Management of Principle and
Business Ethics
2 Mark's
1. Define Management
Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources (such
as human, financial, and material) to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently.
2.Write a brief note on Organisational culture
Organizational culture influences how employees interact with each other, approach their
work, and make decisions.
It plays a crucial role in shaping employee morale, job satisfaction, and performance, as well
as in attracting and retaining talent
3.what is Tactical Planning
Tactical planning involves the detailed, short-term planning aimed at implementing the
strategic goals and objectives of an organization
It typically covers a time frame of one to three years and focuses on specific actions and
initiatives to be taken to support the overall strategic direction
4.What do you mean by brain storming
Brainstorming is a creative problem-solving technique used to generate a large number of
ideas or solutions to a specific problem or challenge
It typically involves a group of individuals coming together in a collaborative and non-
judgmental environment to freely share their ideas, thoughts, and suggestions.
5. What is delegation management
Delegation in management refers to the process of assigning authority and responsibility to
subordinates or team members to carry out specific tasks or activities on behalf of a manager
or leader. It involves transferring decision-making power, along with the associated
accountability, to individuals who are capable of performing the delegated tasks effectively.
6.Define startergy
A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal or objective. It involves
making choices and allocating resources to effectively utilize the organization's strengths,
overcome weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate threats.
Strategies are typically developed based on an analysis of internal and external factors, such
as market conditions, competition, and available resources, and they provide a roadmap for
how an organization will achieve its desired outcomes over a defined period of time.
7.Examine the need for Optimum span of control
The concept of span of control refers to the number of subordinates or employees that a
manager or supervisor can effectively supervise and manage. The need for an optimum span
of control arises from several factors
1.Efficiency
2.Effectiveness
3.Communication
4.Flexibility
5.Co Ordination
8.What is feed forward control
Feedforward control is a management control mechanism that focuses on preventing
problems before they occur by anticipating potential issues and taking proactive measures to
address them
9.Expand MBE
MBE can stand for "Member of the Order of the British Empire," an honorific title awarded by
the British monarch for outstanding service to the community or significant achievements in
various fields such as arts, sciences, charity work, or public service.
10..Who is effective leader
An effective leader is someone who possesses a combination of key traits, skills, and
behaviors that enable them to inspire, motivate, and guide others towards achieving shared
goals and objectives.
11.What is Ethical Dilemma
An ethical dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with a difficult choice between
two or more conflicting moral principles, values, or obligations. In such situations, there is
often no clear right or wrong answer, and the individual must weigh the potential
consequences of their actions and make a decision that aligns with their ethical beliefs while
considering the interests of others involved.
12.Write a note on Un ethical Behaviour
Unethical behavior refers to actions or conduct that violates commonly accepted moral
principles, ethical standards, or codes of conduct. It involves behaviors that are dishonest,
unfair, or harmful to others, and it often undermines trust, integrity, and the well-being of
individuals or organizations.
13.What do you mean by unity of command
Unity of command is a principle of management that states that each subordinate within an
organization should report to only one supervisor or manager. This principle ensures clear
lines of authority, accountability, and communication within the organizational hierarchy.
14.Why conceptual skill is required for a manager
Conceptual skill is crucial for managers because it enables them to understand the
organization as a whole, envision its future direction, and formulate strategies to achieve its
goals
15.Write a brief note on fatigue study
Fatigue study, also known as fatigue analysis or fatigue assessment, is a systematic
examination of the factors contributing to fatigue in individuals or groups, particularly in the
context of workplace settings. Fatigue is a state of physical or mental exhaustion that can
result from prolonged periods of physical or mental exertion, insufficient rest or sleep, or
excessive stress.
16.What is planning premises
Planning premises refer to the assumptions or conditions upon which a plan or decision is
based. These premises provide a framework for forecasting and decision-making, helping to
anticipate future events, trends, and outcomes that may impact the success of the plan. They
encompass factors such as market conditions, technological advancements, economic
trends, and organizational capabilities.
17..Define Policy
A policy is a predetermined course of action or a set of principles adopted by an organization,
government, or individual to guide decision-making and achieve specific goals or objectives.
Policies establish rules, standards, and guidelines to ensure consistency, fairness, and
effectiveness in operations, behavior, or decision-making within a particular context or
domain.
18..What is staff authority
Staff authority refers to the authority granted to individuals or departments within an
organization to provide advice, support, and specialized expertise to line or operational units.
19.What is resistance to change
Resistance to change refers to the reluctance or opposition that individuals or groups may
exhibit when faced with new ideas, initiatives, processes, or strategies within an organization
20.write short notes on decentralization
Decentralization is a management approach where decision-making authority and
responsibility are distributed across different levels of an organization, rather than being
concentrated at the top. This involves delegating decision-making power to lower-level
managers or departments, empowering them to make choices and take actions that align with
organizational goals and objectives
21. Mention any two qualities of good leader
Effective Communication: Good leaders are able to articulate their vision, goals, and
expectations clearly and effectively to their team members. They listen actively, encourage
open communication, and provide constructive feedback. They understand the importance
of communication in fostering collaboration, alignment, and motivation within the team.
