THE TEACHER AS A PERSON AND AS A learners, and communicate them in the manner that students

PROFESIONAL can comprehend.

The teacher as a judge of achievement.
I. TEACHERS QUALITIES
The teacher defines the ability level of students, evaluates
TEACHER a person who helps students to acquire students’ level of achievement based on standards and
knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of determine who will be prompted or retained.
teaching.
The teacher as a knower
PROFESSION a vocation or occupation requiring advance
education, training involving intellectual skills grounded in The teacher knows much about the general fields of
research and practice in the field. knowledge thoroughly master the subject matter of his field
of specialization brings learners to the world of ideas,
PROFESSIONAL has completed higher education usually at provides accurate information to students and readily answers
the advanced level and engages in and is worthy of a high the student’s questions.
standard of profession.
The teacher as a mediator of culture
PROFESSION AND PROFESSIONALS answer to the
professional code of ethics. The teacher articulates social, political, and economic
traditions, develop cultural values, transmit culture and
A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATOR SHOULD: enriches cultural growth of students
 WORK is a collegial manner with colleagues The teacher as a model for the youth
 ASSOCIATE with and learn from positive mentors
 JOIN a professional organization The teacher exemplifies the scholarships on and ideals valued
 CONTINUE TO LEARN through classes, by society and demonstrate acceptable sets of values.
workshops, conferences, in service meetings, books,
journals, tapes and advanced degrees. The teacher as a moralist

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER The teacher envelops a functional moral and ethical code,
creates acceptable moral atmosphere and establishes norms
Always be Exudes High holds for behavior within and outside the classroom.
prepared positivity expectations
The teacher as a person of culture
Demonstrates Exercises Displays
creativity fairness personal touch The teacher possesses a broad general cultural education,
Cultivates sense Shows Possesses sense demonstrates, adequate skills in the use of language, is well
of belongingness compassion of humor informed of current development in various fields of science
Respects Models Admits mistakes and appreciates arts and literature.
students forgiveness
The teacher as a pioneer in the world of ideas

II. TEACHERS ROLE The teacher carries to new insights and knowledge leads
children to wide ranging and unlimited inquiry and develop
The teacher as a decision-maker new ideas and practices to meet the needs and demands of the
time.
The teacher decides on the objectives that should be
established, the type of instructional program that could best III. TEACHING PHILOSOPY
achieve the objectives, the body of information that should be
conveyed, the most effective methods, techniques, When thinking of a philosophy of statement to write, it would
approaches, and materials that would facilitate the attainment be good to benchmark from belief statements, as well as the
of the objectives and the most appropriate grouping that educational implications of some famous philosophies
would best benefit the learner. Below are some of them;
The teacher as a director of learning. Idealism–implies that the school’s function is to sharpen
The teacher plans and organizes learning activities, leads intellectual processes. Also, it exists to develop the student’s
students through the learning episodes, controls the whole character and cultivate his aesthetic state. The teacher is
learning situations and appraises the effectiveness of the expected to be a model, friend and guide to the learners.
learning situations. Realism-suggest that the teacher should be knowledgeable
The teacher as the information processor. and should relate the lesson to the pupil’s experiences.
Methods of teaching include problem solving, inquiry and
The teacher analyzes information and events and makes it discovery.
learnable, facilitates its comprehension, interprets them to
Pragmatism-implies that teachers act as facilitators. They Domain 6, Community Linkages and Professional
motivate learners offer suggestions, help in planning among Engagement - focuses on the establishment of school-
others. The school gives children the opportunity to community partnerships aimed at enriching the learning
experience democratic living. environment, as well as the community's engagement in the
educative process. Teachers identify and respond to
Existentialism-suggests inclusion of subjects that recognize opportunities that link teaching and learning in the classroom
individual differences and complete freedom to work (arts for to the experiences, interests and aspirations of the wider
aesthetic expressions). Teachers give assistance to students in school community and other key stakeholders.
their personal learning journeys. Schools on the other hand,
create an atmosphere for active interaction Domain 7, Personal Growth and Professional
Development -emphasizes teacher's personal growth,
Social Reconstructionism -emphasizes the teacher’s role as professional development and high personal regard for the
agent of change and reform. Teachers are encouraged to profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the dignity of
initiate community-based projects. Schools try to make teaching such as caring attitude, respect, and integrity.
education responsive to human and social needs.
The Four Career Stages
THE SEVEN DOMAINS
Beginning Teachers are those who have gained the
Professional standards are important in the continuing qualifications recognized for entry into the teaching
professional development and advancement of teachers as profession. Teachers at this stage are supported to reach
articulated in DepEd Order 42, s. 2017.Titled, "National Career Stage 2 within two to three years.
Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine
Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)," it shall Proficient Teachers are professionally independent in the
serve as framework for teacher quality and teacher application of skills vital to the teaching and learning process.
development. PPST was developed as a result of the changes This stage shows the acceptable standards for all teachers,
brought about by the K to 12 reform, ASEAN integration, which should be reached within the first two or three years of
globalization, 21st century learners and the call for the teaching.
rethinking of the National Competency-Based Teacher
Standards (NCBTS). Highly Proficient Teachers consistently display a high level
of performance in their teaching practice. They are
The PPST defines teacher quality in the Philippines. It has accomplished practitioners who mentor and work collegially
seven domains and 37 strands that pertain to more specific with other staff. This is the stage that Master Teachers are
dimensions of teacher practices. expected to be at.
