We need to realize just how society is formed

from people’s various commonalities,

differences are so crucial that mishandling
them, undoubtedly slides down to conflict.
Essentials in
Studying Culture,
Society, And
Politics
 Cultural Background
It is a reference to any culture or subculture that
an individual identifies as his or her heritage or
background.

It can simply indicate a person’s nationality.

How many human race is/are
there?
SOCIAL BACKGROUND
One’s social demographics such as
one’s color, creed, race, language,
education, life style, religion, and
nationality.

The position an individual takes on

an issue often reflects his or her
place in society.
Studies/researches that identify the income,
education, religion, race, show that people
who have the same social background
usually share the same political ideas.
Religion also affects our view and stand on certain
issues.
Understanding social, political, and
cultural backgrounds is very
important in understanding one’s self
and creating harmonious relationship
with other members of the society.
SOCIAL REALITIES:
Behavior and
Phenomenon
PHENOMENON
An extraordinary
occurrence or
circumstance

Cultural Phenomenon
occurs when something or
someone gains
widespread popularity.
It is the process of
becoming popular.
Pinoys like teleseryes because they can
relate to the personal, social, and political
issues that are often portrayed on screen.
Though they have cliched plots, they offer
a glimpse of life in the Philippines, making
them very relatable to the viewers.
SOCIAL
PHENOMENON
According to National Institute for
Health refers to the interactions
between and among individuals,
and to the characteristics,
structures, and functions of social
groups and institutions, such as
families, communities, schools, and
workplaces, as well as the physical,
economic, cultural, and policy
environments in which social and
behavioral phenomena occur.
Taboo
Something a culture considers
forbidden.

Food taboos practiced by

different religions in the world.
Deliberate breaking of this food
taboo will be a reason for the
member to be removed or
renounced his membership from
the religion.
Political Phenomenon

it tells something about the political

psyche of Filipinos at present.

3 factors of Political Phenomenon

1. Persona
2. Ethnic and regional vote
3. Protest vote
 Activity

Social Phenomena Cultural Phenomena Political Phenomena

How does it affect/influence individual’s preferences,

actions and behavior?
Natural
Science and
Social
Science
Social science
“it is a branch of discipline or branch of science that deals with human behavior
in its social and cultural aspects”
It includes anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, psychology, and
geography as its branches. It also the field of human knowledge that deals with
all aspects of the group of life of human beings
therefore, it is subject to change with the changes of the human behavior.
Natural science
It is a branch of science that deals with the natural world: its processes, elements, and
composition.
Natural science studies natural events whereas social science studies the human society.
Sociology
came from the Latin word socius – means companion and Greek word logos –
means to study.

It is a systematic study of human relationship along with human society and

interaction.
Areas of Sociology
It can be said that social science disciplines are interrelated to one another because of the nature
and the core of its focus. Thus, the following are the scope that is encompassed by sociology.
1. Social Organization
2. Social Psychology
3. Human Ecology
4. Applied Sociology
5. Population Studies
6. Social Change
7. Sociological Theory and Research
Areas of Sociology
1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
▪ study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.

2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
▪ focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect
individual or responses which are called “social stimuli”.

3. APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
Concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and
organizations. Goal is to assist in resolving social problems through the use of sociological
research.
Areas of Sociology
4. POPULATION STUDIES
This area includes size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition,
migration, changes, and quality vis-à-vis economic, political, and social systems.
5. HUMAN ECOLOGY
the study of the interactions between human and non-human nature in different
cultures. Also, an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between
humans and their natural, social, and built environments.
6. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND RESEARCH
focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to
scientifically explain a particular sociological issue.
Areas of Sociology
7. SOCIAL CHANGE
It studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganization like
calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and welfare
problems, political instability, unemployment and underemployment, child
and women’s issue, etc.
Anthropology
It came from a Latin word anthropos – means man and
Greek word logos – means to study.

deals with all aspects of human beings including their biological evolution and
social and cultural features that definitively distinguish humans from other animal
species.
Branches of Anthropology
1. Cultural Anthropology – The study of people with their variations and progress
in terms of culture. It also deals with the description and analysis of the forms and
styles of social life of past and present ages.

2. Linguistic Anthropology – The study of language mainly but not exclusively

among humans. It also deals with the study of communication’s origins, history,
and contemporary variation
3. Archaeology – The study of past human cultures through their material remains.
It also the study of past human culture through the recovery and analysis of
artifacts.
4. Biological Anthropology – The study of humans as biological organisms,
including their evolution and contemporary variation.

5. Applied Anthropology – They analyze social, political, and economic problems

and develop solutions to respond to present problems.
Political Science
The word political came from Greek word “polis” means city-state and
science comes from Latin word “scire” which means to know.

