About TeXShop

Richard Koch September 3, 2006

Contents
1 Basic Help 1.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Getting and Installing teTeX . . 1.3 Getting and Installing TeXShop 1.4 Typesetting Documents . . . . 1.5 Alternate Typesetting Mode . . 1.6 Checking Spelling . . . . . . . . 1.7 Latex Panel . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Matrix Panel . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Toolbar and Applescript . . . . 1.11 Including Graphics . . . . . . . 1.12 Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 Setting Preferences . . . . . . . 1.14 Modifying the Templates Menu 1.15 Editing Tricks . . . . . . . . . . 1.16 Auto Completion . . . . . . . . 1.17 Command Completion . . . . . 1.18 Sending Bug Reports . . . . . . 1.19 Useful Web Sites . . . . . . . . 1.20 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 6 7 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 16 17 19 19 20 20 21

2 Advanced Help 2.1 Adding Personal Sty and Macro Files to teTeX

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2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11

2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23

Additional Typesetting Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing AUX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using an External Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copy-Paste and Drag-Drop from the Preview Window Setting a Project Root File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pdfsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unicode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BibTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MakeIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Making and Using New TeX Formats . . . . . . . . . . 2.11.1 Using formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11.2 Making formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opening Other Files with TeXShop . . . . . . . . . . . Mathematica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Localizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syntax Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shell Escape Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colored Text in TeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More About teTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coexisting with Fink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coexisting with Other TeX Distributions . . . . . . . . ConTeXt and MetaPost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plist Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redening Keyboard Menu Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . .

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3 Macros Help 3.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Understanding Default Macros . . . . . . . 3.3 Rearranging the Macro Menu . . . . . . . 3.4 Dening New Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 AppleScript Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Default AppleScript Macros . . . . . . . . 3.7 Dening AppleScript Macros . . . . . . . . 3.8 Creating Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Writing Scripts with TeXShop Typesetting 3.10 Writing Scripts with Shell Commands . . . 4 How do I congure TeXShop?

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Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Did You Install Correctly? . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Preference Changes . . . . . Converting Graphic Formats Automatically Default Preference Items . . . . . . . . . . . Default Latex Template . . . . . . . . . . . Hidden Preference Items . . . . . . . . . . . .plist Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying the Latex Panel . . . . . . . . . . Modifying Auto Completion . . . . . . . . . Redening Keyboard Menu Shortcuts . . . . Modifying the Macros Menu . . . . . . . . .

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5 Credits A Appendix: Whats New?

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1.1

Basic Help
Preliminaries

TeXShop is a Mac OS X program which can typeset TeX and LaTeX les and preview the output on the screen. The program usually typesets using pdftex or pdatex instead of tex or latex. These programs output pdf les rather than dvi les. Since pdf is the native graphics format of Mac OS X, it is easy to display the output on the screen. Pdftex and pdatex were written by Han The Thanh, Petr Sojka, and Jiri Zlatuska. The pdf les created by TeXShop are standard pdf les which can be given to other people and displayed on a variety of computer systems. For example, they can be displayed by Adobe Acrobat. TeXShop does not include TeX. Instead it uses the standard TeX distribution teTeX, a wonderful collection of the entire suite of TeX programs, les, and utilities created by Thomas Esser. This collection (the standard version of TeX on Linux systems) has been compiled for Mac OS X by Gerben Wierda. Instructions for obtaining it are given below.

1.2

Getting and Installing teTeX

The MacTeX working group of the TeX Users Group (TUG) has produced an Apple install package containing everything needed to run TeX on Mac OS X. The package installs in a couple of minutes with almost no user intervention. It contains a very complete version of Gerben Wierdas TeX redistribution, TeXShop, BibDesk, the Excalibur spell checker, and Gerbens i-Installer. For up to date links to the package, see http://www.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/obtaining.html You can also obtain Gerben Wierdas TeX redistribution separately (this is the distribution contained in the above package). The latest version of this distribution is compiled for both Intel and PowerPC processors and requires system 10.3 or higher. It is based on the latest teTeX for MacOSX and includes updated programs from the TeX Users Groups distribution TeXLive.

To obtain these les and programs, go to Wierdas site http://www.rna.nl/tex.html and obtain i-Installer, the TeX installer. Youll nd it in the downloadable package II2.dmg. Run the installer and install the following packages in the following order: FreeType 2 libwmf GNU gettext libraries PNG Library ImageMagick Ghostscript 8 FontForge Fondu Mac Font cli Tools TeX The MacTeX package installs some other optional packages which you can also obtain with i-Installer: CB Greek CM Super MusixTeX ConTeXt updater LaTeX updater XeTeX (this is in Jonathan Kews directory) More detailed installation instructions can be found on Wierdas site, and on the TeXShop web site listed later.

1.3

Getting and Installing TeXShop

If you installed TeX with the MacTeX install package, you already have TeXShop. In that case, you only need read the rest of this section if you had an earlier version of TeXShop before using the MacTeX install package. The earlier TeXShop was probably installed in /Applications, but MacTeX installs it in /Applications/TeX. Remove the earlier version so this new version will be used. To get TeXShop from scratch, go to www.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/texshop.html and click the TeXShop link to download the le TeXShop.dmg. Double click on this le; a folder will appear containing TeXShop and other les which can be read or discarded. Drag TeXShop to the Applications folder. If you intend to use it often, drag its icon to the Dock. TeXShop has a feature called pdfsync: clicking on a spot in the preview window activates the corresponding source window with the appropriate source line selected. This feature requires that les named "pdfsync.sty," "pdfsync.tex", and "pdfsync4context.tex" be installed in teTeX. This is done automatically if you install from the MacTeX install package. Otherwise, nd these les in the TeXShop distribution and drag them to /Library/texmf/tex/latex, /Library/texmf/tex/plain, and /Library/texmf/tex/context. Here /Library is the Library folder in your home directory. You may have to create some or all of the folders texmf, tex, latex, and plain. TeXShop 1.35 came with additional applescripts by Will Robertson and Claus Gerhardt. You will have these automatically if you installed a later version of TeXShop for the rst time. But if you upgraded from a version earlier than 1.35, you will not automatically see those new scripts. If you never edited the default macro set, you can obtain the new macros by going to the folder /Library/TeXShop and removing the entire Macros folder inside. The next time TeXShop starts, it will recreate this folder with the latest macros. It is not enough to remove the contents of the Macros folder; the entire folder must be removed. If you have edited the default macros and want to add the new macro set, remove the Macros folder temporarily and let TeXShop create a new macro set. Then add your old macros using the Macro Editor.

TeXShop 1.35 came with new templates by Will Robertson. These templates will not automatically be installed. You can obtain them by going to the folder /Library/TeXShop and moving the entire Templates folder inside to the Desktop. The next time TeXShop starts, it will recreate this folder with the latest Templates. You can then move old Templates you have edited from the folder on the desktop to the newly created folder /Library/TeXShop/Templates.

1.4

Typesetting Documents

To use TeXShop, type your LaTeX input in the editing window it provides. Then push the Typeset button at the top of the window. The input will be saved and pdatex will run. A second window will open displaying messages from tex. If there are errors, pdatex will halt; type return to skip the errors one by one, or one of the standard TeX inputs to quit, run continuously, etc. After the document has been typeset, a new window will appear showing the resulting pdf le. You can switch between the two windows by typing command-1. Select the magnify icon in the pdf windows toolbar, and press the mouse on a section of the pdf output display to magnify the region near the cursor. Double click to magnify a larger region; triple click to magnify a still larger region. Notice that the default region size can be selected using an element of the toolbar at the top of the page. To typeset a TeX document, push the pulldown menu labeled LaTeX to the right of the Typeset button, and select TeX instead of LaTeX. If you usually use TeX, choose it as your default program in the Preferences Dialog. If you notice an error, you can immediately x it in the editing window and push the Typeset button again without halting the rst invocation of pdatex. The program will kill that invocation and run another. TeXShop remembers the source lines of the rst twenty errors. To cycle through these lines in the source le, chooseGo To Error in the Edit menu or type the keyboard shortcut for this menu item. When you x errors and typeset again, the viewer will remember the page you were previously viewing. If a line in the source begins with the characters %:, TeXShop interprets the remaining word or words on the line as a tag and adds these words to the Tag 7

pulldown menu. Choosing a tag entry in this menu will scroll to the appropriate line in the source le. Lines which begin with the words \section, \subsection, \subsubsection, or \chapter are automatically added to the Tag menu. However, this behavior can be changed by typing the following command in Apples Terminal program: defaults write TeXShop TagSections NO TeXShop can show multiple documents. If you choose New or Open, your original document will remain and additional windows for the new document will open. If you open a TeX le in a folder which contains a pdf le with the same name, this pdf will also appear. Some users like to divide their source into multiple les controlled by a master le using an \input command. TeXShop always saves the source le before typesetting. If the preference item During File Save, Save Related Files is checked, the master le will be searched before typesetting and any input le open in TeXShop will also be saved. This feature is due to John Nairn. You can start TeXShop by double clicking on a document with extension.tex. The program will open that input document and (if it exists) the associated pdf document. You can close the pdf window at any time. It will reappear when the document is typeset again. If you close the input window then both the input and output windows will close (windows from other TeX documents will remain open). Therefore, if an input source window is cluttering the screen, hide it instead of closing it. pdftex and pdatex are unix programs derived from Knuths TeX program. Until recently, TeX would not process les whose names contained spaces. If you have collaborators working on other machines, you may wish to avoid spaces in lenames. However, the TeX in Gerben Wierdas distribution allows spaces in lenames, and TeXShop itself has never had problems with spaces in lenames. The preview windows behavior can be changed using the "Magnication" and "Display Format" items in the Preview menu. For example, you can congure the scroller to scroll through all of the document pages; the preview window can show two pages at a time; resizing the window can be made to change the preview magnication. Experiment until you nd the mode you prefer, and then select this mode in preferences to make it permanent. Use the magnication tools in the Preview windows toolbar to magnify portions of 8

text. By double or triple clicking before holding down the mouse, a larger portion of the text will be magnied. The magnied region can be changed during magnication by pushing the apple, option, control, and shift keys. Use the pdf selection tool to select a portion of the preview window and drag it to the desktop or another programs window. The selection can also be copied and then pasted into another document. By default, this selected region contains only foreground text in pdf format. This is useful, for example, when dragging text to Keynote; the slides background will show behind the text and the text can be resized without losing clarity. Use the text selection tool to select text in the preview window. This text can be copied and then pasted to a word processor. If the preview contains links, these links can be activated by clicking with the text selection tool. Use the Back/Forward commands to return to the original page. Use the Find command in the windows drawer to search for text in the pdf document. You can jump between the source and preview windows by holding down the Apple command key while clicking on a word or phrase. If the phrase is in the source window, the preview window will scroll to the appropriate spot and the typeset phrase will be circled in red. If the phrase is in the preview window, the source window will open (if necessary) and scroll to the appropriate spot, and the source phrase will be highlighted in yellow.

1.5

Alternate Typesetting Mode

There is another way to typeset with TeXShop; in this alternate mode, eps illustrations can be input directly without conversion. To use the alternate method, choose TeX and Ghostscript in the Typeset menu. Then TeXShop will typeset by calling tex or latex to produce a .dvi le, calling dvips to convert it to a postscript le, and calling ps2pdf to convert the postscript le to pdf. The method chosen in the typeset menu will only aect the topmost le; other documents will continue to be typeset with pdftex or pdatex. The primary method used when a document is rst opened can be selected in the preference dialog. TheTeX and Ghostscript method should be used for old projects with many eps illustrations, and for TeX les with postscript special commands, and for TeX les that include bitmapped fonts which do not display correctly when typeset with pdatex. Experimentation will show which is the preferable typesetting engine. 9

There is a way to permanently set the typesetting method of a document regardless of preference choices. If one of the rst twenty lines of the source le is %!TEX TS-program = tex then tex + ghostscript will be used. If one of the rst twenty lines is %!TEX TS-program = latex then latex + ghostscript will be used. If one of the lines is %!TEX TS-program = pdftex or %!TEX TS-program = pdflatex then pdftex or pdatex will be used. If one of the lines is %!TEX TS-program = personaltex or %!TEX TS-program = personallatex then the personal script will be used as set in the preference dialog.

1.6

Checking Spelling

Cocoa programs automatically inherit spell checking technology by Apple. TeXShop supports continuous spell checking, which can be toggled on or o with a menu command. A preference item selects the initial position of this toggle. Aspell is a more intelligent Ispell for Unix machines written by Kevin Adkinson. His program has been ported to Mac OS X and made into a spelling service by Anton Leuski. This service installs and then is available to all Mac OS X programs as an alternate dictionary for Apples spelling services. The new speller supports LaTeX, recognizing that words like documentclass are valid LaTeX commands which should not be agged as misspelled. To obtain it, go to http://cocoaspell.leuski.net/

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An alternate LaTeX spell checker named Excalibur is often used. This spell checker was written by Rick Zaccone; it can open TeXShop les. To obtain it, go to http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/excalibr/excalibur.html

1.7

Latex Panel

Under the Windows menu, there is an item named Latex Panel... Choosing this item will open a panel containing a large number of mathematical symbols, Greek letters, international characters, and typesetting environments. Clicking on a symbol will insert the corresponding text into your LaTeX source le. This wonderful panel is the work of Georoy Lenglin, who can be reached at georoy.lenglin@m4x.org. Some symbols in the panel require the line \usepackage{amssymb} at the top of the source le. It is possible to customize the behavior of the panel. When TeXShop rst runs, it creates a le /Library/TeXShop/LatexPanel/completion.plist inside your personal Library folder. This le is an ordinary text le which can be opened and edited by TeXShop. The le contains all strings inserted into the source code when a Palette item is chosen. If such a string contains #SEL#, then the current selection will replace this expression in the inserted string. If a string contains #INS#, then the cursor will be set to this position when the string is inserted. To customize panel behavior, edit this le. Editing plist les is slightly tricky; see the item about them at the end of this help le. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters. Users can add up to sixteen additional items to the Latex Panel by editing completion.plist. These are displayed on the Custom subpanel of the Latex Panel. See comments in completion.plist for details about adding such items.

1.8

Matrix Panel

The Windows menu contains an item Matrix Panel.... Choosing this item will open a panel allowing easy creation of matrices. Only a small space is provided for each matrix entry, but larger items can be edited elsewhere and pasted into the 11

matrix. This wonderful panel is the work of Jonas Zimmermann, who can be reached at zimmerleut@gmx.de. In TeXShop 1.35 or above, the Matrix Panel can also create tables. The panel can be congured using the le matrixpanel 1.plist in /Library/TeXShop/MatrixPanel. The structure of this le was revised in 1.35; an old matrixpanel.plist le may remain from TeXShop 1.34. There is a hidden preference item to set the default size of matrices created by the panel. To change the default defaults write TeXShop matrixsize 12

1.9

Macros

There is an alternate mechanism to insert commonly used TeX commands in your source document. Find the command in the Macro menu or the Macro button on the toolbar and choose it. In addition, some macros run AppleScript commands. A Macro Editor is provided which allows you to examine current macros, modify them, and add your own macros. For details, see the About Macros document in the Help menu. The TeXShop Macro commands and the Macro Editor were created by Mitsuhiro Shishikura. Default macros were created by Mitsuhiro Shishikura and Hirokazu Ogawa. Macros are stored in the le /Library/TeXShop/Macros/Macros.plist. This is an ordinary text le which can be copied and sent to others; thus you can distribute macros you have created. The Macro Editor has a command to read a plist le and add macros in it to existing macros.

1.10

Toolbar and Applescript

The selection and location of tools at the top of the TeX Source and PDF Preview windows can be modied using the menu item Customize Toolbar.This toolbar support is entirely the work of Anton Leuski. Thanks! TeXShop supports Applescript. This is also the work of Anton Leuski.

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1.11

Including Graphics

The programs pdftex and pdatex can use graphic les produced in pdf, jpg, png, or mps format. If you are using the default latex template and installed the graphic conversion packages from Gerben Wierdas distribution, you can also use graphic les produced in eps or tif format; they will automatically be converted to pdf or png formats during typesetting. One peculiarity is that ti les must have extension tif rather than ti. The native graphics format of Mac OS X is pdf (portable document format) and such les print well at any size. It is likely that most future Mac graphics programs will output pdf. If you used TeX in the past, your illustrations may be in eps format. These les must be converted to pdf format before being typeset with pdftex and pdatex. As explained above, this will happen automatically if you use the default latex template. You can also convert an eps illustration by opening it in TeXShop. The illustration will appear in a graphic window and TeXShop will simultaneously write the corresponding pdf le to disk. Ghostscript also contains a command line program to convert; indeed TeXShop calls this program or Apples distill program depending on a choice in TeXShop Preferences. To convert myle.eps to myle.pdf within Terminal, type epstopdf myfile.eps The authors of pdatex and the authors of the graphics package graphicx have made it easy to include graphic les in a LaTeX document typeset with pdatex, even if the document will later be typeset by standard latex and converted to a dvi le for distribution to other people. At the top of such a LaTeX input le, include the line: \usepackage{graphicx} When you wish to include a graphic le, say f1.pdf, use the command \includegraphics[width=2in]{f1} This command will cause tex to input the graphic le f1.pdf when the text is typeset with pdatex, but input the le f1.eps when the text is typeset with latex. If you upgraded from a previous version of TeXShop and want to use automatic conversion of eps and tif les during typesetting, make certain that you have installed Ghostscript 8 and ImageMagick with Gerben Wierdas installer, the pdatex 13

program preference is pdatex shell-escape, and the LaTeX header contains the following lines \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} \DeclareGraphicsRule{.tif}{png}{.png}{convert #1 basename #1 .tif.png}

1.12

Printing

To print a TeX output le, select the Print menu item. To print TeX source, select the Print Source menu item.

1.13

Setting Preferences

Several items can be changed using the Preference panel: the default font for the input window, the default magnication for the output window, and the default position of these windows when they rst appear. You can congure the console so it always appears when typesetting, or only appears when there is an error. You can congure the source window so an initial click in the window only activates the window, or this initial click also sets the text insertion point. The preference dialog can also be used to change the commands executed when the TeX and LaTeX buttons are pushed. The substituted command must produce a pdf output le. If the new programs are in the teTeX binary directory, it is enough to name them in the preference dialog; the dialog will also accept fully qualied path names for les which live elsewhere. TeXShop editing is done with Apples Cocoa editing class, which uses Unicode for internal work. When TeXShop les are written to disk, they are usually converted to 8-bit ascii because TeX expects to receive such a le. There are several ways to do the conversion: Mac OS Roman, Iso Latin 1, Iso Latin 2, and others. A preference item selects the method used. For many users, the choice will make no dierence. Some TeX packages allow users to type accented European characters directly on the keyboard; these packages require the Iso Latin conversion. Thanks to Martin Heusse for providing the original code for this preference. The conversion method can also be selected directly from the Open and Save panels.