Domain 1, Content Knowledge and Pedagogy - emphasizes Distinguished Teachers embody the highest standards for
the importance of mastery of content knowledge and its teaching grounded in global best practice. They are
interconnectedness within and across curriculum areas, recognized as leaders in education contributors to the
coupled with a sound and critical understanding of the profession and initiators of collaborations and partnerships.
application of theories and principles of teaching and
learning. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1006 January 1,
1977
Domain 2, Learning Environment - refers to learning PROVIDING FOR THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF
environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in TEACHERS, REGULATING THEIR PRACTICE IN THE
order to promote learner responsibility and achievement. PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Domain 3, Diversity of Learners - highlights the WHEREAS, the Constitution provides that "All educational
establishment of learning environments that are responsive to institutions shall be under the supervision of; and subject to
learner diversity. Teachers respect learners' diverse regulation by, the State", and requires that "the State shall
characteristics and experiences as inputs to the planning and establish and maintain a complete, adequate and integrated
design of learning opportunities. system of education relevant to the goals of national
development";
Domain 4, Curriculum and Planning - focuses on the
interaction with the national and local curriculum WHEREAS, in the pursuit on these objectives, the
requirements. Teachers translate curriculum content into Department of Education and Culture has adopted ways and
learning activities that are relevant to learners and based on means of overseeing all the educational institutions in the
the principles of effective teaching and learning. country;

Domain 5, Assessment and Reporting - deals with the WHEREAS, this supervisory function of the DEC has been
application of a variety of assessment tools and strategies in primarily beamed towards insuring that the educational
monitoring, evaluating, documenting and reporting learners institutions inculcate in the studentry love of the country,
needs, progress and achievement. Teachers use assessment teach the duties of citizenship, and develop moral character,
data in a variety way to inform and enhance the teaching and personal discipline, and scientific, technological and
learning process and programs. vocational efficiency;
WHEREAS, to implement these objectives, the institutions Secretary Chairman, Commissioner,Two
have relied upon their teachers whose direct and continuing of Civil Professional
members
interaction with the young people and the children make them Education Service Regulations
representing
potent forces for the development of proper attitudes among and Commission Commission
the private
the citizenry; Culture sector to be
appointed
WHEREAS, this accounts for the tremendous growth of the by the
teaching population, comprising in the civil service sector President
alone more than 300,000 teachers deployed all over the
Sec. 5. Powers and Duties. The Board shall have the
country;
following powers and duties:
WHEREAS, to insure that in the immediacy and urgency of
(a) Appoint a set of examiners for every examination who
teacher recruitment qualitative requirements are not
will determine and prepare the contents of the Board
overlooked, it has become necessary to regulate the teaching
examination for teachers, hereinafter referred to as
profession;
examination, in the elementary and secondary levels of
WHEREAS, although teaching requires a number of years of instruction, to be held at least once a year;
collegiate study, it is the only course that it is not yet
(b) Determine and fix the places and dates of examination,
considered a profession;
appoint supervisors and room examiners from among the
WHEREAS, in recognition of the vital role of teachers in employees of the Government who shall be entitled to a daily
nation-building and as an incentive to raise the morale of allowance to be fixed by the Board for every examination day
teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as actually attended, use the buildings and facilities of public
professionals and teaching be recognized as a profession. and private schools for examination purposes, approve
applications to take examination, and approve the release of
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, examination results;
President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in
me by the Constitution, do hereby decree and order: (c) Look from time to time into the conditions affecting the
practice of the teaching profession, adopt such measures as
Section 1. Title. This Decree shall be known as the Decree may be deemed proper for the enhancement of said
Professionalizing Teaching. profession, and/or maintenance of the professional standards
and ethics;
Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared a policy
that teacher education shall be given primary concern and (d) Issue, suspend, revoke, replace or reissue Professional
attention by the government and shall be of the highest Teachers Certificate, and administer oaths;
quality, and strongly oriented to Philippine conditions and to
the needs and aspirations of the Filipino people even as it (e) Appoint, subject to the provisions of existing laws, such
seeks enrichment from adoptable ideas and practices of other officials and employees as are necessary in the effective
people. performance of its functions and responsibilities, prescribe
their duties and fix their compensation;
Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Decree, the
following shall be construed as follows: (f) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may
deem proper; and
(a) Teaching refers to the profession primarily concerned with
the classroom instruction, at the elementary and secondary (g) Promulgate rules and regulations, and exercise such other
levels, in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by powers, functions and duties as may be necessary to carry
National Board of Education, whether on part-time or full- into effect the purposes of this Decree.
time basis in the public or private schools.
Sec. 6. Qualification requirements for examination
(b) Teachers refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the applicants. No applicant shall be admitted to take the
elementary and secondary levels, whether on a full-time or examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he
part-time basis, including guidance counsellors, school shall have complied with the following requirements:
librarians, industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other
(a) Except those who have been engaged in teaching as herein
persons performing supervisory and/or administrative
defined for at least five years in schools in the Philippines not
functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and legally
organized exclusively for nationals of a foreign country at the
qualified to practice teaching under this Decree.
time of the effectivity of this Decree, the applicant must be a
(c) Board refers to the National Board for Teachers duly citizen of the Philippines;
constituted under this Decree.
(b) That he is of good moral character;
Sec. 4. Creation of the National Board for Teachers. There
(c) That he is free from any physical and/or mental defect
is hereby created a National Board for Teachers, hereinafter
which will incapacitate him to render efficient service; and
called the Board, to be composed of the following:
Co-Chairman Members
(d) That he possesses the following minimum educational This provision shall likewise apply to those teachers who
qualifications: have permanent appointment under the Magna Carta for
Public School Teachers and all others who may be qualified
(e) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, for registration as professional teachers under this Decree.
Bachelor's degree in Elementary Education (B.S.E.Ed.) or its
equivalent; Section 12. Registration. The Civil Service Commission
shall, as an arm of the Board, register holders of Professional
(f) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor's degree in Teacher Certificate which registration shall evidence that the
Education or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a registrant is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a
Bachelor's degree in Arts or Sciences with at least eighteen Professional Teacher until and unless the certificate is
units in professional education; and suspended or cancelled by the Board for just cause.
(g) For teachers of secondary vocational and two-year
technical courses, Bachelor's degree in the field of
specialization with at least eighteen units in professional Section 13. Reissuance of revoked certificates and
education. replacement of lost certificates. The Board may, for reason
of equity and justice, and upon proper application therefor,
All applications shall be filed with an office or offices issue another copy, original or duplicate, upon payment of the
designated by the Board, preferably the offices of the Civil required fee, of a certificate which has been revoked. A new
Service Commission and the Department of Education and certificate to replace a lost, destroyed or mutilated certificate
Culture. may be issued subject to the rules of the Board.