Political Science is a discipline in social science concerned primarily in the state,

government, and politics.
Areas of Political Science
1. Political Theory – It deals with the accumulation of principles identifying with
the basis, structure, conduct, and operations of the state
2. Public Law – It pertains to laws or ordinances which control the framework of
public governance.
3. Public Administration – It serves as an academic discipline that studies civil
service and governance.
4. Political Dynamics – It is an aspect of Political Science which are concerned with
the relationship of different societal forces that dictate political opportunities and
actions.
5. Government and Business – It gives importance to the regulatory and
governmental function to corporate, or business entities concerning the national
economy.
6. Legislatures and Legislation – The term legislation is a complex mechanism that
can be extended as a discipline. It tries to explain the process, composition, and
organization of legislature.
7. International Relations – It includes inquiries into the nation-states' foreign
policy in their mutual ties on the various forces-geographic, technological,
psychological, and political that contribute to shaping such policy.
8. International Law – It is a system of agreements and treaties that entails
responsibilities of one state into another.
9. Comparative Government – It is a discipline that studies and analyzes the
general structure of governments of all countries.
Aristotle and
the politics
Father of Political Science
An Ancient Greek Philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures
of Western History.
Aristotle which means “the best purpose” was the first genuine scientist in history.
He became famous for his saying, “Man is by nature a political animal.”
Politics as being like an organism rather than a machine, and as a collection of parts none of
which can exist without the others.
Control and politics
relationship
Engaging in politics means engaging
in efforts to control the acts of others.
◦ 1. Power
◦ “power is the very heart of politics”
◦ 3 common fallacies in the analysis of power
◦ 1. “lump-of-power” fallacy is the mistaken assumption that power comes in lump
sums and cannot be shared, so all one needs to ask is: Who’s in charge?
◦ 2. Confounding power with resources” is what we do when we take literally
“money is power”. Money may be a resource on which power rests, but the two
are different entities.
◦ 3. “Confounding power with rewards and deprivations” happens if we look beyond
the powerful act to its ultimate consequences for the people it has been
exercised for or against.
2. Influence
◦ Includes all cases when one party’s desires affect the behavior of
another party. Power is a form of influence. But influence can
take place without the threat of sanctions or use of force, as well
as without the promise of personal rewards.
3. Authority
◦ It is the right to exercise the power and influence of a
given position that comes from having been placed in
that position according to regular, known, and widely
accepted procedures.
◦ In a democratic system, accepted means are normally
either elections or appointments by elected officials.
4. Legitimacy
◦ Means having the approval of others. The condition of being
regarded as correctly placed in a particular role and carrying out
the functions of that role correctly.
◦ Under normal circumstances, authority gives legitimacy to power;
it is possible, however to have authority but lack legitimacy.
5. Linkage
◦ Ways by which decisions in one nation may force
desired decisions in another.
◦ It emphasize the connections between one political
unit and another, on the way decisions made at one
level.
Political science in
relation to other
discipline
Political science and History
◦ History helps political science in studying the political dynamics of
the past and how it came about that will help them analyze the
future action.

◦ History plays a vital role in shaping the future of a certain state

using the data of the past.
Political science and Sociology
◦ Sociology refers to the study of the society.
◦ In the enactment of certain rules or law the foregoing
factors consequentially bears importance as aspect in
policy decision-making process.
Political science and Psychology
◦ The study of the human or behavioral approaches is
nothing but to understand consequential effect of any
political act that tends to affect the people in general
or within a specified group vis-à-vis the right of every
individual belonging to it and in recognition of their
individual rights.
Importance of Studying
Culture, Society and
Politics
On Culture
Banaag (2012) posited that culture can function in different ways and which we
can see its importance as well.
Culture creates man to be creative and resourceful by adapting and integrating
himself in the environment to survive
Culture determines outline of acceptable social behavior such as protocols,
good manners, roles, and duties established by folkways, mores, and laws.
Culture carry-out meanings through different forms of verbal and non-verbal
communication.
On Society
Society is important for:
human connection and interconnectedness
symbolizing identity of the members
characterizing the boundaries of a territory
representing political independence and economic interdependence
On Politics
Political science deals primarily in the study of government and state
processes. Understanding deeply a political life suggests that politics can
be reduced to the question of who gets what, where, when, and how.
The Goals of
Anthropology, Sociology,
and Political Science
 Anthropology Sociology Political Science
Internalize the concept of Obtain theories and principles Understand civic skills and
individual differences and diversity about society humane ideals for public
Discover universality among Examine social roles within the participation
humans society Examine the operations of the
See cultural patterns objectively See the interdependency of all government
Produce new knowledge and new beings Equip each of us intellectual
theories about humankind and Broaden familiarity on resources that will harness you to
human behavior sociological facts. greater heights
Conduct a mini survey among your classmates, barkada and family members.
Ask each group to identify three traits that describe you. Compare each list and
come up with a consolidated list of your common traits. Use the graphic
organizer below as A guide in this activity.
1. Which of these lists best describes you as a person?
2. Do you feel that the three groups of people in your life
have an accurate idea regarding your identity?
3. Which of these lists do you prefer to be known by other
people as a good description yourself? Why?
Identity, culture and
society
identity
Is the distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those
belonging to a particular group.
People may have multiple identities depending on the groups to which they
belong.
Identity can also change over the course of a person’s lifetime.
….identity
It shapes both individual and group behavior as well as people’s views about
people and society.
It also helps a person to understand that identities are relational and contextual,
thereby avoiding the common pitfall of having misguided notions or prejudices of
other people based on one’s subjective views.
culture
Society’s way of life, provides the basis for forging identities.
Provides people of lens through which they based what is considered the “right
way” of doing things
society
Group of people living in a community.
According to maciver and page, it is a Web of social relationship, which is always
changing.
 BY PAIR. FIND A PARTNER TO
ACCOMPLISH THIS ACTIVITY.

News Analysis. You are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to see the interplay
between culture, society, and politics. These skills can be used to see how Anthropology,
Sociology, and Politics operate in our society.
Look for a news article. (Copy the Headline/title of the article and its source.
Then answer the guide questions based on the news article chosen.
1. What is the news all about?
2. How will your knowledge and understanding culture, society, and politics helps you
think critically about our current situation?
3. How do the concepts of culture, society, and politics operate in Philippine society?