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Users in Japan and Korea will use other conversion preferences, also provided. It is possible to reset the background color of the source window. The preference dialog does not have an interface to make this change. To set the background to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop background R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop background G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop background B 0.77 It is also possible to set the text color in the source window. This preference will only be recognized if syntax coloring is on. To set the forground color to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop foreground R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop foreground G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop foreground B 0.77 The color of the insertion point in the source window can be changed. For example, to set this insertion point color to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint B 0.77 By using the previous three sets of commands in combination, the source window can be made to display white text on a black background or other coloring schemes as desired. There are hidden preferences to set the transparency of the source, preview, and console windows:

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defaults write TeXShop ConsoleWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop SourceWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop PreviewWindowAlpha 0.75 Here an alpha value of 0.00 is completely transparent and an alpha value of 1.00 is completely opaque. Use these commands cautiously! A pulldown menu at the bottom of the Preferences Panel can be used to reset preferences to their default values. This is mainly useful in Japan, since dierent defaults are available for users of various pTeX distributions.

1.14

Modifying the Templates Menu

When TeXShop runs for the rst time, it creates a folder /Library/TeXShop/Templates and places the les Graphics.tex and LatexTemplate.tex (and a folder named More of additional les) in this folder. The names of these les are shown under the Templates pull down menu at the top of the input window. Choosing one of these items inserts the contents of the template le at the current cursor position in the source. The Graphics and LaTeX templates were recently revised by Will Robertson to follow modern TeX practices; Robertson provided the templates in the More subdirectory. Template les are standard TeX les which can be opened and edited by TeXShop. Additional TeX les can be inserted into the Templates folder; they will also appear under the Templates pull down menu provided their names end with the extension .tex The original template les can be removed if desired. To create a hierarchical structure in the Templates menu, place some of the template les in subfolders of /Library/TeXShop/Templates. To restore the original template les, delete the Templates folder and run TeXShop again. It will recreate the folder and restore its original contents. When users upgrade TeXShop, the templates folder is not updated because the user may have modied it. If an upgrade changes default templates, it is a good idea to move the /Library/TeXShop/Templates folder to the desktop, let TeXShop recreate

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the folder from scratch, and then repopulate the folder with additional templates from the old Templates folder. The commands \usepackage{amssymb} and \usepackage{graphicx} mentioned earlier are included in recent copies of the LatexTemplate, but not in copies from very old versions of TeXShop.

1.15

Editing Tricks

Double clicking on a bracket of the form (, {, [, ], }, or ) will select everything between that bracket and its matching bracket. Double clicking on a bracket with the option key down will select the bracket alone. TeXShop has a new Find panel by Isao Sonobe. This panel supports regular expressions. Users can switch between this panel and the original one in Preferences. The Find panel depends on OgreKit, a Cocoa framework for handling regular expressions by Sonobe. See http://www-gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sonobe/OgreKit OgreKit is distributed using a slightly modied version of the BSD license; this license can be found in the TeXShop source code distribution. OgreKit requires Panther, so the new panel will only appear on machines running system 10.3 or later. There are many nice features of this new Find panel. OgreKit modies the Find submenu of the TeXShop edit menu, replacing it with a more extensive menu. The Find panel presents buttons controlling how it will nd words; the settings of these buttons will be remembered from session to session. Adjust them until Find words as expected and then relax. Groups of lines can be commented out using a menu command, and later activated again. Groups of lines can be indented with a menu command, and later moved back. If a line starts with a series of tabs or spaces, new lines will start at the same position until the behavior is cancelled by backspacing. This behavior was added to TeXShop by Nicols Ojeda Br in Argentina, who can be reached at lojedaora a tiz@interlink.com.ar. Thanks! The source window can be split in two pieces using the split tool at the top of the window. When it is split, two views of the same source are shown. You can type in either piece and your changes will immediately appear in the other as well. Thus you can modify one section of source while reading a second part of the source. 17

TeXShop can be instructed to create a backup le every time a le is saved or typeset. This is set using a hidden preference. To create backup les, open Terminal and type the following command: defaults write TeXShop SaveBackup YES Change YES to NO to stop creating backups. A Statistics panel lists the number of words, line, and characters in a document. Internally, this panel calls detex myfile | wc The detex command removes tex commands, but the word count is still only approximate. Input and include les are counted automatically by this command. File icons can be dragged and dropped onto the source text. If the le is a tex le, an \input command will be added with a relative path to the le. If the le is a graphic le, an \includegraphics command will be added instead. The following graphic types are recognized: pdf, jpg, jpeg, tif, ti, eps, ps. Dropping a cls le produces \documentclass and a le reference, dropping a sty le produces \usepackage, dropping a bib le produces \bibliographystyle, and dropping other text les produces \input. Drag and drop resolves aliases. For example, if a graphic le is really an alias, the le can be drag-and-dropped to the source and this source will typeset ne. TeX itself cannot resolve aliases, although it can resolve symbolic links. So if the name of the graphic alias is typed directly into the source, it will cause an error during typesetting. The behavior of drag and drop is user customizable. Customization is done with the Macro menu. Insert a new submenu titled "Drag & Drop". Inside this submenu place items named with the extension whose behavior you wish to customize, and place the code that should be inserted in the body of this item. For instance, if the item is .pdf, the code might be \includegraphics[#INS#]{%r}. In these inclusions, the following abbreviations may be used: %F %f %r %n full path of an dropped file dropped filename relative path of the dropped file filename without extension 18

%e

extension

If an extension is not mentioned in the Macro Editor, then it is handled in the default manner mentioned earlier. Thus for most people, no macroDrag & Drop submenu is needed.

1.16

Auto Completion

Greg Landweber has added auto completion to the TeXShop editor. Typing a double quote will produce a pair of double quotes with the cursor positioned between them. Typing the symbol will produce { } with the cursor positioned between the brackets. Etc. Thirty-nine such completions are currently available. Auto completion can be turned o or on with a preference item. The default preference is o. To try auto completion, turn it on. Auto completion is user congurable. To congure, open the le /Library/TeXShop/Keyboard/autocompletion.plist with TeXShop. Read the comments at the top, edit appropriately to redene Landwebers choices or add your own, and save. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters.

1.17

Command Completion

The source editor supports command completion. Type the rst few letters of a word and hit the escape key. The remaining letters will be entered. Hitting escape again will cycle through all possible completions. Initially this will have limited usefulness because the completion dictionary is almost empty. To add a word to the dictionary, select the word and choose Add Word under the Format menu. Notice that this menu command has a key equivalent. To see and edit the entire dictionary, choose Open Completion File under the Format menu. Notice that the completion can be more complicated than just a single word, and the cursor can be placed correctly within this completion. Examine the samples provided in the default le for details. This feature will be improved in later versions of TeXShop.

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1.18

Sending Bug Reports

To le bug reports for TeXShop and suggest improvements, contact Richard Koch Mathematics Department University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97405 koch@math.uoregon.edu or Dirk Olmes dirk@xanthippe.ping.de Reports for teTeX/TeXLive should go to Gerben Wierda Gerben_Wierda@rna.nl

1.19

Useful Web Sites

TeXShop Web Site: http://www.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/ teTeX/TeXLive Web Site: http://www.rna.nl/tex.html Gary Grays MacOSX TeX/LaTeX Web Site: http://www.esm.psu.edu/mac-tex/ Unicode Extensions to support TeXShops UTF-8 Unicode le preference option: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/unicode/ Context Web Site: http://www.pragma-ade.com

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MetaPost Web Site: http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html Comprehensive TeX Archive: http://www.ctan.org http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive TeX Users Group (TUG): http://www.tug.org XeTeX and XeLaTeX: http://scripts.sil.org/xetex

1.20

License

TeXShop is provided under the GNU General Public License (GPL). This means that you are free to use, copy, and modify the program. If you give your modications to others, the modications must also be provided under the GPL. The source code is available on the web site: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/texshop.html

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2
2.1

Advanced Help
Adding Personal Sty and Macro Files to teTeX

Users sometimes create additional sty, cls, bib, and tex les for common use in several dierent projects. These les will certainly be seen by tex and latex if they are placed in the same folder as the tex source le being typeset, but then multiple copies of the les must be kept on the computer. It is possible to make these les visible to all teTeX projects, whether typeset from TeXShop or from the Terminal. To do so, create a subfolder of the Library folder in your home directory named texmf. Create subfolders named tex and bibtex. Within the tex folder, create a subfolder named latex. Store your personal les in these folders. Tex will nd any le in /Library/texmf/tex or a subfolder of this directory. Latex will nd any le in /Library/texmf/tex/latex or a subfolder of this directory, and bibtex and makeindex will nd any le in /Library/texmf/bibtex and /Library/texmf/makeindex respectively, or a subfolder. It is not necessary to run texhash after adding les to these folders. On other Unix machines, tex is sometimes notied of the location of personal input les by setting the environment variables TEXINPUTS, BSTINPUTS, and BIBINPUTS. This is generally not necessary in Gerben Wierdas teTeX distribution. These environment variables can be set in unusual circumstances. Mac OS X allows users to notify programs about environment variables by creating a le in their home directory named /.MacOSX/environment.plist. These environment variables get picked up by all user shells and all Carbon and Cocoa programs, so caution should be used when creating the le. Below is a sample environment.plist le sent me by Nathan Potter; thanks! For further details, consult http://developer.apple.com/qa/qa2001/qa1067.html

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2.2

Additional Typesetting Engines

Recently, Jonathan Kew introduced XeTeX and XeLaTeX. These programs can use Macintosh fonts directly within a TeX document. XeTeX and XeLaTeX accept unicode source and thus can deal with any unicode character; for example, with them you can type Arabic or Hebrew in the source document and later see Arabic or Hebrew in the output. TeXShops editor will correctly input these characters from right to left. XeTeX is not part of the standard TeX distribution from Gerben Wierda, but it can be obtained using Wierdas i-Installer as an optional install directly from Jonathan Kew. It is automatically installed as part of the MacTeX install package. For additional details, consult http://scripts.sil.org/xetex To understand how this works, here is a brief XeLaTeX source document, and the resulting output. The Arabic and Hebrew characters were obtained by accessing the International Panel in System Preferences, selecting the Input Menu tab, and checking Arabic and Hebrew; a small ag appeared on the menu bar and a user could switch keyboards by selecting an appropriate ag.

23

24

TeXShop now supports XeTeX and XeLaTeX. XeTeX and XeLaTeX are available in the pull-down typesetting menu on the source window A user can make XeTeX or XeLaTeX the default typesetting option in preferences. If one of the rst twenty lines of the source has the form %!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode then that source will be loaded and saved with UTF-8 Unicode encoding regardless of the default encoding setting in preferences If one of the rst twenty lines of the source has the form %!TEX TS-program = xetex or %!TEX TS-program = xelatex then the appropriate program will be used regardless of the typesetting option chosen in the menu. These XeTeX features are a special case of a new general method for adding typesetting engines to TeXShop. There is a folder in /Library/TeXShop named Engines; the les in this folder are shell scripts which call typesetting programs. When TeXShop rst starts, it examines this folder and adds the script names of les it contains to the pull-down typesetting menu. Choosing one of these items and pushing the Typeset button calls the script. Users can write their own scripts and add them to the Engines folder. Each such script must have a name without spaces, and extension ".engine", and have the executable bit set. Items in /Library/TeXShop/Engines can be chosen as the default typesetting method in TeXShop Preferences. Notice that when a method is listed in Preferences, its name is given without the extension. The default program can be set on one of the rst twenty lines of the source code by writing a line like %!TEX TS-program = xelatex The encoding used to open or save any le can be set by writing a line of the following form as one of the rst twenty lines of a source document. Any supported encoding is allowed. To bypass this behavior, hold down the option key while opening a le. %!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode 25

There must be one space after %!TEX and one space before the equals sign; the spaces in the name of the encoding must match the spaces in the name listed below. Below is a list of allowed encoding names: MacOSRoman IsoLatin IsoLatin2 IsoLatin5 IsoLatin9 MacJapanese DOSJapanese SJIS_X0213 EUC_JP JISJapanese MacKorean UTF-8 Unicode Standard Unicode Mac Cyrillic DOS Cyrillic DOS Russian Windows Cyrillic KOI8_R Mac Chinese Traditional Mac Chinese Simplified DOS Chinese Traditional DOS Chinese Simplified GBK GB 2312 GB 18030

2.3

Removing AUX Files

When documents are typeset, auxiliary les are created with extensions .aux, .log, .bbl, etc. Occasionally these les can become corrupt and lead to unexplained typesetting errors. TeXShop has a menu command Trash AUX Files which will remove all such les so typesetting can proceed. There is a similarly named button on the Console window. If either of these items is activated, TeXShop will move to the 26

trash all les in the current source directory with the same name as the source le and extension aux, blg, brf, ccs, ent, f, glo, idx, idv, ilg, ind, ioa, lg, log, lot, mte, mlf, out, pdfsync, toc, ttt, wrm, xref, 4ct, or 4tc. Additional extensions can be added to this list. To add dvi to the list, activate the Terminal and type defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array-add "dvi" To remove all additions and return to the original default list, tppe defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array Sometimes more extensive cleanup is needed. For example, if a book is controlled by main.tex, and chapters are in subfolders accessed with commands like \include{chapter1/chapter1} then typesetting the book will create main.aux, main.pdfsync, and main.log in the main folder, and chapter1.aux in the chapter1 folder. The required extensive cleanup can be done by holding down the option key while choosing Trash AUX Files. In this case: %!TEX root and Root File information will be used to nd the root document and its folder All les with appropriate extensions in this folder or any subfolder will be moved to the trash, regardless of the name of the le. There is a way to make this behavior the default behavior for Trash AUX Files even if the option key is not down: defaults write TeXShop AggressiveTrashAUX YES

2.4

Using an External Editor

TeXShop can be congured for an external editor in several ways. Some features below will be useful and others not depending on how your editor works. In the future, your editor may come with conguration instructions. There is a menu item named Open for Preview.. When this item is chosen, you will be asked to select a .tex source le. But only the associated pdf preview window opens. If the source has not yet been typeset or if the pdf is out of date, TeXShop will typeset the le as it is opened. You can open your source le in any editor. When it is time to typeset, save the changes in your editor, switch to the preview 27

window, and typeset. In this mode, TeXShop never opens or modies the source le. It simply passes this le to the Unix TeX or LaTeX process. The preview window can be congured to contain a typesetting button. If such a button is not there, use Customize Toolbar... in the Windows menu to add one. For users who prefer external editors most of the time, there is a preference item called Congure for External Editor. When this preference is chosen, theOpen and Open Recent... menus open tex source les in the above manner for editing with an external editor. Moreover, the Open for Preview... menu becomes Open for Editing... and opens the source le in TeXShops internal editor for those rare occasions when the internal editor is desired. The Open and Open Recent... menus can also open jpg, ti, ps, pdf, dvi, log, and other les; selecting the new preference does not change this behavior. Some editors are able to call Unix typesetting commands directly. A new preference item, Automatic Preview Update, has been added to improve your experience with these editors. When this item is active and a .tex le is opened using Open for Preview, the pdf preview display automatically updates whenever the pdf le is rewritten. Thus you can typeset with an external editor and the preview window will automatically show changes. The preference also applies to .pdf les opened in TeXShop, and if TeXShop is congured to use an external editor, the preference applies to .tex les opened with Open. The following applescript commands have been added to TeXShop so editors can call TeXShop directly: typesetinteractive texinteractive latexinteractive contextinteractive bibtexinteractive makeindexinteractive metapostinteractive taskdone refreshpdf open_for_externaleditor The rst seven commands activate TeXShop typesetting commands. Applescript will return immediately after these calls without waiting for typesetting to complete. 28

The taskdone call can be used to test completion; it returns NO while typesetting is being done, and YES when it is nished. Each of these calls refreshes the preview window at the end of typesetting. If your editor calls TeXShop to typeset, the Automatic Preview Update preference can be turned o. If the external editor modies the pdf output directly, it can call refreshpdf to refresh the pdf display. This is only needed if Automatic Preview Update is o. Finallyopen for externaleditor opens a tex le by calling Open for Preview. The Tcl code to make these calls from AlphaX in included in the AlphaTcl folder inside the TeXShop Folder of the TeXShop distribution. Read the rst lines of this le to see how to congure AlphaX for this purpose.

2.5

Copy-Paste and Drag-Drop from the Preview Window

It is possible to select a portion of the pdf preview display and copy and paste the resulting graphic into another program. Drag and drop of the selection is also supported. Preference items allow users to select the le type of the copy (pdf, png, jpg, ti, etc.) and the foreground and background colors and transparency. Preview selection combined with drag and drop can be used with Keynote. Using the default copy preferences, a text selection can be dropped on a Keynote slide; the background of the text will be transparent, so the slide background will show between the letters. This text can be resized since the default copy format is pdf. The Edit menus Select All command can be used to select the entire pdf page for copying. However, in Multi-Page and Double-Multi-Page modes Select All only works if the document has 20 or fewer pages, since otherwise the selected pdf could be enormous and copying could bring the machine to a crawl.