These offices shall screen and approve such applications and Section 14. Registration by reciprocity. The Civil Service
issue the corresponding permits to take the examination to Commission shall, upon approval of the Board, effect the
qualify applicants. registration, without examination, of a teacher validly
Sec. 7. Appointment of examiners. The Board shall appoint registered under the laws of any foreign state or country;
a set of examiners for every examination who are recognized Provided, That the requirements for registration in said
authority in teacher education, and their names shall not be foreign state or country are substantially the same as those
disclosed until after the release of the results of the required and contemplated by this Decree, and the laws of
examination. They shall each receive as compensation the such foreign state or country allow citizens of the Philippines
sum of not less than P5.00 for each examinee as may be to practice the profession on the same basis and grant the
determined by the Board but in no case shall each examiner same privileges as the citizens or subjects of such foreign
receive more than P18,000 per examination. Any examiner state or country; Provided finally, That the applicant shall
who is in the service of the Government shall receive the submit competent and conclusive documentary evidence,
compensation herein provided in addition to his salary. confirmed by the Department of Foreign Affairs, showing
that his country's existing laws permit citizens of the
Sec. 8. Scope of the examination. The examination shall Philippines to practice teaching profession under the rules and
consist of written tests, the scope of which shall be regulations governing citizens thereof.
determined by the Board, taking into consideration the
teaching plan of the schools legally constituted in the Section 15. Prohibition. Three years after the effectivity of
Philippines. this Decree, no person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a
teacher as defined in this Decree, whether in the public or
Sec. 9. Ratings in the examination. In order that a candidate private elementary or secondary school, unless he is holder of
may be deemed to have successfully passed the examinations, a Professional Teacher Certificate or is considered a
he must have obtained a general average of at least 70 per Professional Teacher under this Decree.
cent in all subjects, with no rating below 50 per cent in any
subject. Section 16. Penal Provision. Any person who shall practice
the teaching without a valid Professional Teacher Certificate,
Section 10. Report of the results of examination. The or any person presenting as his or her own the certificate of
examiners shall report the ratings obtained by each candidate another, or any person giving any false or forged evidence in
to the Board within 150 days after the last day of the order to obtain a Professional Teacher Certificate or
examination, unless extended by the latter. admission to an examination, or any person assuming himself
as a registered professional teacher or any person violating
Section 11. Issuance of Certificates. Teachers who have
any provision of this Decree shall be penalized by a fine of
passed examinations given by the Civil Service Commission
not less than One Thousand Pesos nor more than Five
or jointly by the Civil Service Commission and the
Thousand Pesos with subsidiary imprisonment or to suffer an
Department of Education and Culture shall be considered as
imprisonment of not less than six months nor more than two
having passed the board examinations for teachers. The Board
years, or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of
may consider their certificates of rating as certificates of
the Court.
eligibility or issue an entirely new certificate upon
registration of the teacher and payment of the corresponding Section 17. Repealing Clause. All Acts, Decrees, Executive
fees. Orders, Administrative Orders, rules and regulations or parts
thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are (d) "Commission" — refers to the Professional Regulation
hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Commission.
Section 18. Separability Clause. In case any provision of ARTICLE II BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL
this Decree or any portion thereof is declared unconstitutional TEACHERS
by a competent court, other provisions shall not be affected
thereby. Sec. 5. Creation and Composition of the Board. — There is
hereby created under this Act a Board for Professional
Section 19. Effectivity. This Decree shall take effect January Teachers, hereinafter called the Board, a collegial body under
1, 1977. the general supervision and administrative control of the
Professional Regulation Commission, hereinafter referred to
DONE in the City of Manila, this 22nd day of September, in as the Commission, composed of five (5) members who shall
the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-six. be appointed by the President of the Philippines from among
the recommendees chosen by the Commission.The
recommendees shall be chosen from the list of nominees
selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly
possess all the qualifications prescribed in Section 8 of this
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7836 Act.
AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE REGULATION AND
The chairman and the voice-chairman of the Board shall be
SUPERVISION OF THE PRACTICE OF TEACHING IN
appointed from these five (5) members by the President:
THE PHILIPPINES AND PRESCRIBING A LICENSURE
Provided, That the members of the first Board appointed
EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS AND FOR OTHER
under this Act shall be automatically registered as
PURPOSES.
professional teachers and issued with the certificate of
ARTICLE I TITLE registration and professional license upon payment of the fees
for examination, registration, and other fees prescribed by the
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the Commission.
"Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994."
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board. — The Board
Sec. 2. Statement of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital shall have the following duties and functions:
role of teachers in nation-building and development through a
responsible and literate citizenry. Towards this end, the State (a) Promulgate, administer and enforce rules and regulations
shall ensure and promote quality education by proper necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Act in
supervision and regulation of the licensure examination and accordance with the charter of the Professional Regulation
professionalization of the practice of the teaching profession. Commission;

Sec. 3. Objectives. — This Act has the herein objectives: (b) Determine and fix the frequency, dates, and places of
examination, appoint supervisors, proctors, and other
(a) The promotion, development and professionalization of personnel as needed who shall be entitled to a daily allowance
teachers and theteaching profession; and to be fixed by the Board for every examination day actually
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure attended, use buildings and facilities of public or private
examination. schools for examination purposes;

Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the (c) Issue, suspend, or revoke the certificate of registration for
following terms shall mean: the practice of the teaching profession;

(a) "Teaching" — refers to the profession concerned (d) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may
primarily with classroom instruction, at the elementary and deem proper;
secondary levels in accordance with the curriculum (e) Prescribe and/or adopt a code of ethical and professional
prescribed by the Department of Education, Culture and standards for the practice of the teaching profession. Such
Sports, whether on part-time or full-time basis in the private ethical standards, rules and regulations to take effect sixty
or public schools. (60) days after its publication in the Official Gazette or in any
(b) "Teachers" — refers to all persons engaged in teaching at newspaper of general circulation;
the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full-time or (f) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of
part-time basis, including industrial arts or vocational this Act;
teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels (g) Supervise and regulate the registration, licensure and
and qualified to practice teaching under this Act. practice of professional teachers in the Philippines;

(c) "Board" — refers to the Board for Professional Teachers (h) Adopt an official seal of the Board;
duly established and constituted under this Act.
