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DER THE LICENSGERQMBIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)VARANASI ON 28/08/2038 08°55,
paresis 1S : 4995 ( Part Il) - 1974
(Reaffirmod 2003 )
Indian Standard (Reattiemed 2012)
CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE BINS FOR STORAGE
OF GRANULAR AND POWDERY MATERIALS,
PART I! DESIGN CRITERIA
(First Revision )
Fifth Reprint JUNE 1996
UDC 624.953,012.45
‘SUPPLY BLREAJUNDER THE LICENSE FROM EIS! FORINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GHL)-VARANAS! ON28(08:2024 09 86:29 (108.151.209.
© Copyright 1975
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr6 September 1975 }ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GHU)-VARANASI ON 280812088 09:55
1S: 4998 ( Pare It )~1974
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE BINS FOR STORAGE
OF GRANULAR AND POWDERY MATERIALS
PART Il DESIGN CRITERIA
( First Revision)
Criteria for Design of Structures Sectional Gomi
ee, BDC 38
Chsirnae Repromting
Paor ©. 8. Rawaswany ‘Structural Engineering Roserch Centre (CSIR ,
Montes
Suar M. Ramazan ( Altaate 10
Riot Gf. Rasanenny
Indian Inutitwte of Technology, New Delhi
wo Allarnae)
“Chaweriee, Polly Kukreja, New Delhi
dian Yetta of Technology, Kanpur
University of Roorkee, Roorkee
(Continued on page 2)
© Coprieht 1975
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
‘This publication is protected under the Jadian Copyright dct (XIV of 1957) and
in whele or in part by any means except with written perminion of the
ppublisber shall be deemed to be an infeingement of copyright under the wid Act.
SUPPLY BUREAL LINDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 2808/2024 09:55 29 108.181 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/08/2088 09:55
18 1 4995 (Part 1) + 1974
(Contoned from page)
Montes Raprsming
Sent BK, Jemma, Cenieal Building Rewareh Iasitate (CSTR),
a ilding te (CSIR),
sonSZyHS,G°r Aten) 5 pense couas
se Pens 5 omsasn (Alienate) .
1 at Conaing Eagincers Bombay.
Sune X.CKanaxcuanbase Engineers tndis Limited, New Dell
Seth Rervenwany "™) inisey of Food & Aqriulare (Dy of
unt BM. Kusvenwanne a 10 (Department
a ve Fad), Rew Deni anes Ove
mnt Manes Ras personal (Caulting Engin, 12 E,
Figimee Cam New Dat)
SmatM. A. Manca Concrete Amociation of India, Bortay
Le Gora 8 Mara pogigersin-Cale' ranch, Army Headquarters
S02 Banana) Catia) .
Sumi K.c. Pawo ‘Shah fe Pandya, Bombay
Saat anwar Rao Ministry of transport (Roads Wing)
‘Sui. Seevwamanan (Alara)
Sua RL Aas Rae Phe Nice ada Development Corperason
Dr J, K,Sausman Rao Natal Gems om Scene an Techosogy,
Suns T_N, Summa Rao Gannon Toda Li, Bombay
See Babee (Atenas) Kew
os Re Cnarremsnm ( Alurus ee Hein Factory, New Dent
Da i'n. Sex dian Tonite of Technology, Kharagpur
De R'Maxascx (Alera)
Sent @.N’Saunevaaase GR. Narayana Rao, Madea
SegemiumonnieSenvevon or Conel Fav Werks Deparment, New Duh
‘Sans V. Vevearenwancis ( Aamele)
Sem MC Te (a ) ‘Stup India Lid, Bombay:
Made MO) Vanesa, Consulting Ragaees,
Sa Ahmedabad .
yor? © Vononee seated err eietey Mes
TET aoe (saree
set ent ey el ay 7
ik yee amare .
