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z Z
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rine optimal complete For FoY among dterminu

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t
y
te
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t
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it these t (fiunig
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it tree nat thc hay
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hi
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te at alaha js
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whick
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we - for
le deptu beta witout we Can
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d
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r
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gos Thin
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de *
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peint «>:Bmain along
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probabiby
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binafon 24 -44
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Incident parall:-
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Vertez. Lco?
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yeriz A may an
Edge verhces

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V, k the
w5 Loop
Vas, o '
i yer
olay'
us.. =
14
isola :2 he
dyr v.
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degree ponibk. e, aa
gnanh No
but So Heie 5x3/5odbd
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ru wethy-"
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and
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Statbirg E-(vi, Sol:
pirechd degre l
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vesticy
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rderedpa. 70-62
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dega
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the
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Verke Verla Trivial ees no-of Undirected

Grogh-
Nul
ghagh.
a:
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calld
Contais
ih
ed (o) arh
ripy vn
finit as ovaaved
heb
only
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gnd is
mpty
gaph.
well
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is calld ab aàt of
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ont where
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d
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in So
G. hee vesiay will of edge n(n-)
ment tuo No
az r
vevhes
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thtesen count gnaph
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an
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Sol:- *GU=KGnG:NULL

G
30+t
an-66Xtat

G6 ,
iG 2
+
36 Quesiory

2
n(n:). =

n(n-)
X
t

21

Sol:
EG) n-) n*-
n--n n-n
n'-in (2t)eG) nln-)
136
56 156, (n+1) -13a
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+16n-a?:0
hn-)
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72 :o 13
cl) 28-12
: 2.
n(n) 8()
-0,
so, 2
2 2
v(6)-)
132
n2,
n:-16

n-}
mazimun)nno-ot iduos
undiuetd Die Wt
We * and Spanning poMsibl all bubnet
Vettiçes Cannot
have A
arleat
anda
found
Camplte dcennechd Concls the
cndireedlq

of A
any it yerHes

.
gnaph
graph.
thre
Spamning

be
be
bpannad
6panning
cne
ion
definitioy Cannot

'e nunmk

Graph
Spaming

bpanning deunat
that
ot
bpanning Coverd'

gnagh'dou
be
Trecb. Gy
Ca A tee,
every
We dia «dgu.
with
which
trec
bpanniy
hate-A
complete
to,a Can
connec
hav i4
tree.
co cycly Henc,a a
treus
Ers an |has nhccke dvaw
mìnìmo

hab'

il it nat lid.
hej. a ik.
* * |* Gcneval
E:3 wheee

coátract
Mathe * tree 7 7mOre
From
ie Cycl The
Verhas
Conneekd.
mazimum mazimum spaming
acye
Lrec' Adding
ie Rmoving
AL A
Complete
he bpanning ave pomible Connec
maical
will the will than
a
conplete
le áparming

Cyeak one hp
ayning make
(loaps).

he lid
proprig
3 nods
"no.fspanmiy qnapk
a Eru one Apanming
one
graph
spaming

propeiieh, jbam
Apammia -p+1 tiee
a the edge
cdau spaning

gnaph ha tre cic tre qnap

Can,have edgu,
s is trom
dounot
no-d G. of Erces
n-1 uib Can jpanning
qainimaly.

brec: ,hy f
rhazimally
h
tre. have are
(or) dibconnct
have èdg
remgvìng
ag3MST spannng
he
lop. bpay J
poi
tres Can any

tyet @ have G
Apphcaion
* atgoritinj Ereh phus,
O 0 Spanning,
mum
nadebfind

both prim's
TWO
Jane au Minimum

clsbr
0
and
othe?
Conpubr
ciil
Civil
Krùsxal'
moht
Algeri
hathas
hpanning In in
a Apaniny
are
q gna Nelor anapk,
minimum çiconnec
we
a Spanning
NeEwork
a can
Algorihn
here
Bparmin
Weighb:d
anajinis.
Nlp Ere hubat
impoyt tnces
of
Agani - miniou tree, Routing
io spaming
tre conclude

means
pjanning
planningo pah basically
hd
ant i4,.4.. 'gnaqph,
aYe!
Common

qngphs
of
rees
tö Conneckd

m 4panig
e:-[nsT
prokocol. connck
tree: that
ok Apamiy
uscd do.nat
the a opplcaby
Spami
miai g
al t
kr
Cage
Eampl:
auociabd
*Ihcase
Remove
3-IF 2
2.
on from
bre a, d,e b,a Cjd C,e b,c b
which
(n) will of
o
bmállat
edqes
AE tninimal

(it Choohe To
findi
krubxa)

each thee
thu G not
of not
has
al ga
ninimal
givtn
is an
arid has
parle|
looßs n
Creat
weigks
ye htage
weight,
tnore coe
Algoithm
4 3 13 3 emoye the gph vertiay.
choosèn, isaghen
choose
and a than
of
co'g4, cyel whose choone
31+142
least
An
fam one mini
Stop i
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