(i) Look into the conditions affecting the practice of the
teaching profession and whenever necessary, adopt such
measures as may be deemed proper for the enhancement and (f) Not be an official or member of the faculty of, nor have
maintenance of high professional and ethical standards of the pecuniary interest in any university, college, school, or
profession; institution conferring a bachelor's degree in education or its
equivalents for at least three (3) years prior to his
(j) Ensure that all educational institutions offering elementary appointment, and neither connected with a review center or
and secondary education comply with the essential with any group or association where review classes or
requirements for curricula, faculty and facilities for the lectures in preparation for the licensure examination are
elementary and secondary levels; offered or conducted.
(k) Investigate such violations of this Act, the rules and the Provided, however, That, the membership to the Board shall
code of ethical and professional standards for professional be evenly distributed to cover all levels of education,
teachers as it may come to the knowledge of the Board, and including equitable representation of the different fields of
for this purpose, to issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum specialization.
to secure the appearance of witnesses and the production of
documents in connection therewith; and Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board. — The chairman, vice-
chairman, and members of the Board shall receive
(l) Discharge such other powers, duties and functions as the compensation comparable to the compensation received by
Board may deem necessary for the practice of the teaching existing regulatory boards under the Professional Regulation
profession and the upgrading, enhancement, development and Commission, computed on the basis of the number of
growth of education in the Philippines. examinees/candidates.
Sec. 7. Term of Office. — The members of the Board shall Sec. 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its
hold office for a term of three (3) years from the date they Records. — The Board shall be under the supervision and
assume office: Provided, That the first appointees to the control of the Commission. All records, including
Board under this Act shall hold office according to the applications for examination, examination papers and results,
following terms: one (1) member shall serve for one (1) year; minutes of deliberation, administrative cases and investigative
one (1) member for two (2) years; the chairman, vice- cases and investigations involving professional teachers shall
chairman, and one (1) member for three (3) years. Vacancies be kept by the Commission.
shall be served for the unexpired term only. No person who
has served for two (2) consecutive terms shall be eligible for Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services. — The
reappointment. Professional Regulation Commission, through its chairman,
shall provide the secretariat and other support services to
Appointment to fill an unexpired term shall be considered an implement effectively the provisions of this Act.
appointment to a complete term.
Sec. 12. Removal of a Board Member. — The chairman or
The chairman or any member shall take his oath of office any member of the Board may be removed by the President of
prior to the performance of his duties. the Philippines upon recommendation of the Commission for
Sec. 8. Qualification of Board Members. — Each Board neglect of duty, incompetence, unprofessional, unethical,
member must at the time of his appointment: immoral or dishonorable conduct, commission or toleration of
irregularities in the examination, after having been given the
(a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines; opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative
investigation.
(b) Be at least thirty-five (35) years of age, of proven
integrity, and possessed of high moral values in his personal In the course of investigation, the President may preventively
as well as professional conduct and has not been convicted of suspend the respondent.
any offense involving moral turpitude;
ARTICLE III EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
(c) Be a holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor
of Science in Education and preferably a holder of a master's Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and License Required.
or doctorate degree in education, or their equivalents, from a — Except as otherwise specifically allowed under the
university, school, college, academy or institute duly provisions of this Act, all applicants for registration as
constituted, recognized and/or accredited by the Philippine professional teachers shall be required to undergo a written
government; examination which shall be given at least once a year in such
places and dates as the Board may determine upon approval
(d) Be a professional teacher with a valid certificate of by the Commission. A valid certificate of registration and a
registration and valid professional license, save those valid professional license from the Commission are required
members who shall compose the first Board for Professional before any person is allowed to practice as a professional
Teachers; teacher in the Philippines, except as otherwise allowed under
this Act.
(e) Has been a professional teacher in the active practice of
the teaching profession for at least ten (10) years in the Sec. 14. Scope of Examination. — The examinations for the
elementary and secondary level; and elementary and secondary school teachers shall be separate.
The examination for teachers in the elementary level shall
consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional education and full force and effect until withdrawn, suspended and/or
general education. The examination for teachers in the revoked in accordance with law.
secondary level shall consist of three (3) parts, namely:
professional education, general education, and field of A professional license signed by the chairman of the
specialization. Commission and bearing the registration number and date of
issuance thereof and the month of expiry or renewability shall
Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. — No likewise be issued to every registrant who has paid the annual
applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on registration fees for three (3) consecutive years. This license
the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied shall serve as evidence that the licensee can lawfully practice
with the following requirements: his profession until the expiration of its validity.
(a) A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has Sec. 18. Oath Before Practice. — Every registrant shall be
reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching required to take his professional oath before practicing as a
profession; professional teacher.
(b) At least eighteen (18) years of age; Sec. 19. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers. — To
encourage continuing professional growth and development
(c) In good health and of good reputation with high moral and to provide additional basis for merit promotion, in
values; addition to their performance rating, teachers may take an
(d) Has not been convicted by final judgment by a court for oral and written examination at least once in five (5) years as
an offense involving moral turpitude; basis for merit promotion. In taking this examination, no fee
shall be required.
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized
by the government and possesses the minimum educational Sec. 20. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination. — If a
qualifications, as follows: teacher fails to pass the merit examination, he or she shall be
allowed to take the examination for a second time. Should he
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor's degree in early or she fail to pass the merit examination for the second time,
childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent; then he or she shall be required to take a DECS accredited
refresher course or program before being allowed to retake
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor's degree
the examination. Failure of any permanent teacher to pass the
in elementary education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
merit examination shall not, however, be used as a ground for
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor's degree his/her dismissal or demotion.
in education or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a
Sec. 21. Incentives. — Teachers who pass the merit
bachelor's degree in arts and sciences with at least ten (10)
examination shall:
units in professional education; and
(a) Be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board;
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses,
a bachelor's degree in the field of specialization or its (b) Earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary or to
equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional a higher position or grade level;
education.