co
—_
sun ¥ soca
Aetna)
(oman met)
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHJ)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/08/2088 09:55
1514995 (Pare 1)- 1974
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE BINS FOR STORAGE
OF GRANULAR AND POWDERY MATERIALS
PART i) DESIGN CRITERIA
( First Revision )
0 FOREWORD
0.4 This todian Standard (Part IL) (lest Revision) wat adopted by the
Indian Sandardstastution on 9 December 197 ner the deal Baaliced
by the. Gre for Detign of Sewcturs Sertosal Commince hed been
approved by the Civil Engincerig Division Council
0.2 Storage structures like bins (silos and bunkers) for storing diferent
fare one among the important structures coming wp in. any
or organized storage complex. ‘The neceuity to wore and contain
‘coke, coal, ores, etc, in the various steel plants and other
jcural eatablehiments cannot be over emphasized. In coment factories
ts well as in construction projects, cement is Mored in large lou. On the
axricukural front the foodgrain storage suctares and sik play vital role
in ensuring the supply of foodgraine a all times of the year. Bulk storage
of suasceiahs in bits hee certain advantages over other forme of worags.
‘Therefore, the necessity to formulate criteria for design of such structures
tas been elcand ths standards sed ving the sce) sine
to arrive at the structural design of reinforced concrete bine for the storage
of various materials of different properties and characteristics.
0.3 15: 4995-1968" covered the requirements of the structural design for
foorgrain storage bins (silos). It has been fc that instead of bringing out
‘standard to cover the requirements ofall materials other than
ins t woukd be vseful wo cover the sbject under one standard 12
‘which the requirements of diferent materials could be dealt with adequa-
tely. Therefore, the revision of 1S :4995-1968* was taken up to cover the
requirements of storage bins for all materials including foodgrains.
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHJ)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/0820 09:55
181 4995 ( Part IL) «1974
A The different aoved material, each, ne eke, cul oct fedgraion
fenilizers, cement, flour ete, can be clasified either as granular’ or
fratecal, “Enterive research work all over the worl has idicted tt
assessment of bin loads caused due to a stored material would require
different treatment depending upon whether it is a granular
‘material. Taking this into consideration this standard is
and is published in two parts namely, Part I General princi
Stessment of bin loads and Part II Design criteria. This stand
necessary adjunct to Part I.
5 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
the findings of recent research and international coordination, among the
and in different countries, This hay been
Merwin by rebing to he fatowlngunndardesod pucaions
DIN 1055 | 1964 (Sheet 6), Design loads for buildings — Bin loads
‘Deutscher Normenausschluss.
BOHM (F). The calculation of circular silo cells for the storage of
cement. C & CA Library Translation; No. 101. Cement and
‘Concrete Association, London.
GRAY (WS) and MANNING (C A). Concrete water towers,
‘bunkers, silos and other elevated structures.
PIEPER (K.) and WENZEL (F). Pressure distribution in bins,
1964. Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, Munchen.
REISNER (W) and ROTHE (ME). Bins and bunkers for hand-
ling bulk materials, M, E, Trans Tech Publications, Ohio.
SAPARIAN (88) end HARRIS (EC). Devermination of aie
‘mum wall thickness and temperature steel in conventionally
reinforced circular concrete silos. Journal of the American Concrete
Institute, July 1970; 539-547,
in all dog, snd contraction, Report of ACE Commins 918.
the American Concrete Institute, July 1968; 499-506
0.5.1 In view of the continuing research done on flow charactetiztcs of
‘materials, the emphasis in the code is on structural adequacy of bits
However, as regards flow characteristics of the material, the designers
‘would be well advised to consult the relevant literature. This code is based
‘on the latest available data and is amenable to review as and when more
reliable information on this subject becomes available.
1.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
Standard ts cbmpiedwithy the Btal value, obecrved or calclated
the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance wit
4
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM Eis FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHUJ-VARANAS| ON 28/08/2024 09:55:28 (10.151 209, )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/08/2088 09:55
1S: 4995 ( Part IT)-1974
1S:2-1960%. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
A.A This standard (Part 1) deals with the general desig evita forthe
design of reinforced concrete bins wsed for bulk storage of granular and
powdery materials.