2.6

Setting a Project Root File

It is common to split large input les into several smaller les controlled by a root le. For instance, the root le of a book project might have the form \documentclass[11pt]{book} \includeonly{Chapter2/two} \textwidth = 6..5 in \textheight = 9 in 29

\begin{document} \include{Chapter1/one} \include{Chapter2/two} \include{Chapter3/three} \end{document} This root le contains formatting commands for the entire project, but the subject matter is contained in les one.tex, two.tex, and three.tex. The second line above tells TeX to typeset chapter two only, speeding up typesetting while chapter two is being written. When the book is complete, this line can be commented out and the entire book can be typeset a nal time. While chapter two is being written, it would be natural to open the le two.tex in TeXShop. But after changes are made to this input le, TeXShop should not typeset two.tex; instead it should typeset the root le. TeXShop can be told to do so in two ways. The rst of these is easier and is the preferred method. Specify the root le in one of the rst twenty lines of each chapter le by writing %!TEX root = ../Main.tex The second method uses the menu command Set Project Root... This menu command presents a panel with a text box where the name of the root le can be entered. If the root le is in the same folder as the input le, it is enough to give its name, including the .tex extension. For instance, if the root le is named Main, you can enter Main.tex in the rst source line or the dialog window. If the root le is in a dierent directory, its name can be given relative to the location of the input le. In the above example, the various chapters are contained in subfolders within the folder containing the root le. In that case, you could enter ../Main.tex in the rst source line or dialog window, showing the location of the root le relative to the chapter input le. Finally, the name of the root can be given with an absolute name, as in /Users/me/Main.tex If the entire TeX source is contained in a single le, it is not necessary to set the root project name. If the Set Project Root.. command is used to indicate a root le, TeXShop remembers the name of the root le by writing the information to a le with the same 30

name as the input le and the extension .texshop. For instance, if the input for chapter two is in two.tex, TeXShop writes the name of the root in two.texshop in the same directory as two.tex. If the le two.texshop is later thrown away, TeXShop will revert to typesetting two.tex rather than Main.tex. No extra .texshop le is required if the root le is specied in the rst line of the source le. If a root le is active, typing command-1 when a given source window is at the front will activate the corresponding preview window. Typing command-1 again will activate the source window. Since a preview window may correspond to several source windows, command-1 will activate the source window which previously activated the preview window, or the root source if no previous command-1 was entered.

2.7

Pdfsync

Synchronization is an important feature of Textures, a commercial implementation of TeX by Blue Sky TeX Systems. Using this feature, an author can click in the preview window and immediately be taken to the corresponding spot in the source window, or click in the source window and be taken to the preview window. The implementation of synchronization in Textures is widely admired for its ability to precisely locate the corresponding spot in the source code. Since this implementation, a number of TeX systems have provided a roughly similar feature using an additional style le which causes TeX to write extra information to the dvi le. None of these approximations (including the TeXShop methods to be described next) is as accurate as the Textures method. TeXShop can provide synchronization in two ways. The default method uses a new ability in Mac OSX 10.4 to search for strings in pdf les. No special style les need be included to use this method. Click on a word or phrase in the source window while holding down the Apple control key; the preview window will scroll to the appropriate spot and the corresponding typeset phrase will be circled in red. Similarly, click on a word or phrase in the preview window. The appropriate source le will open (if necessary) and scroll to the corresponding source phrase, which will be highlighted in yellow. This method is independent of the engine used to typeset the le, so it will work with pdftex and pdatex, with TeX + Ghostscript and LaTeX + Ghostscript, with XeTeX, and with other engines. When using this facility, it helps to know the underlying mechanism. Suppose you 31

click on a spot in the source le. TeXShop obtains the string 20 characters wide centered about the click, and searches for the corresponding string in the pdf le. If it nds this string exactly once, it circles the pdf string in red and declares success. But often, source strings contain formatting commands and do not match output strings; this is certainly true when typesetting mathematics. So if the search fails, TeXShop backs up 5 characters, obtains a new string 20 characters wide, and tries again. It repeats this operation 20 times if necessary, and if none of the tries succeeds it repeats the operation 20 more times looking forward past the original string rather than backward. If none of these search operations succeeds, TeXShop gives up. Obviously, then, it is best to click on sentences rather than formulas. Paragraphs with heavy markup may not synchronize well. Experiments show, however, that searches usually succeed and clicking can be done without really thinking about selecting an appropriate spot. Synchronizing from the preview window to the source window works the same way, but there is an additional complication. Projects may contain several source les, inserted using the \include or \input methods. TeXShop handles this complication by assuming that all \include and \input statements occur in the root le, using one of the commands \include{this le}, \input{this le}, or \import{this le}. In the initial implementation, it makes a list of the rst sixty such les and searches all of them, declaring success if a string occurs exactly once in exactly one of the les. If the string is found in a le which is not yet open, TeXShop opens the le. Then it scrolls to the appropriate spot and highlights the resulting phrase in yellow. (In future implementations, the number sixty may be raised; write if you need more les searched.) ConTeXt uses a dierent method of inputting les, so a search for \include and \input statements will not nd related ConTeXt les. There is a manual method to indicate les to be searched for synchronization; this method works with any typesetting method and is required in ConTeXt. At the top of the root le, list les to be searched via %!TEX projectfile = Here are examples: %!TEX projectfile = /Users/koch/MyDoc/chapter1.tex %!TEX projectfile = chapter2.tex %!TEX projectfile = ../chapter3.tex 32

Earlier versions of TeXShop used an alternate synchronization method, invented in 2003 by Jrme Laurens and Piero DAncona. They wrote a style le for pdatex; eo their package, pdfsync.sty, causes pdftex to write an extra le during typesetting with information needed to correlate the output pdf and input source les. Laurens and DAnconas work depends on internal pdftex commands which output the x and y coordinates of certain typesetting operations, so it only works with pdftex, pdatex, and context. TeXShop can still use this method. A preference is available in the Misc tab to select the synchronization method; pdfsync is the original method and pdfsearch is the new method. It is also possible to choose to use pdfsearch but fall back on pdfsync when pdfsearch fails to nd a match. The pdfsync method requires that you install the latest version of pdfsync.sty and related les. Read How do I congure TeXShop?: Did You Install TeXShop Correctly to make certain that you installed these les. To use pdfsync with LaTeX, add the following line to the preamble of your tex source code before the \begin{document} line: \usepackage{pdfsync} The package will be ignored if you typeset with tex + ghostscript, but if you typeset with pdatex, an extra le will be created with extension .pdfsync. For example, if the source le is named main.tex, the extra le will be named main.pdfsync. This extra le contains the information needed to correlate spots in the pdf le with spots in the source le. Most les should typeset without errors using pdfsync, but in a small number of cases, this package might introduce extra errors. Such dangerous code can be enclosed between a pair of commands \pdfsyncstop and \pdfsyncstart. For added accuracy, extra synchronization points can be added using the command \pdfsync. The pdfsync style les sometimes changes line breaks in a document, so the standard recommendation is to typeset using it and then typeset a nal time without it. Once a le has been typeset with pdfsync, synchronization works exactly as with pdfsearch described above. Note that if you include pdfsync.sty but choose pdfsearch as the TeXShop synchronization preference, then the .pdfsync le will just be ignored. Warning: if a root document uses \include to add other source les but these les are not linked back to the root document with a %!TEX root line or a root le, then command-click will move from the preview window to an included source, but 33

not from the included source back to the preview. It is easy to remedy this by adding a %!TEX root comment to the top of each source le. As explained above, pdfsync works with les read by \include{myle}. It also works with the input command provided the syntax used is \input{myle}; the alternate syntax \input myle will not work. The le pdfsync.sty is used for LaTeX; similar les pdfsync.tex and pdfsync4context.tex exist for tex and context synchronization. Synchronization works by writing data to mysource.pdfsync corresponding to certain synchronization spots in the preview window. Roughly speaking, each data entry contains the page number of the preview document where the point occurs the location of the point on this page the name of the source le producing this particular output the line number in this source le for this particular output There is a way to get TeXShop to display these synchronization points. The preview window toolbar has a checkbox item called SyncMarks. By default, this item is not shown; use Customize Toolbar in the Window menu to select it. When the checkbox is checked, synchronization points are shown. When the Preview window rst appears, this item is not checked. A hidden preference item can change this: defaults write TeXShop ShowSyncMarks YES

2.8

Unicode

Unicode is a format which can simultaneously encode characters from languages across the world: Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Roman, Russian, and a host of others. Editors written with Apples Cocoa use Unicode internally and can write external Unicode les. In particular, TeXShop can do so. To experiment, open the International preference in the System Preferences program, choose the Input Menu tab, and add additional selections to the items already selected. It is illuminating to select Greek (because it is familiar), Hebrew (because it is written from right to left), Arabic (because it is written from right to left and makes extensive 34

use of ligatures, so characters have dierent shapes at the ends of words than in the middle) and Chinese. A new menu item will appear with a ag indicating the current input language. Type some characters, switch to another language, and type some more. There are several formats for Unicode les. A preference item allows users to select two of them. Standard OSX Unicode is the usual code used by Mac OSX, but I do not know if this is useful in the TeX world. UTF-8 Unicode is a popular format because ordinary ascii characters appear as they usually do. If a le is saved in UTF-8 format, TeX can process it, but it will convert Unicode characters to question marks. There is a TeX package which accepts UTF-8 Unicode input les; see http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/unicode/

2.9

BibTeX

BibTeX is a tool used to create bibliographies in LaTeX documents. The tool assumes that you have a large database of references which you often quote. Simple commands allow you to cite certain of these references in your LaTeX source, and BibTeX then creates a bibliography for your article containing only the items cited. Here is a brief example taken from The LaTeX Companion by Goossens, Mittelbach, and Samarin. Consult this book for many additional details. Suppose the database is a le called mybibliography.bib containing the text shown below. In this text, the entries Felici:1991, Knuth:WEB, and Liang:1983 are key values used to cite the articles in the LaTeX source. @article{Felici:1991, author ={James Felici}, title ={{PostScript versus TrueType}}, journal ={Macworld}, volume =8, pages ={195--201}, month =sep, year =1991} @techreport{Knuth:WEB, title ={{The \textsf{WEB} System of Structured Documentation}}, month =sep, year =1983, 35

author ={Donald E. Knuth}, address ={Stanford, CA 94305}, number ={STAN-CS-83-980}, institution ={Department of Computer Science, Stanford University} } @phdthesis{Liang:1983, author ={Franklin Mark Liang}, month =jun, year = 1983, school ={Stanford University}, address ={Stanford, CA 94305}, title ={{Word Hy-phen-a-tion by Com-pu-ter}}, note ={Also available at Stanford University, Department of Computer Science Report No. STAN-CS-83-977} } Suppose the LaTeX source le is called myle.tex and contains the following text: \begin{document} Consider the argument of Felici~\cite{Felici:1991} and others. \nocite{Liang:1983} We provide further remarks later. \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{mybibliography} \end{document} When this source is typeset, a reference to Felicis article will appear in the text, and a bibliography will be created at the end of the text containing the articles of Felici and Liang, but not the article of Knuth. TeXShop can be used with this example in the following way. First edit and typeset the document myle.tex as usual. Citations will appear in the output as [?] and the bibliography will be missing. Then select BibTeX under the Program button and run BibTeX. Next select LaTeX and typeset again. Citations will still appear as [?], but the bibliography will be added to the output. Typeset a nal time, and citations will have their correct values. The le mybibliography.bib can be opened and edited by TeXShop. If you use 36

TeXShop to create the le mybibliography.bib in the rst place, use the pulldown tag labeled le format to save the le as a bib le rather than as a tex le.

2.10

MakeIndex

MakeIndex is a tool used to add an index to a LaTeX document. To create such an index, you should Add the command \usepackage{makeidx} to the top of the source le Put a \makeindex command in the document preamble Put a \printindex command where the index should appear, often just before \end{document} Put index references in the source document, as in the example below: There are many animals in the world\index{animal}. Examples include bears\index{animal!bear} and tigers\index{animal!tiger} and various insects\index{insert|see{animal}}. To create the index, typeset the document as usual. Then run MakeIndex. Then typeset again. Many additional details can be found in The LaTeX Companion by Goossens, Mittelbach, and Samarin.

2.11
2.11.1

Making and Using New TeX Formats

When TeX typesets a document, it must process the document header, which may contain a large number of \input, \include, and \usepackage statements. Every time the document is typeset, this process is repeated even though large portions of the header did not change. TeX has a built-in mechanism to speed up this process. TeX can be instructed to process lines of source and output the result to a format le. When TeX typesets after that, it can rapidly read the format and then typeset the document. LaTeX is constructed in this manner; the format le is created when TeX is installed on your machine and the Terminal command latex le tells TeX to read this format and then typeset le. 37

When machines were slower, users often created their own format les to speed up typesetting. This is done less often today, but dealing with format les may still be useful. For instance, some organizations create and distribute a format to be used by everyone working on a common project. In this section well explain how to use a format le provided by someone else, and how to create a format. A typical format le has extension fmt. Suppose a department of the University of Oregon has provided a format uo.fmt. To use this format, follow the steps below: Move uo.fmt to /Library/texmf/web2c/uo.fmt. You may need to create some of these directories. Create a new engine le by going to /Library/TeXShop/Engines and duplicating the le XeLaTeX.engine. Engine les need to have the execute bit set, and this duplication step automatically does that. Rename this new le. The name need not match the name of the format. Since the name will appear in the TeXShop interface, it should make sense to a user. Well choose Oregon.engine. Open Oregon.engine in TeXShop and edit it to read as follows. The rst two lines may already be present. #!/bin/tcsh set path= ($path /usr/local/teTeX/bin/uname -p-apple-darwin-current // /usr/local/bin) pdflatex -fmt uo "$1" This completes the installation. The next time you start TeXShop, the pulldown menu beside the typeset button on the Source Window Toolbar will list Oregon as an option. Choose this to typeset using the uo.fmt format. If you want this typesetting method to be the default, go to TeXShop preferences under the Typesetting tab, and in the Default Command box select Command Listed Below and ll in the edit box with the word Oregon. It is also possible to select the Oregon format for a particular document without changing the typesetting option. To do that, add the following line to the top of the source le: %!TEX TS-program = Oregon

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Then uo.fmt will be used for that document regardless of the typesetting option chosen. The above instructions assume you have a format for pdatex. You can also make formats for plain tex; in that case change pdatex to pdftex in the engine le. It is also possible to use formats when you are typesetting with tex + ghostscript. TeXShop assumes that an engine le contains one or more command line instructions and ultimately produces a pdf le. So the engine le must contain the commands which convert the dvi le to a pdf le. Here is a typical engine le for uo.fmt in that case: #!/bin/tcsh set path= ($path /usr/local/teTeX/bin/uname -p-apple-darwin-current // /usr/local/bin) latex -fmt uolatex "$1" set filename = "$1" dvips "${filename:r}.dvi" pstopdf "${filename:r}.ps" 2.11.2 Making formats

Format les contain the internal binary representation of typeset lines of source. This representation depends on the processor and particular TeX implementation. Thus it is rarely possible to use a format le from someone else unless that person has the same machine and TeX installation that you do. However, it is common for organizations to distribute the source lines needed to construct a format. In that case youll be told to make the format usinginitTeX. For example, suppose this source text is uo.tex. To make the format, open Apples Terminal program and change to the directory containing the source for the format. Then type pdflatex -ini You will get a ** prompt. Type the following line at the prompt &pdflatex uo and press return. The format le will be created. At the end you may have to issue a \dump command if the format source doesnt contain it. This will produce the

39

required uo.fmt. You might like to try this with the following uo.tex le: \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{geometry} \geometry{letterpaper} \usepackage[parfill]{parskip} \usepackage{gra[hicx} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{epstopdf} \DeclareGraphicsRule{.tif}{npg}{.png}{convert #1 dirname #1/basename #1 .tif.png} \dump

2.12

Opening Other Files with TeXShop

TeXShop can open most les for editing. This facility has been provided so users can read TeX-related les with extensions .log, .aux, etc. Files with extensions .jpg, .tif, .eps, or .pdf are opened as graphic les. TeXShop can also open .dvi and .ps les. In these cases, it converts the le to pdf and displays this pdf le. TeXShop can open .ins, .dts, .sty, .cls, mf, .def, .fd, .ltx, .clo, and mp les for processing. It can open any text le. It is not a good idea to use TeXShop as a general editor. TeXShop can read les written in UniCode and other formats, but it saves les in the format chosen in Preferences. Consequently, information may be lost if TeXShop is used to edit les which really arent related to TeX.

2.13

Mathematica

Mathematica can save images in eps format. These les can be used by either typesetting option; as explained above, they are automatically converted to pdf if typeset with pdatex.

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The eps les produced by Mathematica use the Macintosh line feed conventions. Earlier versions of TeXShop and teTeX required that these les be converted to use Unix line feeds before converting them to pdf format, but that is no longer necessary.

2.14

Localizations

TeXShop contains a Dutch localization Maarten Sneep, a French localization by Jerome Laurens, a German localization by Keith J. Schultz, Sascha Beverungen, Martin Kerz, and Max Horn, an Italian localization by Giuseppe Carlino, a Japanese localization by Seiji Zenitani, a Spanish localization by Juan L. Varona, and a Portuguese localization by Paulo T. Abreu. Thanks! In Japan, modied versions of TeX and LaTeX called ptex and platex are sometimes used. TeXShop has been modied by Makoto Inoue, Seiji Zenitani, and Mitsuhiro Shishikura to deal with these versions. See les in the TeXShop distribution folder on my web site. See http://macwiki.sourceforge.jp/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi/TeXShop for further details. Ptex and platex are available at http://www.ascii.co.jp/pb/ptex/ Dvipdfmx is available at http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ A dvi previewer for Japanese is available at http://macptex.appi.keio.ac.jp/uchiyama/macptex.html

2.15

Syntax Colors

When syntax coloring turned on in the source window, comments will be colored red, commands will be colored blue, and the symbols $, {, and } will be colored dark green. A few users may wish to change these colors. Each color is determined by setting its red, green, and blue components; these components are real numbers between 0.0 and 1.0. Suppose we wish to change the color of $, {, and } to bright

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green, a color with components (r, g, b) = (0.0, 1.0, 0.0). To do so, open the Terminal window and type the following commands defaults write TeXShop markerred 0.0 defaults write TeXShop markergreen 1.0 defaults write TeXShop markerblue 0.0 The corresponding preference items for comments are commentred, commentgreen, commentblue; the items for commands are commandred, commandgreen, commandblue.

2.16

Shell Escape Protection

The default commands for pdftex and pdatex are now pdftex shell-escape and pdatex shell-escape. Theshell-escape portion of this text tells pdftex that it is legal to run other programs during typesetting. This is useful because if tex nds a graphic le in an unsupported format, it can automatically call another program to convert it to supported format. For example, the default Latex template automatically converts tif les to png and automatically converts eps les to pdf. This creates one diculty that may worry some users. The shell-escape ag allows pdftex to run ANY program. Thus a disgruntled student could send you a tex source le by email and when you typeset it you would discover that some of the les in your directory had been erased. I believe the danger is slight. A source le which did harm would have to be created deliberately, but sending a virus via tex source seems somewhat esoteric. Nevertheless, there are two ways that you can protect yourself. The rst and easiest is to remove the lettersshell-escape from the two spots they occur in Preferences and then convert all of your graphic les by hand. TeXShop now provides a dierent protection. A preference item under the Engine tab is labeled Shell Escape Warning. This item is o when TeXShop is delivered. If the item is on and shell-escape is active, then the rst time a le is typeset during a TexShop session, a warning dialog will appear allowing you to turn shell-escape o for that particular le. This dialog will not appear again during the session for that particular le. Thus you can typeset your own les using shell-escape and typeset les received in the mail without shell-escape.