(c) Be placed in the priority list for government scholarship;
Sec. 16. Report of the Results of the Examination. — The and
Board shall, within one hundred twenty (120) days after the
examination, report the ratings obtained by each candidate to (d) Enjoy such other benefits as may be promulgated by the
the Professional Regulation Commission for approval and Board.
appropriate action. Similar incentives shall be given to teachers who make
Sec. 17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and inventions, develop new methods of teaching, write a book or
Professional License. — The registration of a professional books and create works of artistic merit.
teacher commences from the date his name is enrolled in the Sec. 22. Integration of the Teaching Profession. — The
roster of professional teachers. teaching profession shall be integrated into one national
Every registrant who has satisfactorily met all the organization which shall be recognized by the Board and the
requirements specified in this Act shall, upon payment of the Commission as the one and only integrated and accredited
registration fee, be issued a certificate of registration as a association of professional teachers. Upon registration with
professional teacher bearing the full name of the registrant the Board, every professional teacher shall be encouraged to
with serial number and date of issuance signed by the become a member of the integrated national organization.
chairman of the Commission and the chairman, vice- Those who have been registered with the Board but are not
chairman, and members of the Board, stamped with the members of the said integrated organization shall be allowed
official seal, as evidence that the person named therein is to register as members of the said integrated organization
entitled to practice the profession with all the rights and within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act.
privileges appurtenant thereto. The certificate shall remain in Membership in the integrated organization shall not be a bar
to membership in other associations of the teaching
profession. The professional teachers shall receive the professional teachers, date of registration or issuance of
benefits and privileges appurtenant to their membership in the certificate, and other data which in the opinion of the Board
said integrated and accredited organization of professional may appear pertinent shall be maintained. Copies of the roster
teachers only upon payment of the required membership fees shall be provided by the Commission to the Board, the
and dues. Department of Education, Culture and Sports, and the
integrated and accredited organization of professional
Sec. 23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, teachers.
Suspension from the Practice of the Teaching Profession,
and Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit. — The Sec. 26. Registration and Exception. — Two (2) years after
Board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing, to the effectivity of this Act, no person shall engage in teaching
suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act,
registrant, to reprimand or to cancel the temporary/special whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level,
permit of a holder thereof who is exempt from registration, unless he is a duly registered professional teacher, and a
for any of the following causes: holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid
professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary
(a) Conviction for any criminal offense by a court of permit.
competent jurisdiction;
Upon approval of the application and payment of the
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct; prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and professional
(c) Declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction for being license as a professional teacher shall be issued without
mentally unsound or insane; examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant,
who at the time of the approval of this Act, is:
(d) Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross negligence or
serious ignorance of the practice of the teaching profession; (a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued
by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of
(e) The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in Education, Culture and Sports; or
obtaining a certificate of registration, professional license or
special/temporary permit; (b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board
for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and
(f) Chronic inebriety or habitual use of drugs; Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006; or
(g) Violation of any of the provisions of this Act, the rules (c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any
and regulations and other policies of the Board and the of the following qualifications. to wit:
Commission, and the code of ethical and professional
standards for professional teachers; and (1) An elementary or secondary teacher for five (5) years in
good standing and a holder of Bachelor of Science in
(h) Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, Education or its equivalent; or
workshops, conferences and the like or the continuing
education program prescribed by the Board and the (2) An elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) years in
Commission. good standing and a holder of a master's degree in education
or its equivalent.
The decision of the Board to revoke or suspend a certificate
may be appealed to the regional trial court of the place where Provided, that they shall be given two (2) years from the
the Board holds office within fifteen (15) days from receipt of organization of the Board for professional teachers within
the said decision or of the denial of the motion for which to register and be included in the roster of professional
reconsideration filed in due time. teachers: Provided, further, that those incumbent teachers
who are not qualified to register without examination under
Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity. — No teacher of a this Act or who, albeit qualified, were unable to register
foreign nationality shall be admitted to the examination, or be within the two-year period shall be issued a five-year
given a certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the temporary or special permit from the time the Board is
rights and privileges provided under this Act; unless the organized within which to register after passing the
country or state of which he is a subject permits Filipino examination and complying with the requirements provided
professional teachers to practice within its territorial limits on this Act and be included in the roster of professional teachers:
the same basis as subjects or citizens of said country or state: Provided, furthermore, that those who have failed the
Provided, that the requirements of certification of teachers licensure examination for professional teachers shall be
with said foreign state or country are substantially the same as eligible as para-teachers and as such, shall be issued by the
those required and contemplated under this Act: Provided, Board a special or temporary permit, and shall be assigned by
further, That the laws of such state or country grant the same the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to
privilege to Filipino professional teachers on the same basis schools as it may determine under the circumstances.
as the subject or citizens of such foreign country or state.
ARTICLE IV PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE
Sec. 25. Roster of Professional Teachers. — A roster of PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION
professional teachers containing the names and addresses of
Sec. 27. Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. — All incumbent teachers in
Profession. — Except as otherwise allowed under this Act, both the public and private sector not otherwise certified as
no person shall practice or offer to practice the teaching professional teachers by virtue of this Act, shall be given (5)
profession in the Philippines or be appointed as teacher to any years temporary certificates from the time the Board for
position calling for a teaching position without having Professional Teachers is organized within which to qualify as
previously obtained a valid certificate of registration and a required by this Act and be included in the roster of
valid professional license from the Commission. professionals.
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions. — The following shall be Provided, however, That the Professional Board Examination
punishable by a fine of not less than five thousand pesos for Teachers (PBET) shall still be administered by the Civil
(P5,000.00) nor more than Twenty thousand pesos Service Commission and the Department of Education,
(P20,000.00) or imprisonment of nor less than six (6) months Culture and Sports for the year 1995.
nor more than five (5) years, or both, at the discretion of the
court: Sec. 32. Separability Clause. — If, for any reason, any
section or provision of this Act or the application of such
(a) Any person who practices the teaching profession in the section or provision to any person or circumstance is declared
Philippines without being certified in accordance with the unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or provision of
provisions of this Act; this Act shall be affected thereby.