13 This standard covers circular, polygonal and interice bins of a battery
of bins.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
2.1 Aeration — A process in which air is moved through the stored material
for ventilation,
2.2 Archiag— A phenomenon in the bin during the emptying of a stored
material giving ray to formation of arches of the mateFcl terom the bin
walle
23 Bin—A structure circular or al in plan and meant for
storing bulk in vertical direction. Silo is bin circular for poly-
foal in plan. Bunker isa bin whose eras section in plan would be sate
e rectangular.
24 Bin Loads — Loads exerted by a stored material on the walls of a bin.
2.5 Foodgrain — All cereals, pulses, millets, except oil seeds.
2.6 Granular Materials — All materials having mean particle size more
than 02 mm. No cohesion between the particles is assumed.
2.7 Interstice Bin — Bin that is formed out of the space enclosed by a
battery of interconnected bins.
28 Powdery Materials ~All materials having mean particle size less
than 0-06 min.
3. NOTATIONS .
3.1 For the purpose of this standard the following notations shall have the
‘meaning indicated against each:
4 = Horizontal cross-sectional area of the stored material
Ae = Area of columns, em*
ules for rounding off numerical value (roid )
5
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHJ)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM IS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 26/08/2094 08:55
15 : 4995 (Parc 1) ~ 1974
Acc = Conercte area in tension per unit height of bin wall, em4jm
Aum Aree of nreement in bin wall at he bein ender
Aue = Acca of reinforcement in column, em?
Gx w= Surface conductance of concrete to air, kealfm*h'C
G. = Thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete, kealfmh’C
G.= Surface conductance of concrete to storage material,
ealim'h°@
‘D = Internal diameter of a circular bin
E. = Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ey = Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel
‘= Height of bin wall
T= Moment of inertia of bin wal section
K = Cocificient of heat transmission
Ky = Coefficient of maximum bending moment in ri
Seder the coh yet ‘“s
a ficient of maximawin positive bending moment in
fica mimp oan olen ages
Ky = Confficicnt of maximum torsional moment in ring girder
K, = Safety factor for concrete cracking
= Span of bin wall-between supports
AM O.r-= Moment due to temperature difference {7 acros the bin
‘m= Modular ratio
= Concrete shrinkage coefficient
P= Calculated percentage of reinforcement in columns
pm tm Geom prenage of tne seifrement th
oe arch
Pa = Dead load on columns:
7 fen prom on the wal duc sre mates
P, = Ventical pressure on the horizontal crosssection of the stored
‘material
Pa = Vertical oad transferred to the wnit wall area due to friction
‘between material and bin wall
Pa = Presture normal to the longitudinal slope of hopper bottom
P, = Pressure along the longitudinal slope of hopper bottom
R= dl
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/0820 09:55
1S: 4995 ( Part I1)- 1974
Mean radius of ring girder
Radius of hopper at the plane under consideration
‘Temperature of stored material inside the bin ("C)
‘Atmospheric temperature outside the bin (°C )
‘Thickness of bin wall
‘Crack width in bin wall
Total load on the ring girder
Self weight of unit surface area of hopper bottom
‘Angle the hopper bottom makes with the horizontal
= Permissible tensile strength in concrete
‘aru = Compresive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days
= Actual stress in reinforcing steel
oi’ = Tensile strength of concrete
@ = Angular distance from column suj int of maximam
Torsional moment inthe ving der
¢ = Diameter of column reinforcement, em
ts = Coefficient of wall fiction during emptying
3 = Angle of wall friction
Ay = Pressure ratio during filling
Aa = Pressure ratio during emptying
1 = Coefficient of wall friction ( = tan 3)
ty = Coefficient of wall friction during filling
Ar = Temperature difference across the bin wall
‘6; = Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete
4. GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
4:1 General— Dimensions, shape and layout of reinforced concrete bins
shall conform to the provisions given under 4 of Part I of this standard,
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Cement — Cement used for reinforced concrete bins shall be either
ordinary or rapid hardening Portland cement conforming to 1S : 269-1967*
‘or blastfurnace slag cement conforming to 1S : 455-1967.