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2.17

Colored Text in TeX

It has always been possible to color TeX output. To do so, add the line \usepackage{color} to the preamble, and insert a line like \color{blue} before typesetting begins. To color a limited section of text, use a command like {\color{red} This is very important!} To dene custom colors, use a command like \definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{0.2, 0.7, 0.8} Users may be familiar with a list of dened colors with names like "BrickRed"; these named colors were dened automatically for the dvips driver. To use them generally, use the syntax \usepackage[dvipsnames,usenames]{color} When output is colored, the output may be dicult to read on the preview screen. TeXShop has hidden preferences to set the background color of the preview window. This background color will not appear when the document is printed. To set the background to gray, issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground R 0.5 defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground G 0.5 defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground B 0.5 Change 0.5 to 1 to get back to white. If you nd yourself changing the background often, create an Applescript macro named "PDF background gray" with the Macro Editor using the following text: --AppleScript do shell script "defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground R 0.5" do shell script "defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground G 0.5" do shell script "defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground B 0.5" and create a similar macro named "PDF background white". 43

2.18

More About teTeX

teTeX is installed in the directory /usr/local/teTeX, which is not visible from the Finder. But the installer creates a symbolic link to this directory in /Library/teTeX. Therefore, go to /Library/teTeX to inspect les in teTeX. The documentation for teTeX is in /Library/teTeX/share/texmf/doc/tetex. In particular, examine the les TETEXDOC.pdf teTeX-FAQ teTeX comes with a program which looks up documentation and displays it in an appropriate viewer for Mac OS X. The program is called texdoc. For examples of its use, type one or two of the following commands in Apples Terminal program: texdoc latex texdoc kpathsea texdoc pdftex Additional documentation for Gerben Wierdas Mac OSX compilation is in /Library/teTeX/README.macosx It is possible to store additional style les, fonts, etc., in teTeX itself. But teTeX is owned by root and lives in /usr/local/teTeX, which isnt visible in the Finder. Moreover, it is a good idea to keep this directory pure so it can be upgraded easily when later versions are released. It is better to construct a mirror image of the teTeX directory structure inside your Library folder and store your personal les there. The les must be in appropriate directories. teTeX uses a directory structure invented by the TeX working group. Suppose you want to add a extra style le named new.sty to the style les used by LaTeX. Look inside teTeX and notice that a natural spot for this le would be /usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex/latex/misc/ So inside your home directorys Library folder, make a series of subdirectories as follows:

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Library > texmf > tex > latex > misc and store new.sty inside this misc directory.

2.19

Coexisting with Fink

Mac OS X can also run X-windows applications using free third party software. These applications run side by side with regular Mac OS X programs. Fink is a system which can download and compile these applications on Mac OS X. For details, see http://nk.sourceforge.net. In particular, Fink can install ghostview, xdvi, and xemacs. Fink installs software in /sw/bin. One of the packages Fink can install is teTeX. In the past this caused problems because users had duplicate copies of teTeX, congured one of the copies, and then found that the conguration did not aect the other copy. The latest version of Fink gives the option of using Gerben Wierdas teTeX with symbolic links in /sw/bin rather than installing a second copy. We recommend that you choose that option.

2.20

Coexisting with Other TeX Distributions

Problems may arise when multiple TeX distributions are available on a system, especially if they set environment variables. This may lead to hard to detect problems where other les are used than the ones you expect. However, provided you only have one TeX distribution, TeXShop should work ne with it. You will need to reset the TeXShop preferences under the Engine tab for path settings to the TeX binaries and the Distiller binary.

2.21

ConTeXt and MetaPost

ConTeXt is a general purpose TeX macro package by Hans Hagen; for some, it will be a serious alternative to LaTeX. For details, see http://www.pragma-ade.com/ MetaPost is a MetaFont like system by John Hobby which can output postscript and pdf les. The package can be used to draw elaborate postscript illustrations. For

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more details see http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html Interesting metapost examples can be found at many web sites; for instance see http://www.cs.ucc.ie/dongen/mpost/mpost.html Here is a sample MetaPost le: prologues:=2; color yellow; yellow = green + red; def star (expr size, n, pos, color)= for a = 0 step 360/n until 360: draw (origin -- (size/2,0)) rotatedaround (origin, a) shifted pos withcolor color; endfor ; enddef; beginfig(1); pickup pencircle scaled 2mm; star (2cm,5,origin,red); endfig; beginfig(2); pickup pencircle scaled 2mm; star (2cm,7,origin,yellow); endfig; beginfig(3); pickup pencircle scaled 2mm; star (2cm,11,origin,blue); endfig; beginfig(4); pickup pencircle scaled 2mm; star (2cm,13,origin,blue); endfig; end Suppose this le is named metademo.mp. When the le is processed by MetaPost, it will generate four dierent postscript les, named metademo.1, metademo.2, 46

metademo.3, metademo.4. These names are determined by the number parameter of beging(). If this number is nonnegative, like beging(0) or beging(10), the resulting le will be named metademo.0 or metademo.10. If this number is negative, like beging(-10), the resulting le will be named metademo.ps, overwriting any earlier metademo.ps le created by the source. In its default conguration, TeXShop assumes that one of the numbers is zero. TeXShop calls the script pstopdf, which runs MetaPost and thus creates all of these postscript les. The script then converts each postscript le to a pdf le. Finally, the script renames the zeroth pdf le to the name of the source with extension pdf, for instance metademo.pdf and displays this gure in the preview screen. When you are editing a MetaPost le, change the number of the gure being edited from positive to zero. TeXShop will then display this gure as it is being debugged. When you are satised with this gure, change its number back to positive and change the number of another gure from positive to zero. Once MetaPost les have been created, then can be displayed like any other illustration. Pdatex can be used if the illustrations are converted to pdf form, or TeX and Ghostscript can be used to include the postscript illustrations without conversion. For example, the four illustrations created by the above MetaPost le can be displayed by typesetting the following le with TeX and Ghostscript: \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} Here are some illustrations. \vspace{.2in} \includegraphics[width=1cm]{metademo.1} \hfill \includegraphics[width=1cm]{metademo.2} \hfill \includegraphics[width=1cm]{metademo.3} \hfill \includegraphics[width=1cm]{metademo.4} \hfill \end{document} It is also possible to embed MetaPost source code directly in a Latex document using the package mfpic. When this method is used, the MetaPost preference should be set to mpost rather than mptopdf in the Preferences dialog so MetaPost 47

will run directly when the MetaPost engine is selected. A document containing MetaPost source code is rst typeset with pdatex or latex, creating a mp source le with all of the documents illustrations. This le is then compiled with MetaPost. Finally, the document is typeset again with pdatex or latex to show the resulting illustrations. Below is an example created by Claus Gerhardt. Save this example as MetaPostTest. Notice the line \opengraphsle{MetaPostTest} in the source. Although the mfpic package permits any name for this graph le, its name must be the same as the document name to use the following procedure in TeXShop. Typeset the document once, switch to MetaPost and typeset again, switch back to LaTeX and typeset a nal time. In this process, either pdatex or latex + ghostscript can be used for the rst and third steps. % This example is a shortened version of an example provided by % Claus Gerhardt. \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage[metapost]{mfpic} \usepackage{amsmath} \opengraphsfile{MetaPostTest} \title{Brief Article} \author{The Author} \begin{document} \maketitle \begin{mfpic}[20]{-0.5}{11}{-0.5}{11} {\drawcolor{red}\function{0,10,0.05}{10-x}} {\drawcolor{blue}\function{0.99,10,0.05}{10/x}} {\drawcolor{green}\dashed\lines{(0.0,4),(10,4)}} \tlabelcolor{black} \drawcolor{black}\ymarks[4pt]{4} \headcolor{black} \drawcolor{2*black}\axes \tlabel{(4,6.5)}{$P_{\negthickspace c}$} \tlabel{(6,6.5)}{$P_{c}$} \tlabel(5,3.5){$A$} \tlabel{(-.6,3.9)}{$4$} 48

\end{mfpic} \begin{center} \begin{mfpic}[15]{-2.2}{5}{-2.2}{2.2} \store{a}{\circle{(0,0),2}} \store{b}{\circle{(2 *sqrt 2,0),2}} \store{c}{\arc[p]{(0,0),-45,45,2}} \gfill[0.7white]\lclosed\mfobj{a} \gfill[white]\lclosed\mfobj{b} \draw\mfobj{a}\draw\mfobj{b} \tlabel(-1,-0.3){ $A$ } \tlabel(3,-0.3){ $B$ } \end{mfpic} \end{center} \closegraphsfile \end{document} The following example, also provided by Claus Gerhardt, shows the power of MetaPost. % % % % This example was provided by Claus Gerhardt Most of the figures and the text are taken from G.s book "Analysis I" published by International Press, Boston, which will appear at the beginning of 2004.

\documentclass[11pt]{amsart} \usepackage[metapost]{mfpic} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsthm} \RequirePackage{amssymb} \RequirePackage[mathscr]{eucal} \opengraphsfile{MetaPostTest} \DeclareMathOperator*{\Au}{\forall} \DeclareMathOperator*{\Eu}{\exists} \newcommand{\msc}{\protect\mathscr} \newcommand\su{\subset} \newcommand{\pri}[1]{#1^\prime} 49

\newcommand{\tit}[1]{\textit{\ignorespaces #1\ignorespaces}} \newcommand{\Cc}{{\protect\mathbb C}} \newcommand\ra{\rightarrow} \newcommand{\abs}[1]{\lvert#1\rvert} \newcommand{\fv}[2]{#1\hspace{0pt}_{|_{#2}}} \newcommand{\set}[2]{\{\,#1\colon #2\,\}} \newcommand\inn[1]{{\overset{\msp[9]\circ}{#1}}} \newcommand{\msp}[1][1]{\mspace{#1mu}} \newcommand{\Si}{\varSigma} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem*{definition}{\bf Definition} \theoremstyle{theorem} \newtheorem*{theorem}{Theorem} \title{An Example of Using MetaPost with mfpic} %\author{The Author} \begin{document} \maketitle \thispagestyle{empty} \bigskip \begin{mfpic}[20]{-0.5}{11}{-0.5}{11} {\drawcolor{red}\function{0,10,0.05}{10-x}} {\drawcolor{blue}\function{0.99,10,0.05}{10/x}} {\drawcolor{green}\dashed\lines{(0.0,4),(10,4)}} \tlabelcolor{black} \drawcolor{black}\ymarks[4pt]{4} \headcolor{black} \drawcolor{2*black}\axes \tlabel{(4,6.5)}{$P_{\negthickspace c}$} \tlabel(5,3.5){$A$} \tlabel{(-.6,3.9)}{$4$} \end{mfpic} \bigskip \begin{definition} 50

Let $E,\pri E$ be metric spaces and $f:E\rightarrow \pri E$ a map. $f$ is called \tit{continuous} at $x_0\in E$ if \begin{equation}\notag \Au_{\pri U\in \msc U(f(x_0))}\; \Eu_{U\in \msc U(x_0)}\quad f(U)\su \pri U. \end{equation} $f$ is called continuous in $E$ if $f$ is continuous at every point of $E$. \end{definition} \bigskip \begin{center} \begin{mfpic}[15]{-4.2}{16}{-4.2}{4.2} \store{R}{\rect{(-4,-4),(4,4)}} \store{U}{\cyclic[.75]{(-2,-2),(0,-1.5),(2,-2.4),(1.8,2),(0.5,1.8), (-2.3,1.7)}} \store{FU}{\shiftpath{(12,0)}\cyclic[.75]{(-1.5,-1.5),(0,-1.2),(2,-1.7), (1.8,2),(0,1.6),(-2,1)}} \store{UU}{\shiftpath{(12,0)}\cyclic[.75]{(-2.8,-3),(0,-2),(3,-2.4), (2.8,2.8),(0.5,2.4),(-2.9,1.7)}} \gfill[0.6white]\mfobj{U} \gfill[0.8white]\mfobj{UU} \gfill[0.6white]\mfobj{FU} \draw\mfobj{U} \draw\mfobj{UU} \draw\mfobj{R} \draw\mfobj{FU} \arrow\curve[1]{(3,2),(6,3),(9,2)} \point{(0,0),(12,0)} \shiftpath{(12,0)}\mfobj{R} \tlabel[tc](0,3.5){$E$} \tlabel[tc](12,3.5){$E$} \tlabel[tl](-2,0){$U$} \tlabel[tl](10.1,1){$f(U)$} \tlabel[tl](9,-1){$U$} \tlabel[tl](0.1,0){ $x_0$ } \tlabel[tl](12.1,0){ $f(x_0)$ } \tlabel[tc](6.1,3.8){$f$} \end{mfpic} \end{center} 51

\noindent \parbox[c]{7.51cm} {The picture on the right shows the intersection of two sets $A$ and $B$. Notice that this intersection consists of all points which belong to both sets.} \hfill \begin{minipage}{40mm} \begin{mfpic}[15]{-2.2}{5}{-2.2}{2.2} \store{a}{\circle{(0,0),2}} \store{b}{\circle{(2 *sqrt 2,0),2}} \store{c}{\arc[p]{(0,0),-45,45,2}} \store{de}{ \arc[p]{(2 *sqrt 2,0),135,225,2}} \store{dd}{\lclosed\connect\mfobj{de}\mfobj{c}\endconnect} \gfill[0.7white]\mfobj{dd} \draw\mfobj{a}\draw\mfobj{b} \tlabel(-1,-0.3){ $A$ } \tlabel(3,-0.3){ $B$ } \end{mfpic} \end{minipage} \bigskip \begin{definition}[Complex logarithm\index{complex logarithm}] The \tit{complex logarithm}, $\log: \Cc^* \ra S_l$, is defined by \begin{equation}\notag \log z=\log\abs z+i\arg_lz. \end{equation} It is the inverse of $\fv\exp{S_l}$, the so-called \tit{ main branch} of the exponential function. \end{definition} The region of discontinuity is now the axis $\set{z\in\Cc^*}{\arg z=\pi}$. Thus, the exponential function is not only bijective in the open strip $\inn S_l$, but also a differentiable homeomorphism onto 52

$\Si=\set{z\in\Cc^*}{\arg z\neq \pi}$ with $\pri\exp z=\exp z\neq 0$, and therefore, in view of the previous theorem, we may conclude \begin{theorem} The complex logarithm is infinitely often differentiable in $\Si$ and $\pri\log z=\frac{1}{z}$. \end{theorem} \begin{mfpic}[15]{0}{20}{-2.5}{3} \gfill[0.6white]\rect{(12,-2),(20,2)} \gfill[0.6white]\circle{(4,0),2} \arrow[l 5pt]\lines{(4,0),(8,0)} \arrow[l 5pt]\lines{(4,-2.5),(4,3)} \arrow[l 5pt]\lines{(12,0),(20,0)} \gfill[white]\circle{(4,0),0.05} \arrow\curve[1]{(7,2.5),(10,3.5),(13,2.5)} \penwd{1pt} \draw[white]\lines{(0,0),(4,0)} \penwd{0.5pt} \arrow[l 5pt]\lines{(16,-2.5),(16,3)} \tlabel[cr](17.2,2.3){$\pi$} \tlabel[cr](17.2,-2.3){$-\pi$} \tlabel[cc](10,4){ log} \tlabel[cc](2,2.5){ $\Si$} \end{mfpic}% \closegraphsfile \end{document}

2.22

Plist Files

Mac OS X makes extensive use of xml les; xml is a structured language closely related to html. TeXShop uses ve xml les for conguration: completion.plist, autocompletion.plist, 53

KeyEquivalents.plist, Macros Latex.plist, and Macros Context.plist. These les reside inside your personal library in a folder called /Library/TeXShop created when TeXShop rst runs. If you have modied the default TeXShop conguration and want to move TeXShop to another machine preserving your modications, copy /Library/TeXShop to the new machine. The les are used to congure the Latex Panel, Auto Completion, the Keyboard Menu Shortcuts, and the Macro menu. Details are given elsewhere in this document. Files of type plist are ordinary text les, so they can be opened and edited with TeXShop, TextEdit, or other text editors. Editing the le is straightforward, but somewhat tedious. If a plist le contains unicode characters, it needs to be edited and saved in UTF-8 format. Before opening such a le in TeXShop, change the TeXShop encoding preference to UTF-8. Then edit and save the le. Then change the encoding preference back to the original value. The default value is MacOSRoman if you did not reset it earlier. If you installed the Developer distribution of Mac OS X and you double click a .plist le, it will open in a program named Property List Editor. This program is useful for editing plist les, but it is buggy and does not display all le information. In particular, comments are missing. It is better to use TeXShop.

2.23

Redening Keyboard Menu Shortcuts

It is possible to redene all keyboard menu shortcuts used by TeXShop. To do so, open the le /Library/TeXShop/Menus/KeyEquivalents.plist with TeXShop, read the comments at the top of the le, and edit the le to redene selected menu shortcuts. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters.

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3
3.1

Macros Help
Preliminaries

TeXShop macros and the Macro Editor are by Mitsuhiro Shishikura. Default Latex macros were created by Mitsuhiro Shishikura and Hirokazu Ogawa. Default Context macros were created by Hans Hagen. The available Macros depend on the typesetting engine chosen. If this engine is LaTeX, then a series of macros suitable for LaTeX will be displayed. If the engine is ConTeXT, then macros for ConTeXt will be displayed. When TeXShop is rst installed, it has macros for only these two engines; the LaTeX macros will be displayed for all engines except ConTeXt. Macros come in two kinds. Some insert strings into the TeX source le; these macros are similar to buttons in the Latex panel. Other macros run Applescript scripts. Macros are stored in ~/Library/TeXShop/Macros/Macros Latex.plist and ~/Library/TeXShop/Macros/Macros Context.plist If these les are missing when TeXShop runs, default macro les are created there. These les are ordinary text les, so it can be opened and inspected with TeXShop. This is usually not necessary because the les are best manipulated with the Macro editor. The Macro editor modies macros stored in Macros Latex.plist and Macros Context.plist when one of these typesetting engines is chosen. But if another typesetting engine like TeX is chosen, then the Macro editor will replace the default Latex macro set with a set dened by the user for TeX, storing the results in Macros Tex.plist and leaving Macros Latex.plist unchanged. When you dene useful Macros and wish to give them to others, simply open the Macro Editor and choose Save selection to le... in the Macro menu. This will create a le in any location you wish. To distribute your macros, send this le. To add macros created by others to your list of macros, open the Macro Editor and choose Add macros from le.... Then use the Macro Editor to arrange the macros

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as you desire.