Empathy: Good leaders demonstrate empathy by understanding and acknowledging the
feelings, perspectives, and needs of their team members. They cultivate a supportive and
inclusive work environment where individuals feel valued, respected, and understood. By
empathizing with their team members, good leaders can build trust, foster strong
relationships, and enhance overall team morale and performance.
22. What is informal communication
Informal communication refers to the transmission of information, ideas, or messages within
an organization through unofficial channels or methods, outside of the formal hierarchical
structure.
23.Give an example for unethical behavior in workplace
An example of unethical behavior in the workplace is:
Misuse of Company Resources: This occurs when employees use company resources, such as
office supplies, equipment, or time, for personal gain or activities unrelated to work. For
instance, an employee might use office computers to browse social media or shop online
during work hours, or misuse company vehicles for personal errands. This behavior not only
wastes company resources but also violates company policies and undermines organizational
productivity and trust.
24.Outline the limitations of code of ethics
1.Subjectivity
2.Enforcement Challenges
3.Lack of Specificity
4.Influence of Organizational Culture
5.Limited Scope
6.Potential for Ethical Blind Spots
7.Resistance to Change
8.Limited Accountability
25. Write a brief note on time study
Time study is a method used in industrial engineering to establish the time required to
perform a specific task or activity. It involves observing, recording, and analyzing the
sequence of motions and actions performed by a worker to complete a task.
26.What do you mean by interpersonal skill
Interpersonal skills refer to the abilities and qualities that individuals use to effectively
interact and communicate with others. These skills include verbal and non-verbal
communication, active listening, empathy, conflict resolution, negotiation, teamwork, and
leadership
27.Define Corporate planning
Corporate planning is a strategic management process undertaken by organizations to define
their long-term goals and objectives and to develop plans and strategies to achieve them.
28. Give an example for short term plan
An example of a short-term plan could be a marketing campaign to promote a new product
launch. This plan might include specific actions and milestones to be achieved within a short
timeframe, such as:
1.Developing marketing materials
2.Launching an advertising campaign on social media platform within three weeks
3.Monitoring campaign performance metrics
4.Hosting a product demonstration event at a local venue within four weeks.
5.Analyzing campaign effectiveness and making adjustments as needed within six weeks
29.Define strategy
Strategy refers to a comprehensive plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal or
objective. It involves analyzing the current situation, identifying opportunities and
challenges, and developing a coordinated set of tactics and initiatives to move toward the
desired outcome
30. What is line authority
Line authority refers to the traditional hierarchical structure within an organization where
individuals or positions hold the power to make decisions, give orders, and direct
subordinates within their designated areas of responsibility.
31.Mention any two external force of change
Two external forces of change are:
Economic Factors: Changes in economic conditions such as inflation, recession, changes in
interest rates, and shifts in consumer spending patterns can significantly impact businesses
Technological Advances: Rapid advancements in technology, including innovations in
automation, artificial intelligence, communication, and information technology, can disrupt
industries and create new opportunities or threats for organizations.
32.What is management by exception
Management by exception is a management principle where managers focus their attention
and intervention primarily on situations that deviate from established norms or standards,
rather than becoming involved in routine activities or tasks that are proceeding as expected
33.Give a brief note on historical Performance standards
Historical performance standards are benchmarks or criteria established based on past
performance data within an organization
34.What Is decoding in communication
Decoding in communication refers to the process by which a receiver interprets and
understands the message sent by the sender. It involves extracting meaning from the
symbols, words, gestures, or other forms of communication transmitted by the sender.
Decoding is a crucial step in the communication process as it determines whether the
intended message is accurately understood by the receiver.
35. Infer the importance of Ethical audit in modern day Organisation
Ethical audit plays a crucial role in modern-day organizations for several reasons:
Ensuring Compliance
Protecting Reputation
Building Trust
Mitigating Risks
Enhancing Sustainability
Improving Employee Morale and Engagement
36.State the Principle of Scientific management
The principle of Scientific Management, formulated by Frederick W. Taylor, revolves around
the following key ideas:
Scientific Approach
Work Specialization
Standardization of Tools and Techniques:
Scientific Selection and Training of Workers
Close Supervision and Monitoring
Incentive Systems
37. What is startegic planning
Strategic planning is a systematic process that organizations undertake to define their long-
term goals and objectives and to develop strategies and action plans to achieve them
38.What is tactical decission
A tactical decision is a decision made by an organization or individual to address specific
short- to medium-term challenges or opportunities within the context of broader strategic
objectives. Unlike strategic decisions, which focus on long-term goals and overall direction,
tactical decisions are more immediate and focus on the implementation of strategies and
plans to achieve those goals
39.Write notes on master budget
A master budget is a comprehensive financial plan that incorporates all of the individual
budgets of an organization into one overall budget. It serves as a blueprint for the
organization's financial activities and performance over a specific period, typically one fiscal
year
1.Comprehensive Overview
2.Integration of Individual Budgets
3.Coordination and Control:
4.Basis for Performance Evaluation
5.Financial Planning Tool
6.Communication Tool
40.Name some controlling techniques used in today's business
Several controlling techniques are commonly used in today's businesses to monitor and
manage performance, ensure compliance with established standards, and achieve
organizational objectives. Some of these techniques include:
1.Budjectory control
2.Varience analysis
3.key performance indicators
4.Management by objectives
5.Balanced score card
6.Quality control
7.Internal control
8.Bench marking
9.Performance reviews
10.Information technology systems
41.What is meant by span of control
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates or employees that a manager or
supervisor directly oversees and is responsible for managing.