Specification Tor ordinary, rapid:hardening and lowshat Paand cement (smd
‘wi pecication for Portand blatfurnce sng cement (rid).
1
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM IS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 26/0872
18: 4995 (Part 11) - 1974
4.2.2 Stel—Stee! reinforcement shall be either mild steel or medium
temale see! bar conforming to 18:452 ( Part 1)-1966* or hard drawn
sed wire conforming to 15 452 (Part IL )-1960t or deformed bars conform
ing to 1S 1139-19064 or cold twisted bars Conforming to TS 1786-19664.
ass
i VA
4.2.2.1 For side walls and bin bottom deformed or cold twisted bars
shall be preferred due to their better bond characteristics and thus avoiding
large cracks and ensuring more uniform distribution of cracks.
42.3 Conereie Mix — Only controlled concrete of grade not leaner than
M150 18: 436-1968] and satisfying the relevant provisions
shall be wed for the construction of reinforced concrete bi
43 Doors and Openings — Openings required for manual acest to the
thn or for spon Teles, Seaton, teneratre detecon st, thal be let
during the proce of concreting” Breaking the previo lid concrete for
this purpose shall strily be avoided, ‘openings shall be provided
with airtight covers.
4341 Openings shall be avoided in the zones of critical
strenex. Small openings of sie les than or equal ‘0 five times the wall
‘thickness shall be treated in the same manner as in other conventional
reinforced concrete structures. Detailed analysis shall be made when large
‘openings, of size greater than five times the wall thickness, are required.
44 Supports — The arrangements for supporting the walls of a bin shall
depend upon the layout, the outlet openings, of draw off conveyors
land type of bin bottom, etc, For bins, columns shall normally
be placed at the junctions of ide "For circular bins the wall may be
either extended up to the foundation level or stopped on a ring beam
supported on a group of columns.
4.5 Foundations
45.1 The type of foundation forthe storage bin shall be decided taki
into account the layout, site conditions, nature of sil and the
transferred.
4.5.2 The bin structure shall rest on reinforced concrete raft foundation,
pple foundations or isolated footings depending upon the soil conditions,
|. Specfcation for mil tel and medium tensile sel bars and bard-dravn see wire
fag encreteteifocement Part BM sel and tum eae sel Da {nd
"Specification for mild steel and medium tensile see! bars and hard-drawn steel wire
for concrete reinforcement: Part Ul Hardedraven tel we (send ron).
congie seatercomen {otted} wet
"cic rl ited tel bar for cmc rfc (rind).
‘racice or pin and reaforced concrete { mrndwsson)-
SUPPLY BLREAJUNDER THE LICENSE FROM EIS FORINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU-VARANAS| ON26/08:2024 09 56:29 (108 151.209. )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU). VARANASI ON 28/08/2088 09:55
1S 4995 ( Part 11) 1974
Site investigations for foundation shall be carried out in accordance with
1S: 1892-1962*,
4.5.3 In case, the reinforced concrete raft
the top ofthe mat shal be atthe plinth evel
of foundation shall be carried out
pos S496 1964f, HS 10009694 HS = 2911 Bae F)-1O6,
1 (Part 111 )-1967f and 1S : 2950-19654.
to be laid over the piles,
5. DESIGN CRITERIA
5.1 General Requirements of Working Stress Method — Provision
‘hall be made for conditions of streas that may occur in accordance with
the principles of mechanics, recognized methods of design and sound
In patculas adequate conieration sal be in
Constiuction in the asesament of bending
5.2 Basis of Design —The general basis of design ofall components of a
sorage bin excopling ihe waif cad bin boswen Which ore ir bone wih
the stored roaeral shall be in accordance with the’ recommendations of
TS: 4361964
5.3 Design Loads and Effects
$30.The eae lading condom andi tall conte
we dering the varios comyonents fa texage bin, tmey, fin
walls, ring girder, hopper bottom, supporting columns and foundation!