(b) Any person who represents or attempts to use as his own Sec. 33. Repealing Clause. — All laws, presidential decrees,
certificate of registration that of another; executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby
(c) Any person who gives any false, or fraudulent evidence of repealed or modified accordingly.
any kind to the Board or any member thereof in obtaining a
certificate of registration as teacher; Sec. 34. Effectivity Clause. — This Act shall take effect after
fifteen (15) days following its complete publication in the
(d) Any person who impersonates any registrant of the same Official Gazette or in two (2) newspapers of general
or different name; circulation.
(e) Any person who uses a revoked or suspended certificate Approved: December 16, 1994
of registration;
(f) Any person who, in connection with his name, otherwise REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9293
assumes, uses or advertises any title or description tending to AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECS OF REPUBLIC
convey or conveys the impression that he is a teacher without ACT NUMBERED SEVENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED AND
holding a valid certificate; and THIRTY-SIX (R.A. NO. 7836), OTHERWISE KNOWN AS
THE “PHILIPPINE TEACHERS
(g) Any person who violates or who abets the violation of any PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF 1994”
of the provisions of this Act.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
The penalty of fine or imprisonment or both, as provided in the Philippines in Congress assembled:
this section, shall also apply to any school official who shall
cause or be responsible for the commission of any of the SECTION 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836
above-enumerated acts. is hereby amended as follows:
Sec. 29. Appropriations. — Such sums as may be necessary “SEC. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. – No
to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be included in the applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on
1996 General Appropriations Act and thereafter. the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied
with the following requirements:
Sec. 30. Implementing Guidelines. — The Board shall
formulate and adopt the necessary guidelines for the effective “(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized
implementation of the provisions of this Act within sixty (60) by the government and possesses the minimum educational
days of its approval. qualifications, as follows:
The Board shall submit to both Committees on Education, (1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early
Arts, and Culture; and the Committees on Civil Service and childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent;
Professional Regulation of the Senate and House of
Representatives, copies of the implementing rules and (2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree
guidelines within thirty (30) days after its promulgation. in elementary education (BSEED) or its equivalent;

Any violation of this section shall render the official/s (3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree
concerned liable under Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise in education or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a
known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for bachelor degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen
Public Officials and Employees" and other pertinent (18) units in professional education; and
administrative and/or penal laws.
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, granted therein: Provided, that only special permits with a
a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization or its validity of three (3) years may be renewed upon expiration
equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.”
education.”
SEC 4. References to the term “Department of Education,
SEC 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to Culture and Sports”, in section 4 (a) and section 25, and
read as follows: the term “DECS” in section 20, of the same Act, are hereby
amended to read as “Department of Education” and “DepEd”,
“SEC. 26. Registration and Exception. – No person shall respectively.
engage in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as
defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or SEC 5. Separability Clause. – If, for any reason, any section
secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered or provision of this Act or the application of such section or
professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of provision to any person or circumstance is declared
registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or provision of
valid special/temporary permit. this Act shall be affected thereby.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the SEC 6. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, circulars,
prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and professional administrative orders, rules and regulations, and other
license as a professional teacher shall be issued without issuances which are inconsistent with the provisions of this
examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant, Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
who is:
SEC 7. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect upon
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued approval.
by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports; or Approved,

(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board (Sgd.) JOSE DE VENECIA (Sgd.) FRANKLIN M.
for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and JR. DRILON
Speaker of the House of President of the Senate
Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006. Representatives
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession This Act, which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 2698
for the past five (5) years shall take at least twelve (12) units and House Bill No. 5411 was finally passed by the Senate and
of education courses, consisting of at least six (6) units of the House of Representatives on February 6, 2004 and
pedagogy and six (6) units of content courses, or the February 7, 2004, respectively.
equivalent training and number of hours, to be chosen from a (Sgd.) ROBERTO P. (Sgd.) OSCAR G. YABES
list of courses to be provided by the Board and the NAZARENO Secretary of the Senate
Department of Education, before they can be allowed to Secretary General House of
practice their profession in the country. Representatives
Approved: APR 21 2004
Those who have failed the licensure examination for
professional teachers, with a rating of not lower than five DITO ANG GLOBALIZATION KINEME
percentage points from the passing general average rating,
shall be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance by the Board dhbhdbbkjcbjknvnvjnjj
of a two-year special permit, renewable for a non-extendible
period of two (2) years. The para-teachers shall be assigned to
areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional
teacher, as identified and provided by the Department of
Education and the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM) education department to the Board for professional
teachers and to the Commission. The special permit shall
indicate the area of assignment of the para-teacher.
A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person
who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a
widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of
specialization.”
SEC 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to
LAWS PERTAINING TO TEACHERS
read as follows:
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
“SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits, with a
validity of three (3) and five (5) years, issued to para-teachers Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (e). Article 11, of R.
by the Board for Professional Teachers before the effectivity A.. No. 7836. otherwise known as the Philippines
of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period
Professionalization Act of 1994 and Paragraph (a), section 6. ARTICLE V – THE TEACHERS AND THE
P.D. No. 223. as amended, the Board for Professional PROFESSION. This article emphasizes the importance of
Teachers hereby adopt the Code of Ethics for Professional professional conduct among teachers. It highlights the need
Teachers. for mutual respect, cooperation, and loyalty among
colleagues. Teachers should credit others for their work,
PREAMBLE maintain confidentiality, and ensure a smooth transition when
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possesses leaving their position. They should address unethical behavior
dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as responsibly and submit any justified criticism through proper
technical and professional competence in the practice of their channels. Additionally, teachers should apply for positions
noble profession, they strictly adhere to. observe, and practice based on merit, ensuring fair consideration for all qualified
this set of ethical and moral principles, standards, and values. candidates.

ARTICLE I – SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS. It states that ARTICLE VI – THE TEACHER AND HIGHER
the Code applies to all teachers in both public and private AUTHORITIES IN THE PROFESSIONS. This article
educational institutions at various levels, including preschool, outlines the responsibilities and rights of teachers in relation
primary, elementary, and secondary. This includes teachers of to their higher authorities. Teachers are expected to support
academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-formal and follow school policies, even if they personally disagree
education, as well as those in supervisory or administrative with them. They should not make false accusations against
roles, regardless of whether they work full-time or part-time. their superiors but can present valid concerns formally.
