Explore…. What is this image? What do you know about it already?
CAPTION THIS PHOTO.
Cell Division and Cancer “Humans and dogs are 95 percent identical genetically — and the diseases that affect humans including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma are almost identical." NBC News
1. Watch short video: Could Dogs Hold the Key to Curing Cancer? (2 min) 2. Dogs are also good MODELS for cancer studies because they live closely with humans. Things that cause cancer in humans cause cancer in dogs.
What are the different types of
cancer you have heard of.
Are they all the same?
Are some worse than others? 3. Mini - Group Discussion (~ 10 minutes) Have one person summarize your a. Do you know anyone who has cancer or group’s responses to turn in. who has died of cancer? Describe your experiences and share with the group. What are some experiences people have in common?
b. Why do you think it’s difficult to cure
cancer?
c. If your dog had cancer, would you give
treatment (amputation, chemotherapy, radiation)? Explain your position. 4. What exactly is cancer? A doctor who specializes in cancer is called an Cancer occurs when cells of your body begin to divide ONCOLOGIST. uncontrollably and form a tumor. If the tumor stops growing, it is called BENIGN. If the tumor continues to grow, it is called MALIGNANT. 5. Cancer is a disorder of the CELL CYCLE.
-Cells divide as you grow and repair tissues.
-Each new cell needs to be an exact copy of the original. -If there are errors in the process, a cell may become cancerous. 6. Why do cells become cancer cells? The answer is in your genes, or your DNA. Genes control all of your traits Mutations in genes can lead to cancer.
We’ll explore how
this happens and why.
If we can establish the causes of cancer, we can find ways to treat cancer. 46 7. Chromosomes chromosomes - structures in the nucleus that contain DNA
- sections of DNA make up
genes
Humans have 46 in every
cell except sperm and eggs.
Dogs have 72 8. Types of Cells in the Body Diploid - cells that have both sets, body cells Haploid - cell that have only 1 set (half), sex cells 9. Why do cells divide?
Your body cells divide as you grow
They divide when you need to repair tissue They divide to replace worn-out cells. 10. Cell spend most of their life in INTERPHASE - during this time, cells grow and perform functions - DNA makes a copy
Most of the cells in this
image are in interphase. 11. Chromosome Structure - chromosomes are found in the nucleus - made of identical sister chromatids - held together by a centromere Chromatid
Nucleus Cell Membrane
XX Centromere X
Chromosomes X DNA 12. Cell Cycle Phases
Interphase - DNA copies,
cell activities and growth,usually longest phase Mitosis - The division of the nucleus, ~ 12 hours Cytokinesis - The division of the cytoplasm that results in two daughter cells 13. Phases of Mitosis → IPMAT
1. (Interphase) 2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase (6. Cytokinesis) 14. What happens during each phase?
Prophase: Chromosomes visible,
spindle forms as centrioles move
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up
along equator
Anaphase: Chromatids separate
Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms,
cytokinesis begins 15. What is the role of the spindle in mitosis? - fibers anchored to the centrioles - attaches to the centromeres - moves chromosomes chromosome
centromere
centriole
spindle Check Yourself
Name the phases
starting at the top. Identify the phases. 1. Name the phase 2. Identify X 3. Identify Y Name the phase. Quick Check
1. In humans, each cell (except sex cells) has how many chromosomes? ______ 2. After mitosis, how many daughter cells are produced? _______ 3. After mitosis (in a human cell), each daughter cell has how many chromosomes? _____ 4. How many phases are in MITOSIS? ___________ 5. Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest? _________ 6. During which phase does cytokinesis begin? __________ 16. Cytokinesis in Plants and Animals
Animal cells pinch
inward to make daughter cells
Plants cells build
a new cell wall. 17. Cancer - results when DNA is copied with an error during interphase.
- That error prevents the cells from knowing
when to stop dividing.
Metastasis = malignant growths that occur a distance from the primary site of cancer 18. Comparing Normal Cells to Cancer Cells 19. Why do errors happen? --DNA is damaged by chemicals called CARCINOGENS.
-When you are exposed to
these chemicals, your risk of cancer increases.
Some examples:
● Smoking ● UV radiation (sunlight) ● Some pesticides ● Asbestos 20. Can you catch cancer? -Cancer is not contagious, but some VIRUSES can cause cells to become cancerous.
-HPV or Human Papillomavirus Virus has
been linked to cervical cancer.
-A vaccine to protect you from HPV can
reduce the chance of cervical cancer.
Should schools require students to get an
HPV Vaccine, why or why not? Should boys get this vaccine? HeLa Cells Article on Henrietta Lacks -A HeLa cell is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. -Cells were from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who eventually died of her cancer on October 4, 1951.
For fun: what would the name of your immortal line of
cells be? (First two letters of your first name + first two letters of your last name.) 22. How Do We Treat Cancer? -Chemotherapy = Drugs stop the replication of DNA or stop spindle fiber formation
-These chemicals also damage healthy cells, which is why patients may lose their hair. 23. Radiation treatments - target the tumor directly and destroy the cells - It can also destroy healthy cells 24. Tissue Removal
-Doctors may remove the
tissue that is cancerous, such as an amputation of
- women with breast cancer
may have a mastectomy Osteosarcoma is bone cancer, common in golden retrievers. Usually treated by amputation. Exit Ticket: 1. Why do you think it’s difficult to cure cancer?
2. Some individuals make claims that there is a
cure for cancer but it is being hidden to keep more people sick. Given what you know about cancer, do you think this is likely? Why or why not?