3) Dead load of the structure:
1) Superimpored loads due to material handling and transportation
machinery, f any;
€) Bin loads as specified under Part I of this standard
4) Live load (for roof only ) recommended in 1S : 875-1964
©) Wind lond recommended in 18:875-1964*%;
£) Seismic loads recommended in IS :1898-1973t%;
1) Bifect due to temperature variation;
merece apie ie 1 Lond
penctice “onnruction ‘ona 7
eating concrete piles “
alee ot practice for design and contraction of pile Foundations —Port IIE User
AES ain mri oh bain,
fe ee aot.
Heer ‘estat deign of structures (shir retin
SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHJ)-VARANASI ON 2810812024 09:55 28 108.151 208, )ER THE LICENSE FROM IS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 28/06
1S 1 4995 ( Part I1)-1974
hy) Effect due to shrinkage of concrete; and
4) Effect of fixity of the bin at the top and bottom edges and with
adjoining structures.
53.1 While designing a bin structure, worst combinations of the loads
and effects named under 5.3.0 shall be considered.
53.2 Wind and seismic loads need not be considered as acting
simultaneously.
5.4 Permissible Stresses
SAL Stresses in Concrete — The permissible stresses in tension (direct
and dye to bending) and shear shall conform to the values specified in
Table 1. ‘The permisible tensile stress due to bending apply to the outside
face of the bin." In members less than 225 mm thick and in contact with
‘material on one side, the permissible streses in bending arc also applicable
to side in contact with the stored material,
TABLE | PERMISSIBLE CONORETE STRESSES
(AMT values in Kglemt)
Gasoe or Peasussinie Srngse im Pansuss Penwusernu Seuzee Peaacts
Comenees |" Cowrnussion atx Stas tm Boxe sue
« te Sabena
‘Bending Dire Measvamp “Average Local Parsvone
ra ‘on Fone
Inetaen “Anza
™ (Peat
Omer}
o ® 2 ® © o
Miso $0 rd 40 & 10 0
M200 » *” 0 80 130 0
M20 8 ® 80 v0 150 0
34300 100 o 0 wo 170 ©
M380, 5 % 100 no 180 »
M400 130 100 10 noo »
Nors— Perminible stress in tesion in bending may be taken to be the same as
perminible wren in shear { meauured as inlined tenon
SA SSress in Concrete for Resistance to Buckling — The maximum compres-
sive stress on the net wall section deducting all openings, recesses, etc, shall
not exceed 025 cea, Where dee is the compressive strength of concrete at the
age of 28 days.
S43 Siresses in Stel Reinforcement —"The permissible stresses in stee]
reinforcement shall confor tothe values specited in Table 2.
0
SUPPLY UREA LINDER THE LICENSE FROM Biff FOR INDIAN INSTITLTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 28(0812024 09:55 29 (108.151 208.58 VA )ER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU) VARANASI ON 28/08/2088 09:55
15: 4995 (Part 1)- 1974
TABLE 2 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN STEEL Ri
Sc Tere or Sramsues ox Steet Persist Stanssts 1 bgleen?
No. Renwronceveer —
Mild Medium Tew High Welded
‘Steel Bars, ale Steel Yh Wire
‘Grade’ “Defarmed Strength Fabric
or De. Mediuim Tene (Hor
farmed alle Stee) Bars Relied
Milt Ge Plais Round and Cold
Steet “Cold Twisted Twisted)
ars Bare Defoesn-
ota
w @ ® o o ©
1) Tension (41) ether shan in helical
reinforcement in. a colums,” and la
1400) Half the gua, = =
anced.
‘ress subject
(o's enanlnum
Over 40 me or i900
Upto and including 20 m = 2
Over 20 men = 2
‘Welded wire fabric. all sites = =
iy Tension in Helical reinforcement in 1000 19000
ccompeesion member (ya)
‘Tension in shear reinforcement (yp) 1400-14000
100 13001
lower
‘Up wo and including 40 men 1400) Halime gua 1960 —
fea tubes
tons mane
Over 40 sen 1300) up eftso 1900 .