The goal is to ensure all teachers are committed to providing Teachers are to follow proper channels for official business,
quality education as mandated by the Philippine Constitution but can appeal to higher authorities if necessary. They have
the right to seek justice for any wrongs they face, as long as
ARTICLE II – THE TEACHER AND THE STATE. This they do not harm students' education. Appointments and
article emphasizes the critical role of teachers in shaping promotions should be based on merit, and teachers are
future citizens by transmitting cultural and educational expected to honor their contractual obligations.
values, promoting national pride, and upholding laws.
Teachers are expected to support state policies, maintain ARTICLE VII – SCHOOL OFFICIALS TEACHERS
physical, mental, and moral fitness, and show full AND OTHER PERSONNEL. This article emphasizes the
commitment to their duties. They must remain politically conduct and responsibilities of school officials, teachers, and
neutral, exercise their constitutional rights responsibly, and other personnel within the education system. It emphasizes
not use their position to coerce others. Teachers also enjoy the importance of professionalism, cooperation, and support
academic freedom but must report findings that conflict with among all members. The key points include treating each
state policies to the appropriate authorities. other with respect, working together to make positive
changes, fostering the professional growth of teachers,
ARTICLE III – THE TEACHER AND THE ensuring fair treatment and due process, and adhering to
COMMUNITY. It emphasizes the important role of teachers relevant employment regulations. Essentially, it sets the
in both education and community life. Teachers should create standards for how everyone involved in education should
a positive learning environment and be active in community interact and collaborate for the benefit of students and the
improvement efforts. They should act honorably and avoid overall school community.
inappropriate behavior. Understanding and respecting local
customs is essential, as is keeping the community informed ARTICLE VIII – THE TEACHERS AND LEARNERS.
about the school’s activities and needs. Teachers should be This article highlights the responsibilities and rights of
community leaders, offering guidance and participating in teachers when it comes to evaluating students, maintaining
local matters. Maintaining good relationships with colleagues, fairness, and ensuring the well-being of learners. It
officials, and community members is crucial. While teachers emphasizes the importance of fair evaluation, avoiding
can practice their religion freely, they should not use their favoritism, and not accepting gifts or favors that could
position to influence others’ beliefs. influence decisions unfairly. Additionally, it addresses the
need for professional conduct, particularly in situations where
ARTICLE IV – A TEACHER AND THE PROFESSION. there may be a romantic attraction between a teacher and a
This article highlights the responsibilities and conduct student. Overall, it stresses the teacher's duty to prioritize the
expected of teachers. Teachers should regard teaching as a interests and welfare of students while upholding standards of
noble profession and show pride and enthusiasm in their professionalism and fairness.
work. They are expected to maintain high standards of
education, prepare thoroughly, and always perform at their ARTICLE IX – THE TEACHERS AND PARENTS. In
best. Continuous professional development is important, and this article, it is the responsibilities of teachers towards
teachers should engage in ongoing education to improve their parents. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining good
skills and stay competitive. They should also seek support relationships with parents, keeping them informed about their
from their school when needed but avoid unethical practices child's progress and areas needing improvement, and handling
for personal gain. Overall, teaching should be a respectable any complaints with empathy and fairness. In essence, it
way to earn a living. stresses the need for effective communication and
cooperation between teachers and parents for the benefit of subdivisions; but shall not include school nurses, school
the students' education and well-being. physicians, school dentists, and other school employees.
Article X - THE TEACHER AND BUSINESS. This article It emphasizes the importance of providing fair compensation,
delineates guidelines regarding the engagement of teachers in benefits, and opportunities for professional growth to ensure
business activities. It asserts the right of teachers to pursue the dignity and welfare of teachers.
legitimate income generation, as long as it doesn't interfere
with their teaching responsibilities. Teachers are expected to II. RECRUITMENT AND CAREER
maintain a good financial reputation, including settling debts It sets standards for recruitment and qualification, outlines
and managing personal finances responsibly. Additionally, probationary periods before tenure, grants job security upon
teachers are prohibited from acting as agents or having tenure, requires consent for transfers and reimburses
financial interests in commercial ventures related to the transportation expenses.
purchase and disposal of school commodities unless their role
inherently requires such involvement and complies with It establishes a code of professional conduct, ensures fair
existing regulations. However, members of recognized disciplinary procedures, prohibits discrimination, safeguards
teachers' cooperatives may participate in the distribution and against administrative charges, recognizes marriage, and
sale of school commodities. upholds academic freedom for teachers.
ARTICLE XI – THE TEACHER AS A PERSON. this The aim is to protect educators' rights, promote
article essentially outlines the ethical and moral expectations professionalism, and enhance their well-being within the
placed on teachers. It emphasizes that teachers should not public school system.
only impart knowledge but also embody values such as
III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION
dignity, self-discipline, and integrity. By maintaining a
dignified and disciplined demeanor, teachers not only set a Focuses on ensuring reasonable working conditions and fair
good example for their students but also earn the respect of compensation for teachers. It establishes guidelines for
their peers and the broader community. Additionally, the standard teaching hours, overtime, and rest periods to balance
recognition of a higher power reinforces the idea of effective teaching with teacher well-being.
accountability and humility in guiding one's actions. Overall,
it underscores the responsibility of teachers to live with It outlines criteria for a general salary scale with incremental
integrity and uphold moral principles. increases based on efficiency ratings every three years,
ensuring a reasonable order between the lowest and highest
ARTICLE XII – DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS. Section 1. paid salaries.
Any violation of any provisions of this code shall be
sufficient ground for the imposition against the erring teacher III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION
of the disciplinary action consisting of revocation of his Teachers must receive salaries not lower than those provided
Certification of Registration and License as a Professional for by the National Government, with adjustments for
Teacher, suspension from the practice of teaching profession, changes in the cost of living through automatic allowances.
reprimand or cancellation of his temporary/special permit
under causes specified in Sec. 23. Article HI or R.A. No. Special hardship allowances are mandated for teachers in
7836. and under Rule 31. Article VIII. of the Rules and challenging areas. Salaries are to be paid in the legal tender of
Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836. the Philippines or through designated banking institutions,
with deductions only authorized by specific laws.
