Question 1
Make a distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methodology and provide examples.
(8)
Quantitative research methodology is a systematic strategy for gathering, analyzing, and interpreting
data in order and identifying patterns or relationships within a population and Qualitative research
methodology is the studying and understanding the meanings of motivations, and difficulties of human
behavior and experiences.
Quantitative Examples:
1. Surveys: Conducting surveys with a large sample size to collect data on people's opinions,
preferences, or behaviors. For example, a survey to measure customer satisfaction with a product.
2. Experiments: Conducting controlled experiments to test cause-and-effect relationships. For example,
testing the effectiveness of a new drug by randomly assigning participants to a treatment or control
group.
3. Observational Studies: Observing and recording behaviors or events in a systematic and structured
manner. For example, observing and recording the number of cars passing through an intersection
during different times of the day.
Qualitative Examples:
1. Interviews: Conducting in-depth interviews with individuals to explore their perspectives, experiences,
and beliefs. For example, interviewing teachers to understand their perceptions of a new teaching
method.
2. Focus Groups: Bringing together a small group of participants to discuss a specific topic in a guided
discussion. For example, conducting a focus group to explore consumers' attitudes towards a new
product.
3. Case Studies: Conducting an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or organization to
understand a specific phenomenon. For example, studying a successful company to identify the factors
contributing to its success.
Question 2
List different sampling tools that may be used by researchers. (2)
1. Simple Random Sampling: This method involves selecting participants randomly from the target
population, giving each individual an equal chance of being selected.
2. Purposive Sampling: Also known as judgmental or selective sampling, this method involves selecting
participants based on specific criteria or characteristics that are relevant to the research study.
3. Convenience Sampling: This method involves selecting participants who are readily available and
easily accessible. While convenient, this method may introduce bias as it may not represent the entire
population accurately.
4. Stratified Sampling: In this method, the target population is divided into subgroups or strata based on
certain characteristics. Participants are then randomly selected from each stratum in proportion to their
representation in the population.