Nor |—When mild see conterming to Grade It of 15 482 (Part 1)-166
“spscculon Yor tld ace aod cane teeta bam and hand-drawn ee
(leer ‘once reinforcement Par Ud ae eden tesa a
rod ein) iy ee permite secs Bal be 80 percent the pei
fitonn'cl 3 if the dag dead aivesty been marked sot on the bof mld
BCP Confacming Grade 8438 (Burt 1) 108 te are of 1
Se tmcreaned by 0 percent ofthat eqeiced for Grade {nec
Nowe? — For the purone of tha standards the yield sve of sect for
there no cleay Sebed ind pet should Be taken to be the
|
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f
:
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)ER THE LICENSE FROM IS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU)-VARANASI ON 26/08/2094 08:55
1S: 4995 (Pare 1) -1974
SAA Increase in Permissible Stress ~ Where urestes due to wind or eatth-
guake we combined ith dow deo dead ve and pact lend and
temperature and shrinkage effects the permisble ures specited under $4.1,
SABand S43 may be exceeded up vo a limit of 39°33 percent.
55 Design of Bin Walls
S51 Walls of Circular Bins — Walls of ciscular bins shall be desi
for hoop strewes due to bin loads. ‘The walls shall be for
all loading cases and effects as specified under 3,
55:2 Wells of Polygonal Bint — The wall shall be considered as slabs span-
rontally or as two-way slabs for horizontal loads and
Toads with due consideration to. combined
‘and axial forces. ‘They shall be checked for all loading eases a
‘effects 2» specified under 53, Due provisions shall be made for bending
‘moment caused due to temperature variation, restraint at top and bottom
‘edges and wind or seismic loads.
ag NOPE, the tiny ape to be designe a dewp ee eet carve le fa
‘ern Sysco Paper 15,135), Cement Amociton,
S53 Walls of Battery of Bins
5.5.3.0 In the case of interconnected bins without interstice,
‘effect on the junction walls shall be considered for worst combinations. of
fall and empty conditions ofthe bin under consideration and its adjoining
ins,
553.1 In a battery of interconnected circular or ins with
‘one interstice, the bin walls shall be designed for the two loading
‘eases:
4) Interstice bin empty while adjoining main bins fll, and
}) Interstice bin fall while adjoining main bins empty.
5.3.2. Ina battery of bins having more than one intertc bin in one
cor both the directions, due provisions shall be made to strengthen the bin
walls. Loading conditions as under 5.5.3.1 and worst combinations of fall
‘and empty conditions of the farther bins shall be taken into account for
determining adional bending moments and forces developed in the bin
se
5.5.33 Walls of interstice bins shall be with due considera-
tion to structural and loading configurations and interactions with appro-
priate boundary conditions. = "
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1S 14995 (Pare IT) 1974
oa
SSA Thickness of Bin Wells — The minimum thicknest shall be calcula-
lated from the formula given below:
tang = TEEPE CT)
where
= concrete shrinkage coeficient assumed as 0-003;
Ey = modular of elasticity of reinforcing steel in ken"
ua = stress in reinforcing see;
m= modular ratio;
fo! = tensile strength of eonerete = 119 Vea:
= Pir x 2B matic ring tensile force per unt length of wall
at depth Zin kglem* );
Puy = matic Interal prenure at depth Z in kglem*; and
D = inside diameter of bin, m.
ect to a minimum thickness of 10 cm. Akernatively, the minimum
thickness may be calculated by the empirical method given i 58d.