3.2

Understanding Default Macros

The best way to understand default macros is to examine their denition with the Macro Editor. For example, consider the macro titled Begin/End. Suppose you wish to use an environment like the theorem environment. Type the word theorem and select it. Then choose the Begin/Endmacro. The wordheorem will be replaced with the text \begin{theorem} \end{theorem} with the cursor placed on the line between this pair. Now examine the begin/end macro code: \begin{#SEL#} #INS# \end{#SEL#} Text in the macro will be inserted into the source le. Each occurrence of the string #SEL# will be replaced by the text selected when the macro was invoked. If no text was selected, #SEL# will be replaced with an empty string. The cursor will be placed at the end of the inserted text unless the text contains the string #INS#, in which case the cursor will be placed at that location. Using this knowledge, it is easy to understand and modify the default macros.

3.3

Rearranging the Macro Menu

Open the Macro Editor and examine the macro menu on the left. It is shown in an outline view similar to the view of the le system obtained by choosing the middle button of the View tab in the Finder. To rearrange items, drag them from one spot to another. Notice that items can be placed at dierent levels by sliding left and right. To rename an item, select it in the outline view and type a new name in the eld at the top right. 56

3.4

Dening New Macros

New items, new submenus, and new separators can be created by the buttoms at the bottom left. A little practice illustrates the basic behavior of the editor. Submenus can be created to any level. Any particular item can be assigned a keyboard equivalent using the buttons on the right side of the menu. The result will immediately appear in the outline view. However, these assignments cannot duplicate key combinations already used by TeXShop menus. If they do, the new keyboard shortcut will be ignored.

3.5

AppleScript Macros

If a macro begins with the string --AppleScript or --AppleScript direct then the resulting applescript code will run when the Macro is chosen. For example, consider the macro titled View pdf with Acrobat. Choosing this macro when the source le is active (and the pdf le has been created) will start Adobe Acrobat Reader and open the output pdf le in that program. The corresponding applescript code reads --AppleScript direct tell application "Acrobat Reader 6.0" activate open POSIX file #PDFPATH# end tell Commands beginning with AppleScript direct are run directly by TeXShop. During the time this applescript is running, TeXShops event loop is not active. Consequently, the script cannot call TeXShop to perform an action which might require user input. For example, it cannot ask TeXShop to run LaTeX, because if the La-

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TeX le has an error, the console will appear and wait for user input, but such input would not be recognized. Commands beginning with AppleScript are run by a small auxiliary program in the TeXShop application bundle. Such commands can ask TeXShop to perform actions which might require user input, because in that case the auxiliary program will temporarily halt but TeXShop will remain active. Thus the syntax AppleScript direct is appropriate for routine macros, but AppleScript may be needed for fancy ones.

3.6

Default AppleScript Macros

TeXShop comes with an extended collection of Applescripts by Will Robertson, Claus Gerhardt and others. Some of these scripts automate workow when a series of typesetting commands must be issued in sequence. By copying and modifying the scripts, users can construct scripts appropriate for their own workow. In this section, we will describe some of these scripts. Column Macros, Insert Reference, Open Quickly: These macros are by Will Robertson. The rst provides a very convenient way to construct an arbitrary matrix or table. The second searches through the current le for \label{...} commands and then pops up a list from which you may insert a reference label, wrapped in an (optional) customizable LaTeX command. The nal macro allows you to rapidly open any le in the directory of the current source le. Convert to Mac, Convert to Unix, Convert to Windows: In the early days, teletype terminals were used for communication. The ascii character set still has remnants from those days; for instance 0x07 rings the teletype bell. The character 0x0a was a line feed which turned the carriage to the next line and the character 0x0d was a carriage return which pulled the carriage back to the start of the line. To get a line feed, one used the sequence 0x0d 0x0a. After the age of teletypes ended, computer manufacturers selected dierent subsets of these characters to indicate a line feed. In the Unix world, 0x0a was used, in the Windows world 0x0d 0x0a was used, and in the old Macintosh Classic world 0x0d was used. Apples guidelines for Mac OS X state that programs should be able to 58

automatically open les using any of these conventions. Most programs including TextEdit, TeXShop, etc., follow these guidelines. In TeXShop, new les are created using Unix conventions, but if you load a le created with Mac OS Classic and then add extra lines, old portions of the document will be saved with the Classic convention and new sections will have the Unix convention. These line feeds cause no trouble until you send a le to a friend using a dierent operating system. Many editors now understand multiple line feed conventions, so often youll have no problems. But if you do, use the scripts above. Suppose the source le for a document is named MyFile.tex. Then Convert to Mac will create a new le named MyFile Mac.tex with the same source code and Macintosh line feed conventions. Convert to Unix and Convert to Windows work the same way. All of these scripts call a binary program by Craig Stuart Sapp named ip in /Library/TeXShop/bin. See http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/craig/utility/ip/ for details. Other Scripts-Bibliography: Processing a le with a bibliography requires multiple typesetting operations. First Latex is run to create an .aux le. Then Bibtex is run and uses this le to create .bbl and .blg les. Latex is run again to add the bibliography to the document. Latex is run a nal time to update the references to the bibliography in the text. The Bibliography command does all of these things one by one. First it saves the le. Then it runs latex->bibtex->latex->latex Finally it updates the preview display. htlatexc, htlatexr: Tex4ht is a TeX program which converts a latex document into a web page. The source can be a standard Latex le and can include eps illustrations. The end result is an html page and a large number of gif les. The script command htlatexc saves the source documents, runs htlatex, and opens the resulting html le in Safari. Thus it behaves like a new TeXShop typesetting command, except that it was constructed by a user without waiting for new TeXShop code! When using these scripts, it is not necessary to use the package tex4ht since this package will automatically be loaded. The script htlatexc calls htlatex without additional options. The script htlatexr calls it with the option -r, which tells the 59

program to recreate any .gifs which already exist. pdfselectc: This script runs the shell script pdfselect to create pdf les containing only certain selected pages of a document. When it is run, a dialog appears asking for the number of pdf les to be created. Suppose we answer 3. Next a dialog appears asking for the range for the rst document. Suppose we answer 5:8. A dialog appears asking for the range of the second document. Suppose we answer 10. A dialog asks for the range of the third document. Suppose we answer 20:30. We will then obtain three documents, one containing pages 5 - 8 of the original, one containing page 10, and one containing pages 20 - 30. mpostc, mpostcpl, latex-makeindex-mpost: The script mpostc runs mpost and then pdatex; the script mpostcpl runs pdatex, and then mpost, and then pdatex again. See the TeXShop help section on Context and Metapost for an example of the use of these three commands in sequence. The script latex-makeindex-mpost saves the source and runs pdatex, makeindex, mpost, and pdatex again, opening relevant log les in the process.

3.7

Dening AppleScript Macros

AppleScript syntax is a subject all its own. To learn more about it, read one of several books on the subject. If you installed the developer tools which come with Mac OS X, there is an online book about AppleScript in the Developer folder. When TeXShop interpretes an applescript macro, it rst replaces any string #FILEPATH#, #PDFPATH#, #DVIPATH#, #PSPATH#, #LOGPATH#, #AUXPATH# with the complete path name of the source tex le, pdf le, dvi le, ps le, log le, or aux le respectively. Similarly, the strings #INDPATH#, #BBLPATH#, #HTMLPATH# are replaced with the complete path name of the ind le, bbl le, or html le. In addition, any string #NAMEPATH#

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is replaced with the complete path name of the source tex le minus its extension, and any string #DOCUMENTNAME# is replaced with the display name of the current document. This last replacement is somewhat subtle; it gives the title of the document as shown at the top of the source window. If a document was saved with the "hide extension" box checked, #DOCUMENTNAME# will contain only the document name. But if the document was saved without checking "hide extension", #DOCUMENTNAME# will contain the document name and extension. This information can be used to locate the calling document for Applescript code as follows: tell document #DOCUMENTNAME# of application "TeXShop" latex end tell There are at least two ways to write Applescript commands. Applescript can run shell commands, so after preliminary processing with an applescript, a shell command can be called to do the actual work. TeXShop comes with several examples of this technique; some of these examples will be explained in a later help section. Applescript commands can also call built-in TeXShop commands and thus work directly. A later section will give examples of this technique. TeXShop understands the following commands: typeset latex tex context bibtex makeindex metapost typesetinteractive latexinteractive texinteractive contextinteractive bibtexinteractive makeindexinteractive metapostinteractive 61

taskdone refreshpdf refreshtext goto line The rst seven commands call TeXShop typesetting routines. These commands typeset continuously without stopping at errors. The next seven commands also call TeXShop typesetting commands, but this time if there is an error, the user is allowed to interact with the console. When a typesetting command is called, control returns to the applescript immediately without waiting until the operation is complete. The taskdone call returns NO if typesetting is still running, and YES when it is done. The calls refreshpdf and refreshtext cause pdf and text documents to display the latest version of their les on the screen. The goto line command tells the editor to select a given line; for example: tell document #DOCUMENTNAME# of application "TeXShop" goto line 37 end tell

3.8

Creating Dialogs

AppleScript can create dialogs and act on user input. For example, insert the following script and test its behavior. -------AppleScript Use a dialog to enter user defined information into an applescript. There are two feedbacks possible text and choice of buttons The returned information can be used to define corresponding variables. The number of buttons may not exceed three. In the three examples below it is shown how to use text return, button return, and both.

activate display dialog "Test dialog: type something below" default answer "Hello World!" buttons {"A", "B", "B"} default button "B" set theText to (the text returned of the result) 62

display dialog "Test dialog: type something below" default answer "Hello World!" buttons {"A", "B", "B"} default button "B" set theButton to (the button returned of the result) display dialog "Test dialog: type something below" default answer "Hello World!" buttons {"A", "B", "B"} default button "B" set {theText, theButton} to {the text returned of the result, the button returned of the result} One command in this example, activate, requires comment. When TeXShop is asked to run an AppleScript, it calls a separate program to run the script. That program, Scriptrunner, is in the TeXShop bundle. Any dialogs created by the script will be displayed by Scriptrunner rather than by TeXShop. The activate command brings Scriptrunner to the front so dialogs will appear on top of other windows.

3.9

Writing Scripts with TeXShop Typesetting Commands

If a TeX project contains a bibliography, a sequence of typesetting commands must be run to update the bibliography. Latex is run rst to create an .aux le. Bibtex is run to create .bbl and .blg les from this .aux le. Latex is run again to add the bibliography to the document. Latex is run a nal time to update the references to the bibliography in the document. Your projects may contain similar sequences of typesetting commands. It is possible to use applescript to automate these sequences. To see how to do that well examine the OtherScripts-Bibliography command which comes with TeXShop. Here is the body of that command --Applescript set fileName to #FILEPATH# if fileName is equal to "" activate display dialog "Please save the file first" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK" 63

return end if set frontName to #DOCUMENTNAME# tell application "TeXShop" save document frontName end tell tell document frontName of application "TeXShop" latexinteractive repeat delay 2 if taskdone exit repeat end if end repeat bibtex repeat delay 2 if taskdone exit repeat end if end repeat latex repeat delay 2 if taskdone 64

exit repeat end if end repeat latex end tell The rst line of this command indicates that this is an AppleScript macro. The next lines check #FILEPATH#, a parameter which gives the full path to the tex source. This parameter is an empty string when a new document has been created and not yet saved. In that case the user is asked to save the document and the script ends. The next line tells TeXShop to save the document. Notice that we use #DOCUMENTNAME# to refer to the document in question. The remaining commands run latexinteractive, bibtex, latex, and latex. Recall that control returns to applescript immediately after calling a typesetting command before the typesetting job is over. The repeat loop tells the script to check whether the job is complete before running another typesetting task. The line "delay 2" causes applescript to pause rather than continually asking if the task is done and thereby slowing the entire computer down.

3.10

Writing Scripts with Shell Commands

We will use the AppleScript pdatexc by Claus Gerhardt to illustrate the principles involved in calling a Unix shell script from an Applescript. This particular shell script isnt very interesting; it adds the location of the teTeX binary les to the $PATH variable and calls pdatex to typeset. The shell script itself is independent of TeXShop and can be run from the Terminal by typing pdatexc myle.tex provided the directory holding pdatexc is in the search path for binaries. Here is that shell script:

65

#!/bin/tcsh # pdflatexc # Claus Gerhardt # # Usage # pdflatexc filename.tex set path= ($path /usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current /usr/local/bi pdflatex --shell-escape "$1" Of course you are likely to write a more complicated script which performs several operations in sequence. That is when these techniques become useful. The AppleScript used to call this shell script is more interesting. Here it is: --Applescript -- Apply only to an already saved file. -- Claus Gerhardt, Nov. 2003 set scriptPath to (do shell script "dirname " & "~/Library/TeXShop/Scripts/ex") set scriptPath to scriptPath & "/setname.scpt" set scriptName to POSIX file scriptPath as alias set scriptLiB to (load script scriptName) tell scriptLib set frontName to setname(#NAMEPATH#,#TEXPATH#) end tell set set set set set set fileName to #TEXPATH# n to (number of characters of contents of fileName) fileNamequoted to quoted form of fileName baseName to do shell script "basename " & fileNamequoted m to (number of characters of contents of baseName) dirName to quoted form of (characters 1 thru (n - m - 1) of fileName as string)

set shellScript to "cd " & dirName & ";" set shellScript to shellScript & "~/Library/TeXShop/bin/pdflatexc " & baseName do shell script shellScript 66

tell document frontName refreshpdf end tell Ignoring the introductory comments, the rst seven lines of this script are a magic recipe by Claus Gerhardt to save the source le and nd the name of the document in question, setting frontName to this name. This recipe uses a compiled script named setpath.scpt in /Library/TeXShop/Scripts to do all the hard work. Careful reading shows that these lines nd the path /Library/TeXShop/Scripts/setname.scpt and call this script with parameters #NAMEPATH# and #TEXPATH#. In many AppleScripts all of this could be accomplished in an easier way using the commands: set frontName to #DOCUMENTNAME# tell document frontName of application "TeXShop" save end tell However, Gerhardts script has two advantages. First, his script can be called when the front document is a log le, say /Users/koch/Examples/myle.log, that is, in a case when the front document is not the document which should receive later commands. Second, if the le has never been saved, Gerhardts script returns an error when trying to save, while the save command would cause TeXShop to hang after it put up a save dialog (see the help section Writing Scripts with TeXShop Typesetting Commands for details.) The next six lines of the script dene the variables dirName and baseName. If the source le is/Users/koch/This directory/Stu/myle.tex, dirName is /Users/koch/This directory/Stuff including the single and double quotation marks, and baseName is myle.tex. A lot of this work is required so spaces can occur in the names of folders. The next three lines call the shell script. The result is the same as typing cd dirName; /Library/TeXShop/bin/pdatexc baseName in a Terminal, although, to be absolutely precise, dirName would have to be replaced by its unquoted form, i.e., if we use the example above, by /Users/koch/This directory/Stu including 67

the single quotes because of the space in the name of one directory. Shell commands in AppleScript are issued in the form do shell script "command input" If one wants to combine several shell scripts, it is better to write the command in an equivalent form do shell script "cmd " & "input" Notice the space behind cmd and the quotes. The ampersand is a binary concatenation operator, i.e., "cmd " & "input" = "cmd input" When the shell is called via an applescript, the default working directory is the root directory. The command do shell script "cd " & dirName

changes the directory to the directory specied in dirName; dirName is already quoted so that additional quotes are not needed. If one would like to keep the working directory and issue further commands, then these commands may not be stated in the form do shell script, since then a new shell would be invoked. In the terminal one would separate consecutive commands by semicolons, in AppleScript one does it by concatenating;, i.e., do shell script "cmd(1) " & "input(1)" & ";" & "cmd(2) " & "input(2)" This is done in the above example: cmd(1) = cd, input(1) = dirName, cmd(2) = /Library/TeX/bin/pdatexc - calling the shell script -, and input(2) = baseName. The lines set shellScript to "cd " & dirName & ";" set shellScript to shellScript & "~/Library/TeX/bin/pdflatexc " & baseName are simply a convenient way to concatenate this sequence of commands and input into one variable.

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The nal three lines update the Preview window. To be sure, several of these lines are complicated, but these lines can be copied without change into new scripts.

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4
4.1

How do I congure TeXShop?

Please read only the rst two sections below if you are a new user installing TeXShop for the rst time. If you are upgrading from a previous version, read these two and the next four sections. If you are familiar with TeXShop and want to customize it, read the remaining sections. When TeXShop rst runs, it places default preference items, macros, templates, and typesetting engines in the users library folder. If the program is later updated, these preference items, macros, etc. are not modied because the user may have edited them. In a few cases, important changes were made in the default items; these changes are listed here so users of previous versions can modify preferences and templates appropriately. TeXShop has a few hidden preferences for power users. Such users can also modify program behavior by installing various plist les. Details are provided below. New versions of TeXShop sometimes require additional menu items and other interface components. These new items appear in English even when the rest of the interface has been localized for another language. If users write me with appropriate translations, I will immediately make the changes in the copy of TeXShop on my web site. Write koch@math.uoregon.edu.

4.2

Did You Install Correctly?

Starting with version 1.34, TeXShop has a feature called pdfsync: clicking on a spot in the preview window activates the corresponding source window with the appropriate source line selected. This feature requires that les named pdfsync.sty, pdfsync.tex, and pdfsync4context.tex be installed in /Library/texmf/tex/latex, /Library/texmf/tex/plain, and /Library/texmf/tex/context, respectively. If you install with the MacTeX install package, these les are already installed, but in /usr/local/tetex/share/texmf.local. Otherwise remove the old pdfsync.sty from /Library/texmf/tex/latex if it exists. Then nd these new les in the TeXShop distribution and drag them to the appropriate folders. Here /Library is the Library folder in your home directory. You may have to create some or all of the folders texmf, tex, latex, plain, context. 70

TeXShop 1.35 comes with additional applescripts by Claus Gerhardt and Will Robertson. If you upgrade from a previous version, you will not automatically see those new scripts. If you never edited the default macro set, you can obtain the new macros by going to the folder /Library/TeXShop and removing the entire Macros folder inside. The next time TeXShop starts, it will recreate this folder with the latest macros. It is not enough to remove the contents of the Macros folder; the entire folder must be removed. If you have edited the default macros and want to add the new macro set, remove the Macros folder temporarily and let TeXShop create a new macro set. Then add your old macros using the Macro Editor. TeXShop 1.35 comes with new templates by Will Robertson. These templates will not automatically be installed. You can obtain them by going to the folder /Library/TeXShop and moving the entire Templates folder inside to the Desktop. The next time TeXShop starts, it will recreate this folder with the latest Templates. You can then move old Templates you have edited from the folder on the desktop to the newly created folder /Library/TeXShop/Templates.