ARTICLE XIII – EFFECTIVITY. Section 1. This Code
shall take effect upon approval by the Professional Regulation IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS
Commission and after sixty (60) days following its
publication in the official Gazette or any newspaper of Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of
general circulation, whichever is earlier charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and shall
be repeated not less than once a year during the teacher's
professional life.
REPUBLIC ACT 4670- MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC Teachers be protected against the consequences of
SCHOOL TEACHERS employment injuries in accordance with existing laws and
shall be recognized as a compensable occupation.
I. DECLARATION OF POLICY COVERAGE
IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS
Republic Act 4670, also known as the Magna Carta for Public
School Teachers, Declares the policy of the state to promote Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of
and improve the social and economic status of public school charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and shall
teachers in the be repeated not less than once a year during the teacher's
professional life.
Apply to all public school teachers and all other persons
performing supervisory functions in all schools, colleges and
universities operated by the Government or its politic
Teachers be protected against the consequences of • It acknowledges the valuable contribution that private
employment injuries in accordance with existing laws and schools have made and will continue to make to education.
shall be recognized as a compensable occupation.
• The law emphasizes that the government's responsibility to
V. LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS provide basic elementary and secondary education takes
priority over higher education.
This established that compensation for one year study leave is
contingent upon the teacher completing the regular study load Criteria for Providing Assistance to Students:
and passing at least 75% of their courses. Study leave
exceeding one year may be permitted by the Secretary of 1. The law establishes criteria for providing assistance to
Education without compensation. students, including tuition fees charged by schools,
socio-economic needs of each region, overall school
Teachers may be granted indefinite sick leave if their illness performance, academic qualifications and financial
requires treatment exceeding one year. needs of students, and the geographic spread and size
of the student population.
Public school teachers who meet age and service
requirements under retirement laws will receive a salary raise 2. Student grantees under the Private Education Student
upon retirement, which serves as the basis for calculating Financial Assistance Program must be enrolled in
retirement pay and monthly benefits thereafter. schools with accredited programs or are applying for
accreditation as determined by the Federation of
VI. TEACHERS' ORGANΙΖΑΤΙΟΙn
Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines.
Public school teachers have the freedom to establish and join
3. Preference is given to students whose family income
organizations, locally or nationally, to advance their interests
does not exceed a certain amount, initially set at
without interference or coercion.
thirty-six thousand pesos (P36,000) but subject to
Discrimination against teachers is prohibited. adjustment by the Council

National teachers' organizations must be consulted in 4. Assistance is extended to students in private post-
developing national educational policies, professional secondary education, including community colleges
standards, and governing the social security of the teachers. and non-degree programs such as vocational and
technical courses.
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
5. The law encourages students to pursue tertiary
The Secretary of Education will create rules and regulations education in the same region where their families
for this Act, effective 30 days after publication. reside.
The Secretary must annually submit budget estimates to 6. The programs of assistance are only available to
Congress for benefits to public school teachers under the Filipino citizens.
National Government.
Forms of Assistance
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
 The law outlines various forms of assistance,
Interfering with teachers' rights under the Act is punishable including tuition fee supplement for students in
by fines or imprisonment, with dismissal for public officials. private high schools, vocational and technical
Conflicting laws are repealed, amended, or modified. If any courses, and private colleges and universities.
part of the Act is invalidated, the rest remains in force. The  It establishes the High School Textbook Assistance
Act takes effect upon approval. Fund to provide assistance for the purchase of high
school textbooks in private schools.
Expanded Government Assistance to Students and  The law expands the existing Educational Service
Teachers in Private Education Act Contracting (ESC) Scheme, which provides tuition
and fee assistance to excess students in public high
Republic Act No. 6728
schools and students in communities without public
• The purpose of the law is to improve the accessibility and high schools.
quality of education in the Philippines by providing financial  The law introduces the voucher system of the Private
assistance, scholarships, and loan programs to students in Education Student Financial Assistance Program
private schools, with a focus on elementary and secondary (PESFA) to provide financial assistance to college
education. freshmen.
 Private colleges and universities are required to
Recognition of Public and Private Educational provide full o half-tuition waivers for a certain
Institutions percentage of entering freshmen, including
• The law recognizes the important role of both public and valedictorians and salutatorians from both public and
private educational institutions in the educational system. private high schools.
  Underprivileged students, based on family income,
are eligible for scholarships and allowances under the
PESFA program. Non-freshmen students in private
colleges and universities can avail themselves of
assistance through a voucher system.
 The law sets limits on tuition fee increases and
requires consultation with stakeholders before any
proposed increase.
 It establishes the Education Loan Fund, which allows
students to avail themselves of loans for their
education, with repayment starting after they finish
their course or profession.
 The law also provides for low-interest educational
loans from the Social Security System Fund
The In-service Training Fund
(Inset Fund) will be established in the Department of
Education Culture and Sports to improve the quality of
teaching in private secondary education. The Inset Fund will
be available only to qualified licensed teachers in
participating private high schools, and the College Faculty
Development Fund will provide scholarships for graduate
degree, degree, and non-degree workshops or seminars for
faculty members in private post-secondary vocational and
technical institutions and higher educational institutions.
Teachers' Salary Subsidy Fund
The DECS has established a Teachers' Salary Subsidy Fund
to provide government subsidies to private high school
teachers participating in assistance programs. The subsidy
must not exceed 80% of the teacher's public sector salary, and
must not exceed any salary increase. Teachers must be
licensed by the Professional Regulation Commission, and a
voucher for the subsidy will be provided within 60 days of the
school year's end. In case of insufficient funds, priority will
be given to married teachers supporting families.
Program Administration/Rules and Regulations
The State Assistance Council is responsible for policy
guidance, monitoring, and evaluating programs, while the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports, TESDA, and
CHED manage day-to-day administration and implementation
for private secondary education, post-secondary vocational
and technical education, and higher education.