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File Handling Example

File handling

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anitha
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24 views9 pages

File Handling Example

File handling

Uploaded by

anitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// C Program to illustrate file opening

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
// file pointer variable to store the value returned by
// fopen
FILE* fptr;
// opening the file in read mode
fptr = fopen("filename.txt", "r");
// checking if the file is opened successfully
if (fptr == NULL) {
printf("The file is not opened. The program will "
"now exit.");
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}
Output
The file is not opened. The program will now exit.

CREATE A FILE IN C
The fopen() function can not only open a file but also can create a
file if it does not exist already. For that, we have to use the modes
that allow the creation of a file if not found such as w, w+, wb,
wb+, a, a+, ab, and ab+.
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("filename.txt", "w");
// C Program to create a file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
// file pointer
FILE* fptr;
// creating file using fopen() access mode "w"
fptr = fopen("file.txt", "w");
// checking if the file is created
if (fptr == NULL) {
printf("The file is not opened. The program will "
"exit now");
exit(0);
}
else {
printf("The file is created Successfully.");
}
return 0;
}
Output
The file is created Successfully.

READING FROM A FILE


The file read operation in C can be performed using functions
fscanf() or fgets(). Both the functions performed the same
operations as that of scanf and gets but with an additional
parameter, the file pointer. There are also other functions we can
use to read from a file. Such functions are listed below:

Function Description
fscanf() Use formatted string and variable arguments list
to take input from a file.
fgets() Input the whole line from the file.
fgetc() Reads a single character from the file.
fgetw() Reads a number from a file.
fread() Reads the specified bytes of data from a binary
file.
So, it depends on you if you want to read the file line by line or
character by character.

Example:
FILE * fptr;
fptr = fopen(“fileName.txt”, “r”);
fscanf(fptr, "%s %s %s %d", str1, str2, str3, &year);
char c = fgetc(fptr);

WRITE TO A FILE
The file write operations can be performed by the functions
fprintf() and fputs() with similarities to read operations. C
programming also provides some other functions that can be
used to write data to a file such as:

Function Description
fprintf() Similar to printf(), this function use formatted
string and varible arguments list to print output to
the file.
fputs() Prints the whole line in the file and a newline at
the end.
fputc() Prints a single character into the file.
fputw() Prints a number to the file.
fwrite() This functions write the specified amount of bytes
to the binary file.
Example:
FILE *fptr ;
fptr = fopen(“fileName.txt”, “w”);
fprintf(fptr, "%s %s %s %d", "We", "are", "in", 2012);
fputc("a", fptr);
Closing a File
The fclose() function is used to close the file. After successful file
operations, you must always close a file to remove it from the
memory.

Syntax of fclose()

fclose(file_pointer);
where the file_pointer is the pointer to the opened file.

Example:

FILE *fptr ;
fptr= fopen(“fileName.txt”, “w”);
---------- Some file Operations -------
fclose(fptr);

Examples of File Handing in C


Example 1: Program to Create a File, Write in it, And Close
the File
/ C program to Open a File,
// Write in it, And Close the File
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
// Declare the file pointer
FILE* filePointer;
// Get the data to be written in file
char dataToBeWritten[50] = "GeeksforGeeks-A Computer "
"Science Portal for Geeks";
// Open the existing file GfgTest.c using fopen()
// in write mode using "w" attribute
filePointer = fopen("GfgTest.c", "w");

// Check if this filePointer is null


// which maybe if the file does not exist
if (filePointer == NULL) {
printf("GfgTest.c file failed to open.");
}
else {
printf("The file is now opened.\n");
// Write the dataToBeWritten into the file
if (strlen(dataToBeWritten) > 0)
{
// writing in the file using fputs()
fputs(dataToBeWritten, filePointer);
fputs("\n", filePointer);
}

// Closing the file using fclose()


fclose(filePointer);

printf("Data successfully written in file "


"GfgTest.c\n");
printf("The file is now closed.");
}
return 0;
}
Output
The file is now opened.
Data successfully written in file GfgTest.c
The file is now closed.

This program will create a file named GfgTest.c in the same


directory as the source file which will contain the following text:
“GeeksforGeeks-A Computer Science Portal for Geeks”.

Example 2: Program to Open a File, Read from it, And


Close the File/ C program to Open a File,
// Read from it, And Close the File
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
// Declare the file pointer
FILE* filePointer;
// Declare the variable for the data to be read from
// file
char dataToBeRead[50];
// Open the existing file GfgTest.c using fopen()
// in read mode using "r" attribute
filePointer = fopen("GfgTest.c", "r");
// Check if this filePointer is null
// which maybe if the file does not exist
if (filePointer == NULL) {
printf("GfgTest.c file failed to open.");
}
else {
printf("The file is now opened.\n");
// Read the dataToBeRead from the file
// using fgets() method
while (fgets(dataToBeRead, 50, filePointer)
!= NULL) {

// Print the dataToBeRead


printf("%s", dataToBeRead);
}
// Closing the file using fclose()
fclose(filePointer);
printf(
"Data successfully read from file GfgTest.c\n");
printf("The file is now closed.");
}
return 0;
}
Output
The file is now opened.
GeeksforGeeks-A Computer Science Portal for Geeks
Data successfully read from file GfgTest.c
The file is now closed.

This program reads the text from the file named GfgTest.c
which we created in the previous example and prints it in the
console

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