúl wNskh o ri ksIm
a ;a;sh i|yd fnfyúka Wmfhda.S lr.kS'
 uq, ueo w. .e,fmk l;d jia;=jla rÕ oelafjk w;r .dhk" jdok" .uka ú,di
^.;s m%pdr& yd .oH moH ixjdo ud¾.fhka iukaú; jQ rx. ffY,sh'
 ia:djr md;%hka isàu'
 lsÜika myka wdf,dalh fhdod .ekSu'
 ol=Kq bka§h l¾Kdgl ix.S;h Ndú;h'
 w¾O jD;a;dldr Wiaj msysá rx. N+ñh Ndú;d lsÍu'
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

fmdf;a.=re
 kdv.ï wdrïN jkafka fmdf;a.=ref.a m%fõYfhks'
 fudyq l;djia;=fõ iQ;%h fldgia tkï fm%alaIlhka
oek.; hq;= kuq;a rx.kfhka bÈßm;a fkdjk
fldgia lúfhka .dhkd fldg úia;r lrhs'
 lr<shg msúfik md;%j¾.hd y÷kajd fokq ,efí'
 l;dj ms<sn| hï hï lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
 ixialD; kdgHhkays iQ;%Org iudk fõ'

nyqnQ;hd

 fmdf;a.=re úiska .hk fmdf;a bkakish ke;fyd;a

fmdf;a ùßÿfjka miq fmdf;a isxÿfõ ;df,g kgñka
nyqnQ;fhd fofofkla kdv.ï lr<shg msúfia'
fudjqyq fldaKx.s" flda,ud" fldau,S" ljghd wd§ kï
j,sko
a ye¢kafõ' Tyqf.a ld¾hh fm%alaIlhd mskùuhs'

kkakdfka kd kfka $$$ kkakdfka kd

wdhqfndajka ifí uy;=kagd - fndaud ldf,lska wdfõ oel.kagd
biair ldf,a f,dlaflda ;uhs - rc f.d,a,kag uhs wms rÕmEfõ

Tuß lru nia fokak oksñ - rc l=uß jqK;a l=,au;a jk fuka

iqñß fuuf. lgy~ mu‚ka - fldhs ye;sß jqK;a fudk foa ú.iska

;=gx lrkakg ok iefjdud - hi kegqï kgkakg oksñ fuud

ráka f;dáka tk ok iefjdud - wfm kegqï n,d h;s ù wreud

n%ïfmda¾â kdv.u
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

fi,a,ï <ud fyj;aa fi,a, ms,af,a

 rEu;a yevldrfhla f,i meñfKk fudyq isõ

ieg l,djka m%.=K l< nyqYe% ;hl= f,i jákd
wdNrKfhka ieriS isá' fudyq kdv.ïfmdf,a
jeo.;a rdcldßhla bgq lrk nj fmkajk wfhls'
fudyq fi,a,laldrhl= fkdfõ'

wkd.; jla;D

 foaYkjd§ka f,isko
a ye¢kafjk fudjqkaf.a ld¾hh jQfha bÈßm;a lsÍug hk
kdv.fuys l;d mqj;a flá lú uÕska lshd mEuhs' miqld,Skj w;S; jla;D yd
wkd.; jla;D f,iska pß; folla y÷kajd we;' Tjqka fofokdf.a ld¾hh úúO
úh'

fnrlrejka ^fnryrfhda&

 fudjqkf.a ld¾hh jQfha rcq jäk nj oekqï §uh' fuu pß;h wKfnrlre g
iudk rEmhla orhs' rcq inh g jäkd nj lshk lS¾;sh ^.S;=j& .dhkd lrhs'

y`v¥;fhda

 hqfrdamSh fõIfhka ieriqKq fuu pß; uÕska o fnrlrejkag iudk rdcldßhla

bgq lrhs' fudjqko
a .S;=jlska rcq tk nj mjihs'

rcq iy msßi

 y~ ¥;fhda lr,sfha isáh§u fuu msßjr lr<shg m%úYagfõ' fudjqyq fõosldj

jfÜ jghla .uka lr isxydikdrEV fjhs' wk;=rej wdik úreÿj ^wdikdrEV
úß÷j" rc jäk úß÷j& .hhs' fuu úß÷j m%Yia;shlg iudk jQjls' rcqf.a n,
uysuh .ek .efhk .Shls'