4.3

Recommended Preference Changes

Users should consider changing a small number of default preferences provided by TeXShop. Some of these changes depend on characteristics of individual displays and cannot be set until you use the program. By default, TeXShop opens source and preview windows in the spot they last appeared. This only makes sense when you deal with one document at a time. It is usually better to open source and preview windows in a predetermined optimal position. To make that happen, typeset a simple document. Then arrange the position and size of the source and preview windows. Side by side is best if your screen is large enough. Open TeXShop preferences. In the Document tab, select All Windows Start At Fixed Position and click Set With Current Position. Make the same change in the Preview tab. This is a good time to set the magnication in the preview window. Use the Scale button at the top of this window to select the optimal magnication. Under the Preview tab of Preferences, type the appropriate magnication and push the Set button and then the OK button. However this preference is only applicable if the 71

After Window Resize preference in the right column is set to Fixed Magnication. If it is set to Actual Size or Fit to Window, then it doesnt make sense to apply a xed magnication to the display. Finally, you may wish to deal with a security issue. By default, TeXShop is congured to permit pdftex and pdatex to call other programs during typesetting. When pdftex nds a graphic illustration in a format it cannot understand, it will automatically call a conversion program to convert the graphic to a useful format. For example, eps les will be converted to pdf and tif les will be converted to png. However, the conguration allows pdftex to call ANY program. Conceivable, a user could mail you a tex source le which does unpleasant things to your system during typesetting. If this is a concern, go to the Engine tab in Preferences and check the box labeled Shell Escape Warning. When this button is checked, a dialog will appear the rst time a le is typeset during a TeXShop session, allowing you to turn o this feature for that le so pdftex cannot call other programs during typesetting. Thus you can use automatic conversion for your own les, but play it safe with source les from others.

4.4

Converting Graphic Formats Automatically

Support for ti les has been removed from the latest versions of pdftex and pdatex. However, it is possible to congure TeXShop so it will automatically convert graphics in ti format to png format during typesetting. As a bonus, the program will convert graphics in eps format to pdf format during typesetting. In both cases the original graphic le is preserved and a new le with appropriate format is created. Ti les must have extension .tif rather than .ti. New installations of TeXShop are already congured appropriately. Users who are upgrading should make the changes listed in the next two sections. They should also install the following packages, if not already present: Ghostscript 8 Freetype 2 wmf GNU gettext libraries PNG Library wmf ImageMagick 72

4.5

Default Preference Items

TeXShop 1.35 and above comes with a new Find panel, which requires system 1.3 or later. Other users will still see the old panel. It is possible to revert to the old panel using TeXShop preferences, but most users will nd that the new panel is more powerful; it supports regular expressions. At rst this panel may not behave as you expect, but the panel remembers the various choices it presents, and you should be able to congure it to behave as you expect. The remaining comments are for users with versions before 1.33, who may not have made these changes earlier. In the TeXShop preference panel with the Engine tab, the following changes should be made: The pdftex preference should be pdftex --shell-escape The pdatex preference should be pdflatex --shell-escape The altpdftex or simpdftex preference should be simpdftex tex --maxpfb The altpdatex or simpdftex preference should be simpdftex latex --maxpfb Japanese users of TeXShop 1.26 or earlier should replace the le ~/Library/TeXShop/LatexPanel/completion.plist with the English version, because a modication for Japanese(ShiftJIS ¥) is no longer necessary. To make this happen, remove the completion.plist le from the folder; a new le will be created the next time TeXShop starts.

4.6

Default Latex Template

The le LatexTemplate.tex in /Library/TeXShop/Templates should contain the following lines if they are not already present:

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\usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} \DeclareGraphicsRule{.tif}{png}{.png}{convert #1 basename #1.tif.png}

4.7

Hidden Preference Items

TeXShop adds lines which begin with the words \section, \subsection, \subsubsection, or \chapter to the Tag menu. To turn this o, run Terminal and type the following command. Change the word NO to YES to turn the behavior back on. defaults write TeXShop TagSections NO ConTeXt users may want additional words to be recognized and added to the Tag menu. The following preferences adds the words \subsubsubsection, \subsubsubsubsection, \part, \title, \subject, \subsubject, \subsubsubject, \subsubsubsubject, and \subsub-subsubsubject. defaults write TeXShop ConTeXtTags YES When syntax coloring is on, comments are colored red, commands are colored blue, and the symbols $, {, and } are colored dark green. These colors can be changed. A color is determined by the red, green, and blue components of the color; each is a number between 0.00 and 1.00. To change the color of $, {, and } to bright green, issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop markerred 0.0 defaults write TeXShop markergreen 1.0 defaults write TeXShop markerblue 0.0 To change the comment color, replace marker with comment to change the command color, replace marker with command. The background color of the source window can be changed. For example, to set this background to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop background R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop background G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop background B 0.77 74

The text color of the source window can be changed. This change requires that syntax coloring be on. For example, to set this foreground color for text to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop foreground R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop foreground G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop foreground B 0.77 The color of the insertion point in the source window can be changed. For example, to set this insertion point color to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal: defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint B 0.77 By using the previous three sets of commands in combination, the source window can be made to display white text on a black background or other coloring schemes as desired. The background color of the preview window can also be changed. For example, to set this background to (r, g, b) = (.42, .39, .77), issue the following commands in Terminal. Change these numbers to 1 to convert back to a white background. It may be easier to view colored TeX documents with a gray background. The background color will not aect printing. defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground R 0.42 defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground G 0.39 defaults write TeXShop Pdfbackground B 0.77 The transparency of the source, preview, and console windows can be changed. For example, defaults write TeXShop ConsoleWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop SourceWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop PreviewWindowAlpha 0.75 Here an alpha value of 0.00 is completely transparent and an alpha value of 1.00 is completely opaque. Using these commands cautiously. 75

TeXShop can be congured to save a backup le whenever it saves or typesets a source le. To turn this on, run Terminal and type the following command. Change YES to NO to turn it o. defaults write TeXShop KeepBackup YES Occasionally during typesetting, the .aux les, .log les, and other les created automatically by TeX become corrupted and must be removed. TeXShop has a "Trash AUX Files" menu item and associated button in the console window. When either item is selected, TeXShop moves to the trash all les in the folder containing the source le with the same name as the source name, and extensions .aux, .bbl, .blg, .brf, .glo, .idx, .ilg, .ind, .ioa, .log, .log, .lot, .mtc, .mlf, .out, .pdfsync, and .toc. Other extensions can be added to this list, one by one. For instance, to add .dvi les to this list: defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array-add "dvi" To remove all added extensions and return to the original list: defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array Sometimes a more extensive cleanup is desirable. If the option key is held down while choosing Trash AUX Files, TeXShop uses the %&SourceDoc and Set Project Root mechanisms to nd the root le. It then moves all les in the folder of this le and any subfolders of this folder to the trash if they have appropriate extensions, regardless of the names of the les. This behavior can be made the default behavior for Trash AUX Files without using the option key; issue the command defaults write TeXShop AggressiveTrashAUX YES TeXShop can be congured to automatically refresh pdf views when the pdf le changes. To do this, once a second it examines the date and time when the pdf was last written to see if this information has changed. The time interval between these checks can be modied. To do this, run Terminal and type the following command. Change 1.00 to the number of seconds desired. defaults write TeXShop RefreshTime 1.00 Automatic refresh for pdf views is useful if TeXShop is congured to use an external editor, or if a tex le is opened by Open For Preview.... In these cases, a .tex le is opened, but TeXShop only shows the associated pdf le. TeXShop also allows pdf les to be opened directly; this is useful for a brief glance at illustrations before embedding them in a TeX document. If you want pdf les opened for an external 76

editor to be refreshed automatically, but pdf les opened for a brief glance to be left alone, run Terminal and type the following command. The default value of this preference is YES. defaults write TeXShop PdfFileRefresh NO When TeXShop opens a .tex le for an external editor, it checks the dates of the tex and pdf les to make sure that the pdf output is up to date. If this output is not up to date or does not exist at all, TeXShop typesets the .tex le again. To turn o this behavior, run Terminal and type the following command. defaults write TeXShop ExternalEditorTypesetAtStart NO There is a hidden preference to set the default size of the matrix in the Matrix Panel: defaults write TeXShop matrixsize 12 There is a new checkbox tool for the Preview window named ShowSync. It is not part of the default toolkit for this window. When this item is checked, synchronization spots are show in the Preview document. The item is not shown when a preview window rst appears, but this changed be changed via: defaults write TeXShop ShowSyncMarks YES When the preview window is updated after typesetting, it comes to the front. This behavior causes trouble for uses with an X11 editor running in Apples X11 Window Manager. For these users, the behavior can be turned o via: defaults write TeXShop BringPdfFrontOnAutomaticUpdate NO TeXShop used to support a dierent set of source commands to determine the typesetting engine, le encoding, and root le; examples are %&latex, %&encoding= UTF-8 Unicode, %SourceDoc ../Main.tex. This syntax was a poor choice on my part and has been changed. If you have a lot of old documents, you can temporarily turn this choice back on using the command below. If you do so, the new commands will be recognized, but the old commands will also work. This preference change should only be made in an emergency. defaults write TeXShop UseOldHeadingCommands YES The left and right arrow keys scroll left and right if the preview page is narrower than the total page width, but otherwise they page up and down. A hidden preference changes this behavior so the left and right arrow keys always page. 77

defaults write TeXShop LeftRightArrowsAlwaysPage YES The console text reporting typesetting behavior and errors shows black text. The text can be made to switch to red after the rst error with a hidden preference. defaults write TeXShop RedConsoleAfterError YES In the editing window, a soft line break occurs after words. This behavior can be changed to no line break = 0, line break after word = 1, or line break after characters = 2. defaults write TeXShop LineBreakMode 1 When the Preview window rst appears, its drawer is hidden. A hidden preference changes this behavior so the drawer is visible when the Preview window rst appears. defaults write TeXShop PreviewDrawerOpen YES When TeXShop was rst released on Tiger, users ran into an annoying bug which caused the program to gradually slow to a crawl after several typesetting actions. This bug was xed a couple of days after the release. The problem occurred when a new pdf le was loaded into the PdfKitView in the Preview window. According to Apple documentation, this should have released the previous data structure from memory. The release did occur, but it caused the program slowdown. So the bug x consisted of tricking the system into believing that the data structures were still being used so the system didnt try to release them. Recent investigation seems to show that this bug is not as severe in Tiger 10.4.4. Consequently a hidden preference has been added to release the data if desired. The values of this preference are 0 to release the data on system 10.4.3 or higher 1 to never release the data 2 to always release the data The default value is 1, causing the program to behave as previous versions behave.

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4.8

.plist Files

Mac OS X makes extensive use of xml les; xml is a structured language closely related to html. TeXShop uses ve xml les for conguration: completion.plist, autocompletion.plist, KeyEquivalents.plist, Macros Latex.plist, and Macros Context.plist. These les are used to congure the Latex Panel, Auto Completion, the Keyboard Menu Shortcuts, and the Macros menu. Details are given below. These les are automatically created in subfolders of /Library/TeXShop when TeXShop rst runs. Files of type plist are ordinary text les. They can be opened and edited with TeXShop, TextEdit, or other text editors. Each of the les except Macros.plist has a comment at the top explaining the le format. Editing is straightforward, but somewhat tedious. Macros Latex.plist and Macros Context.plist will never need to be edited because TeXShop has a Macro Editor built in. If a plist le contains unicode characters, it needs to be edited and saved in UTF-8 format. Before opening such a le in TeXShop, change the TeXShop encoding preference to UTF-8. Then edit and save the le. Then change the encoding preference back to the original value. The default value is MacOSRoman if you did not reset it earlier. Users with the Developer distribution installed will discover that double clicking a .plist le opens the le in a program named Property List Editor. Property List Editor is useful for editing plist les, but it is buggy and does not display the comments. So it is better to use TeXShop.

4.9

Modifying the Latex Panel

The Latex panel contains a Custom tab; up to sixteen user-dened buttons can be placed on this tab. Other buttons in the Latex panel cannot be changed, but the text inserted when the button is pressed can be changed. The comments at the start of the le completions.plist explain how to make these changes. To do so, edit the le /Library/TeXShop/LatexPanel/completions.plist with TeXShop. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters.

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4.10

Modifying Auto Completion

The preference panel contains a checkbox to turn auto completion on or o; by default it is o. When auto completion is on, typing certain characters inserts an entire string in the source le. For instance, typing inserts { }, with the cursor positioned inside the brackets. Auto completion elements can be modied and created by editing the le autocompletion.plist. The comments at the start of this le explain how to make changes. To do so, edit the le /Library/TeXShop/Keyboard/autocompletions.plist with TeXShop. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters.

4.11

Redening Keyboard Menu Shortcuts

The keyboard menu shortcuts for TeXShop can be redened. To do this, read the comments at the top of the le KeyEquivalents.plist and make appropriate changes. To do so, edit the le /Library/TeXShop/Menus/KeyEquivalents.plist with TeXShop. Be sure to edit and save in UTF-8 format if you use Unicode characters.

4.12

Modifying the Macros Menu

TeXShop contains a Macro Editor, so it should never be necessary to directly modify the Macros.plist le.

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Credits
Richard Koch Dirk Olmes Gerben Wierda

TeXShop is produced under the GPL public license. Coordination by:

Code by: Richard Koch Dirk Olmes Gerben Wierda Mitsuhiro Shishikura Seiji Zenitani Isao Sonobe Martin Kerz Michael Witten Norman Gall Anton Leuski Jrme Laurens eo Piero DAncona Georoy Lenglin Jonas Zimmermann Sean Luke Max Horn John Nairn Greg Landweber

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 Nicols Ojeda Br a a Martin Heusse Sarah Childers Makoto Inoue Sven A. Schmidt Georg Klein David Reitter Maarten Sneep Kevin Ballard Elliott Hughes Claus Gerhardt Sebastian Siedentopf Will Robertson Stefan Walsen Yu Itoh Koichi Inoue Localization by: Maarten Sneep Jrme Laurens eo Hendrik Chaltin Keith J. Schultz Sascha Beverungen Martin Kerz Max Horn Giuseppe Carlino 82

 Nicola Vitacolonna Seiji Zenitani Yoshihisa Okazaki Paulo Abreu Andrei Teleman Roxana Tenea Teleman Juan Luis Varona Malumbres Contact Information: Richard Koch Mathematics Department University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403 koch@math.uoregon.edu

Dirk Olmes dirk@xanthippe.ping.de

Gerben Wierda (for teTeX only) Gerben Wierda@rna.nl

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APPENDIX

Appendix: Whats New?

Versions 1.42 and 2.05 add extra features to TeXShop and x some bugs. New features in 2.05:

TeXShop 2.05 is now a Universal Binary, containing code for both the PowerPC and Intel processors. The system automatically runs the correct version of the code. The default TeXShop preference for the teTeX binary directory is /usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current But if users have installed Gerben Wierdas latest TeX redistribution, they also have Intel binaries. On Intel machines, the teTeX binary directory should then be /usr/local/teTeX/bin/i386-apple-darwin-current TeXShop now has code to make this change automatically. When the program rst starts, it calls "uname -p" to determine the current processor. If the result is "i386", then TeXShop permanently changes the above preference to /usr/local/teTeX/bin/i386-apple-darwin-current However this change is not made if the user has manually changed the default /usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current to some other location. Thus if a user has the Fink teTeX distribution or some other distribution and has set the teTeX binary directory preference to point to it, the preference will not be changed. When TeXShop was rst released on Tiger, users ran into an annoying bug which caused the program to gradually slow to a crawl after several typesetting actions. This bug was xed a couple of days after the release. The problem 84

occurred when a new pdf le was loaded into the PdfKitView in the Preview window. According to Apple documentation, this should have released the previous data structure from memory. The release did occur, but it caused the program slowdown. So the bug x consisted of tricking the system into believing that the data structures were still being used so the system didnt try to release them. A side eect was that memory gradually lled up and some users learned that they needed to quit TeXShop and restart after each days work. Recent investigation seemed to show that this bug is xed in Tiger 10.4.3. Consequently late versions of TeXShop test which system is running and release the old data structures when the system is at least 10.4.3, but not otherwise. This behavior is controlled by a new hidden Preference item: defaults write TeXShop ReleaseDocumentClasses 0 The value 0 causes the program to behave as just described. If the value is 1, the old data structures are never released and the program behaves exactly as earlier versions of TeXShop 2. If the value is 2, old data structures are always released. However, still more recent experience suggests that the problem remains, so the default value is currently set to 1. Further investigation is underway. Michael Witten, a student at MIT, added multiple wrapping modes to TeXShop. Users can choose "no wrapping" so lines continue right until the user pushes ENTER, or "word wrapping" so text is wrapped at word boundaries (this was the prior behavior), or "character wrapping" so text wraps exactly at the last possible character. Note that these wrappings are "soft"; resizing the window will change the wrapping. The default wrapping is "word wrapping" but a menu command allows the wrapping to be changed. Moreover, a hidden preference allows the default wrapping to be changed: defaults write TeXShop LineBreakMode 1 where "None" = 0, "Word Wrap" = 1, and "Character Wrap" = 2. Wrapping is done at the right side of the window unless the ruler is active; if it is, wrapping is done at the "right marker" Witten also added the command "Hard Wrap". If a paragraph is selected, this command inserts hard wrapping commands at the right side of this paragraph. 85

After this step, resizing the window leaves the wraps xed. This is useful if you send source to a colleague whose editor has xed width and no wrapping. If the "Hard Wrap" command is chosen but no selection has been made, the hard wrap applies to the entire document. Note that "Hard Wrap" is undoable. The TeXShop Application Bundle now contains Norman Galls TeX-mdimporter Spotlight importer. Files with extensions .tex, .latex, .ltx, .ctx. and .texi will be indexed by Spotlight when saved. In systems 10.4 through 10.4.2, TeXShop les were automatically indexed because they have type TEXT, but Apple changed this procedure in 10.4.3. So the importer is now required to index les. The system automatically recognizes the importer when TeXShop is rst installed. It is then used to index .tex, .ltx, etc. les even if TeXShop is not running. If Gall later updates the importer and you install the new version in ~/Library/Spotlight or other canonical spots, the updated version will be used rather than the version in the TeXShop bundle because Apples importer search routines use importers in bundles as a last resort. Galls importer was not written with TeXShop in mind, but is instead designed to be used by all TeX editors and front-ends; the hope is that there will be a universal importer rather than a dierent one for each front end. For the latest version, see http://www.spookyhill.net/gall/latex. Added ISO Latin 9 encoding Now (apple)-[ and (apple)-] act dierently in the editing window and preview window. In the editing window they are "unindent" and "indent". In the preview window they are "back" and "forward". A disadvantage is that it was not possible to add these commands to the menus, so users need to remember these abbreviations. This change was requested by users with German and other keyboards on which (apple)-{ cycle through windows. Users with English keyboards cycle through windows with (apple)-. Added a new hidden preference defaults write TeXShop LeftRightArrowsAlwaysPage YES The default value is NO. When set to YES, the left and right arrows scroll by a page even if the horizontal school bar is active. 86

 Changed the English under the Preview tab of Preferences from "After Window Review" to "Magnication Style" and changed "Preview Window Magnication" to "Preview Window Fixed Magnication" to more carefully explain the function of these preference items. Notice that TeXShop only uses the Preview Magnication value if the Magnication Style has been set to "Fixed Magnication". Added a new item %!TEX projectfile = which can be added to the top of TeX source les. This change is primarily for ConTeXt users so they can use the new sync method. When synching from the preview window to the source window, TeXShop needs to know all sources le for the document being previewed so it can open source les not currently open if necessary. It does this by parsing the root document, looking for \include and \input lines. But ConTeXt uses dierent commands to input les. The new syntax allows ConTeXt users to directly indicate in the root document which additional source les need to be searched. Here are examples: %!TEX projectfile = /Users/koch/MyDoc/chapter1.tex %!TEX projectfile = chapter2.tex %!TEX projectfile = ../chapter3.tex Added .Rnw as an extension TeXShop can edit. This was a request of Paolo Bosetti, who uses TeX and R and Sweave together. When a user tries to open a .dvi le, TeXShop runs a script to convert the dvi le to a pdf le. In previous versions, it ran a dierent script when the .dvi was in a writeable directory than when its directory was not writeable. But Gerben Wierda has revised the simpdftex script to handle both cases, so now TeXShop always calls simpdftex to do the conversion. Actually it calls the TeX + dvips + distiller script which is set in Preferences; this preference will be simpdftex if the user has a fairly recent TeX distribution. Added a new hidden Preference defaults write TeXShop RedConsoleAfterError NO If this default is YES, then after the rst error the remaining text in the console will be red. The default value is NO.

