JSON(JavaScript
Object Notation)
File Handling
JSON file structure
• JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.
• JSON is lightweight data-interchange format.
• JSON is language independent.
• JSON supports array, object, string, number and values.
• Web applications commonly use JSON to exchange data between each other.
{"employees":[
{"name":"Sunny", "email":”sunny@gmail.com"},
{"name":"Rahul", "email":"rahul32@gmail.com"},
{"name":"John", "email":"john32bob@gmail.com"} ]}
JSON syntax is derived from JavaScript object notation syntax:
• Data is in name/value pairs
• Data is separated by commas
• Curly braces hold objects
• Square brackets hold arrays
Characteristics of JSON
• Human-readable and writable: JSON is easy to read and write.
• Lightweight text-based data interchange format: JSON is simpler to read and
write when compared to XML.
• Widely used: JSON is a common format for data storage and communication on
the web.
• Language-independent: Although derived from JavaScript, JSON can be used with
many programming languages.
JSON Data types
Data Type Description Example
String A string is always written in "student", "name",
double-quotes. It may consist of "1234", "Ver_1"
numbers, alphanumeric and
special characters.
Number Number represents the numeric 121, 899
characters.
Boolean It can be either True or False. true
Null It is an empty value.
JSON object
• JSON objects refer to dictionaries, which are enclosed in curly braces, i.e., { }.
• A JSON object is a collection of key/value pairs. The keys are strings, and the
values can be strings, numbers, objects, arrays, true, false, or null.
{"name" : "Jack", "employeeid" : 001, "present" : false}
{
"employee": {
"name": "sonoo",
"salary": 56000,
"married": true
}
}
JSON Array
• A JSON array is an ordered collection of values. The values can be strings, numbers,
objects, arrays, true, false, or null.
[
{
"PizzaName" : "Country Feast",
"Base" : "Cheese burst",
"Toppings" : ["Jalepenos", "Black Olives", ", "Cherry tomatoes"],
"Spicy" : "yes", },
{
"PizzaName" : "Veggie Paradise",
"Base" : "Thin crust",
"Toppings" : ["Jalepenos", "Black Olives", "Cherry tomatoes"],
"Spicy" : "yes",
}
]
Reading JSON File
import json
# Sample JSON data in "data.json"
# {"name": "John Doe", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
file_path = "data.json"
# Reading JSON data from the file
with open(file_path, "r") as json_file:
data = json.load(json_file)
print(data)
# Output: {'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New
York'}
Reading JSON File
Writing JSON file
import json
# Sample Python dictionary
data = {
"name": "John Doe",
"age": 30,
"city": "New York"
}
# Writing JSON data to a file
file_path = "output.json"
with open(file_path, "w") as json_file:
json.dump(data, json_file)
# The "output.json" file will contain: {"name": "John
Doe", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
Writing JSON file
Writing JSON file
Loading JSON Data as Python Objects:
import json
# Sample JSON data in "nested_data.json"
# {"person": {"name": "John Doe", "age": 30}, "city": "New
York"}
file_path = "nested_data.json"
# Reading JSON data from the file
with open(file_path, "r") as json_file:
data = json.load(json_file)
print(data)
# Output: {'person': {'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30}, 'city':
'New York'}
print(data['person']['name'])
# Output: 'John Doe'
Problem Statement
You are working as a data scientist for a healthcare organization, and your
team has been tasked with analysing COVID-19 data from multiple
countries. The data is stored in JSON files, with each file representing the
daily COVID-19 statistics for a specific country. Each JSON file has the
following structure:
{ "country": "Country Name",
"date": "YYYY-MM-DD",
"confirmed_cases": { "total": 1000, "new": 50 },
"deaths": { "total": 20, "new": 2 },
"recovered": { "total": 800, "new": 30 }
}
Your task is to write a Python program that performs the following
operations:
1.Read COVID-19 data from all JSON files in a given directory
and its subdirectories.
2.Calculate and display the following statistics for each country:
1. Total confirmed cases.
2. Total deaths.
3. Total recovered cases.
4. Total active cases (total confirmed cases minus total deaths and total
recovered).
3.Determine the top 5 countries with the highest number of
confirmed cases and the lowest number of confirmed cases.
4.Generate a summary report in JSON format that includes the
statistics for all countries and save it to a file named
"covid19_summary.json".