5.4.1 The thickness of bin walls shall be governed by the feliowing
provisions:
2) The wall thickness for curved walls shall be not es than the larger
ofthe folowing with a mininum thicines of 10 em:
a) (=10425 (D—3) Bor
b) f= 10-425 (4 6)/12
where
tis in cm and D and A are in m,
1) The wal thickness of straight walls (in the case of polygonal bins
) ia ne bei am the Seas se cate ot eatrgeeal Mis)
Thickness of 10 em
a) f= thor
by rete
where
¢ 8 in cam, and fare in m,
©) However, where slip from work is used in construction, the wall
thicknes hall not be less than 18 ex
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18; 4995 ( Part 1) - 1974
5.4.2 ‘The crack width in walls of bins shall not exceed the following:
Where water tightness is required =
Otherwise
‘This shall be computed as in 5.10 of this standard,
5.6 Ring Girder
5.6.0 When the conical supported on a ring girder provided
at the junction of the wall r the girder shall be designed to
fel otal rc, ending, cor
5.6.1 The axial compresive force induced on the girder shall be equal
to that resulting fiom the horizontal component of the incined_pll of the
loaded hopper minus that resulting from the outward lateral thrust exerted
by the stored material. The girder shall be designed for the net horizontal
‘component obtained when (a) the bin is assumed co be full, and (1b) when
the top surface of materials sumed atthe ring level whichever gives the
5.62 The bending and tonal memes in, the ving inde imply
supported on a number of columns placed equidistant along the
fetta ofthe ger sail be calcite fom he fbwng formule:
a) Maximum negative moment at supports = KiWor
b) Maximum positive moment at midway = KaW,
between supports
©) Maximum torsional moment at an = Kier
‘angular distance of 0 from support
where
Wr = total load on the ring girder including its seltweight
Tecate slong the cee ine ofthe beam,
ro mean radius of the rng girder,
Kuss, Ky = coefficients of bending and torsional moments as
Specified in Table 3,
0 = angular distance from int of maximum
torsional moment as ibe 3.
5.7 Bin Bottom
8.7.4 The vertical load for the design of bin bottom shall be as indica-
ted in 6.1.12 (a) and (b) of Part of the standard subject to the condition
that ia the case of 61.1.2 (a), the vertical leading shall not be less than that
indicated in 6.1.1.2(b). Reference is also made to the provisions of 6.3.2
of Part I of the standard,
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1S: 4995 (Pare 11) -1974
‘TABLE 3. COEFFICIENTS OF BENDING AND TORSIONAL MOMENTS
‘OF RING GIRDER IN CIRCULAR BIN
(Chane $5.2)
Noor = Maxew Ky rn % °
survosss Sh
© ” o o
3 cos = 003 oaisz
‘ oos2 = 00176 = owes
5 oes = ooo? eau
6 048 = 0007 001s
7 cows == ous sons
e 0082 oo? = 0006
° 0006s = 008s = wom
1 m3 oom = 0-003
n 0004 = oon? amo?
2 00037 oar 8 m2
5.141 Lee Bottom — The design of bin bottom shall be
carried out in the same manner as that of any horizontal structural slab cast
monolithically with the supporting structure. ‘The weight of any conveying
machinery, including impact, suspended from the slab shall be added to the
in bowom lead and 10 the dead load of the slab to arrive at the toal
fective load.
5.1.2. Hopper Bottom
5.1.2.0 Bin bottoms of special shapes shall be analyzed. seth eare by
sophisticated anglytical methods, such as finite clement technique.
5.1.2 Design, pressures on hopper botiom — Normal pressure Py and
tangential pressure Prat any point onthe hopper bottom for design shall be
as follows
Pam Py costa + Py sinte + wy come
Pr = (Pe Pa) sine cose + ay sine
self weight of hopper per unit area, and
& = angle the hopper bottom makes with the horizontal.
5.7.22 Conical hoppers — Conical hoppers ase. sul essentially to
meridional and hoop tensions. Local bending due to effect of continuity at
the edges or duc to external superimposed loads due to machinery, etc, if
1s
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151 499 ( Pare I) - 1974
any shall abo be tak seat In the deign The tal meiiogal
tension at any horizontal plane passing through the hopper shall
is vertical component is equal to total vertical presture on that plane pss
the self weight of the ‘and its contents below the plane. The meri-
ional rei ¢ shall extend sufficiently into the vertical wall to secure
ie bond. The hoop tension at any level of the conical hopper shall
be determined as follows:
Hoop tension = nP, coseca
where
14 = radius of hopper at the plane under consideration, and
P= sormal design presuce atthe plane under comideration as
5.72.3 Pyramidal hoppers — Pyramidal are subjected to bend-
ig ofa a tet Drei per eet St
‘The of a polygonal bin shall be analyzed by considering each
horizontal. strip as 4 continuous frame, subjected to the normal des
pressure Py calculated as in $.7.2.1. ‘The meridional tension shall
‘aleulated in the same way as for conical hoppers (see 5.7.2.2).