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 Slightly modied the appearnce of the Console window, particularly in English. More work is needed here. Note that the console window can be resized and relocated, and the system will remember this new size and location when TeXShop is restarted. In version 2.05, xed "undo past a save" using the new Tiger command [textView breakUndoCoalescing] Previous versions of TeXShop allowed users to undo past a save command. But this required "tricky code" and one eect of the trick was that TeXShop sometimes lost track of whether the current state of the document had previously been saved, and so didnt save the document before typesetting, giving strange results in the preview window. Versions 2.00 through 2.04 of TeXShop sometimes had trouble remembering new preference settings; it was necessary to set them several times before they "took." This is xed. New features in 1.42 and 2.05: The commands "altpdftex" and "altpdatex" in Gerben Wierdas TeX distribution have changed to "simpdftex tex" and "simpdftex latex". These are now the default preference values for new TeXShop installations. Moreover, the rst time a user tries to typeset in the "tex + ghostscript" mode, TeXShop will check these preference items, and change them if necessary. It does this by determining whether "simpdftex" is in the TeX binary directory. If so, and if the command in the TeX + dvips + distiller "TeX Program" eld in the TeXShop Engine Preferences is "altpdftex", then this eld is changed to "simpdftex tex". Any additional ags in the preference eld are retained. At the same time, the "Latex Program" eld is changed. If it is "altpdatex", it is changed to "simpdftex latex", retaining any additional ags. Added ISO Latin 9 encoding New German localization and help les. New Japanese Help by Yoshihisa Okazaki with help from Seiji Zenitani. New Spanish help les and localization. Uses version 1.2.4 of OgreKit. 88

 Conversion of eps, ps, and dvi les to pdf (caused by opening such a le) now works even if the path to the le has folders whose names contain spaces. In all three cases, the le can now be in a folder without write permission. Trash AUX les now removes les with more extensions: cos, idv, 4ct, 4tc, lg, xref, ttt, f, ent, wrm. If the user tries to open a le with UTF-8 Unicode encoding, but the le is not a legal utf8 le, a dialog now appears warning of the problem, and the le is opened with MacOSXRoman encoding. Bib les are promoted to full class citizens; text can be dragged to them, syntax coloring works, etc. A remark: users have reported that they can no longer "nd" words in the console window. Actually, they can. This window has two portions. When typesetting ends, the bottom portion is active, so the nd panel searches that portion. To activate the top, click on it. Then "nd" works. Added a preference to control rst mouse behavior: "Select on Activate." When this is YES, a click in the source window will also set the insertion point to the click point. If it is NO, a second click is required to change the insertion point. Added pdf to the types of les TeXShop can edit, and added a pdf icon. This allows TeXShop to be chosen as the default pdf viewer. Added Lilypond, abc, and bst as extensions that can be edited. Added code by David Reitter so that selecting the word \int, etc., selects the beginning "\" as well. Bugs xed:

Japanese Image Copy Type Preference failed due to incorrect localization. Now xed. Command Completions conguration le is now loaded and saved in UTF-8 Unicode. Errors xed in pdfsync.

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 When typesetting engines are called, they are now passed the program lename with extension, rather than just the lename. In 1.35, it was only possible to switch between the OgreKit Find panel and the Apple Find panel in the English localization. This is xed. The menu item to bring up the statistics panel was only in the English version. Now it is in all versions. In all display modes except single page mode, a black border is drawn around each pdf page. Previously this border was slightly inside the page, cutting o a slight border around the page. Now it is just outside the page. Thanks to Scott Ranby for pointing out this error. The "%!TEX TS-program" and "%!TEX root =" commands now work when used with an external editor. Versions 1.37 and 2.00 add extra features to TeXShop and x some bugs. New features in 2.00: A new synchronization method has been added to TeXShop, using the ability in Tiger to search for strings in pdf les. The new method does not require including a pdfsync.sty le, so it works out of the box on les typeset using any engine: pdftex or pdatex, TeX + ghoscript or LaTeX + ghostscript, XeTeX, and other engines. Click on a word or phrase in the source le. TeXShop will scroll the preview window to the corresponding phrase and circle it in red. Click on a word or phrase in the preview window. TeXShop will open the corresponding source le if it is not already open, scroll the source to the appropriate spot, and highlight the source phrase in yellow. A new TeXShop preference item selects the synchronization method to be used: the old pdfsync method, the new search method, or a combination in which the new search is used, but the program falls back on pdfsync if the new search does not succeed. TeXShop 2.00 uses Apples PDFKit to display the pdf preview window. This software is introduced in system 10.4.0 (Tiger), so TeXShop 2.00 requires Tiger. 90

PDFKit makes the following new features possible: TeXShop supports hyperlinks. To activate this feature, add the line \usepackage[colorlinks=true, pdfstartview=FitV linkcolor=blue, citecolor=blue, urlcolor=blue]{hyperref} to the heading of the source document. Links to external web sites can then be added to tex documents using commands like \href{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/}{Koch homepage} Links to other portions of the tex document can be added using commands like \hyperlink{lemniscate}{Graph of Lemniscate} where the tag "lemniscate" is created using a command like \hypertarget{lemniscate}{} To navigate with these links, choose the new "text" tool and clink on the colored links. The preview window toolbar contains "Back" and "Forward" buttons so one can jump to a spot using a link, and then jump back. Hyperref.sty automatically adds links to citations, so readers can rapidly jump from a citation to the corresponding bibliography entry. The hyperref package also creates a document outline. For example, the main outline of a book is a list of chapters; each chapter entry contains a list of sections, and so forth. To see this outline and navigate through the document with it, use the new "drawer" tool to display the pdf windows drawer. The text tool can be used to select a portion of text in the preview window and copy this selection to an editor. This diers from the "pdf selection tool" which copies a portion of the document as a pdf illustration the text tool copies editable text. Searching the pdf preview is supported. Use the search tools in the bottom half of the windows drawer.

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 PDFKit brings additional polish to the display of pdf documents. It supports documents with isolated rotated pages, and correctly prints rotated pages in landscape mode. It supports liveupdate of window resizing if the magnication preference is set to "t to window." Etc. New features in 2.00 and 1.37: The remaining new features are available in both new versions. Earlier versions of TeXShop allowed users to set the typesetting engine of a le, its encoding, and its root le by adding appropriate comments to the top of the source le. For example, the following commands set the typesetting engine to xelatex, the encoding to UTF-8 Unicode, and the root le to ../Main.tex: %&xelatex %&encoding= UTF-8 Unicode %SourceDoc ../Main.tex But this syntax was a mistake because the symbols "%&" are reserved for the use of TeX. In versions 1.37 and 2.00 of TeXShop, the syntax has been changed to the following: %!TEX TS-program = xelatex %!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode %!TEX root = ../Main.tex It you used the earlier facility, you need to change your old source les to the new syntax. Im very sorry to cause this work, but the change is really necessary. If you are in the middle of a project and cannot make the change now, you can temporarily set a hidden preference to revert to the old syntax. To do so, open Apples Terminal program and type defaults write TeXShop UseOldHeadingCommands YES Once this is done, the new commands will be recognized but the old commands will also work. However, I recommend turning this preference o as soon as possible. 92

 Commands have been added to the default Macros menu which insert the symbols "%!TEX TS-program = " and "%!TEX encoding = " and "%!TEX root = " into the source document; new users will see these entries. Users who are upgrading can easily add these symbols as well. To add the program entry, choose "Open Macro Editor" under the Macro menu. Click the "New Item" button, name the item "Program" and set its content to %!TEX TS-program = #INS# Repeat for the "Encoding" and "Root" items. Martin Kerz added a "Check for Updates..." command to TeXShop. He also designed the new TeXShop web page. Thanks! OgreKit for searching has been upgraded to the latest 2.0.1 version. Additional letypes can be edited, including les with extensions "abc", "bst", "bib", "lp", and "pdf". The addition of "pdf" allows TeXShop to be chosen as the default pdf viewer. A new pdf icon has been created so the system can use it on pdf les it will display in TeXShop. TeXShop has always had a "Revert To Saved" item under the File menu, but it has never worked! Sorry. This is xed. David Reitter modied the selection code so if the user clicks on a control word like \gamma, the initial "\" symbol will also be chosen. A new preference item "Select on Activate" was added. When this item is checked, a mouse click on the text window will select this window and also place the cursor at the spot that was clicked. If the item is not checked, the initial mouse click will only activate the window. A separate click is then needed to position the cursor. New hidden preferences were added for users who change the default foreground and background colors of the editing window. These preferences set the color of the insertion point (without these preferences, the insertion point could become invisible). To set the insertion point to white, for example, defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint R 1.0 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint G 1.0 defaults write TeXShop insertionpoint B 1.0 When a le is typeset, all open changed les with the same root are rst saved. 93

 Improvements were made in the pdfsync code. In previous versions, it was possible to add a Macro button to the Preview Window Toolbar in English, but not in other localizations. This is xed thanks to Juan Luis Varona. New Japanese Help by Yoshihisa Okazaki with help from Seiji Zenitani. A proxy icon is now added to the title of the preview window. This icon can be dragged to the desktop or other folders to create a copy of the pdf le. The source window has always had a proxy icon. Thanks to Rene Donner for suggesting this feature and explaining how to implement it. Version 1.36 was never released. Version 1.35 adds extra features to TeXShop and xes some bugs. New features: An important recent development is the release of XeTeX and XeLaTeX by Jonathan Kew. See http://scripts.sil.org/xetex XeTeX is not part of Gerben Wierdas standard installation, but it is available with Wierdas i-Installer as an optional install directly from Jonathan Kew. XeTeX can access Macintosh fonts directly, so TeX documents can be written with Lucida Grande, Zapno, and any other Mac font. Moreover, XeTeX understands Unicode, so for example users can type Arabic into the source window from right to left, typeset with TeX, and obtain Arabic in the output window. In particular, XeTeX source documents have UTF-8 Unicode encoding. TeXShop 1.35 supports XeTeX directly as follows: a) XeTeX and XeLaTeX are now available in the pull-down typesetting menu on the source window b) Using preferences, a user can make XeTeX or XeLaTeX the default typesetting option

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 c) If one of the rst ten lines of the source has the form %!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode then that le will be loaded and saved with UTF-8 Unicode encoding, regardless of the default encoding chosen for other documents d) If the rst line of the source has the form %!TEX TS-program = xetex or %!TEX TS-program = xelatex then the appropriate program will be used regardless of the typesetting option chosen. These XeTeX features form a special case of a new general method for adding typesetting engines to TeXShop. There is a now a folder in /Library/TeXShop named Engines; the les in this folder are shell scripts which call typesetting programs. When TeXShop rst starts, it examines this folder and adds the script names of les it contains to the pull-down typesetting menu. Choosing one of these items and pushing the Typeset button calls the script. Users can write their own scripts and add them to the Engines folder. Items in /Library/TeXShop/Engines can be chosen as default typesetting method in TeXShop Preferences. The typesetting program can be set in the source code by writing one of the following on any of the rst twenty lines of the source: %!TEX TS-program = tex %!TEX TS-program = latex %!TEX TS-program = pdftex %!TEX TS-program = pdflatex %!TEX TS-program = personaltex %!TEX TS-program = personallatex This new syntax also works for any new typesetting engine added to /Library/TeXShop/Engines. For example, %!TEX TS-program = xelatex chooses XeLaTeX. 95

The encoding used to open or save a le can be set by writing a line of the form %!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode as one of the rst 20 lines of a source document. Any supported encoding is allowed; TeXShops Help Files list the string which must appear on the right for each of these encodings. To bypass this behavior, hold down the option key while opening a le. The old SourceDoc syntax has been modied to conform with the above changes. For example, to set the root le to ../Main.tex, write %!TEX root = ../Main.tex (The old syntax is still supported for setting the program, encoding, and SourceDoc, but users are urged to switch to this new syntax.) TeXShop has a new Find panel by Isao Sonobe. This panel supports regular expressions. Users can switch between the new panel and the original one in Preferences. The Find panel depends on OgreKit, a Cocoa framework for handling regular expressions by Sonobe. See http://www-gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sonobe/OgreKit/ OgreKit is distributed using a slightly modied version of the BSD license. This license can be found in the Documentation included directly in the OgreKit Framework folder in the TeXShop source distribution. OgreKit requires Panther, so the new panel will only appear on machines running Panther. There are many nice features in this new Find panel, which users can discover for themselves. OgreKit modies the "Find" menu submenu of the TeXShop Edit menu, replacing it with a more extensive menu. This might be confusing to Localizers, because the menu in the TeXShop nib le is not the menu they will see when TeXShop is running. The Find menu in the nib le should not be modied because it will be active in system 10.2. Instead the corresponding menu in OgreKit needs to be localized in the TeXShop source. The Find panel presents buttons controlling how it will nd words; the settings of the buttons will be remembered from session to session. Adjust them until Find works as expected and then relax. TeXShop 1.35 is distributed with the latest pdfsync.sty by Piero dAncona and J. Laurens. This xes typesetting problems caused by the version distributed 96

with TeXShop 1.34. TeXShop did not keep up with the changes by dAncona and Laurens for several months; sorry! In the new version, \include and \input are supported; to use the second, the syntax \input{thisle} must be used rather than the syntax \input thisle. The new version supports \pdfsync, \pdfsyncstart, and \pdfsyncstop. Use the rst of these commands at any spot where you want to reference a point. If pdfsync breaks your code, enclose the oending section in a \pdfsyncstop, \pdfsyncstart pair. Suppose you are typesetting myle.tex. Pdfsync creates a le named myle.pdfsync containing synchronization data. Roughly speaking, each data entry describes a synchronization point as follows: the page number of the output where the point occurs the location on this page the name of the source le producing this particular output the line number in this source le for this particular output There is a way to get TeXShop to display these synchronization points. The preview window toolbar has a new checkbox item called SyncMarks. By default, this item is not shown; use Customize Toolbar in the Window menu to select it. When the checkbox is checked, synchornization points are shown. By default, this item will not be checked when the Preview window rst appears. A hidden preference item can change this: defaults write TeXShop ShowSyncMarks YES TeXShop 1.35 has new matrix code by Jonas Zimmermann. The Matrix Panel now makes tables. Examine the panel to nd all of the new features. There is a hidden preference to set the default size of the matrix: defaults write TeXShop matrixsize 12 A very small number of users may have modied "matrixpanel.plist" in /Library/TeXShop/MatrixPanel. This plist has been extended; the new list is called "matrixpanel 1.plist". Please edit this le to add your changes. In previous versions of TeXShop, if you clicked elsewhere and then clicked on the edit window to edit, you would need to click twice to correctly position the

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cursor. This is now changed; the rst click in the edit text is recognized and positions the cursor. When applescript runs under the Macro menu, it starts a small second application embedded in the TeXShop folder to actually run the script. That is because when a command like "latex" runs, and there is an error on the source, the console appears to accept user input, but the TeXShop event loop is not running during the applescript action, so no user input can occur. Many applescripts do not have this problem. TeXShop now allows users to begin applescript macros with the command -- applescript direct When written this way, the script will be run directly by TeXShop rather than by the second small application. Added a menu command "Trash AUX Files" and a button on the console "Trash AUX Files." When involked, these commands move to the trash all les in the current source directory with the same name as the source le and extensions aux, bbl, blg, brf, glo, idx, ilg, ind, ioa, lof, log, lot, mtc, mlf, out, pdfsync, and toc. Thanks to Will Robertson for suggesting this command and producing this list of extensions. Additional extensions can be added to this list with a hidden preference. To add "dvi" to the list defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array-add "dvi" Several such extensions can be added in this way, one by one. To remove all additions defaults write TeXShop OtherTrashExtensions -array The original list of extensions above will always remain active. Suppose a book project has a main.tex le in a folder, and then chapters in subfolders which are accessed using commands like \include{chapter1/chapter1.tex}. When this book is typeset, main.aux and other les will appear in the primary folder, and chapter1.aux will appear in a subfolder. So the "Trash AUX Files" command does not do a complete cleanup. But if the option key is pressed when the menu item is chosen or the button on the console window is pressed, then