zisyiqka jeä j¾Okd fõjd uy rcdfkks'''Z

wk;=rej w.ue;sg yd rcqg lúhla lshhs' tu lúhg miqj jpkh hkqfjka
jdi.ïlao lshhs'

zmqf¾ j¾;udkfha myod mjikq uka;%Sfhks'''Z

l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

 iïm%odhka folu uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, m%p,s; ùu'

 kdv.ï fmdf;a .=re pß;h yd flda,ïys ldßhlrjkrd< pß;h w;r iudk;d ;sîu'
 foflysu l;d mqj;la rÕ oelaùu'
 iïm%odhka foflysu fmdf;a.=re$ldßhllrjkrd< úiska pß; y÷kajd§u'
 wdlD;sl jYfhka iïm%odhka foflau mQ¾j rx.hla olakg ,eîu'
 flda,ïys wKfnrlrekaf.a yd kdv.ï ys fnrjdolhska f.a pß;hkays iudk;d'
 foflysu ia;%S N+ñld msßñka úiska rÕ oelaùu'
 rd;%S ld,h ;=,§ rx..; lsÍu'

 flda,ï ;=< .%dóh njla olakg ;snqK o kdv.ï ;=< tjekakla ke;'
 flda,ï kdgHh Ydka;sl¾u wdY%s;j úldYh jqj;a kdv.u tfia fkdùh'
 flda,ï i|yd hla fnrh Ndú;d lrk w;r kdv.ï i|yd uoao,h Ndú;dfõ'
 kdv.ï ys ,sÅ; ixjdo rgd Ndú;h fõ'
 kdv.ï ys Y%jH oDYH yd iQpH jYfhka fldgia ;=kls'
 kdv.ï ys uq, ueo w. .e,fmk l;d jia;=jla olakg ,efí'
 flda,ï ys ;dkdhïm, o kdv.ï ys lr<sh o rx. N+ñh fõ'

 kdv.ïfmd< jgd ÿYapß; j¾Okh ùu'

 tAldldÍ rd.;d, ñY%s; .dhkh yd ix.S;h'
 rx. ld,h §¾> ùu'
 kdv.ug úreoaOj mek ke.S iudc u;jdo'
 kQ¾;s kdgHfha wd.ukh'
 kd.ßl yd m%nqoO
a ckhdf.a reÑl;ajhg wod, fkdùu'
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

o ms,m
s m
a q isxf[da

 weyef,afmd< fyj;a isxy,fha kdv.u  ikakl s =,d

 ud;,ka  rc;=ka lÜgqj
 fik.mamq  iq,Udj;S
 isxyj,a,s  yqkq fldgqfj kdv.u
 cqfia mq;a  ia:dla;s
 iqfiaõ  Ydka; fcdaYma
 fyf,akd  j¾:.ï
 úYaj l¾u

o ù' l%i
s a;h
s ka fmf¾rd

 ne,ika; kdv.u
 bhqðka kdv.u
 Tßfika iy mdf,kaf;da kdv.u
 n%ïfmdaâ kdv.u

o fudaor mE,sia wmamqydñ

 ñhq,ska
 ñ,Skd
 mrjqr

o .,alsiafia fykaøsla wmamy

q dñ
 rx.j,a,s
 ueÍkd
 ldxÑ

o mS' mSßia
 oUfo‚ l;dj
 fm%daáhka iy je,akaghska

o ,s|uq,f.a iaàjka is,ajd

 Èklr kdv.ï

o pd¾,sia o wdfn%õ
 fif,ia;skd

o tka' ä' f;dauia is,ajd

 ,shfkdard
l$nKavdr.u cd;sl mdi, .hks pkaøsld

o cqjdka mska;=
 [dK ijqko
a Í
 l;ßkd

 cd;l l;d weiqfrka ìysjQ kdv.ï

fjiaika;r kdv.u

 idys;Hfhka yd b;sydifhka Wmqgd.;a l:d jia;= weiqfrka rÑ; kdv.ï

 merl=ïnd kdv.u
 nqjfklndyq kdv.u
 isxyj,a,s kdv.u
 iq,Udj;S kdv.u