42.Define Power and authority
Power refers to the ability of an individual or group to influence or control the behavior,
actions, or decisions of others.
Power can be formal or informal, and it may be based on various sources such as expertise,
charisma, position, or resources.
Power does not necessarily require the explicit authorization or legitimacy to influence
others; it can be exerted through persuasion, coercion, or manipulation
Authority:
Authority refers to the legitimate right or permission to make decisions, give orders, and
enforce rules or policies within a specific organizational or social context.
Authority is typically vested in individuals or positions within a formal hierarchy, such as
managers, leaders, or government officials.
Authority derives from recognized roles, responsibilities, and positions within an
organizational structure or social system, and it is often accompanied by rights and
obligations.
Unlike power, authority is based on legitimacy and is formally conferred or granted by higher
authorities or by established rules and procedures.
43.State the importance of corporate social importance
Enhanced Reputation and Brand Image
Stakeholder Engagement and Trust
Risk Management and Compliance
Attracting and Retaining Talent
Innovation and Competitive Advantage
Community Development and Impact
Long-Term Sustainability and Resilience
44.what is Business ethics
Business ethics refers to the principles, values, and standards of conduct that guide the
behavior of individuals and organizations in the business environment. It involves applying
ethical principles to business activities, decision-making processes, and relationships with
stakeholders
45.Define MBO
MBO stands for Management by Objectives. It is a management approach where
organizational goals are translated into specific objectives for individual employees or teams
46. What is deligation of authority
Delegation of authority refers to the process of assigning decision-making authority and
responsibility from a manager or supervisor to a subordinate or team member. It involves
transferring the power to make decisions, take actions, and manage tasks or projects to
individuals who are lower in the organizational hierarchy but deemed capable of handling the
delegated responsibilities effectively.
47. Define innovation
Innovation refers to the process of creating and implementing new ideas, products, services,
processes, or methods that result in positive change or improvement. It involves the
transformation of creative ideas or concepts into tangible outcomes that add value, solve
problems, or meet the needs of individuals, organizations, or society.
48.Define leadership
Leadership is the process of influencing and guiding individuals or groups toward achieving
shared goals or objectives. It involves inspiring, motivating, and empowering others to
contribute their skills, talents, and efforts toward a common vision or purpose. Effective
leadership encompasses a range of qualities, behaviors, and skills,
49..What is non verbal communication
Nonverbal communication refers to the transmission of messages or information without the
use of words or language. It involves conveying meaning through facial expressions, gestures,
body language, posture, tone of voice, eye contact, and other nonverbal cues
50. write short notes on Planning Premises
A planning premise is an assumption or expectation about future conditions or events that
forms the basis for making plans or decisions. It helps organizations or individuals anticipate
possible outcomes and develop strategies accordingly.
51 .What is figure head role
A figurehead role refers to a position or title held by someone who has symbolic authority or
prestige but lacks real power or influence
52.What do you mean by motion study ?
Motion study is a systematic analysis and evaluation of the movements involved in
completing a task or process.
53. What is an Objective
An objective is a specific and measurable goal or outcome that an individual or organization
aims to achieve within a defined period.
54.What Is departmentation
Departmentation is the process of dividing an organization into distinct units or departments
based on specific criteria, such as functions, products, customers, geography, or processes
55. what is line authority
Line authority is the authority granted to individuals or positions in a hierarchical
organizational structure to make decisions, give orders, and direct the activities of
subordinates within their designated area of responsibility
56.what is imposed policy
Impose policy" refers to the act of establishing or enforcing a set of rules, regulations,
guidelines, or principles within an organization, community, or government.
57.What do you mean by encoding
Encoding refers to the process of converting information or data from one form into another,
typically to facilitate storage, transmission, or interpretation
58.Who is a autocratic leader
An autocratic leader is someone who holds absolute power and authority over decision-
making within an organization or group.
59.what is purpose of code of conduct
The purpose of a code of conduct is to establish guidelines, principles, and standards of
behavior that individuals within an organization or community are expected to follow