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 a) SourceDoc and Root File information will be used to nd the root document b) All les with appropriate extensions listed above will be moved to the trash from this folder and all subfolders, even if the name does not agree with the name of the root le. Some users may want to throw caution to the winds and arrange that "Trash AUX Files" always performs this more extensive cleanup. A hidden preference allows this: defaults write TeXShop AggressiveTrashAUX YES Added new templates by Will Robertson. These are heavily commented. It is intended that users will edit them to t their own requirements. The templates are only installed if TeXShop is running for the rst time, or if the Templates folder is completely removed from /Library/TeXShop. But Wills templates are in a folder named "More" in the TeXShop distribution; old users can obtain them by moving "More" to /Library/TeXShop/Templates. Added new macros by Will Robertson to create tables and arrays, to insert a reference, and to open other project les quickly. These macros have been praised on the TeX-On-MacOSX mailing list. The macros are available for new users; older users can obtain them by following simple instructions which come with TeXShop 1.35. Added a macro to examine les in the teTeX tree. For example, if "article.sty" is typed in the dialog produced by the Macro, kpsewhich is used to nd this le in the tree and open it in TeXShop. There are hidden preferences to set the color of the text in the source window defaults write TeXShop foreground R 0.3 defaults write TeXShop foreground G 0.3 defaults write TeXShop foreground B 0.3 This color will show if syntax coloring is on; otherwise it will be black and then color can be selected in the Font menu. When used with existing hidden preferences to set the source window background color, these commands can be used to write source as white on black,

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or with other color schemes. TeXShop has new macros to set the source window colors, and to reset to default colors. There are hidden preferences to make the source, preview, and console windows partly transparent. defaults write TeXShop ConsoleWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop SourceWindowAlpha 0.75 defaults write TeXShop PreviewWindowAlpha 0.75 Here an alpha value of 0.00 is completely transparent and an alpha value of 1.00 is completely opaque. Use these commands cautiously! TeXShop now has a Statistics panel, which lists the number of words, lines, and characters in a document. This is obtained by calling detex myfile | wc When rst called, the document on disk is tested. After changes are made to the document, the "update" button saves the document and calls detex again. The detex command removes tex commands, but the word count is still only approximate. Input and include les are counted by this command. New German Help by Martin Kerz. Kerz also redesigned the TeXShop Help Window to follow Apples current guidelines. These changes appear in English and German, but may not appear in other localizations. When a le is drag-and-dropped, any alias is now resolved. Thus alias graphic les (and other les) can be used provided they are dragged and dropped to the source. Alias les will not work if their names are typed directly because the tex engine does not understand aliases (it does understand symbolic links). Several changes were made in the Japanese portions of the code by Seiji Zenitani, with help from Yu Itoh and Koichi Inoue. There is a new Japanese encoding, Shift JIS X0213, which will become a new standard in Japan. There is now utf.sty support for pTeX. Before this change, Japanese pTeX supported only 6000 Kanji characters, but utf.sty supports more than 20,300 characters. This support is turned on by a preference item in Misc. When on, TeXShop exports non-ptex chracters as utf.sty codes. For example, unicode characters become \UTF(Hex code) and non-unicode characters become \CID(glyph ID). Zenitani also added new Japanese default settings. Previously, Japanese ptex 100

distributors provided their own "altpdatex" scripts, which was confusing for beginning users. This new version of TeXShop bundles "altpdatex-for-ptex" scripts and installs them in /Library/TeXShop/bin. The new Japanese default settings in Preferences automatically set up TeXShop to use these new scripts. Added the following Chinese encodings at the request of Adam Si: Mac Chinese Traditional, Mac Chinese Simplied, DOS Chinese Traditional, DOS Chinese Simplied, GBK, GB 2312, and GB 18030. Added a new Japanese help system by Yoshihisa Okazaki. Added new Spanish localization and help. TeXShop can now open and write les with extension .dn and .engine. There is a hidden preference defaults write TeXShop BringPdfFrontOnAutomaticUpdate NO which causes the pdf window to remain where it is when it automatically updates and is used with an external editor. This preference was requested by a user with an X11 editor and only seems necessary in this case. Users sometimes upgrade Mac OS X via "archive and install". After the installation, TeXShop remains but teTeX is blown away. The rst time such users typeset a le, they see an error dialog reporting that "pdatex cannot be found." This error dialog has been revised to explain more clearly the likely cause, and resolution, of the problem. The TeXShop web page now contains a "LaTeX Documentation" section listing recommended books and links to free LaTeX guides on the internet. The web page also makes available a number of short LaTeX example les by Will Robertson. Bugs xed: When a large number of windows were open, switching from one window to another took a long time and yielded a spinning disk; TeXShop was completely unresponsive during this time. This slowdown was caused by a bug in the Macro code. The problem is now xed. If a dvi le was opened in a directory without write permission, TeXShop could not create and display a corresponding pdf le. Now it will create the pdf le 101

in a temporary directory and display it. If the abort button was pushed in the console and the user later typed and pushed RETURN, the program crashed. Fixed. Two minor error dialogs, which should have appeared in a window, instead appeared on the desktop with an inoperable "OK" button. This is xed. In localizations other than English, attempts to get the applescript dictionary crashed TeXShop. Fixed. The Bibtex, etc., tools in the source window did not work if a le had a root le. Fixed. Version 1.34 adds extra features to TeXShop and xes some bugs. New features: Added a Matrix Panel by Jonas Zimmermann, zimmerleut@gmx.de. Many thanks. At the request of Claus Gerhardt, added an extra applescript command, "goto line". For instance tell front document of application"TeXShop" goto line 15 end tell Added a rst cut at pdfsync. Clicking on a spot in the pdf le while holding down the command key takes the user to the corresponding point in the source le. If the source le has include les, this operation will open the appropriate include le and take the user to a point in that le. Read the help le "General Help: Pdfsync" for important details. This change depends on pdfsync.sty, a le create by Piero DAncona with improvements by Jrme Laurens. eo Also added pdfsync the other way. Clicking on a spot in the source le (including source les with root les) while holding down the command key will select the corresponding page in the pdf le.

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Bugs xed: The TeX, Latex, Bibtex, Makeindex, Metapost, Context, and Metafont buttons on the toolbar reset the default typesetting engine. This no longer happens. Thus it is possible to hit the Bibtex button and then hit command-T to typeset again. The abort button on the console window did not stay xed when the window was resized. Thanks to Sean Luke for pointing out these rst two errors. The command-1 keystroke switches back and forth between the source and preview windows. In previous versions, this did not work when a source window had a root le set by myle.texshop or %SourceDoc. This is now xed. Clicking command-1 while in the source brings up the corresponding preview window. Clicking command-1 again brings up the original source le. A given preview window may have several source les. Command-1 will bring up the last source le which was switched to the preview using command-1, or the root source le if there was no previous switch. New Spanish help les by Juan Luis Varona Malumbres. Thanks. Printing now respects the "scale" setting in Page Setup. It does not respect the "paper size" setting since paper size is set in teTeX. Printing works like this: the dimensions of the printed document are set by tex and encoded in the pdf le; this pdf is resized by the scale factor if this factor is not 100%, but otherwise is placed full size and centered on the printed page; usually the document size and printed page size are the same, but in rare cases when they are not, the edges of the document might be cut o. Version 1.33 adds extra features to TeXShop and xes some bugs. New features: The changes in version 1.33 support improved apple scripting, better macro support, and improved interaction with external editors. Improved macro support was prompted by Claus Gerhardt, who wrote several useful scripts included with version 1.33. For example, one script calls htlatex to typeset a latex le for the web. The script saves the source, typesets, and opens the resulting html le in Safari. Thus the script behaves exactly like 103

the Latex typesetting button except that it creates an html rather than a pdf, and displays the html in Safari rather than TeXShop. An advantage of this approach is that users can create their own scripts similarly and thus add features to TeXShop without waiting for new program code. TeX typesetting often requires a sequence of operations. To process a le with a bibliography, the source must be run through latex, bibtex must be run, and latex must be run twice more. A script is included to do this automatically. The script saves the source before the rst latex run and updates the preview display at the end. Users can easily customize this script for their own workow. Additional scripts convert the tex source le to a le with Windows line feed convention, or a le with Macintosh 9 line feed conventions, or a le with Unix line feed conventions. Mac OS X understands all line feeds without help, but many computers are not so smart; the conversions are useful when sending les to friends. The "ip" binary used to do these conversions was written by Craig Stuart Sapp. See http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/craig/utility/ip/ for details. A script is included to call pdfselect and extract portions of pdf documents. A user could request one le containing pages 3 through 7 of the tex document, one containing page 29, and one containing pages 31 through 36. The advantage of placing this code in the Macros menu is that a user interface is provided, so users dont need to remember calling conventions for pdfselect and dont need to switch to the Terminal. A #DOCUMENTNAME# variable was added to the Macro editor, giving applescript commands the name of the calling document. The following applescript commands were added to TeXShop. Consult the TeXShop help les for details about writing your own scripts using these commands. typeset latex tex bibtex context metapost 104

 makeindex typesetinteractive latexinteractive texinteractive bibtexinteractive contextinteractive metapostinteractive makeindexinteractive typeset refreshpdf refreshtext taskdone Improved support was added for external editors, following prodding by Joachim Kock. Several changes have been made:

There is now a preference to turn on continuous updating of the preview window if the user is running in external editor mode. Once each second the program checks to see if the pdf le has been updated. If so, it refreshes the pdf display. The interval between refresh checks is controlled by a hidden preference item named RefreshTime. To reset to another interval in seconds (say every 2.19 seconds) defaults write TeXShop RefreshTime 2.19 Applescript command support has been added to TeXShop so external applications can send commands to it. For external editors, the important script commands are latexinteractive texinteractive

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 bibtexinteractive contextinteractive metapostinteractive makeindexinteractive typesetinteractive refreshpdf taskdone open for externaleditor The rst seven commands call TeXShops typesetting engine. When one of these commands is called, control immediately returns to the calling program even though the typesetting operation is not complete. The taskdone command returns FALSE while this operation continues and TRUE when it is done, so a calling program wishing to send several commands can send one command and then test that it has been completed before sending another command. Refreshpdf updates the preview display, and can be used instead of continuous updating to control that display. Typesetting commands automatically update the display upon completion. The open for externaleditor command opens a .tex le, calling "Open for Preview..." Additional features not related to scripting or external editors have also been added: "Select All" can be used to select the full page of pdf output in selection mode. There is one restriction; in Multi-Page and Double-Multi-Page mode, select all is only active if the document has at most 20 pages, since otherwise the selected pdf will be enormous and bring the machine to a crawl. A preference item now allows users to distill with Apples pstopdf rather than ghostscript. This only works in Panther because pstopdf is only in Panther. If the preference is chosen but Panther is not running, the old ghostscript code will be used. When the preference is chosen, ghostscript is no longer needed for internal TeXShop scripts, but it may still be required for teTeX style les.

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One such case is epstopdf.sty, used to automatically convert eps les to pdf format during typesetting. Zenitani provided additional drag and drop support. The new version reports an error if the lename of the dropped le contains a space. The new code also permits customization, in a somewhat strange way. To customize drag and drop code, add a new submenu to the Macros menu titled "Drag & Drop". Inside this folder, insert items for le types and make the text of each item be the code to be produced by drag and drop. For example, one item might be called ".pdf" and the body of this item might be "\includegraphics[#INS#]{%r}" where neither item would include the quotation marks. In these inclusions, %F = full path of an dropped le %f = dropped lename %r = relative path of the dropped le %n = lename without extension %e = extension If an extension is not listed in the Drag & Drop menu, or if there is no such menu, then drag and drop behaves as Zenitani proscribed, so most users wont need to customize the code. German help has been updated by Martin Kerz, the Italian localization has been updated by Nicola Vitacolonna, the Spanish help was updated by Juan Luis Varona Malumbres, the French localization was updated by Hendrik Chaltin, and a Romanian localization was added by Andrei Teleman. Thanks! Macros can now be called when the preview window is active; commands which insert text will be deactivated in this mode. A toolbar item for the Preview window was added so the Preview toolbar can display a Macros button. An "Abort" button was added to the console for people who want to stop the typesetting program in midstream. This is a minor change. Code by Elliott Hughes was added to clean up some of the code calling a latex, tex, bibtex, etc., task. If the binary le is not found, the program now puts up an error message explaining the error and asking if the preferences bin path is correct. This will be useful for those running nk who forget to change the preference.

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 At the request of Joachim Kock, when TeXShop opens a le for Preview, or is in external editor mode and opens a le, the program now compares the dates of the source and preview les. If the preview le is not up to date or does not exist at all, the source le is automatically typeset. There is a hidden preference to turn this behavior o, but it is on by default: To turn it o defaults write TeXShop ExternalEditorTypesetAtStart NO Bugs xed: A few users reported that their printers added a slight yellow background to the page. Only a few printers had that problem. Frank Stengel discovered that it was caused by a NSEraseRect call in the print drawing routine. This call has been removed; now TeXShop prints using only one line, the vanilla Cocoa call [myRep draw]. In Panther, all Text objects oer word completion. If a portion of a word is typed and option-escape is typed, the system will oer a list of possible completions. This works in TeXShop, TextEdit, and other Cocoa programs. But TeXShops Command completion was broken in Panther, and made it impossible to use this new feature. This is xed. TeXShop has an applescript command to add text, but this command did not update the undo stack. This was xed by Stefan Walsen; his patch is in version 1.33. If the user printed the source and later printed the typeset document, the document would be lowered on the page. This is xed. Jerry Keough found a strange bug when using TeXShop in Jaguar. If the users preference setting asked that no empty document appear at startup and if the user opened a document, made the pdf window active, and then reached over and closed the source window, the next menu use would crash the program. This bug did not occur in Panther. It is xed.

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Version 1.32 adds two extra features to TeXShop and xes some bugs. New features: There is a new menu item, "New Tag", which inserts an empty tag in the source text and positions the cursor so the user can add the name of the tag. As a corollary, there is now a keystroke to add a new tag; the keystroke is command-2. In Applescript macros, the terms #LOGPATH#, #AUXPATH#, #INDPATH#, #BBLPATH#, and #HTMLPATH# will now be recognized; this has been added at the request of Claus Gerhardt. There is a new option to set the program called by MetaPost. See the TeXShop help le for an explanation. The drag and drop code has been improved by Seiji Zenitani. Dropping les of types pdf, jpg, jpeg, tif, ti, eps, or ps on the source document will produce \includegraphics and a reference to the le. Dropping a le of type cls, sty, or bib will \documentclass, \usepackage, or \bibliographystyle and a le reference. Dropping any other text le will produce \input and a le reference. Bugs xed: Although the magnication level can increase to 1000 in version 1.31, the arrow keys next to the magnication control only allowed values up to 400. This is xed. If the preview windows toolbar was in text-only mode and the magnication panel was selected, the resulting small dialog window would not go away in 1.31. This is xed. In Preferences, if the user set the tab size or the preview window magnication and then cancelled, the new values would still appear when the Preference panel was again displayed. This is xed. Suppose the preference to place the rst page on the right side is active. In 1.31, the left arrow key did now work in double page mode, and the right arrow key stopped one page before the end. In double multipage mode, the end key,

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the page down key, and the right arrow key stopped before displaying the last page. All of these problems are xed. Version 1.31 adds some extra features to TeXShop and xes several bugs. New features: Macros items are now specic to the typesetting engine set in the current window. Two default sets are created when TeXShop rst starts, one for Latex and one for Context. (The Context set was created by Hans Hagen; thanks!). Suppose a dierent engine is selected, say TeX. When it starts, it will have the default Latex macros. But if this set of Macros is edited with the Macro editor, the new set will always be associated with TeX, while the old Latex macros will continue to be associated with Latex. Of course the Latex macros can also be changed. A new preference item allows the rst page in the two double page modes to be either on the left or on the right. Books usually put this page on the right, so that is the default preference. The preference dialog has a new pulldown menu to reset preferences to default values. This addition was requested by Seiji Zenitani for users in Japan who must cope with three dierent versions of pTeX. These users can now rapidly set preferences without consulting documentation on web sites. The largest possible magnication in the preview window is now 1000 (previously it was 400). Additional French menu translations by Hendrik Chaltin; thanks! Bugs xed: Three Panther problems are xed. A few interface changes were made to improve appearance in Panther. This release is essential for Panther. In Panther, older versions of TeXShop refuse to create new les, although they can open existing les. This was xed by adding two lines to the "displayName" code.

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 In Panther, the small yellow tags which display the current page when scrolling in multipage and double multipage display formats were blank. Also, the small yellow tags which display the size of a selection rectangle to copy a portion of the pdf window were blank. This is xed. On my system, Panther spellchecking often fails for all programs. This happens at boot time. The computer boots up, but even if the rst program used is TextEdit or Mail, it refuses to "spell check as you type" and the "Spelling dialog" refuses to appear. I suspect this is due to a defective third party program on my disk, since other Panther users havent seen the problem. But I havent been able to isolate the bug. Once the problem occurs, TextEdit and Mail have minor text input glitches which are cured by turning o continuous spell checking. TeXShop had more serious glitches in this situation. So in 1.31, extra code has been added to turn o continuous spell checking when TeXShop starts if the spell checker is not available. Fixed a bug reported by Luis Sequeira: when text was dragged within the source window, it was always copied and pasted. It should have been cut and pasted unless the option key was down. This is xed. Juan Luis Varona Malumbres slightly improved Spanish help (small icon for the list of help les in the drawer). In two page mode, typesetting no longer scrolls to the rst page. The new page and magnication buttons retain rstResponder status (as before 1.29) so users can experiment with several settings without clicking again for each experiment. In version 1.30 and before, if the user input an impossible line into the "Go To Line" dialog, the program could crash; this is xed. Thanks to Eric Seidel for the bug report. Kevin Ballard, kevin@sb.org, contributed a new English.lproj folder with revised placement of interface items in preferences, slightly revised menu items, and other changes to improve the look of the interface in Panther. Many thanks! Made spacing changes for Panther in the German preference panel. Thanks to Martin Kerz for the suggestions. There is a hidden preference item to turn o tag computation: "defaults write 111

TeXShop TagSections NO" but this preference was disabled somewhere along the line and certainly in 1.30. It is enabled again. The Preference window is no longer hidden when the program is deactivated.

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