5.7.2.4 Botioms of ether shapes — Bin bottoms of other such as
booms with one oF Soe soning sides with the cepaiing ses feral
bottoms provided with special emptying arrangements, ct, lesigned
for the lade specified under 83.0 and 8.7.2.1 ofthis standard, The design
shall be ‘on the principles of mechanics and sound engineering
5.73 Special Requirements for Columns —In the design of cohumns it shall
be acentiy to fraure thee, the petortage of seeloscemen should ot
exceed the percentage calculated by the formula given below, subject to
the condition that the numerical value should not exceed 25 mt in the
case of mild steel round bars and 4 percent-in the case of formed bars:
Pa et
ae tk
P= Sart (leu + (ae
where
(p= calculated percentage of reinforcement in column,
Pam dead load on columns,
Ac = area of columns,
‘Ky = safety factor for concrete cracking assumed as 12,
on = permissible tensile stress in concrete,
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1S : 4995 (Part I1)-1974
‘Cur = stress in reinforcement due to shrinkage of concrete
assumed as 300 kg/cm",
(oy) 444 = stress in reinforcement due to dead and live loads (elastic
‘deformation of concrete)
an Peassy Xm
A (m—1) +45?
Ay = area of reinforcement in column,
m= modular ratio, and
(o.) d= stress in reinforcement due to dead load alone
sm
Heat) Fae
5.8 Effect of Temperature Variation —Bins containing hot materials
are subjected to temperature stresses. The thermal stresses and the corres
ponding additional reinforcement shall be calculated and added to the
reinforcement of the bin walls. ‘The following assumptions are made for
‘computing the temperature stresses and the additional reinforeement:
© Te wegen
‘b) Bin wall temperature only radially or on the horizontal plane
) Piemperanae dificns’tntreca ety and” mony ao' and
between points of different elevations and the effect of wind on
temperature may be neglected ).
S81 ion of Te re Thy Bin Wall —The vemny
lteter Tae Meat a,
to (TM=Te
ar = 4x ner
1
f= thickness of bin wall in m,
Gs= surface conductance of concrete to air = 15 in
ealjm™'C,
C_= thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete = 1°75
t0 20 in kealjmh°C,
G,= surface conductance of conerete to stored material
= 2 keal/m'h°C for cement and 7°S keal/mth"C for other
‘materials,
n
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15; 4995 (Part 1) ~ 1974
K = coefficient of heat transmission in kealfm'i’C,
T, = temperature of hot material inside the bin in °C,
T, = lowest anticipated outside sol-air temperature in °C.
Norn — Values of Gy, Cy and C, given above are to be varied from beat trassfer
Shag cout meri nd thaid net be adopted witht oe comer
5.8.2 Strestes du to Change in Temperatare — Bending moment across the
bin wall due to change ie tempecatice may be compuecd according #0 the
following express
May = dr Eel
where
= coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete
= Nx 10-*/per degree per em,
B= ‘rou of eawicity of canerete 18000 V ax: kgjem*),
m
1= moment of inertia of the bin wall section,
‘Thermal stresses in concrete and steel due to the bending moment Ma ¢
shall be caleulated according to the principles of mechanics.
59 Effect of ‘The influence of drying shrinkage in concrete
‘may be considered as being equivalent to a drop in temperature of 15°C
(in a structure with more than 0° percent reinforcement). ‘The effect of
shrinkage may be ignored in all parts of the bin that are not affected by
the disturbance due’ to restraints at the edges. The effect of shri
stresses in the region of disturbance due to restraints at the edges shall
otsidered and addivional vertical reinforcement shal be provided to take
care of the same.
5.10 Check for Grack-Width
5.10.0 Permissible Crack-Widih — Crackowidth in bin walls shall not
exceed a permissible value given in S542. ‘This shall be computed for
